CN118108924A - 一种无卤阻燃聚氨酯弹性体和制备工艺 - Google Patents
一种无卤阻燃聚氨酯弹性体和制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种无卤阻燃聚氨酯弹性体和制备工艺,本发明利用二氯磷酸苯酯、4‑(4‑羟基苯基)‑2,3‑二氮杂(4‑硝基苯)萘‑1‑酮进行磷酸酯化反应,然后经过Pd/C催化剂还原,得到新型的磷酸酯双二氮杂萘酮扩链剂。本发明将高热稳定性的双二氮杂萘酮刚性稠环结构引入到聚氨酯分子链中,显著提高了聚氨酯弹性体的热分解温度,并且磷酸酯双二氮杂萘酮扩链剂含有磷酸酯阻燃结构,与二氮杂萘酮含氮杂环形成氮磷无卤阻燃剂,起到凝聚态阻燃效果,降低聚氨酯弹性体的总热释放量和热释放速率峰值,表现出优异的阻燃性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及聚氨酯技术领域,具体为一种无卤阻燃聚氨酯弹性体和制备工艺。
背景技术
聚氨酯弹性体具有很高的弹性、良好的力学强度和耐溶剂等性能,广泛应用于鞋材、管材、线缆、医药卫生等领域。通常聚氨酯弹性体由聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、二异氰酸酯、扩链剂等原料制备而成。其中聚醚类聚氨酯弹性体的耐低温性能、韧性、水解稳定性等性能更好。聚氨酯扩链剂主要有胺类扩链剂、醇类扩链剂等。目前的聚氨酯弹性体存在高温易分解,容易燃烧等缺陷,限制了聚氨酯弹性体在耐高温耐燃材料中的应用。
二氮杂萘酮类化合物具有刚性基团,高温结构稳定性很好,并且其含有活泼的亚氨基、羟基等,反应活性高,可以作为聚合单体,在聚氨酯、聚芳醚酮等材料有广泛的应用,可以改善聚氨酯等材料的耐高温、强度等性能。本发明旨在制备含有磷酸酯和二氮杂萘酮结构的二胺扩链剂,改善聚氨酯弹性体耐高温和阻燃性能。
发明内容
本发明解决了聚氨酯弹性体耐高温和阻燃性较差的问题。
本发明的技术方案:一种无卤阻燃聚氨酯弹性体,包括如下原料,摩尔比例为1:(2.4-2.8):(0.04-0.12):(0.0012-0.0017)的聚醚多元醇、甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯、磷酸酯双二氮杂萘酮扩链剂、催化剂。
进一步的,磷酸酯双二氮杂萘酮扩链剂的结构式为式(Ⅰ):
式(Ⅰ)。
进一步的,聚醚多元醇为聚乙二醇、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇、聚丙二醇中的任一种。
进一步的,催化剂为辛酸亚锡或二月桂酸二丁基锡。
进一步的,磷酸酯双二氮杂萘酮扩链剂的制备工艺包括以下步骤:
步骤(1)在冰水浴下,向甲苯中加入摩尔比例为1:(2.3-2.8):(3.2-4)的二氯磷酸苯酯、4-(4-羟基苯基)-2,3-二氮杂(4-硝基苯)萘-1-酮、吡啶,反应后过滤,滤液减压蒸馏,产物用石油醚洗涤,干燥,得到中间体1。
步骤(2)向乙醇中加入水合肼、质量比例为1:(0.12-0.16)的中间体1、Pd/C催化剂,混匀后进行反应,减压蒸馏,产物用石油醚洗涤,然后溶解到甲苯中,蒸发浓缩直至大量沉淀物析出,过滤,得到磷酸酯双二氮杂萘酮扩链剂。
进一步的,步骤(1)中反应在30-45℃的温度中进行18-36h。
进一步的,步骤(2)中反应在70-75℃的温度中进行12-15h。
进一步的,无卤阻燃聚氨酯弹性体的制备工艺:将干燥的聚醚多元醇、甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯混合,70-75℃中反应2-3h,然后将物料置于预热的模具中,并加入磷酸酯双二氮杂萘酮扩链剂、催化剂,搅拌混匀,110-120℃热固化1-2h,然后置于鼓风干燥机中,100-110℃硫化12-18h,最后室温下放置5-7天,得到无卤阻燃聚氨酯弹性体。
本发明的技术效果:本发明利用二氯磷酸苯酯、4-(4-羟基苯基)-2,3-二氮杂(4-硝基苯)萘-1-酮进行磷酸酯化反应,然后经过Pd/C催化剂还原,得到新型的磷酸酯双二氮杂萘酮扩链剂。
本发明以以磷酸酯二氮杂萘酮作为聚氨酯的二胺扩链剂,与聚四氢呋喃醚二醇等聚醚多元醇和甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯进行聚合反应,得到聚氨酯弹性体,将高热稳定性的双二氮杂萘酮刚性稠环结构引入到聚氨酯分子链中,显著提高了聚氨酯弹性体的热分解温度,达到323.1-339.8℃,耐高温性能很好。并且磷酸酯双二氮杂萘酮扩链剂含有磷酸酯阻燃结构,与二氮杂萘酮含氮杂环形成氮磷无卤阻燃剂,在高温下分解生成含氧磷酸和氮气等不可燃气体,可以促进聚氨酯弹性体脱水炭化,在弹性体表面形成具有隔热、隔氧的炭层结构,可以降低聚合物的高温分解速率,起到凝聚态阻燃效果,从而降低聚氨酯弹性体的总热释放量和热释放速率峰值,表现出优异的阻燃性能。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
向40mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中加入4mmol 4-(4-羟基苯基)-2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮()、4-硝基碘苯(/>)、4.2mmol碘化亚铜、8.4mmol碳酸铯,氮气气氛中,120℃的温度下反应12h,加入乙酸乙酯和氯化钠水溶液,萃取分离,乙酸乙酯有机相再加入蒸馏水,萃取分离,粗产物进行硅胶柱色谱分离,以石油醚:乙酸乙酯=6:1(体积比)的溶液作为洗脱液,得到4-(4-羟基苯基)-2,3-二氮杂(4-硝基苯)萘-1-酮。结构式为/>。
实施例1
(1)在冰水浴下,向60mL甲苯中加入5 mmol二氯磷酸苯酯、11.5 mmol的4-(4-羟基苯基)-2,3-二氮杂(4-硝基苯)萘-1-酮、20mmol吡啶,在35℃的温度中反应18h,过滤,滤液减压蒸馏,产物用石油醚洗涤,干燥,得到中间体1。称重,计算产率。反应式为:
(2)向100mL乙醇中加入4.5mL水合肼(质量分数为80%)、8g(9.35mmol)中间体1、0.96g Pd/C催化剂,混匀后75℃的温度中反应12h,减压蒸馏,产物用石油醚洗涤,然后溶解到甲苯中,蒸发浓缩直至大量沉淀物析出,过滤,得到磷酸酯双二氮杂萘酮扩链剂。称重,计算产率。反应式为:
实施例2
(1)在冰水浴下,向100mL甲苯中加入5 mmol二氯磷酸苯酯、14的mmol 4-(4-羟基苯基)-2,3-二氮杂(4-硝基苯)萘-1-酮、18mmol吡啶,在45℃的温度中反应18h,过滤,滤液减压蒸馏,产物用石油醚洗涤,干燥,得到中间体1。称重,计算产率。
(2)向100mL乙醇中加入3.5mL水合肼(质量分数为80%)、8g(9.35mmol)中间体1、1.28g Pd/C催化剂,混匀后70℃的温度中反应12h,减压蒸馏,产物用石油醚洗涤,然后溶解到甲苯中,蒸发浓缩直至大量沉淀物析出,过滤,得到磷酸酯双二氮杂萘酮扩链剂。称重,计算产率。
实施例3
(1)在冰水浴下,向80mL甲苯中加入5 mmol二氯磷酸苯酯、12.6的mmol 4-(4-羟基苯基)-2,3-二氮杂(4-硝基苯)萘-1-酮、20mmol吡啶,在30℃的温度中反应36h,过滤,滤液减压蒸馏,产物用石油醚洗涤,干燥,得到中间体1。称重,计算产率。
(2)向80mL乙醇中加入4mL水合肼(质量分数为80%)、8g(9.35mmol)中间体1、0.96gPd/C催化剂,混匀后70℃的温度中反应15h,减压蒸馏,产物用石油醚洗涤,然后溶解到甲苯中,蒸发浓缩直至大量沉淀物析出,过滤,得到磷酸酯双二氮杂萘酮扩链剂。称重,计算产率。
中间体1和磷酸酯双二氮杂萘酮扩链剂的产率如下表。
本发明利用二氯磷酸苯酯、4-(4-羟基苯基)-2,3-二氮杂(4-硝基苯)萘-1-酮进行磷酸酯化反应,得到中间体1,然后经过Pd/C催化剂还原,得到新型的磷酸酯双二氮杂萘酮扩链剂,产率达到69.1-76.3%。
实施例4
将干燥的100mmol聚四氢呋喃醚二醇、280mmol甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯混合,70℃中反应3h,然后将物料置于预热的模具(模具温度为110℃)中,并加入4 mmol磷酸酯双二氮杂萘酮扩链剂、0.12 mmol催化剂辛酸亚锡,搅拌混匀,120℃热固化1h,然后置于鼓风干燥机中,100℃硫化12h,最后室温下放置5天,得到无卤阻燃聚氨酯弹性体。
实施例5
将干燥的100mmol聚乙二醇、265mmol甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯混合,75℃中反应2h,然后将物料置于预热的模具(模具温度为110℃)中,并加入8 mmol磷酸酯双二氮杂萘酮扩链剂、0.17 mmol催化剂二月桂酸二丁基锡,搅拌混匀,110℃热固化2h,然后置于鼓风干燥机中,100℃硫化18h,最后室温下放置7天,得到无卤阻燃聚氨酯弹性体。
实施例6
将干燥的100mmol聚丙二醇、240mmol甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯混合,75℃中反应3h,然后将物料置于预热的模具(模具温度为110℃)中,并加入12 mmol磷酸酯双二氮杂萘酮扩链剂、0.17 mmol催化剂二月桂酸二丁基锡,搅拌混匀,120℃热固化1h,然后置于鼓风干燥机中,110℃硫化12h,最后室温下放置7天,得到无卤阻燃聚氨酯弹性体。
对比例1
将干燥的100mmol聚四氢呋喃醚二醇、280mmol甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯混合,70℃中反应3h,然后将物料置于预热的模具(模具温度为110℃)中,并加入4 mmol对苯二胺作为扩链剂、0.12 mmol催化剂辛酸亚锡,搅拌混匀,120℃热固化1h,然后置于鼓风干燥机中,100℃硫化12h,最后室温下放置5天,得到聚氨酯弹性体。
对比例2
将干燥的100mmol聚四氢呋喃醚二醇、280mmol甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯混合,70℃中反应3h,然后将物料置于预热的模具(模具温度为110℃)中,并加入4 mmol 4-(4-羟基苯基)-2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮()作为扩链剂、0.12 mmol催化剂辛酸亚锡,搅拌混匀,120℃热固化1h,然后置于鼓风干燥机中,100℃硫化12h,最后室温下放置5天,得到聚氨酯弹性体。
将聚氨酯弹性体制成1cm×1cm×0.5cm的试样,置于热重分析仪中,氮气作为测试气氛,从20℃升温至800℃,测试起始热分解温度(5%质量损失数)和残碳量。
聚氨酯弹性体制成10cm×10cm×0.2cm的试样,置于锥形量热仪中进行测试,热辐射功率为35kW/m2。
测试结果如表2所示。
本发明以磷酸酯二氮杂萘酮作为聚氨酯的二胺扩链剂,将高热稳定性的双二氮杂萘酮刚性稠环结构引入到聚氨酯分子链中,显著提高了聚氨酯弹性体的热分解温度,达到323.1-339.8℃,耐高温性能很好。并且磷酸酯双二氮杂萘酮扩链剂含有磷酸酯阻燃结构,与二氮杂萘酮含氮杂环形成氮磷无卤阻燃剂,在高温下分解生成含氧磷酸和氮气等不可燃气体,可以促进聚氨酯弹性体脱水炭化,在弹性体表面形成具有隔热、隔氧的炭层结构,可以降低聚合物的高温分解速率,起到凝聚态阻燃效果,从而降低聚氨酯弹性体的总热释放量和热释放速率峰值,表现出优异的阻燃性能。
对比例1以普通的对苯二胺作为聚氨酯弹性体的扩链剂,其不含有高热稳定性的双二氮杂萘酮刚性稠环结构,也不含有磷酸酯阻燃结构,没有形成氮磷无卤阻燃剂,聚氨酯弹性体的热分解温度较低,耐高温和阻燃性能较差。
对比例2以4-(4-羟基苯基)-2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮作为扩链剂,其含有高热稳定性的二氮杂萘酮刚性稠环,其热分解温度明显高于对比例1。但是与实施例1-3相比,4-(4-羟基苯基)-2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮仅含有一个二氮杂萘酮结构,而实施例的磷酸酯双二氮杂萘酮扩链剂含有双二氮杂萘酮结构,导致对比例2的聚氨酯弹性体的热分解温度低于实施例1-3,并且4-(4-羟基苯基)-2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮不含有磷酸酯阻燃结构,无法形成氮磷无卤阻燃剂,聚氨酯弹性体的总热释放量和热释放速率峰值较大,阻燃性能较差。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种无卤阻燃聚氨酯弹性体,其特征在于,所述无卤阻燃聚氨酯弹性体包括如下原料,摩尔比例为1:(2.4-2.8):(0.04-0.12):(0.0012-0.0017)的聚醚多元醇、甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯、磷酸酯双二氮杂萘酮扩链剂、催化剂;
所述磷酸酯双二氮杂萘酮扩链剂的结构式为式(Ⅰ):
式(Ⅰ)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的无卤阻燃聚氨酯弹性体,其特征在于,所述聚醚多元醇为聚乙二醇、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇、聚丙二醇中的任一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的无卤阻燃聚氨酯弹性体,其特征在于,所述催化剂为辛酸亚锡或二月桂酸二丁基锡。
4.根据权利要求1所述的无卤阻燃聚氨酯弹性体,其特征在于,所述磷酸酯双二氮杂萘酮扩链剂的制备工艺包括以下步骤:
步骤(1)在冰水浴下,向甲苯中加入二氯磷酸苯酯、4-(4-羟基苯基)-2,3-二氮杂(4-硝基苯)萘-1-酮、吡啶,反应后过滤,滤液减压蒸馏,洗涤,干燥,得到中间体1;
步骤(2)向乙醇中加入水合肼、中间体1、Pd/C催化剂,混匀后进行反应,减压蒸馏,产物用石油醚洗涤,然后溶解到甲苯中,蒸发浓缩析出沉淀物,过滤,得到磷酸酯双二氮杂萘酮扩链剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的无卤阻燃聚氨酯弹性体,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中二氯磷酸苯酯、4-(4-羟基苯基)-2,3-二氮杂(4-硝基苯)萘-1-酮、吡啶的摩尔比例为1:(2.3-2.8):(3.2-4)。
6.根据权利要求4所述的无卤阻燃聚氨酯弹性体,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中反应在30-45℃的温度中进行18-36h。
7.根据权利要求4所述的无卤阻燃聚氨酯弹性体,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中,中间体1、Pd/C催化剂的质量比例为1:(0.12-0.16)。
8.根据权利要求4所述的无卤阻燃聚氨酯弹性体,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中反应在70-75℃的温度中进行12-15h。
9.一种如权利要求1-8 任一项所述的无卤阻燃聚氨酯弹性体的制备工艺,其特征在于,将干燥的聚醚多元醇、甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯混合,70-75℃中反应2-3h,然后将物料置于预热的模具中,并加入磷酸酯双二氮杂萘酮扩链剂、催化剂,搅拌混匀,110-120℃热固化1-2h,然后置于鼓风干燥机中,100-110℃硫化12-18h,最后室温下放置5-7天,得到无卤阻燃聚氨酯弹性体。
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