CN118021886A - 大青叶水提取物在制备抗幽门螺杆菌产品中的应用 - Google Patents
大青叶水提取物在制备抗幽门螺杆菌产品中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于中药技术领域,具体涉及大青叶水提取物在制备抗幽门螺杆菌产品中的应用。本发明从大青叶干燥叶子中分离得到大青叶水提取物,经研究发现,大青叶提取物对幽门螺杆菌抗生素敏感株和耐药株均具有很强的抑制作用,且与克拉霉素联用在部分耐药临床株中表现出相加作用,可用于抗幽门螺杆菌产品的制备中。同时,大青叶是常用的清热解毒药,具有抑制和杀死病原微生物、提高机体免疫力等作用,作用温和,耐药发生率低,不良反应少,患者服药依从性好,尤其适用于幽门螺杆菌感染者。本发明拓宽了临床常用的清热解毒中药大青叶的应用领域,为幽门螺杆菌的治疗提供了新的方向。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药技术领域,具体涉及大青叶水提取物在制备抗幽门螺杆菌产品中的应用。
背景技术
幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)是一种螺旋状的、微需氧的革兰氏阴性杆菌,较强的感染能力使其在全球感染率高达50%,Hp感染与慢性活动性胃炎、胃十二指肠溃疡、胃黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤、胃癌等多种消化系统疾病密切相关。目前,针对Hp感染的常规治疗是抗生素三联或四联疗法,但随着抗生素的滥用,Hp对抗生素的耐药率不断升高,导致Hp感染治疗的常规抗生素疗法根除率不断下降,不良反应越来越多。因此,寻找Hp感染的非抗生素替代疗法迫在眉睫,而中药在Hp感染治疗方面具有重要的潜力,也是当前研究的热点。
大青叶(Isatis tinctoria subsp.Tinctoria)为十字花科植物菘蓝(Isatisindigotica Fort.)的干燥叶,其采集方法为:夏、秋二季分2~3次采收,除去杂质,略洗,切碎,干燥即得。大青叶具有清热解毒、凉血消斑的功效,临床上用于治疗各种病毒性流行感冒、流行性腮腺炎和病毒性肝炎等感染性疾病,大青叶既可单味应用,又可配合柴胡、银花、连翘、板蓝根、玄参、生地等进行应用,能够清解气分、营分的热毒。大青叶首载于《名医别录》,言其能“疗时气头痛、大热、口疮”、“蓝叶汁,杀百药毒,解狼毒、射罔毒”。《本草纲目》载,大青叶“主热毒痢、黄疸、喉痹、丹毒”。此外,还有许多研究表明,大青叶具有抗流感病毒、抗腮腺炎病毒、抗免疫增强、抗肿瘤和抗炎等作用。然而,目前还没有关于大青叶单味药用于抗幽门螺杆菌的报道。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的不足,本发明从大青叶干燥叶子中分离得到大青叶水提取物,经过大量研究发现,大青叶水提取物对幽门螺杆菌抗生素敏感株和耐药株均具有很强的抑制作用,且与克拉霉素联用在部分耐药临床株中表现出相加作用,在抗幽门螺杆菌中表现出重要的应用前景。
为了实现上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案是:
本发明第一方面提供了大青叶水提取物在制备抗幽门螺杆菌产品中的应用。
本发明从大青叶干燥叶子中分离得到大青叶水提取物,通过实验发现,大青叶水提取物对幽门螺杆菌抗生素敏感株和耐药株均具有很强的抑制作用,与克拉霉素联用,在部分耐药临床株中表现出相加作用,有望用于抗幽门螺杆菌产品的制备中。
优选地,所述大青叶水提取物通过破坏幽门螺杆菌的细胞膜而发挥抗幽门螺杆菌作用。
优选地,所述大青叶水提取物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1、将大青叶叶子打碎至粉末状,再往大青叶粉末中加入8-12倍量的水中浸泡30-60min;
S2、将含有大青叶的水浸液置于80-100℃下水浴回流提取0.5-3h,收集滤液;
S3、将滤液蒸发浓缩至浸膏状,再干燥至固体粉末,即得。
更优选地,S1中,所述大青叶叶子为十字花科植物菘蓝的叶经而干燥制成。
更优选地,S1中,将大青叶叶子打碎至粉末状后,过30-50目筛后再水浸。
更优选地,S2中,所述水浴回流提取共重复2-5次,合并滤液。
优选地,所述抗幽门螺杆菌产品包括(但不限于)药物或预防保健品。
优选地,所述抗幽门螺杆菌产品的剂型包括(但不限于)粉剂、颗粒剂、注射液、胶囊、片剂或口服液,可以是药学领域可接受的任一剂型。
本发明第二方面提供了一种抗幽门螺杆菌的药物,所述药物包括大青叶水提取物和克拉霉素。
优选地,所述幽门螺杆菌包括耐药株ATCC 43504和SS1菌株。
优选地,所述药物还包括药学上可接受的辅料。
更优选地,所述辅料为制剂领域中可得到的功能性辅料,包括表面活性剂、助悬剂、乳化剂以及一些新型药用高分子材料,如环糊精、壳聚糖、聚乳酸(PLA)、聚乙醇酸聚乳酸共聚物(PLGA)、透明质酸等。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明的大青叶水提取物具有多成分、多途径、多靶点的优点,对幽门螺杆菌抗生素敏感株和耐药株均具有很强的抑制作用,且与克拉霉素联用在部分耐药临床株中表现出相加作用。同时,大青叶是常用的清热解毒药,具有抑制和杀死病原微生物、提高机体免疫力等作用,作用温和,耐药发生率低,不良反应少,患者服药依从性好,尤其适用于幽门螺杆菌感染者,能够补充或替代目前治疗幽门螺杆菌普遍使用的抗生素三联疗法。本发明拓宽了临床常用清热解毒中药大青叶的应用领域,为幽门螺杆菌的治疗提供了新的方向。此外,通过本发明的制备方法制得的大青叶水提取物无有机溶剂残留,含有较多有效成分,简单易得。
附图说明
图1为大青叶水提取物的UPLC-ESI-MS图;
图2为大青叶水提取物抗菌的药时曲线图;
图3为大青叶水提取物杀菌的药时曲线图;
图4为不同处理的H.pylori 43504的扫描电镜图像。具体为ATCC 43504对照组(A、B、C、D)、MIC浓度DQY-AE处理组(E、F、G、H)、CLR处理组(I、J、K、L)处理12h后H.pylori细胞形态学的扫描电镜图像(放大倍数25.0kx、40.0kx、50.0kx、80.0kx)。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明。在此需要说明的是,对于这些实施方式的说明用于帮助理解本发明,但并不构成对本发明的限定。此外,下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
下述实施例中的实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法,下述实施例中所用的试验材料,如无特殊说明,均为可通过常规的商业途径购买得到。
实施例1大青叶水提取物的制备方法
(1)将大青叶干燥叶子(由十字花科植物菘蓝的叶经而干燥制成)打碎至粉末状,过40目筛后往大青叶粉末中加入10倍量(料液比:g/mL)的水,浸泡30min;
(2)将含有大青叶的水浸液置于100℃下水浴回流提取1h,重复提取3次,合并滤液;
(3)将滤液旋转蒸发浓缩至浸膏状,冷冻干燥至固体粉末,即得。
对所制得的大青叶水提取物进行UPLC-ESI-MS分析,结果如图1所示。
从图1可以看出,所制得的大青叶水提取物按照UPLC-ESI-MS法共检测得到40个化合物。
实施例2大青叶水提取物的制备方法
(1)将大青叶干燥叶子(由十字花科植物菘蓝的叶经而干燥制成)打碎至粉末状,过40目筛后往大青叶粉末中加入8倍量(料液比:g/mL)的水,浸泡45min;
(2)将含有大青叶的水浸液置于80℃下水浴回流提取3h,重复提取3次,合并滤液;
(3)将滤液旋转蒸发浓缩至浸膏状,冷冻干燥至固体粉末,即得。
与实施例1相同,按照UPLC-ESI-MS法共检测得到40个化合物。
实施例3大青叶水提取物的制备方法
(1)将大青叶干燥叶子(由十字花科植物菘蓝的叶经而干燥制成)打碎至粉末状,过40目筛后往大青叶粉末中加入12倍量(料液比:g/mL)的水,浸泡60min;
(2)将含有大青叶的水浸液置于90℃下水浴回流提取2h,重复提取5次,合并滤液;
(3)将滤液旋转蒸发浓缩至浸膏状,冷冻干燥至固体粉末,即得。
与实施例1相同,按照UPLC-ESI-MS法共检测得到40个化合物。
实验例:大青叶水提取物的抗幽门螺杆菌作用研究
1、大青叶水提取物抗菌实验
通过微量肉汤稀释法检测实施例1所制得的大青叶水提取物对幽门螺杆菌标准菌株(ATCC 43504/ATCC 700392/SS1)和临床菌株(CS01、QYZ-001、QYZ-003、QYZ-004)的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),同时以克拉霉素作为阳性对照,具体试验方法如下:
(1)称取10.24mg大青叶水提取物粉末,加入2mL脑心浸出液溶解混匀,12000rpm离心3min,上清液过0.22μm水系滤膜后得到5.12mg/mL的储备液。取500μL储备液+500μL脑心浸出液按二倍稀释法配制2560、1280、640、320、160、80μg/mL等多个浓度梯度的药液,抗生素则用二甲基亚砜(DMSO)溶解配制成2560μg/mL的储备液,使用时稀释成多个浓度梯度(DMSO含量≤1%);
(2)将步骤(1)配制好的药液吸取50μL加入到96孔板中,每个药物浓度至少设置3个复孔,并设置阴性对照孔(只含药物、不接种菌株)和生长对照孔(不含药物、只接种菌株)。
(3)从培养箱取出菌株,用润湿的灭菌棉签刮取菌苔至脑心浸出液中,并用含20%FBS的脑心浸出液调节菌悬液浊度为1McF,稀释10倍后,每孔接种50μL于上述含药96孔板中(最终在96孔板中的菌悬液浊度约为1×106CFU/mL)。
(4)将96孔板置于培养箱中,在37℃微需氧、150rpm的条件下振荡培养72h后取出观察结果。当生长对照呈现纽扣状或明显浑浊时结果才可用,肉眼观察澄清孔的最小药物浓度即为MIC。每次实验均以克拉霉素作为阳性对照,MIC值测定重复3次。
结果如表1所示,由表可知:大青叶水提取物对幽门螺杆菌标准菌株和临床菌株均有一定的抑杀作用,含有大青叶水提取物的MIC在640-1280μg/mL之间,MBC为1-2MIC,表现为杀菌效应。其中,对耐药临床株QYZ-003、004的MIC与对标准菌株的MIC相当。
表1大青叶水提物体外对多种幽门螺杆菌菌株的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)
注:R表示耐药,S表示敏感;MTZ:甲硝唑,CLR:克拉霉素,LEF:左氧氟沙星,AMO:阿莫西林。根据欧洲抗菌药物敏感性试验委员会2019(EUCAST 2019)标准确定耐药折点值。
2、大青叶水提取物抗菌的药时曲线
通过测定菌液OD600 nm绘制大青叶水提取物的时间-抑菌曲线,具体试验方法如下:
(1)按二倍稀释法配制MIC、1/2MIC、1/4MIC等多个浓度梯度的大青叶水提取物药液,并以不含药脑心浸出液作为生长对照组。
(2)以ATCC 43504为代表,从培养箱取出菌株,用润湿的灭菌棉签刮取菌苔至脑心浸出液中,并用含20% FBS的脑心浸出液调节菌悬液浊度为1McF。
(3)按菌悬液:药液/不含药脑心浸出液=1:1的体积比,每孔取2mL接种于6孔板中,放置于三气培养箱中,在37℃、微需氧环境、150rpm条件下进行振荡培养,在0、8、12、24、28、32、36、48、60、72h吸取100μL培养液于96孔板中测定OD600 nm,吸光度值越大则代表细菌数量越多,药物的抑菌效果越差。
结果如图2所示,由图可知:24~48小时为幽门螺杆菌的快速生长期,在48小时大青叶水提取物的抑菌效果与生长对照组相比最显著。同时,大青叶水提取物在1/4~1MIC范围内均能抑制幽门螺杆菌的生长,且抑菌效果呈现剂量依赖性。
3、大青叶水提取物杀菌的药时曲线
通过计数不同时间点细菌单菌落的数量绘制大青叶水提取物的时间杀菌曲线,具体试验方法如下:
(1)按二倍稀释法配制MIC、1/2MIC、1/4MIC等多个浓度梯度的大青叶水提取物药液,并以不含药脑心浸出液作为生长对照组。
(2)以ATCC 43504为代表,从培养箱取出菌株,用润湿的灭菌棉签刮取菌苔至脑心浸出液中,并用含20% FBS的脑心浸出液调节菌悬液浊度为1McF。
(3)按菌悬液:药液/不含药脑心浸出液=1:1的体积比,每孔取1.6mL接种于6孔板中,放置于三气培养箱中,在37℃、微需氧环境、150rpm条件下进行振荡培养,在0h、12h、24h、36h、48h、60h、72h分别吸取100μl液体,进行10倍梯度稀释(1:10-1:108)后均匀涂布于哥伦比亚血平板上。再于微需氧、37℃条件下培养5天,计数平板上单菌落的数量,结果以Log10(CFU/ml)表示,Log10(CFU/ml)越大则代表细菌数量越多,药物的抑菌效果越差。
结果如图3所示,由图可知:大青叶水提取物在1MBC、2MBC、4MBC的浓度时,细菌的生长受到明显的抑制,但杀菌能力并未表现出严格的剂量依赖性。其中,4MBC的大青叶水提取物在36h时能够杀死全部的H.pylori;1~2MBC的大青叶水提取物在60h时能够杀死全部H.pylori。
4、大青叶水提取物与抗生素的联用效果
采用棋盘稀释法测定大青叶水提取物分别与临床常用于治疗幽门螺杆菌感染的抗生素的联用效应,具体实验步骤如下:
(1)采用二倍稀释法分别制备1/2-16MIC浓度的提取物和抗生素(克拉霉素、左氧氟沙星、甲硝唑、阿莫西林)BHI溶液。
(2)以ATCC 700392、ATCC 43504、SS1为代表,按照微量肉汤棋盘稀释法,以菌悬液:提取物药液:抗生素=2:1:1的体积比,每孔共取120μL接种于96孔板中,放置于三气培养箱中,在37℃、微需氧环境、150rpm的条件下振荡培养72h,以肉眼观察明显澄清时的孔为最小联合抑菌浓度。并根据下列公式计算联合抑菌指数FICI:
联合抑菌指数FICI==MICDY(combine)/MICDY(alone)+MIC antibiotics(combine)/MICantibiotics(alone);
其中,FICI≤0.5时提示协同效应,0.5<FICI≤1为相加效应,1<FICI≤2为无关效应,FICI>2为拮抗效应。
结果如表2所示,由表可知:大青叶水提取物与临床上用于治疗幽门螺杆菌感染的抗生素均不产生抑制作用,值得注意的是,在耐药株ATCC 43504和SS1菌株中,大青叶水提取物与克拉霉素的联合作用表现为相加,表现出良好的联合应用效果。
表2大青叶水提取物与抗生素联用的最小联合抑菌浓度
5、大青叶水提取物对幽门螺杆菌形态学变化的影响
采用扫描电镜法观察大青叶水提取物对幽门螺杆菌的菌体形态的影响。具体实验步骤如下:
(1)将H.pylori ATCC 43504的混悬液调节至1McF,微需氧培养至对数生长期,然后将1mL的菌液加入到49mL MIC浓度的提取物或克拉霉素(Clarithromycin,CLR)的BHI溶液培养基中(含10% FBS),并以不含提取物的培养基作为生长对照。
(2)微需氧、37℃、150rpm条件下振荡培养12h,然后8000rpm离心3min收集细菌沉淀,PBS洗涤3次后加入1mL 2.5%戊二醛固定,并保存在4℃冰箱中,最后经30%、50%、70%、80%、95%乙醇系列脱水,叔丁醇浸泡置换,干燥,贴台、喷金后用于扫描电镜观察。
结果如图4所示。由图可知:生长对照组的H.pylori整体形态为螺旋状、棒状或杆状,细菌表面光滑,形态饱满,细胞结构完整,未见细胞破损情况;而在大青叶水提取物作用12h后,细菌形态发生明显的变化,细胞膜表面出现明显的破损,内容物溢出。值得一提的是,相对于抗生素克林霉素阳性对照组,大青叶水提取物处理组的细菌的细胞膜表面破损情况稍显严重。
综上可见,本发明制备的大青叶提取物对幽门螺杆菌抗生素敏感株和耐药株均具有很强的抑制作用,且与克拉霉素联用在部分耐药临床株中表现出相加作用,可用于抗幽门螺杆菌产品的制备中,拓宽了临床常用的清热解毒中药大青叶的应用领域,为幽门螺杆菌的治疗提供了新的方向。
以上对本发明的实施方式作了详细说明,但本发明不限于所描述的实施方式。对于本领域的技术人员而言,在不脱离本发明原理和精神的情况下,对这些实施方式进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,仍落入本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.大青叶水提取物在制备抗幽门螺杆菌产品中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述大青叶水提取物通过破坏幽门螺杆菌的细胞膜而发挥抗幽门螺杆菌作用。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述大青叶水提取物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1、将大青叶叶子打碎至粉末状,再往大青叶粉末中加入8-12倍量的水中浸泡30-60min;
S2、将含有大青叶的水浸液置于80-100℃下水浴回流提取0.5-3h,收集滤液;
S3、将滤液蒸发浓缩至浸膏状,再干燥至固体粉末,即得。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,S1中,所述大青叶叶子为十字花科植物菘蓝的叶经而干燥制成。
5.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,S1中,将大青叶叶子打碎至粉末状后,过30-50目筛后再水浸。
6.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,S2中,所述水浴回流提取共重复2-5次,合并滤液。
7.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述抗幽门螺杆菌产品包括药物或预防保健品。
8.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述抗幽门螺杆菌产品的剂型包括粉剂、颗粒剂、注射液、胶囊、片剂或口服液。
9.一种抗幽门螺杆菌的药物,其特征在于,所述药物包括大青叶水提取物和克拉霉素。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种抗幽门螺杆菌的药物,其特征在于,所述幽门螺杆菌包括耐药株ATCC 43504和SS1菌株。
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