CN117986632A - 聚dvb包覆纳米笼磷硅阻燃剂(dopo-poss@pdvb)的制备方法 - Google Patents
聚dvb包覆纳米笼磷硅阻燃剂(dopo-poss@pdvb)的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了聚DVB包覆纳米笼磷硅阻燃剂(DOPO‑POSS@PDVB)的两种制备方法:分步法和一锅法。分步法是按照已公开的方法得到DOPO‑POSS,随后用DVB对其进行包覆;一锅法是将DOPO(9,10‑二氢‑9‑氧杂‑10‑磷杂菲‑10‑氧化物)、OV‑POSS(八乙烯基倍半硅氧烷)、DVB(二乙烯基苯)为原料,在自由基引发剂存在下,于干燥有机溶剂中60~85℃反应10~24小时制备得到。与现有技术相比,本发明将DOPO‑POSS纳米笼磷硅阻燃剂包覆在DVB的聚合物网状结构中,不仅增加了其与C‑H树脂的相容性,且聚DVB所固有的端基苯乙烯结构,可与PSB等C‑H树脂的端基烯基发生进一步交联,使得阻燃剂与待改性树脂更好相容,不宜迁出。该阻燃剂不含卤素和金属,原料易得、制备工艺简单,可适用碳氢树脂和低极性树脂的阻燃。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及DVB聚合物包覆DOPO-POSS纳米笼磷硅阻燃剂的制备及其阻燃应用。
背景技术
9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-膦菲-10-氧化物,简称DOPO(式1),其合成由Saito等人20世纪70年代首次报道(Saito,T.;Shi,K.Cyclic organophosphorus compounds andprocess for making same.USP 3702878,1972),90年代在日本率先实现了其工业生产。
DOPO及其衍生物作为一种无卤阻燃剂,具有相对较高的磷含量,与聚合物的相容性较好,还具有良好的耐热性和耐水解性(Wang,C S;Lin,C H.Synthesis and propertiesof phosphorus-containing advanced epoxy resins.J.Appl.Polym.Sci.2000,(75):429–436)、不易挥发等特点。此外,燃烧过程中DOPO释放的腐蚀性和毒性气体少(Klinkowski,C.;Zang,L.;M.DOPO-Based flame retardants:synthesis andflame retardant efficiency in polymers.Materials China 2013,32:144–158),在气相和凝聚相中都具有优异的阻燃效果(Wang,P.;Yang,F.S.;Cai,Z.S.Synergistic effectof organo-montmorillonite and DOPO-based oligomer on improving the flameretardancy of epoxy thermoset.Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry,2016,128:1429–1441)。阻燃机理研究表明,DOPO衍生物在受热过程中可裂解生成PO·、PO2·等含磷自由基,进而捕获高分子材料燃烧过程中产生的H·和HO·自由基,抑制燃烧链传递过程并阻止燃烧。在无卤化阻燃剂发展趋势下,DOPO衍生物显示出非常好的应用前景。近年来,有关DOPO衍生物在阻燃方面的专利申请迅速增加,该领域的研究主要集中在中国和日本,其占比分别达到了43.25%和42.56%(李敏亮,杜珩,张平,DOPO及其衍生物阻燃剂的发展现状,广东化工,2018,45(17):101–102)。我国科研工作者设计并成功合成了结构多样的DOPO衍生物,在聚合物树脂的阻燃方面进行了有益的探索,广泛涉及塑料、泡沫、合成纤维、橡胶等材料的阻燃(王俊锴,宋文生,许邵帅,刘继纯,勾明雷.9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-膦杂菲-10-氧化物及其衍生物的合成与应用进展.化工新型材料,2021,49(5):245–238;李玉芳,李明,DOPO及其衍生物在聚合物中的阻燃应用研究进展.精细与专用化学品,2021,29:41–44;康兴隆,冯伟丽,鲁哲宏,刘保英,房晓敏,丁涛,DOPO及其衍生物在聚合物阻燃改性中的应用研究进展,河南大学学报(自然科学版),2019,49:567–580)。
日本率先开发了1,2-二DOPO乙烷(式2),并成功用于5G覆铜板电路基材的阻燃,并满足低介电性能的要求,开发具有自主知识产权的阻燃剂用于我国5G覆铜板电路基材碳氢树脂,具有尤为重要的意义。
纳米笼磷硅阻燃剂(DOPO-POSS)是一种可用于C-H树脂阻燃且可保持材料优秀介电性能的无卤阻燃剂(式3)。
专利文献ZL202111342248.2记载了DOPO和OV-POSS(八乙烯基倍半硅氧烷)在甲苯中发生自由基加成的较为绿色的工艺路线,得到的阻燃剂具有低介电性能和高的热稳定性。然而值得注意的是,纳米笼磷硅阻燃剂(DOPO-POSS)在甲苯和二甲苯等非极性有机溶剂中溶解度不好,分散的均匀程度相对较差,在碳氢树脂复合材料的阻燃改性方面仍存在着易于迁出等问题,因而限制了其实际使用。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供了DVB(二乙烯基苯)聚合物包覆纳米笼磷硅阻燃剂(DOPO-POSS@PDVB)的分步法及一锅法制备方法。
鉴于1,2-二DOPO乙烷是一种烃基取代的DOPO,消除了P-H键带来的极性;而DOPO-POSS的笼结构具有特殊的低介电优势,为了将二者的优点进行组合,本发明在上述基础上开发可发生交联的新型阻燃剂,即DVB聚合物包覆的DOPO-POSS纳米笼磷硅阻燃剂(DOPO-POSS@PDVB)。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是一种聚DVB包覆纳米笼磷硅阻燃剂(DOPO-POSS@PDVB)的制备方法,以DOPO(9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物)、OV-POSS(八乙烯基倍半硅氧烷)、DVB(二乙烯基苯)为原料,于干燥有机溶剂中、在自由基引发剂的存在下,在60~85℃反应10~24小时,制备DVB聚合物包覆的纳米笼磷硅阻燃剂(DOPO-POSS@PDVB)。
具体可通过两种制备方法得到DVB聚合物包覆的纳米笼磷硅阻燃剂(DOPO-POSS@PDVB)。一种是分步法,即按照已公开方法(一种DOPO-POSS阻燃剂的制备方法及其应用与流程,ZL202111342248.2)事先获得DOPO-POSS,在N2气氛下,将其溶解在有机溶剂中,随后加入引发剂和DVB,于60~85℃反应6~12小时,使DVB形成交联聚合物的过程中对DOPO-POSS实现包覆。
另一种是一锅法,将DOPO和OV-POSS加入到三颈瓶中,于Schlenk装置上抽真空、通N2,随后在N2气氛下,将干燥的有机溶剂注射到反应体系中,油浴加热到60~85℃,并滴加计算量的引发剂溶于一定量有机溶剂的溶液,滴加完毕后,继续搅拌6~12小时,生成纳米笼磷硅阻燃剂(DOPO-POSS);随后将DVB溶于干燥DMF中滴加入上述反应液中,继续在加热、搅拌条件下反应6~12小时,经后处理制得DOPO-POSS@PDVB。
于本发明一实施例中,分步法DVB的用量为DOPO-POSS质量的1-2倍;分步法引发剂的摩尔用量为DVB摩尔量的0.5~5%。
于本发明一实施例中,一锅法所用DOPO摩尔用量为OV-POSS摩尔量的6~8倍,DVB的用量为第一步DOPO-POSS理论产量的1~2倍。
于本发明一实施例中,一锅法中,引发剂的摩尔用量为DOPO摩尔量的0.5~5%与DVB摩尔量的0.5~5%之和。
于本发明一实施例中,所述引发剂为偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)或过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)。
于本发明一实施例中,所述有机溶剂为沸点高于60℃的非质子溶剂。例如甲苯、氯仿、乙腈和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)等。
于本发明一实施例中,还包括后处理步骤:反应完成后,冷却至室温,过滤,得白色粉末,采用溶剂洗涤后,在真空干燥箱中进行干燥,制得DOPO-POSS@PDVB阻燃剂。具体用乙酸乙酯、乙醇或甲醇等溶剂洗涤3次,随后在真空干燥箱中于80℃干燥8小时,制得DOPO-POSS@PDVB阻燃剂。
制备得到的DVB聚合物包覆纳米笼磷硅阻燃剂(DOPO-POSS@PDVB)在高频高速覆铜板绝缘层C-H树脂的阻燃改性中得到应用。
本技术方案具有以下有益效果:
本发明提供的DOPO-POSS@PDVB阻燃剂,包括DOPO-POSS磷硅协效活性阻燃成分和包覆用的在DVB网状多孔聚合物。与DOPO-POSS相比,DOPO-POSS@PDVB因外层包裹的C-H聚合物树脂结构,与待阻燃改性的C-H树脂相容性会得到改善,扫描电镜测试显示其具有纳米级颗粒形貌,具有更好的分散性。此外,DOPO-POSS@PDVB阻燃剂含具有可发生交联作用的苯乙烯基结构单元,在对PSB树脂(聚苯乙烯/1,3-丁二烯)为覆铜板的基材树脂进行阻燃改性时,将会与PSB树脂的端基乙烯基进行进一步交联,从而使阻燃剂更好地锚定在复合树脂材料中。
所述的制备方法制备得到的DOPO-POSS@PDVB阻燃剂应用在PSB树脂改性以制备覆铜板的绝缘层,发现其添加量为PSB树脂的20~30%时可获得良好的阻燃性能。垂直燃烧测试表明,在所合成的系列DOPO-POSS@PDVB催化剂中DOPO-POSS@PDVB(1:1)阻燃效果最好,当其用量达到30%时,该绝缘层的阻燃性能达到UL-94V-0级。
该阻燃剂不含卤素和金属,阻燃效果明显,原料易得、制备工艺简单,产率较高,可适用于碳氢树脂和低极性树脂的阻燃。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1、5和6所得到的DOPO-POSS@PDVB与原料及DOPO-POSS的红外图谱对比图;
图2是本发明实施例1所得到的DOPO-POSS@PDVB和DOPO-POSS的扫描电镜对比图;
图3是本发明一实施例1、5和6所得到的DOPO-POSS@PDVB的热重分析曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图1至3对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例1-8中的DOPO-POSS均按照现有制备方法(一种DOPO-POSS阻燃剂的制备方法及其应用与流程,ZL202111342248.2)制备得到。
实施例1
N2气氛下,将DOPO-POSS(0.5克)置于25mL干燥两口瓶中,加入干燥的DMF溶剂(5mL),超声,使其溶解完全。随后将DVB(0.5克)和AIBN(25毫克)溶解在5mL DMF中,并加入反应体系内,于80~85℃反应10小时,冷却,抽滤,乙酸乙酯洗涤,于真空干燥箱80℃烘干8小时,得到白色粉末0.78克,编号为DOPO-POSS@PDVB(1:1)。
其中,小括号中的比例1:1,为DOPO-POSS和DVB的质量比。下文中各实施例样品编号中涉及的用量比例,其含义均表示DOPO-POSS和DVB的质量比。
本实施例制备得到的产物相关表征图谱详见附图1-3。
实施例2
N2气氛下,将DOPO-POSS(0.5克)置于25mL干燥两口瓶中,加入干燥的氯仿溶剂(5mL),超声,使其溶解完全。随后将DVB(0.5克)和AIBN(25毫克)溶解在5mL氯仿中,并加入反应体系内,于80~85℃反应10小时,冷却,抽滤,乙酸乙酯洗涤,于真空干燥箱80℃烘干8小时,得到白色粉末0.75克,编号为DOPO-POSS@PDVB(1:1)-氯仿。
实施例3
N2气氛下,将DOPO-POSS(5克)置于250mL干燥两口瓶中,加入干燥的DMF溶剂(50mL),超声,使其溶解完全。随后将DVB(5克)和AIBN(250毫克)溶解在50mL DMF中,并加入反应体系内,于80~85℃反应10小时,冷却,抽滤,乙酸乙酯洗涤,于真空干燥箱80℃烘干8小时,得到白色粉末8.13克,编号为DOPO-POSS@PDVB(1:1)-10倍。
实施例4
N2气氛下,将DOPO-POSS(50克)置于3L干燥两口瓶中,加入干燥的DMF溶剂(500mL),超声,使其溶解完全。随后将DVB(50克)和AIBN(2.5克)溶解在500mL DMF中,并加入反应体系内,于80~85℃反应12小时,冷却,抽滤,乙酸乙酯洗涤,于真空干燥箱80℃烘干8小时,得到白色粉末83.2克,编号为DOPO-POSS@PDVB(1:1)-100倍。
实施例5
N2气氛下,将DOPO-POSS(0.5克)置于25mL干燥两口瓶中,加入干燥的DMF溶剂(5mL),超声,使其溶解完全。随后将DVB(0.75克)和AIBN(37.5毫克)溶解在5mL DMF中,并加入反应体系内,于80~85℃反应10小时,冷却,抽滤,乙酸乙酯洗涤,于真空干燥箱80℃烘干8小时,得到白色粉末1.06克,编号为DOPO-POSS@PDVB(1:1.5)。
本实施例制备得到的产物相关表征图谱详见附图1和3。
实施例6
N2气氛下,将DOPO-POSS(0.5克)置于25mL干燥两口瓶中,加入干燥的DMF溶剂(5mL),超声,使其溶解完全。随后将DVB(1.0克)和AIBN(37.5毫克)溶解在5mL DMF中,并加入反应体系内,于80~85℃反应10小时,冷却,抽滤,乙酸乙酯洗涤,于真空干燥箱80℃烘干8小时,得到白色粉末1.27克,编号为DOPO-POSS@PDVB(1:2)。
本实施例制备得到的产物相关表征图谱详见附图1和3。
实施例7
N2气氛下,将DOPO-POSS(5克)置于250mL干燥两口瓶中,加入干燥的氯仿溶剂(50mL),超声,使其溶解完全。随后将DVB(7.5克)和AIBN(370毫克)溶解在50mL氯仿中,并加入反应体系内,于80~85℃反应10小时,冷却,抽滤,乙酸乙酯洗涤,于真空干燥箱80℃烘干8小时,得到白色粉末11.3克。
实施例8
N2气氛下,将DOPO-POSS(5克)置于250mL干燥两口瓶中,加入干燥的乙腈溶剂(50mL),超声,使其溶解完全。随后将DVB(7.5克)和AIBN(370毫克)溶解在50mL乙腈中,并加入反应体系内,于80~85℃反应10小时,冷却,抽滤,乙酸乙酯洗涤,于真空干燥箱80℃烘干8小时,得到白色粉末10.5克。
实施例9
将OV-POSS(3mmol,1.90g)和DOPO(24mmol,5.19g)放入100mL三颈烧瓶(含磁子)中,连接好蛇形冷凝管,真空氮气的接口,氮气气球等,抽真空、充氮气反复3次。用注射器将甲苯溶剂(25mL)加入反应瓶中,搅拌并升温。称量AIBN(0.63mmol,103.5mg),用甲苯(5mL)溶解,在60~70℃时,用注射器将其加入瓶中。反应温度升至80℃后,继续反应6小时,此时溶液澄清,使用注射器逐滴加入含DVB(7.09g)和AIBN(0.63mmol,103.5mg)的甲苯(5mL)溶液。继续在加热搅拌条件下反应10小时。残余物用甲醇洗涤,得到白色粉末,80℃真空干燥8小时,即可得DOPO-POSS@PDVB阻燃剂(8.7克)。
实施例10
将OV-POSS(3mmol,1.90g)和DOPO(18mmol,3.89g)放入100mL的三颈烧瓶(磁子),连接好蛇形冷凝管,真空氮气的接口,氮气气球等,抽真空、充氮气反复3次。用注射器将甲苯溶剂(25mL)加入反应瓶中,搅拌并升温。称量AIBN(0.473mmol,77.5mg),用甲苯(5mL)溶解,在60~70℃时,用注射器将其加入瓶中。将反应温度升至80~85℃,继续反应6小时,此时溶液澄清,将使用注射器逐滴加入DVB(5.8g)和AIBN(0.473mmol,77.5mg)溶于甲苯(5mL)的溶液。继续在80~85℃加热搅拌条件下反应10小时。后处理同实施例8,得DOPO-POSS@PDVB阻燃剂7.4克。
实施例11
将OV-POSS(3mmol,1.90g)和DOPO(24mmol,5.19g)放入150mL的三颈烧瓶(磁子),连接好蛇形冷凝管,真空氮气的接口,氮气气球等,抽真空、充氮气反复3次。用注射器将氯仿(10mL)加入反应瓶中,搅拌并升温。称量一定的AIBN(0.63mmol,103.5mg),用氯仿(2mL)溶解,在60-70℃时,用注射器将其加入瓶中。反应温度升至80℃后,继续反应6小时,使用注射器逐滴加入DVB(7.09g)和AIBN(0.63mmol,103.5mg)溶于氯仿(3mL)的溶液。继续在加热搅拌条件下反应10小时。后处理同实施例8,得DOPO-POSS@PDVB阻燃剂10.3克。
实施例12
将OV-POSS(3mmol,1.90g)和DOPO(24mmol,5.19g)放入150mL的三颈烧瓶(磁子),连接好蛇形冷凝管,真空氮气的接口,氮气气球等,抽真空、充氮气反复3次。用注射器氯仿溶剂(10mL)加入反应瓶中,搅拌并升温。称量BPO(0.63mmol,152.5mg),用氯仿(2mL)溶解,在40-50℃时,用注射器将其加入瓶中。反应温度升至65℃后,继续反应10小时,使用注射器逐滴加入DVB(7.09g)和BPO(0.63mmol,152.5mg)溶于氯仿(3mL)的溶液,升温至80℃,搅拌条件下反应10小时。后处理同实施例1,得DOPO-POSS@PDVB阻燃剂9.1克。
实施例13
将OV-POSS(3mmol,1.90g)和DOPO(24mmol,5.19g)放入150mL的三颈烧瓶(磁子),连接好蛇形冷凝管,真空氮气的接口,氮气气球等,抽真空、充氮气反复3次。用注射器将DMF溶剂(45mL)加入反应瓶中,搅拌并升温。称量一定的AIBN(0.63mmol,103.5mg),用DMF(5mL)溶解,在60-70℃时,用注射器将其加入瓶中。反应温度升至80℃后,继续反应6小时,使用注射器逐滴加入DVB(7.09g)和AIBN(0.63mmol,103.5mg)溶于DMF(5mL)的溶液。继续在加热搅拌条件下反应10小时。后处理同实施例1,得DOPO-POSS@PDVB阻燃剂10.5克。
通过图1-3的图谱可以看出:
图1是本发明实施例1、5和6所得到的DOPO-POSS@PDVB与原料及DOPO-POSS的红外图谱对比图。所合成的DOPO-POSS@PDVB有明显的C-H键伸缩振动峰(2922cm-1),芳环骨架键的特征吸收(1470~1598cm-1),P=O键的特征吸收(1230cm-1),Si-O键的特征吸收(1110cm-1),当DVB用量为DOPO-POSS的1.5倍质量时,还显示了明显的C=C键的吸收(1680cm-1)。
图2是本发明实施例1所得到的DOPO-POSS@PDVB和DOPO-POSS的扫描电镜对比图。可以明显看出,DOPO-POSS@PDVB的形貌为分散均匀的纳米颗粒,而DOPO-POSS为致密的块状形貌,其上有干燥过程中溶剂挥发时留下的孔。
图3是本发明一实施例1、5和6所得到的DOPO-POSS@PDVB的热重分析曲线。DOPO-POSS@PDVB的T5%和Tmax相对DOPO-POSS的数据(分别为373.4和493℃)有所降低,但它们的Tmax都高于420℃,仍具有良好的热稳定性。
本发明与现有技术相比,将DOPO-POSS纳米笼磷硅阻燃剂包覆在DVB的聚合物网状结构中,不仅增加了其与C-H树脂的相容性,且聚DVB所固有的端基苯乙烯结构,可与PSB树脂的端基烯基发生进一步交联,使得阻燃剂有效成分能更好融于基材树脂中,不宜迁出。该阻燃剂不含卤素和金属,原料易得、制备工艺简单,可适用碳氢树脂和低极性树脂的阻燃。
上述具体实施例只是用来解释说明本发明,而非对本发明进行限制,在本发明构思和权利要求保护范围内对本发明做出的任何不付出创造性劳动的改变和替换,皆落入本发明专利的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种聚DVB包覆纳米笼磷硅阻燃剂(DOPO-POSS@PDVB)的制备方法,其特征在于,以DOPO(9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物)、OV-POSS(八乙烯基倍半硅氧烷)、DVB(二乙烯基苯)为原料,于干燥有机溶剂中、在自由基引发剂的存在下,在60~85℃反应10~24小时,制备DVB聚合物包覆的纳米笼磷硅阻燃剂(DOPO-POSS@PDVB)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,采用分步法,将事先合成的DOPO-POSS溶解在有机溶剂中,N2气氛下,加入DVB和一定量引发剂于60~85℃搅拌反应6~12小时,发生自由基聚合,形成的DVB聚合物网络对DOPO-POSS进行包裹。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,采用一锅法,将DOPO和OV-POSS加入到三颈瓶中,于Schlenk装置上抽真空、通N2,随后在N2氛围下,将干燥的有机溶剂注射到反应体系中,油浴加热到80~85℃,并将一定量的引发剂溶于上述有机溶剂,滴加入反应体系中,滴加完毕后,在剧烈搅拌下反应6~12小时,生成DOPO-POSS;随后将DVB和适量与第一步相同的引发剂溶于第一步所用的有机溶剂中,搅拌下滴加到上述反应体系中,滴加完毕,继续在加热搅拌条件下反应6~12小时。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,分步法中DVB的用量为DOPO-POSS质量的1-2倍;分步法中引发剂的摩尔用量为DVB摩尔量的0.5~5%。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,一锅法所用DOPO摩尔用量为OV-POSS摩尔量的6~8倍,DVB的用量为第一步DOPO-POSS理论产量的1~2倍。
6.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,一锅法中,引发剂的摩尔用量为DOPO摩尔量的0.5~5%与DVB摩尔量的0.5~5%之和。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述分步法和一锅法采用的引发剂为偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)或过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂为沸点高于60℃的非质子溶剂。
9.根据权利要求1至8任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,后处理简单,经抽滤、洗涤和干燥即可获得DOPO-POSS@PDVB阻燃剂。
10.根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的制备方法制备得到的聚DVB包覆纳米笼磷硅阻燃剂(DOPO-POSS@DVB),可应用于高频高速覆铜板绝缘层C-H树脂的阻燃改性。
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