CN118021918A - 防治血瘀证的精油组合物及其用途 - Google Patents
防治血瘀证的精油组合物及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明一种精油组合物,它是由郁金、川芎提取的芳香水为原料制备而成,其中原料组成为:郁金芳香水、川芎芳香水按原料药郁金、川芎计的配比范围为:1.0~10︰1.0~10.0。本发明提供了该精油组合物在制备用于改善家禽生长性能、提升肉质的饲料添加剂中的用途。
Description
本申请为申请号202311447601.2、申请日2023年11月2日、发明名称“防治血瘀证的精油组合物及其用途”的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及防治血瘀证的精油组合物。
背景技术
血瘀证是指经脉之血血行迟滞,郁积于经脉或器官之内呈凝滞状态,或血溢脉外不能及时消散和瘀滞于某一处引起的证候;是临床常见的症候状态,可见于多种疾病。
《素问·调经论》上说“人之所有者,血与气耳”。气属阳,主温煦;血属阴,主濡养。气与血,都主要源于脾胃化生的水谷精微。血行于脉,内流脏腑,外至肌肤,无处不到。血能生气、载气,血为气之母;气能生血、行血、摄血,气为血之帅。两者相互依存,相互滋生,共同维系并促进着生命活动。
血瘀不得畅行,或因于气,或因于邪,则经脉失于疏通,气机因之不利,气血失于调达和畅,导致血结不行,不通则痛。如可因情志不畅,气机不利,腹中气聚,时结时散,终而血行不畅,瘀血内结,则腹内积块,从无到有,由小渐大;又如正气亏虚,脏腑失调,因饮食情志等引起痰浊内聚于血脉,导致脂质代谢紊乱,痰浊黏滞于血脉之内,留而不去,凝结成块,继而导致气血运行受阻,瘀血内生,血中精微物质难以充养血府,血府枯涩,血脉不再柔顺,加之痰瘀附着,导致动脉粥样硬化。再如,风寒湿侵入人体,导致气血不畅,经脉失和,发为风寒湿痹,日久致瘀血内结,以致关节肿大畸形、皮下结节,成为久痹、尪痹。因此血瘀与腰腿痛、痛经、高血压、高血脂、冠心病、肿瘤等多种疾病形成有关。根据中医“异病同治”思想,不同疾病出现血瘀证,均可采用活血化瘀治法进行治疗。
中药挥发油又称中药精油,是芳香中药不可缺少的有效成分,通常具有很强的药理活性,多芳香辛散温通,可行气活血、通经活络。挥发油分子细微,挥发性高,脂溶性强,容易穿过体内生物膜,生物利用度高,能快速吸收起效。研究发现,芳香精油可通过胃肠吸收、局部皮肤外用、经鼻、口腔黏膜等途径迅速作用于身体特定部位,用于疾病的防治,适用于血瘀证的防治。
申请号:CN202011179271.X,发明名称:改善心血管问题的复方精油中药组合物及制备方法、应用,公开了改善心血管问题的复方精油中药组合物及制备方法、应用,该中药组合物包含如下重量配比的组分:川芎精油1份-20份、当归精油1份-15份、苏合香精油1份-10份、乳香精油5份-15份、没药精油5份-15份、肉桂精油1份-10份、降香精油2份-20份、郁金精油3份-20份、香附精油3份-15份、檀香精油1份-10份、安息香精油5份-25份、石菖蒲精油3份-10份、缬草精油1份-8份、薰衣草精油5份-20份、冰片3份-15份、基础油95份-100份。本发明所述的复方精油含有处方:川芎精油、当归精油、苏合香精油、乳香精油、没药精油、肉桂精油、降香精油等成分,在特定的用量下配合使用后,能够有效改善心率,具有保护心脏的作用。该配方虽然将诸多中药精油组合使用,但作用单一,仅用于改善心血管问题,且精油种类和用量多,成本高。
发明内容
本发明的技术方案是提供了一种防治血瘀证的精油组合物。本发明的另一技术方案是提供了该组合物的用途。
本发明提供了一种防治血瘀证的精油组合物,它是由郁金、川芎提取的精油或芳香水为原料制备而成,其中原料组成为:
郁金精油1.0~10.0份、川芎精油1.0~10份;
郁金芳香水、川芎芳香水按原料药郁金、川芎计的配比范围为:1.0~10︰1.0~10.0。
进一步优选地,它是由下述重量配比的原料组成:
郁金精油5.0份、川芎精油5.0份;
或
郁金芳香水、川芎芳香水按原料药郁金、川芎计的配比范围为:1.0︰1.0。
本发明提供了一种防治血瘀证的精油组合物,原料中含有所述的精油组合物、桂花精油,其重量配比为:郁金精油1.0~10.0份、川芎精油1.0~10份、桂花精油0.1~1.0份。
进一步优选地,所述的原料的重量配比为:
郁金精油5.0份、川芎精油5.0份、桂花精油0.3份。
本发明还提供了一种防治血瘀证的精油组合物,原料中含有所述的精油组合物、当归精油、香附精油,其重量配比为:
郁金精油1.0~10.0份、川芎精油1.0~10份、当归精油0.5~5.0份、香附精油0.5~5.0份。
进一步优选地,所述的原料的重量配比为:郁金精油5.0份、川芎精油5.0份、当归精油2.0份、香附精油2.0份。
本发明提供了一种防治血瘀证的精油组合物,原料中含有所述的精油组合物、当归精油、香附精油、艾叶精油,其重量配比为:
郁金精油1.0~10.0份、川芎精油1.0~10份、桂花精油0.1~1.0份、当归精油0.5~5.0份、香附精油0.5~5.0份、艾叶精油0.2~2.0份。
进一步优选地,所述的原料的重量配比为:郁金精油5.0份、川芎精油5.0份、桂花精油0.3份、当归精油2.0份、香附精油2.0份、艾叶精油0.5份。
本发明还提供了一种防治血瘀证的组合物,它是由所述的组合物为活性成分,加入药品、保健品、食品、日用品中可接受的辅料或辅助性成分,制备成常用的制剂;所述的制剂是口服制剂、吸入制剂、外用制剂;所述的外用制剂给药方式包括外用涂抹给药、按摩给药、穴位给药。
本发明还提供了所述的精油组合物在制备防治血瘀证的药品、保健品、食品、日用品中的用途。
其中,所述的药物是防治气虚血瘀型中风、心绞痛合并高血脂症、膝关节炎、缓解原发性痛经症状的药物;或所述的保健品是辅助降血脂、辅助降血压、缓解体力疲劳的保健品。
本发明还提供了所述的精油组合物在制备用于改善家禽生长性能、提升肉质的饲料添加剂中的用途。
本发明原料组方中,川芎精油性温味辛,上行达于颠顶,下行入于血海,活血行气、祛风止痛,被古人誉为“血中之气药”。可保护血管内皮细胞,明显扩张冠状动脉,抑制平滑肌的异常增殖,保护心肌细胞免受损伤,降低血中的三酰甘油,可明显发挥降血脂及抗动脉粥样硬化的作用。郁金精油味辛性苦寒,能行散通经,清解热邪,活血止痛、行气解郁,能活血化瘀行气凉血。可行血停滞,通过降低血液粘稠度,抑制血小板聚集、抗血栓形成和舒张血管,促进血液循环。当归精油活血补血、调经止痛,可以促进血红蛋白和血红细胞的生成;保护心脑血管、扩张冠状动脉,增加冠脉血流量及降低血脂。桂花精油可活血理气定痛、散瘀化痰、温中散寒,可降低血压、提高免疫、促进新陈代谢、对疲倦、头痛、生理痛等有缓解作用。香附精油疏肝行气、调经止痛,与川芎精油配伍既可行气又可活血,共助气机调畅。艾叶精油理气血、逐寒湿、温经通络止痛,可改善局部循环,增强免疫。
以上精油配伍科学,相互协同,具有活血化瘀、补血行气、通络止痛的功效。可有效防治血瘀导致的多种疾病,安全性高,使用方便,气味芳香,病患依从性高。复方精油气味柔和,层次丰富,对血瘀引起的心血管疾病、风湿病痛、痛经等有显著疗效。复方精油能显著改善和治疗气虚血瘀型中风神经功能缺损情况,改善高血脂症血脂指标,改善治疗心绞痛症状、减少心绞痛发作次数及持续时间,缓解膝骨关节炎的疼痛程度、改善膝关节功能,改善治疗痛经症状。可用作为药品、保健品、饲料添加剂、日化品等。
具体实施方式
实施例1本发明精油组合物中原料提取及配制
本发明组方中,郁金、川芎全植株采用水蒸气蒸馏法或重蒸馏法提取精油及芳香水。其余单方精油采用水蒸气蒸馏法、分子蒸馏法、超临界CO2提取法、浸泡法、萃取法、重蒸馏法等提取法提取。
郁金精油及芳香水采用重蒸馏法提取:郁金全植株切碎,粉碎为粗粉。取郁金植株粗粉5kg,加10倍水,浸泡0.5h,加热煮沸,回流冷凝收集蒸馏水至20L停止加热,蒸馏水重蒸馏,回流冷凝收集重蒸馏水至10L停止加热,将蒸馏水冷藏24h后,油水分离,收集郁金精油及芳香水。
川芎精油及芳香水提取同郁金。
艾叶精油、当归精油、香附精油采用水蒸气蒸馏法实验室自提。将当归、香附药材破碎、艾叶切碎后置于挥发油提取罐中,水蒸气蒸馏2~4h,静置一段时间待油水分离器中油和水分离,收集挥发油。
桂花精油采用低温萃取和蒸馏法结合的方式提取,购买于成都芳之源生物技术有限公司。
按照如下配方制成复方精油:
复方精油1:郁金精油1.0~10.0份、川芎精油1.0~10份;优选配伍比为:郁金精油5.0份、川芎精油5.0份
复方精油2:郁金精油1.0~10.0份、川芎精油1.0~10份、桂花精油0.1~1.0份;优选配伍比为:郁金精油5.0份、川芎精油5.0份、桂花精油0.3份
复方精油3:郁金精油1.0~10.0份、川芎精油1.0~10份、当归精油0.5~5.0份、香附精油0.5~5.0份;优选配伍比为:郁金精油5.0份、川芎精油5.0份、当归精油2.0份、香附精油2.0份
复方精油4:郁金精油1.0~10.0份、川芎精油1.0~10份、桂花精油0.1~1.0份、当归精油0.5~5.0份、香附精油0.5~5.0份、艾叶精油0.2~2.0份;优选配方比:郁金精油5.0份、川芎精油5.0份、桂花精油0.3份、当归精油2.0份、香附精油2.0份、艾叶精油0.5份
精油组合物中各组分进行配伍时,其用量的选择需要综合考虑配伍后的疗效以及配伍后精油的气味、性状、安全性、刺激性等因素。川芎精油,前调药香味浓郁,加入量过多,复配后的精油香气前调愉悦感会降低;艾叶精油含有α-侧柏酮,有神经毒性,用量过大会产生神经抑制作用;香附精油加入量过大会影响复配后精油的澄明度。
功效预试验进行川芎、郁金精油配伍比例筛选,川芎、郁金精油比例的分别为3:1、1:1、1:3,川芎、郁金精油比例为1:1时气虚血瘀模型动物的活动情况、精神状态、爪甲毛色等表现状态恢复情况最好,为1:3时最差。进行游泳力竭实验,川芎、郁金精油比例为1:1时持续游泳的时间最长,比例为1:3时持续游泳时间最短。
以下通过药效学或临床试验证明本发明的有益效果。
试验例1本发明精油组合物对气虚血瘀大鼠的影响
采用高脂饮食联合游泳力竭复合因素诱导复制气虚血瘀大鼠模型。采用酶标仪比色法测定血清TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C含量;ELISA法测定血清NO、SOD、TXB2含量;自动血流变测试仪测全血黏度、血浆黏度。
1复制气虚血瘀大鼠模型
高脂饲料(配方:胆固醇2%,猪油15%,蛋黄粉15%和基础饲料68%)喂养大鼠4周后进行游泳力竭实验2周,大鼠于16~18℃水温的水池中进行游泳至力竭(大鼠出现自然沉降,鼻尖没入水中10s停止),力竭游泳期间维持高脂饲养。
大鼠出现毛发暗淡干燥易脱落、活动度下降、精神不振、舌质暗红或淡紫、眼球暗红、尾部青斑、爪甲紫暗或皮下瘀紫等血瘀症状,造模成功。
2实验分组与给药方法
SPF级SD雄性大鼠120只,体重200±2g,实验室适养3d,随机分为空白组、模型组、郁金芳香水组、川芎芳香水组、复方芳香水组(郁金-川芎5:5)、郁金精油组、川芎精油组、复方精油1组(郁金精油-川芎精油5:5)、复方精油2组(郁金精油-川芎精油-桂花精油5:5:0.3)、复方精油3组(郁金精油-川芎精油-当归精油-香附精油5:5:2:2)、复方精油4组(郁金精油-川芎精油-桂花精油-当归精油-香附精油-艾叶精油5:5:0.3:2:2:0.5)、阳性药阿托伐他汀组,每组10只。
空白组大鼠正常喂养,模型组、实验组的大鼠按照上述方法制备气虚血瘀大鼠模型。造模后,所有大鼠正常喂养,空白组、模型组灌胃2.0%吐温水;芳香水组灌胃芳香水,精油组用2.0%吐温水稀释为5.0mg/ml的药液,阳性药阿托伐他汀组用2.0%吐温水溶解为0.2mg/ml的药液,所有组别按10.0ml/kg剂量灌胃,每天灌胃1次。给药后2周麻醉,腹主动脉取血两管,一管用于血清TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、NO、SOD、TXB2含量测定,一管用于全血黏度、血浆黏度测定。
3对气虚血瘀大鼠的影响实验结果及结论
模型组与空白组比较,大鼠血清TC、TG、LDL-C含量显著升高,HDL-C含量显著降低(P<0.01)。给药14d后,复方芳香水组、精油组、阳性药物阿托伐他汀与模型组比较,血清TC、TG、LDL-C含量显著降低(P<0.01);复方精油组及阿托伐他汀HDL-C含量明显升高(P<0.05)。与阳性药物组比较,复方精油1、复方精油2、复方精油3与阳性药物无明显差异,复方精油4优于阳性药物。两单方精油比较,郁金精油略优于川芎精油。结果见表1。
表1芳香水及精油对气虚血瘀大鼠血清TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C含量的影响
与模型组相比,*P<0.05,**P<0.01;与空白组相比,#P<0.05,##P<0.01;
与阿托伐他汀相比,&P<0.05,&&P<0.01。
模型组与空白组比较,大鼠血清TXB2含量显著升高,NO、SOD含量显著降低(P<0.01)。给药14d后,复方芳香水组、精油组、阳性药物阿托伐他汀与模型组比较,血清TXB2含量明显降低(P<0.05),NO含量明显升高(P<0.05);复方精油组及阿托伐他汀SOD含量明显升高(P<0.05)。与阳性药物组比较,复方精组与阳性药组无明显差异。两单方精油比较,川芎精油略优于郁金精油结果见表2。
表2芳香水及精油对气虚血瘀大鼠血清TXB2、NO、SOD含量的影响
与模型组相比,*P<0.05,**P<0.01;与空白组相比,#P<0.05,##P<0.01;
与阿托伐他汀相比,&P<0.05,&&P<0.01。
模型组与空白组比较,大鼠全血黏度、血浆黏度显著升高(P<0.01)。给药14d后,精油组、阳性药物阿托伐他汀与模型组比较,全血黏度、血浆黏度明显降低(P<0.05)。与阳性药物组比较,复方精油2、复方精油3、复方精油4与阳性药组无明显差异。结果见表3。
表3芳香水及精油对气虚血瘀大鼠全血黏度、血浆黏度的影响
与模型组相比,*P<0.05,**P<0.01;与空白组相比,#P<0.05,##P<0.01;
与阿托伐他汀相比,&P<0.05,&&P<0.01。
川芎、郁金芳香水及精油对血脂异常有调节作用,通过降低TXB2含量、升高NO、SOD含量对心血管有保护作用。精油效果优于芳香水,两者配伍合用效果增强。
试验例2本发明芳香水组合物对家禽生长性能及肉质的影响
采用以芳香水代替饮用水正常喂养肉鸡的方式进行,采用日均采食量、平均日增量及料重比评价对生长性能的影响,屠宰率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率、腹脂率评价屠宰性能的影响,pH45min值、pH24h值、滴水损失率、肌肉色泽、剪切力评价对肉质的影响。
1实验分组及饲养方式
实验于成都市某肉鸡养殖场进行,选取健康情况良好,体重为40±2g的1日龄AA肉鸡雏鸡240羽,公鸡、母鸡各半。随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复10羽。试验期42d,实验鸡自由采食和饮水,对照组饮喂饮用水,实验组分别饮喂川芎芳香水、郁金芳香水及复方芳香水(以原料药用量计:川芎:郁金1:1),饲养管理按《肉鸡饲养手册》进行。
2 测定指标及方法
2.1 生长性能
试验期间每日观察肉鸡健康状况,每天准确记录投料量和剩料量。分别于1和42日龄空腹称重(前一晚停料不停水),计算平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)和料重比(F/G)。
日均采食量=(投料量-剩料量)/(鸡数×饲养天数);
平均日增质量=(终末体质量-初始体质量)/(鸡数×饲养天数);
料肉比=日采食量/日增重量。
2.2屠宰性能
42日龄试验结束时,每只鸡空腹称重,从每个重复选取与平均体重相近的公鸡母鸡各1只,去羽毛、脚角质层、趾壳和喙壳后称屠体重,将腹脂分离并称重;去除所有内脏(只留肾脏)后称全净膛重;迅速剖离胸肌和腿肌称重并置于碎冰上。计算屠宰率、全净膛率、腹脂率、胸肌率、腿肌率。
屠宰率(%)=屠体重/宰前体重×100%
全净膛率(%)=全净膛重/宰前体重×100%
腹脂率(%)=腹脂重/宰前体重×100%
胸肌率(%)=胸肌重/全净膛重×100%
腿肌率(%)=腿净肌肉重/全净膛重×100%
2.3肉质性状
采用肌肉颜色测定仪测定左侧胸肌肌肉色泽[亮度(L*)、红度(a*)、黄度(b*)];pH值直测仪测定宰后45min右侧胸肌pH45min值,取部分置于PE保鲜塑料袋并封口4℃保存24h后测定pH24h值,滴水损失率。质构仪测定胸肌肌肉剪切力。
3对生长性能的影响
与对照组比较,实验组日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)无明显差异,复方芳香水组料重比(F/G)明显降低(P<0.05)。结果见表4。
表4芳香水对肉鸡生长性能的影响
与对照组相比,*P<0.05,**P<0.01
4对屠宰性能的影响
与对照组比较,实验组屠宰率无明显差异;郁金芳香水组胸肌率明显升高、腹脂率明显下降(P<0.05);复方芳香水组全净膛率、腿肌率明显升高(P<0.05),胸肌率显著升高,腹脂率显著降低(P<0.01)。结果见表5。
表5芳香水对肉鸡屠宰性能的影响
与对照组相比,*P<0.05,**P<0.01
5对肉质性能的影响
胸肌pH值随保鲜时间的延长而降低,与pH45min相比,pH24h显著降低,与对照组比较,实验组pH值下降值小于对照组,实验组胸肌pH值更稳定;与对照组比较,实验组胸肌pH值有升高趋势,复方芳香水组pH45min值明显升高(P<0.05),实验组pH24h显著升高(P<0.01);滴水损失率呈降低趋势,芳香水组明显降低(P<0.05);肌肉剪切力呈降低趋势,无明显差异;肌肉色泽亮度呈增加趋势,无明显差异,红度呈增加趋势,复方芳香水组pH45min值明显增加(P<0.05),黄度呈减少趋势,无明显差异。结果见表6。
表6芳香水对肉鸡屠宰性能的影响
试验例3本发明精油组合物的临床疗效
1气虚血瘀型中风的治疗作用
按照复方精油4制备香薰精油,每天雾化香薰吸入2次,每次30min,评价对气虚血瘀型中风症状的改善或治疗效果。
1.1选取成都某医院2021年1月-2022年12月诊治的气虚血瘀型中风患者40例。男性患者24例,女性患者16例;年龄42~71岁,平均年龄57.95±8.29岁;发病时间0.5~20h,平均时间9.45±5.47h;合并动脉粥样硬化患者6例,高血压患者8例。随机分为对照组和观察组,每组20例,两组患者性别、年龄、病程及病情等一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2诊断标准
参照《中国脑血管病防治指南》、《中国脑血管疾病分类2015》中缺血性脑卒中的相关诊断标准;《中药新药临床研究指导原则(试行)》中气虚血瘀型中风的相关诊断标准,主症:口舌歪斜、半身不遂、言语謇涩或不语、感觉减退或消失、神昏痰鸣;次症:手足肿胀、眩晕耳鸣、自汗出、舌质黯淡、舌苔白腻或有齿痕、脉沉细或细缓或细弦。
1.3纳入标准
①符合上述诊断标准者;②经CT或MRI影像学检查确诊者;③患者及家属签署知情同意书。
1.4排除标准
①合并出血性脑卒中者;②合并恶性肿瘤者;③存在精神疾病史者;④对本研究用药过敏或治疗依从性差者。
1.5给药方法
患者入院后均接受吸氧、降颅压、抗感染、抗血小板聚集等常规西药治疗,同时进行降血脂、降血压等对症治疗。对照组口服阿司匹林肠溶片,100mg/次,3次/d;阿托伐他汀钙片,20mg/次,1次/d。观察组使用复方精油4,每次5滴(精油用量约0.25g)雾化香薰吸入30min,早中晚各一次。连续4周为一疗程。
在治疗前后采用《脑卒中患者临床神经功能缺损程度评分标准》对神经功能缺损情况进行评估,神经功能缺损评分(Neurological function deficit scale,NFDS)
分值越高表示患者症状越差。NFDS包括意识、水平凝视力、面瘫、言语、上肢肌力、手肌力、下肢肌力、行走能力8项,每项根据患者表现或完成程度分别对应0~9分,总分范围为0~45分,总分>30分为重型,16~30为中型,<16分为轻型。具体评分细则见附表一。
1.6疗效判断标准
神经功能缺损改善情况用NFDS降幅表示,采用NFDS降幅评价疗效。
NFDS降幅=[(治疗前评分—治疗后评分)÷治疗前评分]×100%。
评定标准:①痊愈:NFDS降幅≥90%;②显效:40%≤NFDS降幅<90%;③有效:18%≤NFDS降幅<40%;④无效,NFDS降幅<18%。
2、对气虚血瘀型中风的疗效
观察组能改善气虚血瘀型中风神经功能缺损情况,NFDS值降低,与对照组比较,NFDS值无明显差异,但治愈率、显效率、总有效率更高,精油的效果优于阿司匹林肠溶片联合阿托伐他汀钙片。结果见表7。
表7对气虚血瘀型中风的疗效
与治疗前相比,*P<0.05,**P<0.01;与对照相比,▲P<0.05,▲▲P<0.01
2心绞痛合并高血脂症的治疗作用
按照复方精油4制备香薰精油,每天雾化香薰吸入2次,每次30min,评价对心绞痛合并高血脂症的改善或治疗效果。
2.1选取成都某医院2021年9月-2023年3月确诊的心绞痛合并高血症的患者60例,男性患者28例,女性患者32例,年龄39~66岁。随机分为对照组和观察组,每组30例,两组患者性别、年龄、病程及病情等一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
2.2纳入标准
患者均存在心绞痛合并高脂血症临床症状标准;血清TC高于5.72mmol/L、TG高于2.6mmol/L、LDL-C高于3.64mmol/L;心绞痛在休息时也可发生,疼痛时间持续20min以上,呈进行性加重。排除继发性高血脂者、CK或ALT水平超高者。
2.3给药方式
对照组采取口服5mg/d瑞舒伐他汀联合100mg/d非诺贝特治疗。观察组在对照组药物的基础上使用复方精油4,每次5滴(约0.25g)雾化香薰吸入30min,早中晚各一次。连续治疗三个月。
2.4观察指标及疗效判断
①观察治疗前后两组血脂指标变化及3个月内冠脉心脏病发生率;②治疗效果:心绞痛症状消失、血脂指标正常为显效;心绞痛发作次数及持续时间减少、血脂指标改善为有效;未达到上述指标为无效。③药物不良反应,包括ALT升高、胃肠道症状等。
2.5对心绞痛合并高血脂症的疗效
治疗后TC、TG、LDL-C含量均明显下降,两组无明显差异;与对照组比较,观察组治疗有效率明显高于对照组,随访3个月内冠脉心脏病发生率明显低于对照组,不良反应率低于对照组。结果表8。
表8对心绞痛合并高血脂症的疗效
3膝关节炎的治疗作用
复方精油4与基础按摩油混合制备按摩精油,每天精油按摩吸收2次,每次按摩精油用量2~5ml,每次20min,评价对关节炎疼痛、肿胀、僵直等症状及膝关节功能的改善效果。
3.1选取成都某医院2022年6月至2022年12月诊治的膝骨关节炎病例70例。其中男32例,女38例;年龄48~73岁,平均年龄58.33±7.37岁;病程6个月~10年,平均病程5.13±2.10年。随机分为对照组和观察组,每组35例,两组患者性别、年龄、病程及病情等一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
3.2诊断标准
参照《中国骨关节炎诊疗指南》(2021年版)膝骨关节炎相关诊断标准拟定:符合下述第1条及另外4条中的任意2条者可诊断为膝骨关节炎:(1)近1个月内膝关节反复疼痛;(2)X线片(站立位或负重位)结果提示:关节间隙变窄、关节缘骨赘形成、软骨下骨硬化和(或)囊性变;(3)年龄≥45岁;(4)晨僵≤30min;(5)活动时有骨摩擦音(感)。
3.3纳入标准
①符合上述诊断标准者;②年龄在45~75岁之间;③近3个月内未进行糖皮质激素、非甾体抗炎药等药物治疗;④自愿参加本研究并签署知情同意书的患者。
3.4排除标准
①有心、肝、肾功能障碍者;②伴有重度骨质疏松;③有新发急性骨折未愈;④膝局部存在伤后或结核、感染等;⑤妊娠和哺乳期妇女;⑥消化道活动性溃疡、药物过敏者;
3.5给药方式
对照组予以洛索洛芬钠治疗,60mg/次,2次/d。观察组在此基础上予以按摩精油涂敷于膝关节处,用大小鱼际和掌面按揉膝盖,拇、食指以适中的力度在膝关节两侧进行前后移动性指揉(外膝眼、内膝眼),每天2次,每次用量2~5ml,每次20min,连续用药4周。
3.6观察指标及疗效判断
采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)、Lysholm膝关节评分量表(LKSS)和骨关节炎指数评分(WOMAC)评估疼痛程度和膝关节功能情况。
VAS评分与疼痛程度成正比,分值越高疼痛程度越重。0分为无痛;1~3分为轻度疼痛,有疼痛但可忍受,不影响正常生活,睡眠无干扰;4~6分为中度疼痛,疼痛明显,较难忍受,影响正常生活,睡眠受干扰;7~9分为重度疼痛,疼痛严重,极难忍受,严重影响正常生活,睡眠受严重干扰可伴自主神经紊乱或被动体位。10分为剧烈疼痛,无法忍受,无法正常生活和睡眠。
LKSS评分共包括交锁、跛行、肿胀、疼痛、支撑、不稳定、爬楼梯、下蹲等8个方面,满分100分,分值越高膝关节功能越好,评分低于70分说明膝关节功能已明显受到影响,具体评分细则见附表二。
WOMAC评分共包括功能评定、疼痛评定和僵直评定等3个方面,共24个问题,每项情况的评分标准为:0分-没有;1分-轻微;2分-中度;3分-非常;4分-极端;分别为:①疼痛感—平地上走路时、上下楼梯时、睡觉时、坐起或者躺下以及站立时;②僵直感—晨起醒来时及以后时间内坐、卧时或休息后;③关节功能障碍—上楼时、下楼时、从座位上站起来时、站立时、向前弯腰时、平地行走时、上下汽车时、购物时、穿袜时、起床时、脱袜时、卧床时、沐浴时、坐着时、上厕所时、干重体力家务活时、干轻体力家务活时。分值越高膝关节功能越差。
将患者的WOMAC总积分参照尼莫地平法即“改善指数=(治疗前症状积分-治疗后症状积分)/治疗前症状积分”为公式计算。①显效:膝关节功能改善指数≥0.75;②有效:0.5≤膝关节功能改善指数<0.75;③好转:0.25≤膝关节功能改善指数<0.5;④无效,膝关节功能改善指数<0.25。
3.7对膝骨关节炎的疗效
治疗后,两组患者症状和体征均有明显改善,VAS、WOMAC评分均降低,LKSS评分升高;与对照组比较,观察组VAS评分降低、WOMAC评分明显降低(P<0.05),LKSS评分显著升高(P<0.01),显效率、有效率、总有效率更高。结果见表9、表10。
表9对膝骨关节炎疼痛程度和膝关节功能的影响
与治疗前相比,*P<0.05,**P<0.01;与对照相比,▲P<0.05,▲▲P<0.01
表10对膝骨关节炎的疗效
4原发性痛经的缓解治疗作用
复方精油4制备成肚脐精油贴,肚脐(神阙穴)给药,于月经来潮前7d(黄酮期)贴于肚脐处,每次一贴,每贴4h,直至月经来潮,评价对痛经的改善效果。
3.4.1选取成都某医院2022年1月~2022年9月确诊为原发性痛经患者80例。年龄16~30岁,平均年龄(25.41±3.64)岁;病程2~26个月,平均病程(15.57±6.93)个月;月经周期21~35d,平均(28.21±6.87)d。
4.2纳入标准①符合《妇产科学》原发性痛经的诊断标准,经检查确诊为原发性痛经;②年龄16~30岁;③既往1个月内无相关治疗史,自愿参加并签署知情同意书。
4.3排除标准①器质性病变等其他原因所致的继发性痛经患者;②合并子宫内膜异位症、宫颈癌等妇科疾病者;③合并凝血功能障碍或严重器质性病变者;
④近3个月有生育计划的患者;⑤认知功能障碍,不能配合研究者。
4.4给药方式取肚脐精油贴,肚脐(神阙穴)给药,于月经来潮前7d(黄酮期)贴于肚脐处,每次一贴,每贴4h,直至月经来潮。
4.5疗效标准
参照《中药新药临床研究指导原则》。痊愈:腹痛及其他症状完全消失,随访3个月未复发;显效:腹痛及其他症状明显好转,随访3个月未加重;有效:腹痛其他症状有所改善;无效:腹痛及其他症状无改变。
4.6对原发性痛经的疗效
复方精油对痛经腹痛及其他症状均有较好的改善治疗作用,使用复方精油后,对痛经的治愈率为42.50%,显效率为31.25%,有效率为20.00%,总有效率为93.75%,结果见表11。
表11对原发性痛经的疗效
附表一临床神经功能缺损程度评分标准
附表二Lysholm膝关节评分量表
Claims (3)
1.一种精油组合物,其特征在于:它是由郁金、川芎提取的芳香水为原料制备而成,其中原料组成为:
郁金芳香水、川芎芳香水按原料药郁金、川芎计的配比范围为:1.0~10︰1.0~10.0。
2.根据权利要求1所述的精油组合物,其特征在于:它是由下述重量配比的原料组成:
郁金芳香水、川芎芳香水按原料药郁金、川芎计的配比为:1.0︰1.0。
3.权利要求1或2所述的精油组合物在制备用于改善家禽生长性能、提升肉质的饲料添加剂中的用途。
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