CN118141990A - 一种组织修复贴片及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- CN118141990A CN118141990A CN202211554834.8A CN202211554834A CN118141990A CN 118141990 A CN118141990 A CN 118141990A CN 202211554834 A CN202211554834 A CN 202211554834A CN 118141990 A CN118141990 A CN 118141990A
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种组织修复贴片及其制备方法。所述组织修复贴片包括脱细胞真皮基质和粘附于所述脱细胞真皮基质上的粘附涂层;脱细胞真皮基质来自离体的动物皮;粘附涂层由具有亲水基团的粘性聚合物或其组织反应性官能团的衍生物制成;粘性聚合物为聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酰胺、聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、明胶、胶原蛋白、壳聚糖和透明质酸中的一种或几种的共聚物。本发明组织修复贴片使用时无需额外进行缝合,可节约手术时间,减轻患者痛苦。本发明组织修复贴片中,粘附涂层采用的聚合物合成体系所用光引发剂为α‑酮戊二酸,该引发剂是谷氨酸脱氨基的酮酸产物,并且是三羧酸循环的中间产物,生物相容性好,无任何毒性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种组织修复贴片及其制备方法,属于组织修复材料领域。
背景技术
基于异种动物皮肤组织来源的脱细胞真皮基质可广泛用于疝气修复、硬脑/脊膜缺损修复、宫腔修复等多种组织缺损修复。脱细胞真皮基质植入人体后能与人体组织整合并引导新生组织的再生,无过度瘢痕组织形成,组织粘连程度轻微,且并发症较少。其具有如下优异性能:良好的生物相容性,可引导组织生长;一定的机械强度,能抵抗组织应力,提供力学支撑;植入人体后能保持尺寸稳定性,无收缩和变形等。
目前用于组织修复的脱细胞真皮基质多为缝合型补片,需搭配手术缝线缝合,实用性强,便于裁剪与组织缝合,与组织解剖结构贴合,但仍存在一些缺陷,如手术过程缝合时间较长,术后易破损,再次修补会造成患者二次创伤等。因此目前亟需一种新颖的组织修复贴片,能够具备传统组织贴片的优异性能,同时能够于达到服贴密封的效果而无需额外进行缝合,且具有优良的生物相容性。
在临床上,已有氰基丙烯酸酯、纤维蛋白胶和聚乙二醇凝胶等材料能实现对组织的粘附和密封,尽管上述材料从轻微损伤到危及生命的损伤已有广泛的应用,但它们仍存在很多未解决的问题。在组织潮湿环境和动力作用的背景下,材料的生物相容性、对软组织的粘附能力、与底层组织特性的匹配程度、与组织修复兼容的降解速度、与组织粘附或降解时的炎症反应等,都是此类材料应用面临的挑战。
理想的附着于脱细胞真皮基质的粘附层所用材料应具有生物相容性、生物降解性、利于伤口愈合、防止术后粘连、易于制备、易于使用等基本特性。同时,有效的组织粘附材料应具有顺应组织的机械强度和对创伤区域的粘合性能。这就要求粘附层材料具有足够的粘附性和内聚性能,即,材料应与组织部分之间形成牢固的界面结合,同时提供所需的内聚强度并保持稳定。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种组织修复贴片,具有良好的生物相容性和低免疫原性,可引导组织再生,防止术后粘连;对所应用组织有优良的初始粘附力,且能在血液和体液潮湿环境中保持粘附能力;具有一定的致密性,能防止液体渗漏。
本发明提供的组织修复贴片,包括脱细胞真皮基质和粘附于所述脱细胞真皮基质上的粘附涂层;
所述脱细胞真皮基质来自离体的动物皮,具有一定的机械强度,不粘连,易于塑形,可生物降解等特性,与组织生物力学的匹配性好;
所述粘附涂层由具有亲水基团的粘性聚合物或其组织反应性官能团的衍生物制成;
所述粘性聚合物为聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酰胺、聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、明胶、胶原蛋白、壳聚糖和透明质酸中的一种或几种的共聚物。
所述粘附涂层使贴片能够直接紧密贴敷于底层组织,所述粘附涂层与底层组织的初始粘合能力是由于范德华力、氢键作用、离子相互作用等。与组织接触后,所述粘附涂层中的组织反应性官能团,能够与组织表面的官能团如伯胺和硫醇反应,维持长时间的组织粘附性能。
其中,所述组织反应性官能团为N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯、氰基丙烯酸酯、醛、邻苯二酚、异氰酸酯和芳基叠氮化物中的任一种,可以实现与组织的共价交联,提高所述粘性聚合物的长期粘附性;
优选地,粘性聚合物的衍生物可为N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯衍生聚合物;
更优选地,所述粘附涂层由聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚丙烯酸与聚羟基琥珀酰亚胺丙烯酸酯的三元共聚物(VP-AAc-NAS)制成;
所述三元共聚物由光引发聚合的方式得到,与热引发自由基聚合相比,反应条件更温和、生产效率更高、能耗与成本更低;同时,光引发剂的毒性和危险性更低,生产过程安全性和生物安全性更高。
所述光引发聚合采用的光引发剂为α-酮类光引发剂、缩酮类光引发剂、酰基氧化膦类光引发剂或香豆素类光引发剂,由于α-酮戊二酸是三羧酸循环中重要的代谢中间产物,以及生物体内L-谷氨酸、L-谷氨酰胺、L-脯氨酸、L-精氨酸等多种氨基酸、维生素和有机酸的生物合成前体,具有很高的生物安全性,而优选α-酮戊二酸作为光引发剂。
具体地,通过如下方式制备所述三元共聚物:
采用DMF配制单体溶液,然后加入所述光引发剂,在紫外光照射下进行聚合(1~3h);
单体的摩尔比为:N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮:丙烯酸:N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺丙烯酸酯=2:4~12:1,优选2:4~10:1、2:4~6:1、2:4:1、2:6:1或2:10:1。
本发明进一步提供了所述组织修复贴片的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、配制所述粘性聚合物或所述衍生物的溶液;
S2、将所述脱细胞真皮基质平铺于模具上,在所述脱细胞真皮基质的表面涂覆或喷洒所述溶液,经干燥即得所述组织修复贴片。
上述的制备方法中,步骤S1中,所述溶液的质量浓度为6~14%;
采用二氯甲烷(DCM)和/或甲醇(MeOH)配制所述溶液。
上述的制备方法中,步骤S2中,所述溶液的用量为0.1~0.3ml/cm2所述脱细胞真皮基质。
上述的制备方法中,步骤S2中,所述脱细胞真皮基质按照下述方法制备得到:
离体的动物皮经处理(除体表毛发、肌肉和脂肪等不宜加工部分)得到真皮层,再依次经脱脂、脱细胞、病毒灭活、冻干、辐照处理即得。
本发明通过处理去除了哺乳动物皮肤的抗原物质,免疫反应进一步降低,保持了材料的天然结构和部分活性成分,能促进组织修复、防粘连、引导组织再生,可在人体内完全降解。
本发明组织修复贴片中的粘附涂层使该贴片能够直接紧密贴敷于底层组织,且能在血液和体液潮湿环境中保持粘附能力,不需额外的固定,可快速闭合缺损组织。
本发明组织修复贴片使用时无需额外进行缝合,可节约手术时间,减轻患者痛苦。
本发明组织修复贴片中,粘附涂层采用的聚合物合成体系所用光引发剂为α-酮戊二酸,该引发剂是谷氨酸脱氨基的酮酸产物,并且是三羧酸循环的中间产物,生物相容性好,无任何毒性。
本发明组织修复贴片的制备工艺简单,反应条件温和,生产效率高,能耗与成本低,易于工业化大规模生产。
附图说明
图1为动物实验造创示意图。
图2为本发明实施例7中实施例1制备的样品(实验组)和对照组样品示意图。
图3为本发明实施例7中植入位置的组织HE染色结果,放大倍数为100X。
具体实施方式
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1、组织修复贴片的制备
1、试剂:
A是合成产物溶剂N,N二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)
B是溶解合成产物溶剂:50%DCM+50%MeOH(质量百分比浓度)
2、设备:
紫外灯,30W、365nm
3、合成(VP-AAc-NAS)三元共聚物
3.1溶液配制:在41.19ml的DMF中加入NVP 4.45g(0.04mol)、AA 8.65g(0.12mol)、NAS 3.38g(0.02mol)、α-酮戊二酸0.12g,磁力搅拌器混合均匀。
3.2合成:边搅拌边UV照射2h,获得含目标聚合物的溶液。
3.3合成产物萃取:将含目标聚合物的溶液加入约10倍体积的水中,玻璃棒搅拌后离心,离心条件为8000rpm,时间为5分钟。重复水洗离心步骤2次,获得合成产物。
3.4预冻:将所获得的产物-20℃预冻16小时。
3.5冻干:将预冻后样品冻干。
4、制备粘附涂层溶液
将所得(VP-AAc-NAS)三元共聚物溶于B,即获得粘附涂层溶液,浓度为12%。
5、脱细胞真皮基质制备
取离体后的新鲜牛皮,除体表毛发、肌肉和脂肪等不宜加工部分,清洗;经脱脂、脱细胞、病毒灭活、冻干、辐照处理得脱细胞真皮基质(可按照公开号为CN 113827776A的中国专利申请中实施例1的方法制备);
6、组织修复贴片制备
将脱细胞真皮基质置于不锈钢模具上,在补片表面均匀喷洒0.3~0.4ml的粘附涂层溶液。观察表面无明显液体后,置于37℃烘箱1小时,即获得具有粘附性能的组织修复贴片。
实施例2、组织修复贴片的制备
与实施例1的不同在于:(VP-AAc-NAS)三元共聚物的单体的配比,其它均相同。
在55.60ml的DMF中加入NVP 4.45g(0.04mol),AA 14.41g(0.2mol),NAS3.38g(0.02mol),α-酮戊二酸0.16g,磁力搅拌器混合均匀。边搅拌边紫外灯照射2.5h,获得含目标聚合物的溶液,通过萃取、预冻、冻干工序即获得粘性聚合物。
将聚合物溶解于DMF,均匀喷洒或涂布于置于模具上的脱细胞真皮基质表面,观察表面无明显液体后,置于37℃烘箱2小时,即获得具有粘附性能的组织修复贴片。
实施例3、组织修复贴片的制备
与实施例1的不同在于:(VP-AAc-NAS)三元共聚物的单体的配比,其它均相同。
在33.98ml的DMF中加入NVP 4.45g(0.04mol)、AA5.76g(0.08mol)、NAS3.38g(0.02mol)、α-酮戊二酸0.10g,磁力搅拌器混合均匀。边搅拌边紫外灯照射1.5h,获得含目标聚合物的溶液,通过萃取、预冻、冻干工序即获得粘性聚合物。
将聚合物溶解于DMF,均匀喷洒或涂布于置于模具上的脱细胞真皮基质表面,观察表面无明显液体后,置于37℃烘箱2小时,即获得具有粘附性能的组织修复贴片。
实施例4、组织修复贴片成型方式
实施例1制备得到的粘附层溶液进行组织修复贴片的制备,先将脱细胞真皮基质固定于自动涂膜机,将粘附层溶液均匀滴加于线棒边缘,待均匀涂布,观察表面无明显液体后,置于37℃鼓风烘箱中1小时,加速溶剂蒸发,即获得组织修复贴片。通过使用自动涂膜机制备组织修复贴片,使粘附层溶液涂布更均匀且提高了成膜效率。
实施例5、组织修复贴片的制备
溶液配制:采用与实施例1相同的摩尔比,将NVP替换为聚乙烯醇(PVA)。
具体步骤为:在41.19ml的DMF中加入PVA1.76g(0.04mol)、AA8.65g(0.12mol)、NAS3.38g(0.02mol)、α-酮戊二酸0.12g,磁力搅拌器混合均匀。。
共聚物后续合成、后处理操作及组织修复贴片的制备操作与实施例1相同。
对比例1、三元共聚物配比的考察
改变三元共聚物的配比,具体方法为,按2:3:1的比例制备三元共聚物:在33.98ml的DMF中加入NVP 4.45g(0.04mol)、AA4.32g(0.06mol)、NAS3.38g(0.02mol)、α-酮戊二酸0.10g,磁力搅拌器混合均匀。
共聚物后续合成、后处理操作及组织修复贴片的制备操作与实施例1相同。
实施例6、组织修复贴片的体外粘合性能
使用电子万能试验机对本发明组织修复贴片在离体猪肝上的粘附性能进行测试:用量具测量测试样品搭接面的长度和宽度,将试样对称地夹在上下夹持器中,开动试验仪器,记录试样剪切破坏的最大负荷并计算平均粘合功。
根据粘合功计算公式,可得各实施例及对比例的粘合功结果如表1所示。
表1不同组织粘合材料的粘合功
实施例1制备的组织修复贴片,平均粘合功为5.5mJ;实施例2制备的组织修复贴片,平均粘合功为4.5mJ;实施例3制备的组织修复贴片,平均粘合功为3mJ。体外粘合性能实验结果表明,当改变(VP-AAc-NAS)三元共聚物的单体的配比,组织修复贴片的粘合功存在一定的差异,可以依据不同使用场景对粘合功的需要进行调控。
实施例7、组织修复贴片的体内粘附性能
选用新西兰兔验证验证组织修复贴片在兔肝损伤模型中的表现。
取新西兰兔称重后,耳缘静脉注射麻醉消毒,备皮后,逐层开腹,暴露肝脏,在肝右叶用手术刀片制1.0cm×1.0cm×0.3cm的创面(创口情况如图1所示)。创面形成后,用纱布吸取表面渗血,将尺寸为1.5cm×1.5cm样品分别平铺于创面,使用生理盐水湿润的纱布敷压创面60s,观察对创面的粘附情况。采用实施例1制备的组织修复贴片作为实验组(图2,右侧样品),以不含组织粘附涂层的组织修复补片(即脱细胞真皮基质)作为对照组(图2,左侧样品)。
对照组的样品使用镊子轻推即离开创面,无法粘附。实验组所述样品能牢固地粘附在组织表面,使用镊子在边缘轻夹,无法将样品取下。
术后2个月,对实验动物剖检观察、评价,皮肤及腹壁创口愈合良好,解剖未见肝脏有明显红肿反应,手术缺损部位及周围组织愈合良好,病理结果显示,材料上方形成新生的纤维膜结构并与周围组织融合良好(如图3所示)。
Claims (10)
1.一种组织修复贴片,包括脱细胞真皮基质和粘附于所述脱细胞真皮基质上的粘附涂层;
所述脱细胞真皮基质来自离体的动物皮;
所述粘附涂层由具有亲水基团的粘性聚合物或其组织反应性官能团的衍生物制成;
所述粘性聚合物为聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酰胺、聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、明胶、胶原蛋白、壳聚糖和透明质酸中的一种或几种的共聚物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组织修复贴片,其特征在于:所述组织反应性官能团为N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯、氰基丙烯酸酯、醛、邻苯二酚、异氰酸酯和芳基叠氮化物中的任一种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的组织修复贴片,其特征在于:所述粘附涂层由聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚丙烯酸与聚羟基琥珀酰亚胺丙烯酸酯的三元共聚物制成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的组织修复贴片,其特征在于:所述三元共聚物由光引发聚合的方式得到;
所述光引发聚合采用的光引发剂为α-酮类光引发剂、缩酮类光引发剂、酰基氧化膦类光引发剂或香豆素类光引发剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的组织修复贴片,其特征在于:通过如下方式制备所述三元共聚物:
采用DMF配制单体溶液,然后加入所述光引发剂,在紫外光照射下进行聚合;
单体的摩尔比为:N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮:丙烯酸:N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺丙烯酸酯=2:(4~12):1。
6.权利要求1-5中任一项所述组织修复贴片的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、配制所述粘性聚合物或所述衍生物的溶液;
S2、将所述脱细胞真皮基质平铺于模具上,在所述脱细胞真皮基质的表面涂覆或喷洒所述溶液,经干燥即得所述组织修复贴片。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S1中,所述溶液的质量浓度为6~14%;
采用二氯甲烷和/或甲醇配制所述溶液。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S2中,所述溶液的用量为0.1~0.3ml/cm2所述脱细胞真皮基质。
9.根据权利要求6-8中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S2中,所述脱细胞真皮基质按照下述方法制备得到:
离体的动物皮经处理得到真皮层,再依次经脱脂、脱细胞、病毒灭活、冻干、辐照处理即得。
10.权利要求1-5中任一项所述组织修复贴片在作为修复缺损组织、预防术后粘连的修复材料中的应用。
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