CN117887596B - Preparation method of tricholoma giganteum liquid strain - Google Patents
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- 241000302587 Macrocybe gigantea Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 241000168720 Panax japonicus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000003174 Panax japonicus Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000007244 Zea mays Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229940089639 cornsilk Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000009630 liquid culture Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000001231 zea mays silk Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 201000002909 Aspergillosis Diseases 0.000 abstract description 9
- 208000036641 Aspergillus infections Diseases 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 12
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 9
- 206010064458 Penicilliosis Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
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- 241000228143 Penicillium Species 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of tricholoma giganteum liquid strain, which comprises the following steps: s1, weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 6% -9% of glucose, 1% -2.5% of soluble starch, 0.1% -0.5% of sodium sulfate, 0.1% -0.4% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5% -0.8% of yeast powder, 0.3% -0.6% of fermentation accelerator and the balance of water; the mass part ratio of the corn silk polysaccharide to the panax japonicus extract in the fermentation accelerator is 2-5: 4-7; s2, adding the raw materials weighed in the step S1 into a fermentation tank, uniformly mixing, sterilizing, cooling to room temperature to obtain a liquid strain culture medium, inoculating tricholoma giganteum strain into the liquid culture medium, and carrying out low-speed stirring and aeration culture for 5-7 days to obtain the tricholoma giganteum liquid strain. According to the invention, corn silk polysaccharide and a panax japonicus extract with specific proportions are added into the liquid culture medium as a fermentation promoter, so that the incidence rate of tricholoma giganteum fruiting body aspergillosis and green mold can be reduced while the mycelium density in liquid strains is remarkably improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tricholoma giganteum seed production, in particular to a method for preparing tricholoma giganteum liquid strain.
Background
The tricholoma giganteum is a rare edible fungus with wide development prospect, and the fruiting body of the tricholoma giganteum is rich in nutrition and good in quality. The novel strain with Yunnan local characteristics is cultivated through domestication and breeding, fruiting bodies are clustered or clustered, the individual is large, the texture is compact, crisp, fresh and sweet, the taste is fine and smooth, the fragrance is rich, the taste of the cap handle is consistent, the appearance is attractive, umbrella opening is difficult, cell growth is slow, insects or rot is difficult, the storage and transportation resistance is good, and the novel strain is suitable for fresh marketing and processing. The preservation period can be up to 30 days without color and smell change under the condition of 4-6 ℃. It shows excellent product characteristics and higher edible and economic values. According to analysis, the tricholoma giganteum contains 35.28% of protein and 9.58% of crude fat per 100 g of dry product. The total sugar content is 38.44%, the crude fiber content is 8.20%, and the polysaccharide content is up to 8.41%, so that the edible fungi is a high-quality edible fungi rich in fungus polysaccharide.
The liquid strain is prepared by introducing sterile air into a container by adopting a liquid culture medium, stirring, increasing the dissolved oxygen content in the culture medium, providing oxygen required by respiratory metabolism of edible fungus, and controlling proper external conditions to obtain a large amount of mycelia. The method has the advantages of low cost, short seed production time, fast germination after inoculation, fast growth speed, high purity and the like.
At present, the liquid strain for preparing tricholoma giganteum in the prior art mostly adopts potatoes, corn flour, soybean powder and the like as main raw materials, and the problems of overlarge bacterial balls, low mycelium density and the like exist when the liquid strain bacterial liquid is stirred and fermented at a low speed; when the liquid strain is sprayed and cultivated, the spray nozzle can be blocked by too large fungus balls, and the tricholoma giganteum cannot be quickly grown into dominant strain under the condition of too low mycelium density, so that the occurrence of penicilliosis and aspergillosis is easier to cause, and the yield of the tricholoma giganteum is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the inventor of the invention aims to provide a preparation method of tricholoma giganteum liquid strain, and finds that the phenomenon of overlarge fungus balls can be reduced and the mycelium density can be increased to a certain extent by using glucose and soluble starch instead of potato, corn flour, soybean powder and the like as main raw materials of a liquid culture medium through experimental screening, but the incidence rate of the penicillium and aspergillosis can be kept at 5% -7% when the tricholoma giganteum liquid strain is sprayed for cultivating sporophore, which is not beneficial to the industrialization and large-scale production of tricholoma giganteum. In order to reduce the incidence of penicilliosis and aspergillosis, the inventor finds that adding corn silk polysaccharide and a panax japonicus extract with specific proportions into a liquid culture medium as a fermentation promoter can obviously improve the mycelium density in liquid strains and reduce the incidence of tricholoma giganteum fruiting body aspergillosis and penicilliosis at the same time through a large number of experimental researches and screens.
The technical aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of tricholoma giganteum liquid strain comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 6% -9% of glucose, 1% -2.5% of soluble starch, 0.1% -0.5% of sodium sulfate, 0.1% -0.4% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5% -0.8% of yeast powder, 0.3% -0.6% of fermentation accelerator and the balance of water; the mass ratio of the corn silk polysaccharide to the panax japonicus extract in the fermentation accelerator is 2-5:4-7;
S2, adding the raw materials weighed in the step S1 into a fermentation tank, uniformly mixing, sterilizing, cooling to room temperature to obtain a liquid strain culture medium, inoculating tricholoma giganteum strain into the liquid culture medium, and carrying out low-speed stirring and aeration culture for 5-7 days to obtain the tricholoma giganteum liquid strain.
Further, in the step S1, the following raw materials in mass fraction are weighed: 7% of glucose, 2% of soluble starch, 0.3% of sodium sulfate, 0.3% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.7% of yeast powder, 0.5% of fermentation accelerator and the balance of water; the mass fraction ratio of the corn silk polysaccharide to the panax japonicus extract in the fermentation accelerator is 3:7.
Further, the mass fraction ratio of corn silk polysaccharide to the panax japonicus extract in the fermentation accelerator is 3:7.
Further, the rotating speed of low-speed stirring in the step S2 is 120 r/min-150 r/min.
Further, in the step S2, ventilation is performed to enable the dissolved oxygen content in the liquid culture medium to reach 45% -80%.
Further, the temperature of the low-speed stirring aeration culture in the step S2 is 22-25 ℃.
In summary, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
The invention uses glucose and soluble starch to replace potato, corn flour, soybean powder and the like as main raw materials of the liquid culture medium, so that the phenomenon of overlarge fungus balls can be reduced, and hyphae can be increased to a certain extent;
secondly, corn silk polysaccharide and a panax japonicus extract are added into a tricholoma giganteum liquid culture medium as a fermentation promoter, so that the incidence rate of tricholoma giganteum fruiting body aspergillosis and penicilliosis is reduced while the mycelium density in liquid strains can be remarkably improved;
And thirdly, the tricholoma giganteum liquid culture medium prepared by the method has high mycelium density and tiny mycelium pellets, is favorable for automatically spraying the mycelium liquid, can reduce the occurrence of the event that the mycelium pellets block a spray head, and can improve the industrial production efficiency.
Detailed Description
The present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments, and modifications can be made to the embodiments without creative contribution by those skilled in the art after reading the present specification, but are protected by patent laws within the scope of claims of the present invention.
The raw materials related to the invention are all commercial products, and the tested Tricholoma giganteum strain is Xinyu Tg-1.
Example 1
A preparation method of tricholoma giganteum liquid strain comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 7% of glucose, 2% of soluble starch, 0.3% of sodium sulfate, 0.3% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.7% of yeast powder, 0.5% of fermentation accelerator and the balance of water; the mass ratio of the corn silk polysaccharide to the panax japonicus extract in the fermentation accelerator is 3:7;
s2, adding the raw materials weighed in the step S1 into a fermentation tank, uniformly mixing, sterilizing, cooling to room temperature to obtain a liquid strain culture medium, inoculating tricholoma giganteum strain into the liquid culture medium, and culturing for 6 days at the temperature of 25 ℃ at the stirring speed of 120r/min and the ventilation speed of 45% -80% of oxygen content to obtain the tricholoma giganteum liquid strain.
Example 2
A preparation method of tricholoma giganteum liquid strain comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 6% of glucose, 1% of soluble starch, 0.3% of sodium sulfate, 0.1% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5% of yeast powder, 0.3% of fermentation accelerator and the balance of water; the mass fraction ratio of the corn silk polysaccharide to the panax japonicus extract in the fermentation accelerator is 2:4;
S2, adding the raw materials weighed in the step S1 into a fermentation tank, uniformly mixing, sterilizing, cooling to room temperature to obtain a liquid strain culture medium, inoculating tricholoma giganteum strain into the liquid culture medium, and culturing for 5 days at the temperature of 22 ℃ at the stirring speed of 100r/min and the ventilation until the oxygen content is 45% -80%.
Example 3
A preparation method of tricholoma giganteum liquid strain comprises the following steps:
S1, weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 9% of glucose, 2.5% of soluble starch, 0.5% of sodium sulfate, 0.4% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.8% of yeast powder, 0.6% of fermentation accelerator and the balance of water; the mass ratio of the corn silk polysaccharide to the panax japonicus extract in the fermentation accelerator is 5:7;
S2, adding the raw materials weighed in the step S1 into a fermentation tank, uniformly mixing, sterilizing, cooling to room temperature to obtain a liquid strain culture medium, inoculating tricholoma giganteum strain into the liquid culture medium, and culturing for 7 days at 25 ℃ at a stirring speed of 150r/min until the oxygen content is 45% -80%.
Example 4
A preparation method of tricholoma giganteum liquid strain comprises the following steps:
S1, weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 7% of glucose, 1.5% of soluble starch, 0.4% of sodium sulfate, 0.2% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.7% of yeast powder, 0.5% of fermentation accelerator and the balance of water; the mass fraction ratio of the corn silk polysaccharide to the panax japonicus extract in the fermentation accelerator is 2:7;
S2, adding the raw materials weighed in the step S1 into a fermentation tank, uniformly mixing, sterilizing, cooling to room temperature to obtain a liquid strain culture medium, inoculating tricholoma giganteum strain into the liquid culture medium, and culturing for 7 days at 25 ℃ at a stirring speed of 150r/min until the oxygen content is 45% -80%.
Example 5
A preparation method of tricholoma giganteum liquid strain comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 7% of glucose, 1.5% of soluble starch, 0.4% of sodium sulfate, 0.2% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.7% of yeast powder, 0.5% of fermentation accelerator and the balance of water; the mass ratio of the corn silk polysaccharide to the panax japonicus extract in the fermentation accelerator is 5:4;
S2, adding the raw materials weighed in the step S1 into a fermentation tank, uniformly mixing, sterilizing, cooling to room temperature to obtain a liquid strain culture medium, inoculating tricholoma giganteum strain into the liquid culture medium, and culturing for 6 days at the temperature of 23 ℃ at the stirring speed of 120r/min and the ventilation speed of 45% -80% of oxygen content to obtain the tricholoma giganteum liquid strain.
Example 6
S1, weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 6% of glucose, 2.5% of soluble starch, 0.1% of sodium sulfate, 0.2% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.7% of yeast powder, 0.5% of fermentation accelerator and the balance of water; the mass ratio of the corn silk polysaccharide to the panax japonicus extract in the fermentation accelerator is 3:5;
S2, adding the raw materials weighed in the step S1 into a fermentation tank, uniformly mixing, sterilizing, cooling to room temperature to obtain a liquid strain culture medium, inoculating tricholoma giganteum strain into the liquid culture medium, and culturing for 7 days at 25 ℃ at a stirring speed of 150r/min until the oxygen content is 45% -80%.
Comparative example one
The first comparative example differs from the first example in that: no fermentation promoter is added.
Comparative example two
The second comparative example differs from the first example in that: only corn silk polysaccharide is added, and the Japanese ginseng extract is not added.
Comparative example three
The first comparative example differs from the first example in that: only the extract of the panax japonicus is added, and the corn silk polysaccharide is not added.
Liquid strain detection and cultivation test
Liquid spawn of tricholoma giganteum was prepared according to the above examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples one to three, and the performance of the liquid spawn was examined, and the detection indexes included:
1. mycelium pellet diameter: randomly selecting 10 mycelium pellets, arranging the mycelium pellets into a straight line, measuring the total length by using a vernier card, repeating the measurement for 3 times, and taking an average value;
2. mycelium pellet density: taking 1mL of fermentation liquor, diluting with 9mL of water, uniformly mixing, sucking 1mL of dilution liquor, and counting in a plate culture dish;
3. Mycelium pellet dry weight: filtering the fermentation liquor by using two layers of gauze, discarding the filtrate, collecting mycelium, washing by using deionized water, drying at 50 ℃ until the weight is constant, and weighing;
The test results are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 liquid strain Performance test results of Tricholoma giganteum
From table 1 above, the mycelium pellet diameters of examples 1 to 6 are significantly smaller than those of comparative examples one to three, the mycelium pellet densities are significantly higher than those of comparative examples one to three, and the mycelium pellet dry weights are significantly heavier than those of comparative examples one to three, so that the mycelium pellet density in the fungus liquid can be significantly improved and the mycelium pellet diameters can be reduced by the tricholoma giganteum liquid strain preparation method.
Spray cultivation experiments were performed using the tricholoma giganteum liquid spawns prepared in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples one to three, the liquid spawns were sprayed onto the tricholoma giganteum cultivation medium using a spawn spray nozzle, 10m 2 was sprayed and cultivated in each example or comparative example, and three repetitions were performed, the tricholoma giganteum fruiting body was cultivated until the first crop of tricholoma giganteum was mature (7 days after a large amount of mushrooms) according to conventional management, tricholoma giganteum fruiting bodies of 0.5cm or more were harvested, the total number of three repetitions of tricholoma giganteum fruiting bodies in each example or comparative example was counted, and the average value was calculated, and it was noted that: n 0; the number of the three repeated attacks of the tricholoma giganteum fruiting body aspergillosis and penicilliosis in each example or comparative example was counted, and the average value was calculated as: n 1, calculating aspergillosis and penicilliosis incidence = N 0/N1 x 100%, the results are shown in table 2 below:
table 2 incidence of tricholoma giganteum fruiting body cultivated by liquid strain of examples and comparative examples
As can be seen from the table 2, the tricholoma giganteum fruiting body cultivated by the method can obviously reduce the incidence of penicilliosis and aspergillosis, and is beneficial to improving the yield in large-scale cultivation of factories.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of tricholoma giganteum (Macrocybe gigantea) liquid strain is characterized in that: comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 6% -9% of glucose, 1% -2.5% of soluble starch, 0.1% -0.5% of sodium sulfate, 0.1% -0.4% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5% -0.8% of yeast powder, 0.3% -0.6% of fermentation accelerator and the balance of water; the mass part ratio of the corn silk polysaccharide to the panax japonicus extract in the fermentation accelerator is 2-5: 4-7;
S2, adding the raw materials weighed in the step S1 into a fermentation tank, uniformly mixing, sterilizing, cooling to room temperature to obtain a liquid strain culture medium, inoculating tricholoma giganteum strain into the liquid culture medium, and carrying out low-speed stirring and aeration culture for 5-7 days to obtain the tricholoma giganteum liquid strain.
2. The method for preparing the tricholoma giganteum liquid strain according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S1, the following raw materials in mass fraction are weighed: 7% of glucose, 2% of soluble starch, 0.3% of sodium sulfate, 0.3% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.7% of yeast powder, 0.5% of fermentation accelerator and the balance of water; the mass fraction ratio of the corn silk polysaccharide to the panax japonicus extract in the fermentation accelerator is 3:7.
3. The method for preparing the tricholoma giganteum liquid strain according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the mass fraction ratio of the corn silk polysaccharide to the panax japonicus extract in the fermentation accelerator is 3:7.
4. The method for preparing the tricholoma giganteum liquid strain according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the rotating speed of low-speed stirring in the step S2 is 120 r/min-150 r/min.
5. The method for preparing the tricholoma giganteum liquid strain according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and in the step S2, ventilation is performed to enable the dissolved oxygen content in the liquid culture medium to reach 45% -80%.
6. The method for preparing the tricholoma giganteum liquid strain according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and in the step S2, the temperature of low-speed stirring aeration culture is 22-25 ℃.
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