CN117904007A - 枯草芽孢杆菌菌株sklan202311d及其应用 - Google Patents
枯草芽孢杆菌菌株sklan202311d及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及益生菌领域,具体涉及枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)菌株SKLAN202311D。本发明通过在金华猪结肠食糜中分离获得一株枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)SKLAN202311D,该菌株对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌具有很好的抑制作用;能在动物体内定植,并对人工胆盐、人工胃酸、人工肠液耐受能力强;可以促进动物生长,调节肠道菌群,降低腹泻率,提高肠道免疫力,改善肠道健康。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及益生菌领域,具体涉及枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)菌株SKLAN202311D。
背景技术
仔猪死亡率占猪总死亡率的50%-70%,仔猪腹泻会导致食欲不振和严重脱水,有时甚至导致未经治疗的死亡。腹泻的仔猪虽然存活了下来,但它们会生长缓慢,体重减轻,并造成重大经济损失。
仔猪非传染性腹泻通常可以通过加强喂养管理来改善,但感染性腹泻通常使用抗菌药物治疗。然而,随着抗微生物耐药性的出现,在食用动物生产中广泛使用抗微生物药物会使抗微生物耐药性成为一个严重的公共卫生问题。因此,对抗菌药物替代疗法的研究和开发需求越来越大。益生菌能在肠道健康和疾病治疗方面表现出巨大的潜力,是一种潜在的抗生素替代品。
益生芽孢杆菌是猪肠道中的优势菌群,尤其在健康的猪肠道中常常出现大量富集。其中枯草芽孢杆菌可以牢固的黏附定植于动物肠道中,分泌多种活性物质,促进营养物质吸收,抑制病原微生物在肠道中生长,提高动物肠道免疫力,调节动物肠道菌群,降低动物腹泻和死亡率,改善动物肠道健康,此外,还可提高动物生长性能。
但是从生物分类法的层面来说,“种”是最基本的分类单元,种以下又可分为亚种、变种(特殊形体、特殊致病性等)、菌株等,因此即使同为枯草芽孢杆菌种,不同的菌株的抑菌特性和生化特性也会有差异。例如,枯草芽孢杆菌LF11对沙门氏菌有明显的抑制作用,能抑制沙门氏菌的粘附和侵袭,从而改善肉鸡的生长性能。但是枯草芽孢杆菌168对环境酸化以及活性氧的抵抗力明显弱于枯草芽孢杆菌20。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)菌株。
本发明的再一目的是提供含有上述枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)菌株的菌剂。
本发明的再一目的是提供上述枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)菌株的应用。
根据本发明的枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)菌株SKLAN202311D,保藏编号为CGMCC No. 28893。
本发明提供了上述枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)菌株SKLAN202311D用于制备用于一下目的之一的菌剂的应用,
(1)抑制病原微生物;
(2)促进动物生长;
(3)调节肠道菌群;
(4)提高动物肠道免疫力;
(5)改善动物肠道健康;
(6)降低动物腹泻。
根据本申请的应用,以上(1)中所述的病原微生物可为细菌或真菌;优选地,所述病原微生物为细菌;更优选为革兰氏阴性菌。
作为本发明的一种实施方式,所述病原微生物为大肠杆菌或沙门氏菌。
本发明提供了含有上述枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)菌株SKLAN202311D的菌剂。
根据本发明的菌剂可以是液体菌剂或固体菌剂,可采用常规技术手段、加入微生物制剂领域允许的辅料制备得到。
本发明的有益效果在于:本发明通过在金华猪结肠食糜中分离获得一株枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)菌株SKLAN202311D,该菌株对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌具有很好的抑制作用;能在动物体内定植,并对人工胆盐、人工胃酸、人工肠液耐受能力强;以对照组和枯草芽孢杆菌组的仔猪体重为指标,发现该菌株能够有效提高仔猪生长性能,在对7-28日龄的仔猪饲养试验中也显示出,枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)菌株SKLAN202311D能显著降低仔猪腹泻率,提高肠道免疫力,改善肠道健康。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例2中枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)菌株SKLAN202311D的生长曲线;
图2为本发明实施例2中枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)SKLAN202311D 的孔雀石绿染色后油镜镜检图;
图3为本发明实施例2中枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)SKLAN202311D的菌落形态图;
图4为本发明实施例3中试验仔猪整个试验期体重变化图;
图5为本发明实施例3中试验仔猪在试验开始后后第7天时体重变化情况;
图6为本发明实施例3中试验仔猪在试验开始后后第14天时体重变化情况;
图7为本发明实施例3中试验仔猪在试验开始后后第21天时体重变化情况;
图8为本发明实施例3中试验仔猪在试验开始后后第28天时体重变化情况;
图9为本发明实施例3中仔猪在整个试验期内的腹泻率统计结果;
图10为本发明实施例3中仔猪粪便差异微生物的结果。
本发明的枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)菌株SKLAN202311D,于2023年 11月07日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(简称CGMCC,地址:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所,邮编100101),分类命名为枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis,保藏编号为CGMCC No. 28893。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1 枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)菌株的分离与16S rRNA鉴定
一、枯草芽孢杆菌菌株的分离与鉴定
枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)分离自浙江省金华市婺城区金华农科院的金华猪结肠食糜中。
1、结肠食糜收集:采集24头金华猪仔猪结肠食糜各1g,加入24mL含有20%甘油的无菌生理盐水进行旋涡混匀,并分装到无菌冻存管中,每管1mL。处理完成后置于干冰中,带回实验室保存于-80°C冰箱,直到使用。
2、菌株分离:取1g金华猪仔猪结肠食糜于9mL PBS溶液中充分混匀,然后用40μm滤网过滤混匀液。将过滤得到的滤液放入80℃水浴锅中水浴半小时。水浴完成后充分混匀滤液,取1mL滤液于9ml LB肉汤中37℃摇床培养过夜。次日,充分混匀LB肉汤后取1ml 肉汤做十倍稀释。分别将10-1~ 10-7这几个浓度的稀释液涂布在LB固体培养板上,37℃培养过夜。次日,选择单菌落数为1-50个的培养板对每个单菌落进行编号,并取单菌落的一半进行镜检。挑取初步镜检菌落形态为芽孢杆菌属的单菌落在一个新的LB培养板上划线,37℃培养过夜。
3、菌株纯化和富集:挑取一个划线平板上的单菌落再次划线,37℃培养过夜。重复此过程3次,得到单一的纯化菌株。然后挑取一个单菌落于5mL LB肉汤中摇床37℃培养两天,使菌株充分富集后进行16S rRNA鉴定,并将剩余部分与含有50%甘油的生理盐水混合,保存至-80°C冰箱。
4、16S rRNA鉴定:将富集后的菌液,使用细菌通用引物进行菌落PCR扩增后, 进行16S rDNA测序鉴定,在NCBI上将各个菌株的16S rDNA序列与数据库中所有已测定细菌的16S rDNA序列进行比对,其中发现有5株与芽孢杆菌属的Bacillus subtilis MN208471的16S rDNA 序列的同源相似性最高,确定这5株菌种类别为枯草芽孢杆菌 (Bacillus subtilis)。
实施例2分离的枯草芽孢杆菌 (Bacillus subtilis) 菌株的特性检测
1、抑菌能力检测
病原指示菌选用大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)BW25113和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(Salmonella typhimurium)ATCC14028,2种常见致病菌。
采用牛津杯法测定菌株的抑菌活性。将大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)BW25113和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌 (Salmonella typhimurium)ATCC14028分别接种在LB肉汤培养基中,放置 37°C培养箱中培养12-18h。将大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)BW25113和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌 (Salmonella typhimurium) ATCC14028菌株浓度分别用无菌生理盐水调整至1×108CFU/mL,各取200μL, 均匀涂布在LB琼脂培养基,将灭菌后的牛津杯均匀轻放在LB培养基上,在牛津杯中分别加入200μL已活化并且菌液浓度在1×108CFU/mL的带有LB肉汤的枯草芽孢杆菌菌液。放置 37°C培养箱中培养12h。用游标卡尺测量抑菌圈大小并评价抑菌效果。结果显示(表1),相比于其他4株枯草芽孢杆菌,枯草芽孢杆菌 (Bacillus subtilis)菌株SKLAN202311D对大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) BW25113和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(Salmonella typhimurium)ATCC14028均有较强抑制效果。
表1 枯草芽孢杆菌对病原菌的抑制能力
菌株编号 | 沙门氏菌 | 大肠杆菌 |
SKLAN202311A | 12.47±0.40c | 17.42±0.21b |
SKLAN202311B | 11.41±0.15d | 13.57±0.25e |
SKLAN202311C | 11.56±0.33cd | 15.35±0.71d |
SKLAN202311D | 14.45±0.43a | 18.46±0.90a |
SKLAN202311E | 13.45±0.33b | 16.56±0.27c |
注:以上数值为抑菌直径,单位mm。
2、耐胆盐检测
将已活化并且菌液浓度在1×108CFU/mL的枯草芽孢杆菌菌液,分别取1mL接种到9mL含猪胆盐浓度为0.3g/100mL的无菌生理盐水中,3h后采用平板涂布法测定活菌数。
结果显示(表2),在0.3g/100mL的胆盐浓度下,相比较其它4株枯草芽孢杆菌,枯草芽孢杆菌 (Bacillus subtilis) 菌株SKLAN202311D具有最好的耐胆盐能力,存活率在92.32%左右。
表2枯草芽孢杆菌在强胆盐0.3%浓度下的存活率%
菌株编号 | 存活率 |
SKLAN202311A | 25.70±1.62d |
SKLAN202311B | 86.07±1.58a |
SKLAN202311C | 70.98±2.60b |
SKLAN202311D | 92.32±2.25a |
SKLAN202311E | 53.89±3.60c |
3、耐人工胃液检测
将已活化并且菌液浓度在1×108CFU/mL的枯草芽孢杆菌菌液,分别取1mL接种到9mL PH=1.2的人工胃液中,1h后采用平板涂布法测定活菌数。
结果显示(表3),在pH=1.2的人工胃液1h后,相比较其它4株枯草芽孢杆菌,其中,枯草芽孢杆菌 (Bacillus subtilis) 菌株SKLAN202311D具有最好的耐人工胃液能力,存活率在 3.28%左右。
表3枯草芽孢杆菌在PH=1.2的人工胃液中的存活率%
菌株编号 | 存活率% |
SKLAN202311A | 0.32±0.30b |
SKLAN202311B | 1.53±0.79b |
SKLAN202311C | 0.38±0.50b |
SKLAN202311D | 3.28±0.92a |
SKLAN202311E | 1.28±0.32b |
4、耐人工肠液检测
将已活化并且菌液浓度在1×108CFU/mL的枯草芽孢杆菌菌液,分别取1mL接种到9mL pH=7.0的人工肠液中,4h后采用平板涂布法测定活菌数。
结果显示(表4),在人工肠液4h后,相比较其它4株枯草芽孢杆菌,枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis) SKLAN202311D具有最好的耐人工肠液能力,存活率在37.76%左右。
表4枯草芽孢杆菌在人工肠液的存活率%
菌株编号 | 存活率% |
SKLAN202311A | 2.39±0.61d |
SKLAN202311B | 0.99±0.58d |
SKLAN202311C | 28.68±1.66b |
SKLAN202311D | 37.76±3.14a |
SKLAN202311E | 16.00±2.00c |
5、生长曲线测定
按1%接种量从浓度为1×108CFU/mL的枯草芽孢杆菌菌株SKLAN202311D菌液中吸取定量的菌液接种到LB肉汤培养基中,放入37°C的摇床中。每隔2h使用酶标仪测定发酵液在OD600的值。结果显示(图1),枯草芽孢杆菌SKLAN202311D菌株在4小时后开始进入对数生长期,18h进入平台期,最大活菌数为3.7×107CFU/mL。
6、形态及菌落观察
将菌体涂抹在载玻片并对其烘干,用含有1%的孔雀石绿染色3分钟,染色完成后用去离子水缓慢冲洗,洗掉多余的染色液,烘干玻片后置于显微镜下油镜观察并拍照,结果显示于(图2)。
用接种环蘸取一环菌液在LB琼脂培养基进行划线,37°C培养24h后对其菌落形态进行观察,结果显示于(图3)。
所述枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)菌株SKLAN202311D的微生物学特性如下:
(1)菌落形态:单菌落形态呈圆形或不规则形状,直径约2~5mm,呈现灰白色,不透明,菌落表面粗糙,边缘不规则;
(2)染色后细菌形态呈现短杆状,有芽孢,无荚膜,有鞭毛,能运动;
(3)生长特性:在LB液体培养基中,置于37°C摇床培养,4小时后开始进入对数生长期,18h进入平台期,最大活菌数为3.7×107CFU/mL。
实施例3 枯草芽孢杆菌菌株SKLAN202311D对仔猪肠道健康的影响
一、实验方法
选用天津某养殖场产的健康母猪12头(3 ~ 4岁,5 ~ 6胎)及其临产仔猪。在断奶前,所有育有哺乳仔猪的母猪分别被圈养在封闭的产房内,并提供商品饲料和自由饮水。猪圈环境保持清洁、通风,并定期消毒。
所有母猪被随机分为对照组(Con)和菌液饲喂组(B.s)。每组6头母猪,每窝选取6头仔猪。两组仔猪初始体重相近(初始BW =1.32±0.09 kg),并在21日龄开始断奶。Con组:从仔猪7日龄开始,对仔猪饲喂商用教槽料 (ND),使其自由采食,直至28日龄结束试验;B.s组:从仔猪7日龄开始,对仔猪饲喂额外含有5×1010CFU/kg枯草芽孢杆菌菌株SKLAN202311D的同品牌商用饲料,使其自由采食,直至28日龄结束试验。试验过程中,7、14、21、28天测量仔猪体重,观察并记录仔猪的状态,统计仔猪腹泻率,采集粪便等。
二、检测指标
1、试验期间,每天统计仔猪腹泻率。
2、第7、14、21、28天测量仔猪体重。
3、第28天采集仔猪粪便。
三、实验结果
1、仔猪体重情况:整个试验中仔猪每周的生长变化情况如图4所示,第7天两组间的仔猪体重没有明显差异(图5);第14天时,虽B.s组与Con组的仔猪体重无显著差异,但是从数值上来看,B.s组的仔猪体重高于Con组(图6);第21天时,B.s组的仔猪体重显著高于Con组(图7);第28天时,B.s组的仔猪体重显著高于Con组(图8)。
2、腹泻率:如图9所示,B.s组仔猪的腹泻率显著低于Con组。
3、微生物组学:如图10所示,B.s组仔猪粪便中的有益微生物显著高于Con组。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (7)
1.枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)菌株SKLAN202311D,其特征在于,所述枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)菌株SKLAN202311D的保藏编号为CGMCC No. 28893。
2. 含有权利要求1所述的枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)菌株SKLAN202311D的菌剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的菌剂,其特征在于,所述菌剂包括所述的枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)菌株SKLAN202311D的发酵产物。
4.权利要求1所述枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)菌株SKLAN202311D用于制备用于以下任意用途的制剂的应用,
(1)抑制病原微生物;
(2)促进动物生长;
(3)提高动物肠道免疫力;
(4)改善动物肠道健康;
(5)降低动物腹泻;
(6)调节肠道菌群。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,在所述用途(1)中,所述病原微生物为细菌。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述病原微生物为革兰氏阴性菌。
7.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述病原微生物为大肠杆菌或沙门氏菌。
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