CN117733656B - High-reliability turning and milling composite machining center - Google Patents
High-reliability turning and milling composite machining center Download PDFInfo
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- CN117733656B CN117733656B CN202410186669.8A CN202410186669A CN117733656B CN 117733656 B CN117733656 B CN 117733656B CN 202410186669 A CN202410186669 A CN 202410186669A CN 117733656 B CN117733656 B CN 117733656B
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- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 260
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000020347 spindle assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002173 cutting fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010057040 Temperature intolerance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010485 coping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008543 heat sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012625 in-situ measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-reliability turning and milling composite machining center, which relates to the technical field of composite machining and comprises a lathe bed with a flat ladder structure, guide rail assemblies, turning and milling assemblies, turning assemblies and cutting tool turret assemblies, wherein the guide rail assemblies, the turning and milling assemblies, the turning assemblies and the cutting tool turret assemblies are arranged on different ladders and are respectively and slidably clamped on corresponding guide rail assemblies, and part of the guide rail assemblies have height differences. The structure of the lathe bed adopts a flat-arranged ladder structure, so that the movement interference of each part is solved by planar layout, the overall length-width ratio of the lathe bed is smaller than that of a conventional compound lathe bed, and the accuracy sensitivity of the lathe bed in a single direction is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of compound machining, in particular to the technical field of high-reliability turning and milling compound machining centers.
Background
The composite machining technology is an advanced machining technology integrating an advanced servo control technology, an online in-situ measurement technology and a CAD/CAM application technology on a traditional universal machine tool based on a mechanical design technology and a precision manufacturing technology. The essence of this processing technology is a technological innovation based on flexible manufacturing technology. The turning and milling composite machining center based on composite machining technology is mainly turning, integrates milling, boring, drilling and other functions, and is provided with a turning and milling dual-purpose spindle and an automatic feeding and discharging and tool changing system. The device can complete the machining of all turning, milling, drilling, boring, tapping and the like through one-time clamping on one piece of equipment, greatly shortens the machining preparation time, can ensure the product precision and the consistency of mass production sizes, and greatly improves the production efficiency.
The existing inclined lathe bed type turning center mainly uses a double-spindle turning center, only small cutting power milling processing can be met due to the fact that the scheme of a servo turret with a power tool is adopted, in order to meet the milling rigidity requirement, an orthogonal or interpolation type Y axis can be additionally arranged on the machine tool for meeting the power milling tool stroke requirement of the turret, due to the fact that an inclined lathe bed design mode is adopted, the whole XYZ feeding axis of the turret is integrated on the upper portion of the machine tool, the problem of insufficient rigidity of a processing process is caused, and the equipment can only meet the multi-station processing requirement by increasing the number of the turrets and is complex in operation and easy to interfere. Therefore, the inclined lathe bed type turning center has the turning and milling composite processing capability, but has the problems of small milling power, poor rigidity and insufficient processing capability.
In addition, the frame-type structure turning and milling composite machining center often adopts a composite lathe bed, but is not widely popularized due to cost and technical limitation, and because the frame-type cast iron structure lathe bed is adopted, a high-power milling and turning integrated main shaft is adopted, in order to ensure the interference prevention problem among all moving parts, the support of a casting by functional parts is required to be additionally prolonged, meanwhile, in order to ensure the maximum length of a workable workpiece, the whole lathe bed is long, the rigidity of the lathe bed is weak, the problem of Z-axis precision heat sensitivity exists, and the structure is easy to be interfered by the outside because a complex precision compensation algorithm is required to be adopted for coping with a changeable cutting environment and the data of all parts are monitored in real time by virtue of various sensors, so that the reliability of the machine tool is reduced to a certain extent, and the equipment cost and the development difficulty are obviously increased. Therefore, the frame-type structure turning and milling composite machining center has strong turning and milling composite capability, but is poor in lathe bed precision retention and easy to be interfered in order to ensure the machining range and the interference prevention of moving parts.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at: the invention provides a high-reliability turning and milling composite machining center, which aims to solve the technical problems of easiness in external interference, poor reliability and high cost of the existing turning and milling composite machining center. The high-power milling is guaranteed, the motion interference prevention requirements of all parts are met, the rigidity of the lathe bed is improved, and the reliability of the lathe is further improved.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for realizing the purposes:
The invention provides a high-reliability turning and milling composite machining center which comprises a lathe bed with a flat ladder structure, guide rail assemblies, turning and milling assemblies, turning assemblies and cutting tool turret assemblies, wherein the guide rail assemblies, the turning and milling assemblies, the turning assemblies and the cutting tool turret assemblies are arranged on all levels of steps along the length direction, the turning and milling assemblies, the turning assemblies and the cutting tool turret assemblies are positioned on different steps and are respectively and slidably clamped on corresponding guide rail assemblies, and the height difference exists among part of the guide rail assemblies.
In particular, the structure of the lathe bed adopts a flat-arranged ladder structure, so that the motion interference of all parts (a turning and milling assembly, a turning assembly and a cutting turret assembly) is more emphasized through the plane layout, the whole length-width ratio of the lathe bed is smaller than that of a conventional compound lathe bed, and the precision sensitivity of the lathe bed in a single direction is reduced.
In addition, the steps on the lathe bed for installing the guide rail assemblies are in a horizontal or vertical state, and the height difference exists in part of the guide rail assemblies.
In one embodiment, the lathe bed comprises a stepped mounting surface which is horizontally arranged in three stages, the guide rail assembly comprises a first guide rail assembly, a second guide rail assembly and a third guide rail assembly which are sequentially arranged on the corresponding stepped mounting surface from top to bottom, and the turning assembly, the turning assembly and the cutting turret assembly are respectively arranged on the first guide rail assembly, the second guide rail assembly and the third guide rail assembly.
In one embodiment, the first guide rail assembly comprises a first right side rail and a first left side rail which are parallel to each other, the first right side rail and the first left side rail are arranged on a horizontal installation surface of the first step along the length direction, a first screw rod assembly is arranged on the first step installation surface between the first right side rail and the first left side rail, the first screw rod assembly drives the turning and milling assembly to slide along the length direction of the first guide rail assembly, and the first right side rail and the first left side rail are identical in height.
Specifically, the first guide rail component is a guide rail for Z2-axis motion of the turning and milling component; the first screw rod assembly is a screw rod for driving the turning and milling assembly to move along the Z2 axis in a linear manner, and the first motor drives the first screw rod assembly to move so as to realize the movement of the turning and milling assembly along the Z2 axis; the first linear displacement sensor realizes the full closed-loop motion control of the first motor, and improves the control precision.
In addition, as shown in fig. 7, the first guide rail assembly includes a first right side rail and a first left side rail, both of which are installed in a horizontal plane, and the first right side rail can be installed on the side of the bed to further shorten the width dimension of the bed.
In one embodiment, the turn-milling assembly comprises a turn-milling swing head and a power column assembly driving the turn-milling swing head to move in an XYZ three-way translational motion;
The turning and milling swinging head comprises a swinging shaft and a turning and milling main shaft, and the swinging shaft drives the turning and milling main shaft to rotate;
The power column assembly comprises a first carriage which is connected to the first guide rail assembly in a sliding manner along the Z direction, a column mechanism which is provided with the first carriage in a sliding manner along the X direction, and a spindle box which is provided on the column mechanism in a sliding manner along the Y direction, wherein the turning spindle is installed in the spindle box.
Specifically, the movable upright post component adopts an XYZ orthogonal structure, and the first carriage, the upright post mechanism and the main shaft box all adopt metal castings, so that the driving stability and the transmission precision are ensured. Linear guide rail and ball screw transmission modes are adopted among the lathe bed, the first carriage and upright post mechanism and the main shaft box, meanwhile, linear displacement sensors are arranged, and therefore X2/Y2/Z2 three-axis full closed-loop control is achieved.
In one embodiment, the second guide rail assembly comprises a second right side rail and a second left side rail which are parallel to each other, the second right side rail and the second left side rail are arranged on the horizontal installation surface of the second step along the length direction, a second screw rod assembly is arranged on the second step installation surface between the second right side rail and the second left side rail, the second screw rod assembly drives a part of the turning assembly to slide along the length direction of the second guide rail assembly, and a height difference exists between the second right side rail and the second left side rail.
Specifically, the second guide rail component is a guide rail for Z1 axis movement of a turning auxiliary main shaft component of the turning component; the second screw rod assembly is a screw rod for driving the turning auxiliary main shaft assembly to move along the Z1 axis in a straight line manner, and the second motor drives the second screw rod assembly to move so as to realize the movement of the turning auxiliary main shaft assembly along the Z1 axis direction; the second linear displacement sensor realizes the full closed-loop motion control of the second motor, and improves the control precision.
In addition, the second right side rail and the second left side rail have designed height fall and transverse distance, so that cutting fluid and chips are discharged from the left side position in the machining process. The second left side rail has a height lower than the height of the axis of the second screw assembly, and the axis of the second screw assembly has a height lower than the axis of the second right side rail.
In one embodiment, the turning assembly comprises a turning positive spindle assembly fixedly arranged on the horizontal installation surface of the secondary step and a turning auxiliary spindle assembly which is in sliding clamping connection with the second guide rail assembly;
the turning positive spindle assembly comprises a turning positive spindle box, a turning spindle rigidly connected to the turning positive spindle box and a main turning chuck arranged on the turning spindle;
The auxiliary turning spindle assembly comprises an auxiliary turning spindle box, an auxiliary turning spindle rigidly connected to the auxiliary turning spindle box and an auxiliary turning chuck arranged on the auxiliary turning spindle, the axis of the auxiliary turning spindle is collinear with the axis of the auxiliary turning spindle, and the second screw rod assembly drives the auxiliary turning spindle box to slide along the length direction of the second guide rail assembly;
Specifically, the machine tool layout adopts a double-turning spindle double-cutting station separation mode, so that one-time clamping full-automatic machining can be realized, and double-spindle simultaneous part machining can be realized.
The turning positive spindle assembly is used for realizing stable fixation of a turning spindle, wherein the turning positive spindle box is directly and rigidly connected with the lathe bed, the turning positive spindle is rigidly connected with the turning positive spindle box, the main turning chuck is rigidly connected with the turning positive spindle, the turning positive spindle can adopt a mechanical spindle or adopt a direct driving electric spindle, and if the mechanical spindle is adopted, a spindle driving motor is required to be configured, the turning positive spindle can be further configured with an angle displacement sensor to realize C-axis closed-loop driving.
In addition, the auxiliary turning spindle assembly is used for realizing stable fixation of the auxiliary turning spindle, wherein the auxiliary turning spindle box is connected with the lathe bed through the second screw rod assembly and the second guide rail assembly, can drive the auxiliary turning spindle and the auxiliary turning chuck to move in the Z1 direction (horizontally and transversely, namely in the length direction of the second guide rail assembly) on the lathe bed, and can be also provided with the second linear displacement sensor to realize Z1-axis closed-loop movement. The auxiliary turning spindle is rigidly connected with the auxiliary turning spindle box, the auxiliary turning chuck is rigidly connected with the auxiliary turning spindle, the auxiliary turning spindle can also adopt a mechanical spindle or a direct driving electric spindle, and if the mechanical spindle is adopted, a spindle driving motor needs to be arranged, the auxiliary turning spindle can also be provided with an angle displacement sensor to realize closed-loop driving of the C1 shaft.
In one embodiment, the third guide rail assembly includes a third right side rail and a third left side rail that are parallel to each other, the third right side rail is disposed on a horizontal mounting surface of the third stage ladder along a length direction, the third left side rail is disposed on a vertical mounting surface of the third stage ladder along a length direction, a third screw rod assembly is disposed on the third stage ladder mounting surface between the third right side rail and the third left side rail, the third screw rod assembly drives the cutting tool turret assembly to reciprocate along the length direction of the third guide rail assembly, and a height difference exists between the third right side rail and the third left side rail.
Specifically, the third guide rail component is a guide rail for Z3-axis movement of the cutting turret component; the third screw rod assembly is a screw rod for driving the cutting turret assembly to move along the Z3 axis in a straight line manner, and the third motor drives the third screw rod assembly to move so as to realize the movement of the cutting turret assembly along the Z3 axis direction; the third linear displacement sensor realizes the full closed-loop motion control of the third motor and improves the control precision.
In addition, the height of the third left side rail is lower than the axis height of the third screw rod assembly, the axis height of the third screw rod assembly is lower than the height of the third right side rail, and the third left side rail is arranged on the vertical installation surface of the third stage step, so that the width size of the lathe bed is further shortened.
In one embodiment, the cutting turret assembly comprises a second carriage slidably clamped on the third guide rail assembly, a turret carriage slidably clamped on the second carriage, and a servo turret fixedly connected to the turret carriage, wherein the moving direction of the second carriage is orthogonal to the moving direction of the turret carriage, the moving direction of the turret carriage is obliquely arranged, and the third screw assembly drives the second carriage to reciprocate on the third guide rail assembly.
Specifically, the cutting tool turret assembly is used for driving the servo tool turret to realize stable movement in the X3/Z3 direction (Z3 horizontal transverse direction and X3 inclined longitudinal direction), wherein the second carriage is connected with the lathe bed through the third screw rod assembly and is used for driving the tool turret carriage and the servo tool turret to realize Z3 axis direction driving on the lathe bed; the turret dragging plate is connected with the second dragging plate through a third screw rod assembly and is used for driving the servo turret to move in the X3 axis direction of the lathe bed; the servo turret is rigidly connected with the turret carriage, and can be a servo power turret with a power milling function.
In addition, the X3 direction is orthogonal with the Z3 direction, but is not parallel to the X2 axis, and the X3 direction is in an inclined mode, so that the servo tool turret can drive a tool to pass through the axes of the turning positive main shaft and the turning auxiliary main shaft in the X3 negative direction, and meanwhile, when the servo tool turret is at the limit position of the X3 positive direction, the servo tool turret and the turning auxiliary main shaft component can move along the Z3/Z1 axis respectively without interference.
In one embodiment, the bed is made of mineral material or metal casting material.
Specifically, the scheme discloses the preferable material of the lathe bed, the length-width ratio of the lathe bed is reduced, and the whole rigidity is ensured by adopting mineral materials. The lathe bed is not limited to be made of mineral materials or metal castings, and can be made of other materials.
In one embodiment, the turning tool comprises a turning tool magazine located on one side of the turning main shaft assembly, wherein the turning tool magazine comprises a chain tool magazine for storing tools, a base for supporting the chain tool magazine, a support for connecting the chain tool magazine and a lathe bed, and a tool changing point arranged on one side of the chain tool magazine.
Specifically, in order to ensure multi-process machining of the turning and milling swing head, a turning and milling tool magazine needs to be configured, wherein a movable upright column component XYZ moves to a tool changing point and rotates with a turning and milling swing head B axis, a turning and milling spindle is moved to the turning and milling tool changing point to finish tool exchange with the turning and milling tool magazine, the turning and milling tool magazine adopts a chain type large-capacity structure to ensure multi-process machining requirements, and a turning and milling spindle tool exchange mode can be used for directly taking and placing tools by adopting a spindle or taking and placing tools by means of a tool changing mechanical arm.
In addition, the tool magazine of the turning milling tool is positioned beside the turning main shaft assembly, and tool exchange is realized through the large-stroke Z2 axis of the lathe bed without interference.
Working principle: the layout scheme of the turning and milling composite machining center is shown in fig. 1, a lathe bed which is horizontally arranged and has a ladder structure is integrally adopted, a main spindle, an auxiliary spindle and a double-station cutting mode are provided, an upper station cutting part is a turning and milling swinging head, turning and milling functions are supported, and the turning and milling composite machining center can move in three directions relative to the lathe bed XYZ and can rotate along a B axis; the lower station cutting part is a servo power turret which supports turning and low-power milling, the turret can move relative to the machine body XZ direction, the turret is a multi-station turret, and a turning tool and a milling power tool apron can be installed. The turning spindle and the auxiliary spindle are provided with closed-loop elements, so that the turning spindle has a C-axis function.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
The invention has reasonable design, and the structure of the lathe bed adopts a flat ladder structure, so that the movement interference of each part (the turning and milling assembly, the turning assembly and the cutting turret assembly) is solved by the plane layout, the whole length-width ratio of the lathe bed is smaller than that of the conventional composite lathe bed, and the precision sensitivity of the lathe bed in a single direction is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a high reliability milling composite machining center of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view from one side of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a right side view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the driving members of the bed;
FIG. 6 is a view from one side of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a left side view of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a top view of FIG. 6;
reference numerals: the machine tool comprises a machine body 1, a first carriage 2, a 3-turning auxiliary spindle assembly, a 4-upright post mechanism, a 5-spindle box, a 6-turning swing head, a 7-turning spindle assembly, an 8-turning tool magazine, a 9-servo tool turret, a 10-tool turret carriage and a 11-second carriage;
1-1-first guide rail assembly, 1-2-first screw rod assembly, 1-3-first linear displacement sensor, 1-4-second guide rail assembly, 1-5-second screw rod assembly, 1-6-second linear displacement sensor, 1-7-third guide rail assembly, 1-8-third screw rod assembly, 1-9-third linear displacement sensor, 1-10-first motor, 1-11-second motor, 1-12-third motor;
3-1-turning auxiliary spindle box, 3-2-turning auxiliary spindle and 3-3-auxiliary turning chuck;
6-1-swinging shafts and 6-2-turning and milling main shafts;
7-1-turning a main spindle box, 7-2-turning a main spindle and 7-3-turning a chuck;
8-1-brackets, 8-2-chain type tool magazine, 8-3-base and 8-4-tool changing points;
1-1-1-first right side rail, 1-1-2-first left side rail;
1-4-1-second right side rail, 1-4-2-second left side rail;
1-7-1-third right side rail, 1-7-2-third left side rail.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In describing embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "inner", "outer", "upper", etc. are directions or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, or those that are conventionally put in place when the inventive product is used, are merely for convenience of description and simplification of description, and are not indicative or implying that the apparatus or element in question must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1to 8, the present embodiment provides a high-reliability turning and milling composite machining center, which includes a lathe bed 1 having a flat ladder structure, a guide rail assembly, a turning and milling assembly, a turning assembly and a cutting turret assembly disposed on each stage of ladder along a length direction, wherein the turning and milling assembly, the turning assembly and the cutting turret assembly are disposed on different steps and are respectively slidably clamped on corresponding guide rail assemblies, and a height difference exists between part of the guide rail assemblies.
In particular, the structure of the lathe bed 1 adopts a flat-arranged ladder structure, so that the motion interference of all parts (a turning and milling assembly, a turning assembly and a cutting turret assembly) is more emphasized through the plane layout, the overall length-width ratio of the lathe bed 1 is smaller than that of the conventional composite lathe bed 1, and the accuracy sensitivity of the lathe bed in one direction is reduced.
In addition, the steps of the machine tool body 1 for installing the guide rail assemblies are in a horizontal or vertical state, and the height difference exists in part of the guide rail assemblies.
Example 2
This example was further optimized on the basis of example 1, specifically:
The lathe bed 1 comprises a stepped installation surface which is horizontally arranged in three stages, the guide rail assembly comprises a first guide rail assembly 1-1, a second guide rail assembly 1-4 and a third guide rail assembly 1-7 which are sequentially arranged on the corresponding stepped installation surface from top to bottom, and the turning assembly, the turning assembly and the cutting tool turret assembly are respectively arranged on the first guide rail assembly 1-1, the second guide rail assembly 1-4 and the third guide rail assembly 1-7.
Example 3
This example was further optimized on the basis of example 2, specifically:
The first guide rail assembly 1-1 comprises a first right side rail 1-1-1 and a first left side rail 1-1-2 which are parallel to each other, the first right side rail 1-1-1 and the first left side rail 1-1-2 are arranged on a horizontal installation surface of a first-stage ladder along the length direction, a first screw rod assembly 1-2 is arranged on the first-stage ladder installation surface between the first right side rail 1-1-1 and the first left side rail 1-2, the first screw rod assembly 1-2 drives the turning and milling assembly to slide along the length direction of the first guide rail assembly 1-1, and the first right side rail 1-1-1 and the first left side rail 1-1-2 are identical in height.
Specifically, the first guide rail component 1-1 is a guide rail for Z2-axis motion of the turning and milling component; the first screw rod assembly 1-2 is a screw rod for driving the turning and milling assembly to move along the Z2 axis in a linear manner, and the first motor 1-10 drives the first screw rod assembly to move so as to realize the movement of the turning and milling assembly along the Z2 axis direction; the first linear displacement sensor 1-3 realizes the full-closed loop motion control of the first motor 1-10, and improves the control precision.
In addition, the first guide rail assembly 1-1 includes a first right side rail 1-1-1 and a first left side rail 1-1-2, both of which are installed in a horizontal plane, and the first right side rail 1-1-1 can be installed on the side surface of the machine tool 1 to further shorten the width dimension of the machine tool 1.
Example 4
This example was further optimized on the basis of example 3, specifically:
The turning and milling assembly comprises a turning and milling swing head 6 and a power column assembly for driving the turning and milling swing head 6XYZ to move in a three-way translational mode;
The turning and milling swinging head 6 comprises a swinging shaft 6-1 and a turning and milling main shaft 6-2, and the swinging shaft 6-1 drives the turning and milling main shaft 6-2 to rotate;
The power column assembly comprises a first carriage 2 which is clamped on the first guide rail assembly 1-1 in a sliding manner along the Z direction, a column mechanism 4 which is provided with the first carriage 2 in a sliding manner along the X direction, and a spindle box 5 which is provided on the column mechanism 4 in a sliding manner along the Y direction, and a turning spindle 6-2 is arranged in the spindle box 5.
Specifically, in fig. 4, the dashed line frame part is a movable upright column component, the power column component is used for driving the turning and milling head 6 to realize the three-way translational motion of X2/Y2/Z2 on the lathe bed 1, the swinging shaft 6-1 of the turning and milling head 6 drives the turning and milling main shaft 6-2 to realize the rotation of B2 shaft, the turning and milling main shaft 6-2 can realize turning and milling functions, and the turning and milling main shaft 6-2 adopts standard compound processing tool interfaces including but not limited to HSK, capto and the like;
The first carriage 2 in the movable upright column assembly is connected with the lathe bed 1 through a first screw rod guide rail assembly, and can drive the upright column mechanism 4, the spindle box 5 and the turning and milling swing head 6 to linearly move on the lathe bed 1 along the Z2 direction (horizontal transverse direction); the upright post mechanism 4 is movably connected with the first carriage 2 through a screw guide rail assembly arranged in the X2 direction (horizontal longitudinal direction) and can drive the spindle box 5 and the turning and milling swing head 6 to linearly move on the lathe bed 1 along the X2 direction (horizontal longitudinal direction); the spindle box 5 is connected with the upright post mechanism 4 through a vertically arranged screw guide rail assembly, and can drive the turning and milling swinging head 6 to linearly move along the Y2 direction (vertical direction) on the lathe bed 1. Because the mass of the spindle box 5 and the turning and milling swing head 6 is large, the gravity influence of balance parts of a balance cylinder can be further configured between the upright post mechanism 4 and the spindle box 5, and the power and torque requirements of a motor are reduced.
The movable upright column component adopts an XYZ orthogonal structure, and the first carriage 2, the upright column mechanism 4 and the spindle box 5 all adopt metal castings, so that the driving stability and the transmission precision are ensured. Linear guide rail and ball screw transmission modes are adopted among the lathe bed 1, the first carriage 2, the upright post mechanism 4 and the main shaft box 5, linear displacement sensors are arranged at the same time, three-axis full closed-loop control of X2/Y2/Z2 is realized, and meanwhile, linear motor drive and linear guide rail transmission and linear displacement sensor closed-loop control modes can be adopted among the lathe bed 1, the first carriage 2, the upright post mechanism 4 and the main shaft box 5.
Example 5
This example was further optimized on the basis of any one of examples 1 to 4, specifically:
The second guide rail assembly 1-4 comprises a second right side rail 1-4-1 and a second left side rail 1-4-2 which are parallel to each other, the second right side rail 1-4-1 and the second left side rail 1-4-2 are arranged on a horizontal installation surface of the second step along the length direction, a second screw rod assembly 1-5 is arranged on the second step installation surface between the second right side rail 1-4-1 and the second left side rail 1-4-2, and the second screw rod assembly 1-5 drives a part of the turning assembly to slide along the length direction of the second guide rail assembly 1-4, and a height difference exists between the second right side rail 1-4-1 and the second left side rail 1-4-2.
Specifically, the second guide rail component 1-4 is a guide rail for Z1 axis movement of a turning auxiliary spindle component 3 of the turning component; the second screw rod assembly 1-5 is a screw rod for driving the turning auxiliary main shaft assembly 3 to move along the Z1 axis in a straight line, and the second motor 1-11 drives the second screw rod assembly to move so as to realize the movement of the turning auxiliary main shaft assembly 3 along the Z1 axis direction; the second linear displacement sensor 1-6 realizes the full-closed loop motion control of the second motor 1-11, and improves the control precision.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 6, the second right side rail 1-4-1 and the second left side rail 1-4-2 have a designed height drop and a lateral distance, so that the cutting fluid and the chips are discharged from the left side position during the machining process. The height of the second left side rail 1-4-2 is lower than the height of the axis of the second screw assembly 1-5, and the axis height of the second screw assembly 1-5 is lower than the axis height of the second right side rail 1-4-1.
Example 6
This example was further optimized on the basis of example 5, specifically:
The turning assembly comprises a turning main shaft assembly fixedly arranged on the horizontal installation surface of the secondary step and a turning auxiliary main shaft assembly 3 which is in sliding clamping connection with the second guide rail assembly 1-4;
The turning positive spindle assembly comprises a turning positive spindle box 7-1, a turning spindle 7-2 rigidly connected to the turning positive spindle box 7-1, and a main turning chuck 7-3 arranged on the turning spindle 7-2;
The turning auxiliary spindle assembly 3 comprises a turning auxiliary spindle box 3-1, a turning auxiliary spindle 3-2 rigidly connected to the turning auxiliary spindle box 3-1, and an auxiliary turning chuck 3-3 arranged on the turning auxiliary spindle 3-2, wherein the axis of the turning spindle 7-2 is collinear with the axis of the turning auxiliary spindle 3-2, and the second screw rod assembly 1-5 drives the turning auxiliary spindle box 3-1 to slide along the length direction of the second guide rail assembly 1-4;
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the machine tool layout adopts a double-turning spindle 7-2 double-cutting station separation mode, so that one-time clamping full-automatic machining can be realized, and double-spindle simultaneous part machining can be realized.
The turning positive spindle assembly is used for realizing stable fixation of the turning spindle 7-2, wherein the turning positive spindle box 7-1 is directly and rigidly connected with the lathe bed 1, the turning positive spindle is rigidly connected with the turning positive spindle box 7-1, the main turning chuck 7-3 is rigidly connected with the turning positive spindle, the turning positive spindle can adopt a mechanical spindle or adopts a direct driving electric spindle, if the mechanical spindle is adopted, a spindle driving motor is required to be configured, and the turning positive spindle can also be configured with an angle displacement sensor to realize C-axis closed-loop driving.
In addition, the auxiliary turning spindle assembly 3 is used for realizing stable fixation of the auxiliary turning spindle 3-2, wherein the auxiliary turning spindle box 3-1 is connected with the lathe bed 1 through the second screw rod assembly 1-5 and the second guide rail assembly 1-4, and can drive the auxiliary turning spindle 3-2 and the auxiliary turning chuck 3-3 to move in the Z1 direction (horizontal and transverse direction, namely the length direction of the second guide rail assembly 1-4) on the lathe bed 1, and can also be provided with the second linear displacement sensor 1-6 to realize Z1 axis closed-loop movement. The turning auxiliary spindle 3-2 is rigidly connected with the turning auxiliary spindle box 3-1, the auxiliary turning chuck 3-3 is rigidly connected with the turning auxiliary spindle 3-2, the turning auxiliary spindle 3-2 can also adopt a mechanical spindle or adopt a direct drive electric spindle, if the mechanical spindle is adopted and a spindle drive motor is required to be configured, the turning auxiliary spindle 3-2 can also be configured with an angle displacement sensor to realize closed-loop drive of the C1 shaft.
Example 7
This example was further optimized on the basis of any one of examples 1 to 6, specifically:
The third guide rail assembly 1-7 comprises a third right side rail 1-7-1 and a third left side rail 1-7-2 which are parallel to each other, the third right side rail 1-7-1 is arranged on a horizontal installation surface of a third-stage ladder along the length direction, the third left side rail 1-7-2 is arranged on a vertical installation surface of the third-stage ladder along the length direction, a third screw rod assembly 1-8 is arranged on a third-stage ladder installation surface between the third right side rail 1-7-1 and the third left side rail 1-7-2, and the third screw rod assembly 1-8 drives the cutter tower assembly to reciprocate along the length direction of the third guide rail assembly 1-7, and a height difference exists between the third right side rail 1-7-1 and the third left side rail 1-7-2.
Specifically, the third guide rail component 1-7 is a guide rail for Z3-axis movement of the cutter tower component; the third screw rod assembly 1-8 is a screw rod for driving the cutting turret assembly to move linearly along the Z3 axis, and the third motor 1-12 drives the third screw rod assembly to move so as to realize the movement of the cutting turret assembly along the Z3 axis; the third linear displacement sensor 1-9 realizes the full-closed loop motion control of the third motor 1-12, and improves the control precision.
In addition, as shown in fig. 6, the height of the third left side rail 1-7-2 is lower than the axial height of the third screw rod assembly 1-8, the axial height of the third screw rod assembly 1-8 is lower than the height of the third right side rail 1-7-1, and the third left side rail 1-7-2 is mounted on the vertical mounting surface of the third stage step, so that the width dimension of the lathe bed 1 is further shortened.
Example 8
This example was further optimized on the basis of example 7, specifically:
The cutting tool turret assembly comprises a second carriage 11, a tool turret carriage 10 and a servo tool turret 9, wherein the second carriage 11 is connected to the third guide rail assembly 1-7 in a sliding clamping mode, the tool turret carriage 10 is connected to the second carriage 11 in a sliding clamping mode, the servo tool turret 9 is fixedly connected to the tool turret carriage 10, the moving direction of the second carriage 11 is orthogonal to the moving direction of the tool turret carriage 10, the moving direction of the tool turret carriage 10 is in an inclined mode, and the third screw rod assembly 1-8 drives the second carriage 11 to reciprocate on the third guide rail assembly 1-7.
Specifically, the cutting turret assembly is used for driving the servo turret 9 to realize stable movement in the X3/Z3 direction (Z3 horizontal transverse direction and X3 inclined longitudinal direction), wherein the second carriage 11 is connected with the machine tool body 1 through the third screw rod assembly 1-8 and is used for driving the turret carriage 10 and the servo turret 9 to realize Z3 axis direction driving on the machine tool body 1; the turret dragging plate 10 is connected with the second dragging plate 11 through a third screw rod assembly 1-8 and is used for driving the servo turret 9 to move in the X3 axis direction of the lathe bed 1; the servo turret 9 is rigidly connected with the turret carriage 10, the servo turret 9 can be a servo power turret with a power milling function, a cutter power motor is required to be configured under the configuration to realize the rotary driving of the cutter, and the servo power turret can also be a conventional turning turret and only has a turning function; linear guide rail and ball screw transmission modes are adopted among the lathe bed 1, the second carriage 11 and the turret carriage 10, linear displacement sensors are arranged at the same time, Z3/X3 two-axis full-closed loop control is realized, and linear motor drive and linear guide rail transmission and linear displacement sensor closed loop control modes can be adopted among the lathe bed 1, the second carriage 11 and the turret carriage 10. In particular, the X3 direction is orthogonal to the Z3 direction, but is not parallel to the X2 axis, and the X3 direction is in an inclined mode, so that the servo turret 9 can drive a tool to pass through the axes of the turning positive spindle and the turning auxiliary spindle 3-2 in the X3 negative direction, and meanwhile, when the servo turret 9 is at the limit position in the X3 positive direction, the servo turret and the turning auxiliary spindle assembly 3 can move along the Z3/Z1 axis respectively and do not interfere.
Example 9
This embodiment is further optimized on the basis of any one of embodiments 1 to 8, specifically:
the lathe bed 1 is made of mineral materials or metal castings.
Specifically, the scheme discloses a preferable material of the lathe bed 1, the length-width ratio of the lathe bed 1 is reduced, and the whole rigidity is ensured by adopting mineral materials. The bed 1 is not limited to the mineral material or the metal casting material, but may be made of other materials.
Example 10
This embodiment is further optimized on the basis of any one of embodiments 1 to 8, specifically:
Also comprises a milling cutter tool magazine 8 positioned at one side of the turning main shaft assembly, the turning milling cutter tool magazine 8 comprises a chain type tool magazine 8-2 for storing cutters, a base 8-3 for supporting the chain type tool magazine 8-2, a bracket 8-1 for connecting the chain type tool magazine 8-2 with the lathe bed 1 and a tool changing point 8-4 arranged on one side of the chain type tool magazine 8-2.
Specifically, in order to ensure multi-process of the turning and milling swinging head 6, a turning and milling tool magazine 8 needs to be configured, wherein the moving upright column component XYZ rotates towards the moving and milling swinging head 6B, the turning and milling spindle 6-2 is moved to a tool changing point 8-4 to complete tool exchange with the turning and milling tool magazine 8, the turning and milling tool magazine 8 is in a chain type high-capacity structure to ensure multi-process processing requirements, and a tool exchanging mode of the turning and milling spindle 6-2 can be used for directly taking and placing tools by the spindle or taking and placing tools by means of a tool changing mechanical arm.
In addition, the turning milling cutter tool magazine 8 is positioned beside the turning main shaft assembly, and tool exchange is realized through the large-stroke Z2 axis of the lathe bed 1 without interference.
Specifically, fig. 8 is a top view of the lathe bed 1, wherein the Z2 axis stroke is larger than the Z1 axis thread, so that the turning spindle 6-2 can reach the operation position of the turning tool magazine 8 when the movable stand column assembly is at the left side position in the motion diagram, and the turning spindle 6-2 finishes the tool taking and placing at the tool changing point 8-4. The bottom left corner of the top view (figure 8) of the lathe bed 1 is of a concave design, the bottom left corner is used for storing a cutter magazine 8 of the lathe cutter, the chain type cutter magazine 8-2 is used for storing cutters, the chain type cutter magazine 8-2 is installed in a falling mode through a left base 8-3, the chain type cutter magazine 8-2 is connected with the lathe bed through a right connecting support 8-1, the position of the cutter magazine 8 of the lathe cutter is guaranteed to be fixed relative to the lathe bed 1, and finally the position of a cutter changing point 8-4 is guaranteed to be fixed relative to the lathe bed 1.
In summary, based on the layout of the turning and milling composite machining center, the workpiece is clamped by the main shaft or the auxiliary main shaft, and the turning and milling composite machining center can have the following machining capabilities during operation:
1) X2/Y2/Z2/B/C or X2/Y2/Z2/B/C1 five-axis linkage milling, and any two-axis, three-axis and four-axis linkage milling in the mode is supported;
2) X3/Z3/C or X3/Z3/C1 three-axis linkage milling is supported, and any two-axis linkage milling in the mode is supported; 3) X2/Y2/Z2/B linkage turning, and realizing variable angle turning in a ZY/XY plane;
4) X3/Z3 linkage turning;
5) The auxiliary main shaft C2 and the main shaft C1 are synchronously controlled, and simultaneously clamp a longer workpiece, the auxiliary main shaft plays an auxiliary clamping role, and the clamping requirement of turning and milling the workpiece is met.
Claims (7)
1. The high-reliability turning and milling composite machining center is characterized by comprising a lathe bed (1) with a flat ladder structure, guide rail assemblies, turning and milling assemblies, turning assemblies and cutting tool turret assemblies, wherein the guide rail assemblies, the turning assemblies and the cutting tool turret assemblies are arranged on all levels of ladder along the length direction, are positioned on different ladder and are respectively and slidably clamped on the corresponding guide rail assemblies, and the height difference exists in part of the guide rail assemblies;
The lathe bed (1) comprises three levels of horizontally arranged ladder mounting surfaces, the guide rail assemblies comprise a first guide rail assembly (1-1), a second guide rail assembly (1-4) and a third guide rail assembly (1-7) which are sequentially arranged on the corresponding ladder mounting surfaces from top to bottom, and the turning assembly, the turning assembly and the cutting tool turret assembly are respectively arranged on the first guide rail assembly (1-1), the second guide rail assembly (1-4) and the third guide rail assembly (1-7);
The third guide rail assembly (1-7) comprises a third right side rail (1-7-1) and a third left side rail (1-7-2) which are parallel to each other, the third right side rail (1-7-1) is arranged on a horizontal installation surface of a third-stage ladder along the length direction, the third left side rail (1-7-2) is arranged on a vertical installation surface of the third-stage ladder along the length direction, a third screw rod assembly (1-8) is arranged on the third-stage ladder installation surface between the third right side rail (1-7-1) and the third left side rail (1-7-2), the third screw rod assembly (1-8) drives the cutter tower assembly to reciprocate along the length direction of the third guide rail assembly (1-7), and a height difference exists between the third right side rail (1-7-1) and the third left side rail (1-7-2);
The cutting tool turret assembly comprises a second carriage (11) which is connected to the third guide rail assembly (1-7) in a sliding mode, a tool turret carriage (10) which is connected to the second carriage (11) in a sliding mode, and a servo tool turret (9) which is fixedly connected to the tool turret carriage (10), the moving direction of the second carriage (11) is orthogonal to the moving direction of the tool turret carriage (10), the moving direction of the tool turret carriage (10) is inclined, and the third screw rod assembly (1-8) drives the second carriage (11) to reciprocate on the third guide rail assembly (1-7).
2. The high-reliability turning and milling composite machining center according to claim 1, wherein the first guide rail assembly (1-1) comprises a first right side rail (1-1-1) and a first left side rail (1-1-2) which are parallel to each other, the first right side rail (1-1-1) and the first left side rail (1-1-2) are arranged on a horizontal installation surface of a first stage ladder along a length direction, a first screw rod assembly (1-2) is arranged on the first stage ladder installation surface between the first right side rail (1-1-1) and the first left side rail (1-1-2), the first screw rod assembly (1-2) drives the turning and milling assembly to slide along the length direction of the first guide rail assembly (1-1), and the first right side rail (1-1) and the first left side rail (1-1-2) are identical in height.
3. The high-reliability turning and milling composite machining center according to claim 2, wherein the turning and milling assembly comprises a turning and milling head (6) and a power column assembly for driving the turning and milling head (6) to perform XYZ three-way translational motion;
the turning and milling swinging head (6) comprises a swinging shaft (6-1) and a turning and milling main shaft (6-2), and the swinging shaft (6-1) drives the turning and milling main shaft (6-2) to rotate;
the power column assembly comprises a first carriage (2) which is clamped on the first guide rail assembly (1-1) in a sliding manner along the Z direction, a column mechanism (4) which is arranged on the first carriage (2) in a sliding manner along the X direction, and a spindle box (5) which is arranged on the column mechanism (4) in a sliding manner along the Y direction, wherein the turning and milling spindle (6-2) is arranged in the spindle box (5).
4. The high-reliability turning and milling composite machining center according to claim 1, wherein the second guide rail assembly (1-4) comprises a second right side rail (1-4-1) and a second left side rail (1-4-2) which are parallel to each other, the second right side rail (1-4-1) and the second left side rail (1-4-2) are arranged on a horizontal installation surface of a second step along the length direction, a second screw rod assembly (1-5) is arranged on the second step installation surface between the second right side rail (1-4-1) and the second left side rail (1-4-2), the second screw rod assembly (1-5) drives a part of the turning assembly to slide along the length direction of the second guide rail assembly (1-4), and a height difference exists between the second right side rail (1-4-1) and the second left side rail (1-4-2).
5. The high-reliability turning and milling composite machining center according to claim 4, wherein the turning assembly comprises a turning main shaft assembly fixedly arranged on a horizontal installation surface of the secondary step and a turning auxiliary main shaft assembly (3) which is in sliding clamping connection with the second guide rail assembly (1-4);
The turning positive spindle assembly comprises a turning positive spindle box (7-1), a turning spindle (7-2) rigidly connected to the turning positive spindle box (7-1), and a main turning chuck (7-3) arranged on the turning spindle (7-2);
the auxiliary turning spindle assembly (3) comprises an auxiliary turning spindle box (3-1), an auxiliary turning spindle (3-2) rigidly connected to the auxiliary turning spindle box (3-1) and an auxiliary turning chuck (3-3) arranged on the auxiliary turning spindle (3-2), the axis of the auxiliary turning spindle (7-2) is collinear with the axis of the auxiliary turning spindle (3-2), and the auxiliary turning spindle box (3-1) is driven by the second screw rod assembly (1-5) to slide along the length direction of the second guide rail assembly (1-4).
6. The high-reliability turning and milling composite machining center according to claim 1, wherein the lathe bed (1) is made of mineral materials or metal castings.
7. The high-reliability turning and milling composite machining center according to claim 5, further comprising a turning tool magazine (8) located at one side of the turning positive spindle assembly, wherein the turning tool magazine (8) comprises a chain magazine (8-2) for storing tools, a base (8-3) for supporting the chain magazine (8-2), a bracket (8-1) for connecting the chain magazine (8-2) and the lathe bed (1), and a tool changing point (8-4) arranged at one side of the chain magazine (8-2).
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