CN117986326B - 一种钩状木霉t21抗菌肽bⅱ及其制备方法、用途 - Google Patents
一种钩状木霉t21抗菌肽bⅱ及其制备方法、用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于植物病害防治技术领域,具体涉及一种钩状木霉T21抗菌肽BⅡ及其制备方法、用途。抗菌肽BⅡ的氨基酸序列为Ac‑Aib‑Gly‑Phe‑Aib‑Aib‑Gln‑Aib‑Aib‑Aib‑Ser‑Leu‑Aib‑Pro‑Val‑Aib‑Iva‑Gln‑Gln‑Leuol;其中,Aib为α‑氨基异丁酸,Ac‑Aib为乙酰化α‑氨基异丁酸。经试验证明,该抗菌肽BⅡ对野油菜黄单胞菌具有较佳的抑制作用,且在室内及田间防效试验中对甘蓝黑腐病表现出较佳的防治效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于植物病害防治技术领域,具体涉及一种钩状木霉T21抗菌肽BⅡ及其制备方法和在防治植物病害中的用途。
背景技术
甘蓝黑腐病是由野油菜黄单胞杆菌属野油菜致病变种(Xanthomonas campestrispv.campestris,Xcc)浸染引起的一种细菌性病害,已成为危害甘蓝和其他芸薹属蔬菜产业发展的世界性主要病害。该菌主要通过水孔、气孔、伤口和根部等多种方式侵染寄主植物,在维管束内迅速增殖,合成大量的多糖、黄原胶堵塞木质部导管,限制水分流动,形成“V”字形病斑,随后,颜色从黄色逐渐变为褐色,最后变为黑色。甘蓝黑腐病的寄主范围广、发病迅速、影响程度高和防治较难,一旦大面积暴发,对蔬菜产业造成巨大的威胁。近年来,由于栽培面积的逐渐增加、高密度、连作等不合理栽培方式和频发的极端天气等因素影响,甘蓝黑腐病的发生已蔓延至我国各地,严重时可使甘蓝减产70%,甚至绝收。
我国对甘蓝黑腐病的主要防治措施有农业防治、物理防治、化学防治、微生物源农药防治和综合防治等。但这些措施都存在局限性,轮作周期长,在有限的耕地资源内不易实现;生物防治在大田中不稳定,易受环境影响;常用化学药剂成本较高且污染环境,农户难以接受。因此,为了发展可持续绿色农业,开发绿色高效低毒的微生物源药剂迫在眉睫。微生物源药剂是指利用微生物的次级代谢产物加工而成的具有拮抗活性的药剂,这类药剂往往低毒甚至无毒、对环境友好和对非靶标生物安全的特性,符合现阶段农业可持续发展的绿色理念。因此,开发绿色、高效和安全的微生物源药剂对防控蔬菜病害具有重要意义,对促进蔬菜产业绿色健康发展奠定基础。多数木霉菌不仅可以定殖植物根系促进生长,还可以产生具有拮抗植物病原菌的次级代谢产物,是微生物源药剂研究的热点。
发明内容
鉴于以上技术问题,本发明提供一种钩状木霉T21抗菌肽BⅡ,该抗菌肽BⅡ能够抑制野油菜黄单胞菌,具有防治甘蓝黑腐病的效果。
本发明提供的具体技术方案如下:
本发明第一方面,提供一种钩状木霉T21抗菌肽BⅡ,其氨基酸序列为Ac-Aib-Gly-Phe-Aib-Aib-Gln-Aib-Aib-Aib-Ser-Leu-Aib-Pro-Val-Aib-Iva-Gln-Gln-Leuol;其中,Aib为α-氨基异丁酸,Ac-Aib为乙酰化α-氨基异丁酸。
本发明第二方面,提供一种所述钩状木霉T21抗菌肽BⅡ的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
向钩状木霉T21发酵培养液中加入乙酸乙酯,收集乙酸乙酯萃取物,得到粗提物,分离,并进行HPLC半制备液相纯化,收集保留时间在21~22min之间的组分,得到所述钩状木霉T21抗菌肽BⅡ。
优选地,所述钩状木霉T21发酵培养液与乙酸乙酯的体积比为1:1~2。
优选地,所述分离是以甲醇和二氯甲烷等体积比混合成的洗脱体系对所述粗提物进行分离。
优选地,使用凝胶柱对所述粗提物进行分离,洗脱流速为1s/滴,每个组分收集5mL,收集Fr5~Fr8的组分,合并之后进行HPLC半制备液相纯化。
优选地,HPLC半制备液相纯化的条件为:
色谱柱:Kromasil 100-5-C18反相半制备色谱柱;
洗脱溶剂:B相为乙腈,C相为水;
流速:2.0mL/min;
梯度洗脱流程:
0~2min:B相50%,C相50%;
2~32min,B相100%,C相0%,梯度洗脱;
32~42min,B相100%,C相0%,等度洗脱;
42~45min,B相50%,C相50%。
本发明第三方面,提供一种所述钩状木霉T21抗菌肽BⅡ在防治植物病害中的用途。
优选地,所述钩状木霉T21抗菌肽BⅡ用于抑制油菜黄单胞菌。
优选地,所述钩状木霉T21抗菌肽BⅡ用于防治甘蓝黑腐病。
对比现有技术,本发明的有益效果为:
本发明首次从钩状木霉中分离得到一种抗菌肽BⅡ,经试验证明,该抗菌肽BⅡ对野油菜黄单胞菌具有较佳的抑制作用,最小抑菌浓度为12.8μg/mL。通过盆栽实验表明,Tricholongins BⅡ化合物(即抗菌肽BⅡ)对甘蓝黑腐病的防治效果为67.19%。
附图说明
图1是钩状木霉T21乙酸乙酯提取物组分液相结果;
图2是Tricholongins BⅡ单体化合物的化学结构式;
图3是Tricholongins BⅡ单体化合物的二级质谱图;
图4是Tricholongins BⅡ对植物病原细菌的抑菌作用;a、单体化合物;b、DMSO;C、H2O;d、硫酸卡那霉素;
图5是Tricholongins BⅡ的最小抑菌浓度测定;
图6是温室条件下Tricholongins BⅡ对黑腐病菌接种后防治的影响。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例,所述实施例的示例在附图中示出,其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。实施例中未注明具体技术或条件者,按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品。
本发明实施例所用实验材料如下:
马铃薯葡萄糖培养基(PDA,1L):土豆200g,葡萄糖20g,琼脂粉17g。
种子培养基(SMYA,1L):蛋白胨10g,麦芽糖40g,酵母提取物10g,琼脂粉4g。
LB液体培养基(1L):酵母提取物5g,胰蛋白胨10g,氯化钠10g。
LB固体培养基(1L):酵母提取物5g,胰蛋白胨10g,氯化钠10g,琼脂粉15g。
甘蓝品种:中甘21。
实施例1
活性物质分离纯化与鉴定
1、菌株发酵
钩状木霉T21是从烟草叶片上分离得到,该菌株保存在中国微生物菌种保藏中心(CGMCC),菌株保藏号为CGMCC NO.10923。从-80℃冰箱取出保存菌株,解冻后转接到PDA平板上活化菌株,置于28℃培养箱中培养2d。再次转接到PDA平板培养3d进行纯化,使用打孔器在平板上打2~3个菌饼接入到种子培养基,放置于恒温摇床培养3d,培养条件28℃,200rpm。最后转接种子液到PDA培养基,置于28℃培养箱培养15d。
钩状木霉T21菌株生长迅速,气生菌丝发达。在PDA平板上培养时,菌丝颜色前期为白色,后期转变成绿色,菌落致密呈棉絮状,菌丝分支常为对生。分生孢子为卵圆形或球形且表面光滑。长为2.1至3.2μm,宽2.3至4.0μm。利用ITS、tef1α和rpb2三引物对T21菌株进行扩增测序,测序结果在NCBI数据库进行比对,通过形态学和分子生物学鉴定,最终确定该菌株为钩状木霉。
2、粗提物提取
发酵结束后,将PDA平板中的培养物收集到1000mL三角瓶中,加入500mL乙酸乙酯,用玻璃棒将PDA培养基捣碎,放置于超声波震荡仪中超声30min,加速乙酸乙酯的萃取。使用滤纸过滤收集乙酸乙酯,用旋转蒸发仪浓缩,吹干得到粗提物。
3、活性物质的分离与制备
使用凝胶柱对粗提物进行分离,洗脱体系为等体积的甲醇和二氯甲烷(比例为1:1),控制1s/滴的速率,每个组分收集5mL,共收集45个组分。通过HPLC图谱对比,组分Fr5、Fr6、Fr7和Fr8中有与野生型相对应的图谱,4个组分中的代谢物保留时间一致,因此对4个组分合并进行HPLC半制备液相纯化。HPLC制备方法与条件:B相为乙腈,C相为水。使用Kromasil 100-5-C18反相半制备色谱柱(10μm、10×250mm)进行分离制备,流速2.0mL/min。
梯度洗脱流程:
0~2min:B相50%,C相50%;
2~32min,B相100%,C相0%,梯度洗脱;
32~42min,B相100%,C相0%,等度洗脱;
42~45min,B相50%,C相50%;
收集保留时间在21~22min之间的组分,干燥,得到11.6mg化合物TricholonginsBⅡ。Tricholongins BⅡ为白色粉末状固体,易溶于甲醇和丙酮。
4、结构鉴定
将单体化合物用甲醇完全溶解后转移至1mL样品瓶,进行质谱的测定。
根据分析对比敲除突变体和野生型次级代谢产物的液相质谱数据显示,化合物2的[M+H]+分子离子峰为1925.1099,[M+2Na]2+的分子离子峰为985.6016。确定化合物LBⅡ的分子式为C90H150N22O24。图1中的化合物2为LBⅡ,其结构如图2所示,LBⅡ的氨基酸排列顺序为Ac-Aib-Gly-Phe-Aib-Aib-Gln-Aib-Aib-Aib-Ser-Leu-Aib-Pro-Val-Aib-Iva-Gln-Gln-Leuol,其中,Aib为α-氨基异丁酸,Ac-Aib为乙酰化α-氨基异丁酸。序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示:X-G-F-X-X-Q-X-X-X-S-L-X-P-V-X-X-Q-Q-L。二级碎片详细数据见表1和图3。此外,这种化合物在钩状木霉中属于首次分离。
表1Tricholongins BⅡ化合物质谱中的氨基酸组成和片段离子
实施例2
Tricholongins BⅡ的抗菌活性测定
1、抑菌活性初步测定
(1)病原菌的活化。
(2)从-80℃保存的病原细菌冻存管中,吸取10μL滴在LB培养皿中央。再用涂布棒铺满整个培养基,置于28℃培养箱培养24h。
(3)准备菌物平板。用牙签挑取单菌落至装有LB液体培养基的50mL离心管中。放入摇床28℃,220rpm培养12h。用分光光度计测量细菌培养液OD值,并通过LB培养液稀释,调整OD600=0.2。吸取1mL菌液加入49mL温热液态LB固体培养液(菌液终浓度为2%),充分混匀,倒板。
(4)添加待测药物与对照。以培养皿中心为交叉点画“十”字,在每条直线上取两个点,使四个点到交点的距离均为2mm,在四个点处用一次性注射器(不带针头部分)打孔,再往孔内滴加样品,顺时针依次添加测试药物Tricholongins BⅡ、阴性对照、空白对照和阳性对照(硫酸卡那霉素)。
(5)培养观察与记录。置入28℃培养箱,每隔12h观察一次,出现明显抑菌圈时进行拍照记录。
结果表明(图4),LBⅡ对野油菜黄单胞菌也有显著的抑制作用。培养2d后,如图4所示,可以明显看到在添加了单体化合物的孔口附近的病原菌菌体生长受到抑制,出现抑菌圈。
2、最小抑菌浓度(MIC)测定
(1)向LB培养基中加入调整过OD600的菌液,加入菌液量依据菌液:LB培养基=1:1000的比例。
(2)微量稀释法进行活性测试。
采用微量稀释法得到10个药物浓度:204.8μg/mL、102.4μg/mL、51.2μg/mL、25.6μg/mL、12.8μg/mL、6.4μg/mL、3.2μg/mL、1.6μg/mL、0.8μg/mL、0.4μg/mL,分别在第1~10列。第11列为阳性对照(CK+,菌液),第12列为空白对照(CK-,LB培养基)。
用无菌移液枪添加病原菌菌液90μL到第1列样品孔中,随后分别在第2~11列样品孔中添加50μL菌液。第11列为50μL菌液,第12列加入50μL LB培养基作为空白对照。第1~3行为三次重复,第4行为阳性对照(硫酸卡那霉素)。配制待测药物和阳性对照药物的母液浓度为2.048mg/mL。吸取10μL加入第1列,然后从第1列的样品孔向其他列进行半倍稀释:将移液枪调到50μL,在第1列样品孔吸打均匀后,取50μL混合液移入下一列,依次进行到第10列。从第10列中吸取出的50μL混合液废弃。
(3)观察与记录。将加好样的96孔板放入28℃培养箱,每6h观察一次,培养24h后,每个孔加入5μL PrestoBlue resazurin dye进行染液,染色30min后,找到蓝色与红色边界处的点样孔,确定最小抑菌浓度。拍照记录。
经LBⅡ处理后,加入细胞活性显色液后如图5所示,第1~3行的第1~5列为蓝色,第6~10列为红色。第4行的第1~3列为蓝色,第4~10列为红色。所有样品孔11列为红色,12列为蓝色。说明从第6列开始才有存活的细菌菌体,Tricholongins BⅡ单体化合物对野油菜黄单胞菌的最小杀菌浓度为第5列的浓度,即MIC=12.8μg/mL。
实施例3
Tricholongins BⅡ对甘蓝黑腐病的室内防效试验
(1)在LB固体培养基上划线黑腐病菌,长出菌落后挑取接种到LB液体培养基中,28℃,200rpm摇菌12h,备用。
(2)将甘蓝(中甘21)种子置于具有无菌滤纸的培养皿中,加入无菌水后放置28℃培养箱中催芽,播种于育苗盘中。待长出两片子叶后移栽到于装有灭菌土壤的一次性塑料杯中。试验设置3个处理,分别为阴性对照(CK,未接菌)、甘蓝黑腐病菌胁迫处理(CK)和Tricholongins BⅡ+甘蓝黑腐病菌处理。利用喷雾法接种甘蓝黑腐病菌,接菌前一天处理甘蓝苗,在叶片上喷雾无菌水保湿,置于18℃,避光过夜。在叶片正面和背面喷雾OD600=0.2的菌液。用200μL DMSO溶解10mg Tricholongins BⅡ,并用水定容到30mL进行喷雾处理。甘蓝黑腐病菌胁迫处理组用同样体积的DMSO和水进行喷雾。在温度28-30℃条件下培养,观察其发病状态及染病程度。甘蓝苗期黑腐病病害的级别分为6级。0级:无任何症状;1级:接种叶片出现褪绿斑,扩展深度1~3mm;3级:病斑扩展深度4~6mm;5级:病斑扩展深度7~10mm;7级:病斑扩展深度11~15mm;9级:病斑扩展深度16mm以上。病情指数和防治效果的计算公式如下:
病情指数=[Σ(各级病株数×相应级数)/(最大病级值×调查总植株数)]×100%
防治效果=[(对照组病情指数-处理组病情指数)/对照病情指数×100%
不同处理中可看出未接菌处理的生长发育情况最好,接菌7d后,甘蓝黑腐病菌胁迫处理组(CK)和Tricholongins BⅡ+甘蓝黑腐病菌处理组(Tricholongins BⅡ)出现不同程度的萎蔫、黄化和病斑。9d后,甘蓝黑腐病菌阳性胁迫处理组发病明显,差异显著(图6)。甘蓝黑腐病菌胁迫处理组(CK)和Tricholongins BⅡ+甘蓝黑腐病菌处理组的病情指数分别为59.26%和19.44%,Tricholongins BⅡ对甘蓝黑腐病菌的防治效果为67.19%(表2)。
表2Tricholongins BⅡ对甘蓝黑腐病的盆栽防治效果
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,可以理解的是,上述实施例是示例性的,不能理解为对本发明的限制,本领域的普通技术人员在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。
Claims (2)
1.一种钩状木霉T21抗菌肽BⅡ在抑制野油菜黄单胞菌中的用途,其特征在于,抗菌肽BⅡ的氨基酸序列为Ac-Aib-Gly-Phe-Aib-Aib-Gln-Aib-Aib-Aib-Ser-Leu-Aib-Pro-Val-Aib-Iva-Gln-Gln-Leuol;其中,Aib为α-氨基异丁酸,Ac-Aib为乙酰化α-氨基异丁酸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于,所述钩状木霉T21抗菌肽BⅡ用于防治甘蓝黑腐病。
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