CN117694196A - Comprehensive control method for tobacco virus diseases - Google Patents
Comprehensive control method for tobacco virus diseases Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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Abstract
The invention relates to a comprehensive control method of tobacco virus diseases, which comprises the following steps: rotation of tobacco and leguminous crops, cultivation of disease-free strong seedlings by using a compound microbial agent, fertilization and disease control by using a compound microbial fertilizer, disease control by using a medicament and the like. The first aspect highlights the fundamental role of leguminous crops and tobacco rotation in disease control; the second aspect highlights the central role of functional microorganisms in controlling disease; the third aspect highlights the ancillary role of the agent in controlling disease. The invention creatively applies leguminous crops and functional microorganisms which promote the absorption and utilization of plants to nutrients, improve the quality of the microecological environment of soil and the disease resistance of tobacco plants, and a multifunctional resistance inducer to the comprehensive control of tobacco viruses, can obviously reduce the use amount of chemical pesticides, improve the quality safety level of tobacco leaves, promote the yield and income increase of peasants and protect the agricultural ecological environment on the basis of continuously and effectively controlling the tobacco viruses.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tobacco planting and plant protection, in particular to a comprehensive control method for tobacco virus diseases.
Background
Tobacco viruses are a plant virus general term for causing tobacco virus diseases, can harm various plants, are common infection pathogens of tobacco with serious harm, and are one of important diseases worldwide. In recent years, due to the adjustment of climate, cultivation system and agricultural industry structure, the harm of tobacco virus diseases to plants is increasingly serious, and once the tobacco is ill in the field, flue-cured tobacco is subjected to large-area harvest, so that irrecoverable loss is caused to farmers. However, in the prior art, the prevention and treatment method for tobacco virus diseases is single, chemical agents are used in a large area, the nutrition requirement and the resistance culture of plants are ignored, systematic prevention and treatment measures are lacked, and the use of some medicines can further damage the environment. Therefore, at present, no method for preventing and controlling tobacco virus diseases with good prevention and control effect is available, and the method is economical and environment-friendly. Therefore, development of an integrated control method for enhancing resistance of tobacco plants, supplementing nutrition of tobacco plants, improving yield of tobacco plants and effectively preventing and controlling tobacco virus diseases is needed, and a sustainable development method of tobacco industry is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a comprehensive control method for tobacco virus diseases, which can obviously reduce the occurrence of the tobacco virus diseases, provide the survival rate of tobacco, reduce the application amount of chemical agents and promote the healthy and sustainable development of tobacco industry. The invention comprehensively applies agriculture, biology and other effective biological control technologies, controls the harm of tobacco virus diseases below the allowable level of economic damage, maintains the biodiversity in the tobacco field ecological system, and realizes the green development of tobacco industry.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the comprehensive control method for the tobacco virus disease comprises the following steps:
(1) Tobacco and leguminous crops rotation: two-year four-maturing crop rotation planting;
(2) Cultivating disease-free strong seedlings: the method comprises the steps of using a composite microbial agent when growing disease-free strong seedlings during tobacco planting, wherein the microbial agent is selected from composite microbial agents containing bacillus methylotrophicus and bacillus siamensis;
(3) Fertilizing and controlling diseases: spraying a compound microbial fertilizer containing beauveria bassiana and salt-tolerant bacillus during tobacco planting;
(4) Medicament disease control: the microbial agent and the immunity resistance inducer are sprayed during crop planting.
Further: the tobacco virus disease comprises at least one of tomato spotted wilt virus disease, tobacco mosaic virus disease, tobacco cucumber mosaic virus disease, potato virus Y, pepper vein mottle virus disease and tomato ring spot virus disease.
Further: in the step (1), leguminous plants are selected from any one of broad beans, peas and alfalfa, and two-year four-harvest rotation is carried out, wherein the rotation mode is as follows: flue-cured tobacco-leguminous plants.
Further: in the step (2), the composite microbial agent containing the bacillus methylotrophicus and the bacillus siamensis comprises the following components: alginic acid, amino acids, fulvic acid, bacillus methylotrophicus and bacillus siamensis;
the mass percentage contents of all substances in the composite microbial agent are as follows: 15% of alginic acid, 15% of amino acid, 60% of fulvic acid, 5% of bacillus methylotrophicus and 5% of bacillus siamensis;
the Bacillus methylotrophicus content is not less than 1×10 9 cfu/mL, the content of the Siamese bacillus is not less than 1 multiplied by 10 9 cfu/mL。
Further: in the step (2), 1.5kg of compound microorganism bacteria is added into each cubic meter of seedling culture matrix during cultivation of disease-free strong planting;
and/or 1.0kg of the compound microorganism bacterial agent is applied to every 100 square meters when the 7 th leaf of the tobacco seedling grows out;
and/or 1.0kg of the compound microorganism bacterial agent is applied every 100 square meters 3 days before transplanting;
the application frequency of the compound microbial agent is 2-3 times.
Further: in the step (3), the compound microbial fertilizer comprises Chinese medicinal residues, tea residues, oil cakes, biochar, beauveria bassiana and salt-tolerant bacillus;
the mass percentage contents of all substances in the compound microbial fertilizer are as follows: 50% of Chinese medicinal residues, 20% of tea residues, 10% of charcoal, 10% of oil cake, 5% of bacillus methylotrophicus and 5% of bacillus siamensis;
the Bacillus methylotrophicus content is not less than 2×10 8 cfu/g, the content of the Siamese bacillus is not less than 2 multiplied by 10 8 cfu/g。
Further: in the step (3), shi Fuge microbial fertilizer is added to the leguminous crops after harvesting and soil cultivation, wherein the weight of the microbial fertilizer is 100-200 kg/mu;
and/or, dressing 100-200 kg/mu of compound microorganism bacterial fertilizer after 30d of tobacco transplanting;
the application frequency of the compound microbial fertilizer is 1-2 times.
Further: in the step (4), the microbial agent preparation is rhodopseudomonas palustris PSB-S suspending agent, and 2 hundred million CFU/ml rhodopseudomonas palustris PSB-S suspending agent is sprayed for 180-240 ml/mu for 2-3 times continuously from 15d after emergence and/or 15d after transplanting every 7-10 d;
and/or the immunity resistance inducer is selected from oligosaccharin aqua and lentinan aqua, and is sprayed with 6% oligosaccharin aqua 50-60 ml/mu from 15d after emergence and/or 15d after transplanting;
and/or 2% lentinan aqua 30-40 ml/mu, 2-3 times continuously.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention is characterized in that the tobacco virus disease is comprehensively prevented and treated by cooperation of a plurality of technical measures such as reasonable rotation, cultivation of disease-free strong seedlings, fertilization control disease, tobacco plant disease resistance induction and the like aiming at the pathogenic types, the pathogenic reasons and the pathogenic periods of the tobacco virus disease in a tobacco planting area, and the tobacco virus disease prevention and treatment method plays a complementary role, and achieves the best prevention effect by cooperation.
2. The invention fully utilizes the rotation of tobacco and leguminous crops, utilizes the improvement of quality indexes of leguminous crops on physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soil and the like, overcomes the soil quality degradation caused by continuous cropping obstacle or unreasonable rotation, and provides soil quality guarantee for realizing effective prevention and control of tobacco virus diseases.
3. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that the microbial agent for promoting plant growth, improving disease resistance of tobacco plants and inhibiting viruses is applied, and the microbial agent is selected to be applied in rooting period, seedling stage, transplanting period and field stage, so that the cultivation of non-toxic seedlings is ensured; the microbial agent for promoting plant growth, improving disease resistance of tobacco plants, inhibiting viruses and fertilizing is applied in the field period, so that soil quality degradation caused by continuous cropping obstacle or unreasonable rotation is improved, and tobacco plant health guarantee is further provided for realizing effective prevention and control of tobacco virus diseases.
4. The invention further adopts the cooperation of the microbial agent and the immunity resistance inducer to assist in preventing and controlling the virus diseases, and enhances the defending capability against the viruses by inducing the disease resistance of the tobacco plants, thereby reducing the disease degree and having more remarkable synergy.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1:
an integrated control method for tobacco virus diseases comprises the following steps:
step 1, rotation of tobacco and broad beans: two years of four-harvest rotation is carried out, and the first year: flue-cured tobacco-broad bean → the next year: flue-cured tobacco-broad beans.
Step 2, cultivating disease-free strong seedlings: the composite microbial agent containing the bacillus methylotrophicus and the bacillus siamensis comprises alginic acid, amino acid, fulvic acid, bacillus methylotrophicus and bacillus siamensis, wherein the mass percentage of alginic acid is 15%, the mass percentage of amino acid is 15%, the mass percentage of fulvic acid is 60%, the mass percentage of bacillus methylotrophicus is 5%, and the mass percentage of bacillus siamensis is 5%; the content of Bacillus methylotrophicus is 1×10 9 cfu/mL, siamese bacillus content of 1×10 9 cfu/mL；
The application of the compound microbial agent in cultivating disease-free strong seedlings comprises the following steps of preparing the microbial agent in per cubic meter (m) 3 ) 1.5kg of compound microorganism bacteria agent is added into the conventional seedling substrate; every 100 square meters (m) of tobacco seedlings when 7 th leaves grow out 2 ) 1.0kg of a compound microbial agent is applied; every 100 square meters (m) 3 days before transplanting 2 ) 1.0kg of a compound microbial agent is applied; the frequency of administration was 3 times.
Step 3, fertilizing and disease controlling: the compound microbial fertilizer comprises Chinese medicinal residues, tea residues, oil cake, biochar, and optional beauveria bassiana and salt-tolerant bacillus, wherein the mass percentage of the Chinese medicinal residues is 50%, the mass percentage of the tea residues is 20%, the mass percentage of the biochar is 10%, the mass percentage of the oil cake is 10%, the mass percentage of bacillus methylotrophicus is 5%, and the mass percentage of bacillus siamensis is 5%; the content of Bacillus methylotrophicus is 2×10 8 cfu/g, siamese bacillus content of 2×10 8 cfu/g; 150kg/667m of additional application after the cultivation of the harvest soil of the leguminous crops before flue-cured tobacco 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the 150kg/667m of compound microbial fertilizer is applied after 30d of tobacco transplanting 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The frequency of administration was 2 times.
Step 4, medicament disease control: 2 hundred million CFU/ml rhodopseudomonas palustris PSB-S suspending agent 200 ml/mu, 6% oligosaccharin aqua 55 ml/mu, 2% lentinan aqua 35 ml/mu are sprayed every 7d from 15d after emergence and 15d after transplanting, each agent is applied 3 times.
Example 2:
an integrated control method for tobacco virus diseases comprises the following steps:
step 1, rotation of tobacco and alfalfa: two years of four-harvest rotation is carried out, and the first year: flue-cured tobacco-alfalfa → the next year: flue-cured tobacco-alfalfa.
Step 2, cultivating disease-free strong seedlings: the composite microbial agent containing the bacillus methylotrophicus and the bacillus siamensis comprises alginic acid, amino acid, fulvic acid, bacillus methylotrophicus and bacillus siamensis, wherein the mass percentage of the alginic acid is 15%, the mass percentage of the amino acid is 15%, and the mass percentage of the fulvic acid is 60%The mass percentage of the bacillus methylotrophicus is 5%, and the mass percentage of the bacillus siamensis is 5%; the content of Bacillus methylotrophicus is 1×10 9 cfu/mL, siamese bacillus content of 1×10 9 cfu/mL；
The application of the compound microbial agent in cultivating disease-free strong seedlings comprises the following steps of preparing the microbial agent in per cubic meter (m) 3 ) 1.5kg of compound microorganism bacteria agent is added into the conventional seedling substrate; every 100 square meters (m) of tobacco seedlings when 7 th leaves grow out 2 ) 1.0kg of a compound microbial agent is applied; every 100 square meters (m) 3 days before transplanting 2 ) 1.0kg of a compound microbial agent is applied; the frequency of administration was 3 times.
Step 3, fertilizing and disease controlling: the compound microbial fertilizer comprises Chinese medicinal residues, tea residues, oil cake, biochar, and optional beauveria bassiana and salt-tolerant bacillus, wherein the mass percentage of the Chinese medicinal residues is 50%, the mass percentage of the tea residues is 20%, the mass percentage of the biochar is 10%, the mass percentage of the oil cake is 10%, the mass percentage of bacillus methylotrophicus is 5%, and the mass percentage of bacillus siamensis is 5%; the content of Bacillus methylotrophicus is 2×10 8 cfu/g, siamese bacillus content of 2×10 8 cfu/g; 150kg/667m of additional application after the cultivation of the harvest soil of the leguminous crops before flue-cured tobacco 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the 150kg/667m of compound microbial fertilizer is applied after 30d of tobacco transplanting 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The frequency of administration was 2 times.
Step 4, medicament disease control: 2 hundred million CFU/ml rhodopseudomonas palustris PSB-S suspending agent 200 ml/mu, 6% oligosaccharin aqua 55 ml/mu, 2% lentinan aqua 35 ml/mu are sprayed every 7d from 15d after emergence and 15d after transplanting, each agent is applied 3 times.
Example 3:
an integrated control method for tobacco virus diseases comprises the following steps:
step 1, rotation of tobacco and alfalfa: two years of four-harvest rotation is carried out, and the first year: flue-cured tobacco-alfalfa → the next year: flue-cured tobacco-alfalfa.
Step 2, cultivating disease-free strong seedlings: the composite microbial agent containing the bacillus methylotrophicus and the bacillus siamensis comprisesAlginic acid, amino acid, fulvic acid, bacillus methylotrophicus and bacillus siamensis, wherein the mass percentage of alginic acid is 15%, the mass percentage of amino acid is 15%, the mass percentage of fulvic acid is 60%, the mass percentage of bacillus methylotrophicus is 5%, the mass percentage of bacillus siamensis is 5%; the content of Bacillus methylotrophicus is 1×10 9 cfu/mL, siamese bacillus content of 1×10 9 cfu/mL；
The application of the compound microbial agent in cultivating disease-free strong seedlings comprises the following steps of preparing the microbial agent in per cubic meter (m) 3 ) 1.5kg of compound microorganism bacteria agent is added into the conventional seedling substrate; every 100 square meters (m) of tobacco seedlings when 7 th leaves grow out 2 ) 1.0kg of a compound microbial agent is applied; every 100 square meters (m) 3 days before transplanting 2 ) 1.0kg of a compound microbial agent is applied; the frequency of administration was 3 times.
Step 3, medicament disease control: from 15d after emergence, 2 hundred million CFU/ml rhodopseudomonas palustris PSB-S suspending agent 200 ml/mu is sprayed every 7d, 6% oligosaccharin aqua 55 ml/mu, 2% lentinan aqua 35 ml/mu, each agent is applied 3 times.
Example 4:
an integrated control method for tobacco virus diseases comprises the following steps:
step 1, rotation of tobacco and alfalfa: two years of four-harvest rotation is carried out, and the first year: flue-cured tobacco-alfalfa → the next year: flue-cured tobacco-alfalfa.
Step 2, fertilizing and disease controlling: the compound microbial fertilizer comprises Chinese medicinal residues, tea residues, oil cake, biochar, and optional beauveria bassiana and salt-tolerant bacillus, wherein the mass percentage of the Chinese medicinal residues is 50%, the mass percentage of the tea residues is 20%, the mass percentage of the biochar is 10%, the mass percentage of the oil cake is 10%, the mass percentage of bacillus methylotrophicus is 5%, and the mass percentage of bacillus siamensis is 5%; the content of Bacillus methylotrophicus is 2×10 8 cfu/g, siamese bacillus content of 2×10 8 cfu/g; 150kg/667m of additional application after the cultivation of the harvest soil of the leguminous crops before flue-cured tobacco 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the 150kg/667 of compound microbial fertilizer is applied after 30d of tobacco transplantingm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The frequency of administration was 2 times.
Step 4, medicament disease control: from 15d after transplanting, 2 hundred million CFU/ml rhodopseudomonas palustris PSB-S suspending agent 200 ml/mu is sprayed every 7d, 6% oligosaccharin aqua 55 ml/mu, 2% lentinan aqua 35 ml/mu, each agent is applied 3 times.
Example 5:
an integrated control method for tobacco virus diseases comprises the following steps:
step 1, rotation of tobacco and alfalfa: two years of four-harvest rotation is carried out, and the first year: flue-cured tobacco-alfalfa → the next year: flue-cured tobacco-alfalfa.
Step 2, cultivating disease-free strong seedlings: the composite microbial agent containing the bacillus methylotrophicus and the bacillus siamensis comprises alginic acid, amino acid, fulvic acid, bacillus methylotrophicus and bacillus siamensis, wherein the mass percentage of alginic acid is 15%, the mass percentage of amino acid is 15%, the mass percentage of fulvic acid is 60%, the mass percentage of bacillus methylotrophicus is 5%, and the mass percentage of bacillus siamensis is 5%; the content of Bacillus methylotrophicus is 1×10 9 cfu/mL, siamese bacillus content of 1×10 9 cfu/mL；
The application of the compound microbial agent in cultivating disease-free strong seedlings comprises the following steps of preparing the microbial agent in per cubic meter (m) 3 ) 1.5kg of compound microorganism bacteria agent is added into the conventional seedling substrate; every 100 square meters (m) of tobacco seedlings when 7 th leaves grow out 2 ) 1.0kg of a compound microbial agent is applied; every 100 square meters (m) 3 days before transplanting 2 ) 1.0kg of a compound microbial agent is applied; the frequency of administration was 3 times.
Step 3, fertilizing and disease controlling: the compound microbial fertilizer comprises Chinese medicinal residues, tea residues, oil cake, biochar, and optional beauveria bassiana and salt-tolerant bacillus, wherein the mass percentage of the Chinese medicinal residues is 50%, the mass percentage of the tea residues is 20%, the mass percentage of the biochar is 10%, the mass percentage of the oil cake is 10%, the mass percentage of bacillus methylotrophicus is 5%, and the mass percentage of bacillus siamensis is 5%; the content of Bacillus methylotrophicus is 2×10 8 cfu/g，The content of Siamese bacillus is 2 multiplied by 10 8 cfu/g; 150kg/667m of additional application after the cultivation of the harvest soil of the leguminous crops before flue-cured tobacco 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the 150kg/667m of compound microbial fertilizer is applied after 30d of tobacco transplanting 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The frequency of administration was 2 times.
Step 4, medicament disease control: 2 hundred million CFU/ml rhodopseudomonas palustris PSB-S suspending agent 200 ml/mu is sprayed every 7d from 15d after emergence and 15d after transplanting, and the application frequency is 3 times.
Example 6:
an integrated control method for tobacco virus diseases comprises the following steps:
step 1, rotation of tobacco and alfalfa: two years of four-harvest rotation is carried out, and the first year: flue-cured tobacco-alfalfa → the next year: flue-cured tobacco-alfalfa.
Step 2, cultivating disease-free strong seedlings: the composite microbial agent containing the bacillus methylotrophicus and the bacillus siamensis comprises alginic acid, amino acid, fulvic acid, bacillus methylotrophicus and bacillus siamensis, wherein the mass percentage of alginic acid is 15%, the mass percentage of amino acid is 15%, the mass percentage of fulvic acid is 60%, the mass percentage of bacillus methylotrophicus is 5%, and the mass percentage of bacillus siamensis is 5%; the content of Bacillus methylotrophicus is 1×10 9 cfu/mL, siamese bacillus content of 1×10 9 cfu/mL；
The application of the compound microbial agent in cultivating disease-free strong seedlings comprises the following steps of preparing the microbial agent in per cubic meter (m) 3 ) 1.5kg of compound microorganism bacteria agent is added into the conventional seedling substrate; every 100 square meters (m) of tobacco seedlings when 7 th leaves grow out 2 ) 1.0kg of a compound microbial agent is applied; every 100 square meters (m) 3 days before transplanting 2 ) 1.0kg of a compound microbial agent is applied; the frequency of administration was 3 times.
Step 3, fertilizing and disease controlling: the compound microbial fertilizer comprises Chinese medicinal residues, tea residues, oil cake, biochar, and optional beauveria bassiana and salt-tolerant bacillus, wherein the Chinese medicinal residues are 50% by mass, the tea residues are 20% by mass, the biochar is 10% by mass, the oil cake is 10% by mass, and the bacillus methylotrophicus is an organic compound microbial fertilizerThe percentage content is 5 percent, and the mass percentage content of the Siamese bacillus is 5 percent; the content of Bacillus methylotrophicus is 2×10 8 cfu/g, siamese bacillus content of 2×10 8 cfu/g; 150kg/667m of additional application after the cultivation of the harvest soil of the leguminous crops before flue-cured tobacco 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the 150kg/667m of compound microbial fertilizer is applied after 30d of tobacco transplanting 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The frequency of administration was 2 times.
Step 4, medicament disease control: and (3) spraying 55 ml/mu of 6% oligosaccharide aqueous solution and 35 ml/mu of 2% lentinan aqueous solution every 7d from 15d after seedling emergence and 15d after transplanting, wherein each medicament is applied for 3 times.
Comparative example 1:
the procedure of example 1 was followed except that tobacco was continued without rotation with any crop.
Comparative example 2:
the procedure of example 1 was followed except that the beans were replaced with potatoes.
Comparative example 3:
the procedure of example 1 was followed except that no control agent was applied.
Test example:
the effect of the invention will be further described in connection with the application of the method in tobacco planting, and the specific test procedure and results are as follows.
The methods of the above examples and comparative examples were used in the whole process of tobacco seedling stage, transplanting stage and field stage, and 10 tobacco seedlings with uniform growth vigor were taken at 30 days after emergence, and their fresh weight, root length, side root number, maximum leaf length, maximum leaf width, stem circumference, root system activity, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured to investigate the disease rate. And (5) investigating physical and chemical indexes and disease conditions of the soil in the harvest period, and calculating the control effect.
Tobacco tomato spotted wilt virus disease and tobacco pepper vein mottle virus disease investigation classification standard:
level 0: disease-free whole plant
Stage 1: top blade deformity;
3 stages: the top blade is deformed and shrunken, and a small amount of irregular necrotic spots appear;
5 stages: deformity or shrinkage of the top leaf or side branch, and a large number of necrotic spots on the top leaf;
7 stages: the top leaf is necrotic, irregular necrotic spots appear on the middle and lower leaves, and the plant is dwarfed;
stage 9: the plants severely die, and the plants obviously dwarf and even die.
Tobacco mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus and tobacco potato Y virus) investigation grading standard:
level 0: disease-free whole plant
Stage 1: heart She Maiming or slight flowers and leaves, and the disease plant is not obviously dwarfed;
3 stages: 1/3 leaf flowers and leaves are not deformed, or the sick plant is dwarfed to be more than 3/4 of the normal plant height;
5 stages: 1/3-1/2 leaf flower leaf, or few leaves deform, or main vein is blackened, or the sick plant is dwarfed to 2/3-3/4 of the normal plant height;
7 stages: 1/2-2/3 leaf flower and leaf, or deformation or main vein necrosis, or dwarfing of the sick plant into 1/2-2/3 of the normal plant height;
stage 9: the whole plant leaves and flowers are severely deformed or necrotized, or the diseased plant is dwarfed to be more than 1/2 of the normal plant height.
Tomato ring spot virus disease investigation classification standard:
level 0: the whole leaves are free from diseases;
stage 1: the area of the disease spots accounts for less than 5% of the area of the blade;
3 stages: the area of the disease spots accounts for 6-10% of the area of the leaf blades;
5 stages: the area of the disease spots accounts for 11-20% of the area of the leaf blades;
7 stages: the area of the disease spots accounts for 21-40% of the area of the leaf blades;
stage 9: the area of the disease spots accounts for more than 41% of the area of the leaf blades.
The following formula is used for calculation:
disease index = [ (Σ (number of disease stages×number of representative stages))/(total number of plants×highest representative stage value) ]×100
Control effect (%) = [ (control group disease index-treatment group disease index)/control group disease index ] ×100%
The investigation and statistics results of the different treatments on the disease rate of the tobacco seedling virus are shown in table 1, and the results show that the composite microbial agent is added into the seedling substrate, and the tobacco seedling is applied for 1 time when the 7 th leaf of the tobacco seedling grows out and for 1 time 3 days before transplanting, and the total time is 3 times; from 15d after emergence, 2 hundred million CFU/ml rhodopseudomonas palustris PSB-S suspending agent, 6% oligosaccharin aqueous solution and 2% lentinan aqueous solution are sprayed every 7d, each agent is applied for 3 times, and the test treatment has obvious effect on reducing the disease rate of tobacco seedlings, so that the viral disease is prevented from spreading in the field period. Any one of the measures is delayed, and the disease rate of the tobacco seedling virus disease is obviously affected.
TABLE 1 Effect of different treatments on the disease Rate of tobacco seedlings
The experimental investigation and statistics results of the different treatments on the agronomic traits of the tobacco seedlings are shown in table 2, and the results show that the composite microbial agent is added into the seedling culture matrix, and the tobacco seedlings are applied for 1 time when the 7 th leaf of the tobacco seedlings grows out and for 1 time 3 days before transplanting, and the total time is 3 times; from 15d after emergence, 2 hundred million CFU/ml rhodopseudomonas palustris PSB-S suspending agent, 6% oligosaccharin aqueous solution and 2% lentinan aqueous solution are sprayed every 7d, each agent is applied for 3 times, and the test treatment has obvious effects on improving the agronomic character indexes such as fresh weight, root length, lateral root number, maximum leaf length, maximum leaf width, stem circumference and the like of tobacco plants, thereby improving the antiviral capability of the tobacco plants and reducing the occurrence and the epidemic of virus diseases. Any measure is absent, and the agronomic characters of tobacco seedlings and the occurrence and prevalence of virus diseases are obviously influenced.
TABLE 2 Effect of different treatments on agronomic traits of tobacco seedlings
The experimental investigation statistical results of the different treatments on the root system activity and the enzyme activity of the tobacco seedlings are shown in table 3, and the results show that the composite microbial agent is added into the seedling substrate, and the tobacco seedlings are applied for 1 time when the 7 th leaf of the tobacco seedlings grows out and for 1 time 3 days before transplanting, and the total number of times is 3; from 15d after emergence, 2 hundred million CFU/ml rhodopseudomonas palustris PSB-S suspending agent, 6% oligosaccharin aqueous solution and 2% lentinan aqueous solution are sprayed every 7d, each agent is applied for 3 times, and the test treatment has obvious effects on improving the root activity and enzyme activity of tobacco plants, thereby improving the virus resistance of the tobacco plants and reducing the occurrence and prevalence of virus diseases. Any measure is absent, and the activity of the root system of the tobacco plant, the enzyme activity and the occurrence and the prevalence of virus diseases are obviously influenced.
TABLE 3 Effect of different treatments on tobacco root system Activity and enzyme Activity
The test investigation statistical results of the physical indexes of the tobacco-planting soil in different treatments are shown in table 4, and the results show that on the basis of crop rotation based on tobacco and leguminous crops, transplanting and cultivating disease-free strong seedlings are respectively applied with the compound microbial fertilizer for 1 time after soil cultivation and 30d after tobacco transplanting; from 15d after transplanting, 2 hundred million CFU/ml rhodopseudomonas palustris PSB-S suspending agent, 6% oligosaccharin aqueous solution and 2% lentinan aqueous solution are sprayed every 7d, each agent is applied for 3 times, the test treatment has obvious effects on physical indexes such as soil volume weight, total soil porosity, mao Kongxi degrees, non-pore porosity of soil, soil compactness, soil water storage capacity and the like, and the soil environment for healthy growth of tobacco plants is created, so that the antiviral capability of the tobacco plants is improved, and the occurrence and popularity of virus diseases are reduced. Any measure is absent, and the physical index of soil and the occurrence and the prevalence of virus diseases are obviously influenced.
TABLE 4 influence of different treatments on physical Properties of tobacco-planting soil
The experimental investigation statistical results of chemical indexes of tobacco-planting soil in different treatments are shown in table 5, and the results show that on the basis of crop rotation based on tobacco and leguminous crops, transplanting and cultivating disease-free strong seedlings are respectively applied with compound microbial fertilizers for 1 time after soil cultivation and 30d after tobacco transplanting; from 15d after transplanting, 2 hundred million CFU/ml rhodopseudomonas palustris PSB-S suspending agent, 6% oligosaccharin aqueous solution and 2% lentinan aqueous solution are sprayed every 7d, each agent is applied for 3 times, the test treatment has obvious effects on chemical indexes such as pH, organic matters, total nitrogen, hydrolytic nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, total potassium, quick-acting potassium and the like, and the nutrition elements for healthy growth of tobacco plants are provided, so that the antiviral capability of the tobacco plants is improved, and the occurrence and popularity of viral diseases are lightened. Any measure is absent, and the chemical index of soil and the occurrence and the prevalence of virus diseases are obviously influenced.
TABLE 5 influence of different treatments on chemical index of tobacco-planting soil
The experimental investigation and statistics results of the enzyme activities of the tobacco planting soil in different treatments are shown in table 6, and the results show that on the basis of crop rotation based on tobacco and leguminous crops, transplanting and cultivating disease-free strong seedlings are respectively applied with the compound microbial fertilizer for 1 time after soil cultivation and 30d after tobacco transplanting; from 15d after transplanting, 2 hundred million CFU/ml rhodopseudomonas palustris PSB-S suspending agent, 6% oligosaccharin aqueous solution and 2% lentinan aqueous solution are sprayed every 7d, each agent is applied for 3 times, the test treatment has obvious effect on enzyme activities of catalase, urease, acid phosphatase, sucrase and the like, and the soil microenvironment for healthy growth of tobacco plants is created, so that the antiviral capability of the tobacco plants is improved, and the occurrence and the popularity of the viral diseases are reduced. The absence of either measure has a significant impact on both soil enzyme activity and viral disease prevalence.
TABLE 6 Effect of different treatments on tobacco planting soil enzyme Activity
The test and investigation statistical results of the prevention and control effects of different treatments on tobacco virus diseases are shown in table 7, and the results show that on the basis of crop rotation based on tobacco and leguminous crops, transplanting and cultivating disease-free strong seedlings are respectively applied with compound microbial fertilizers for 1 time after soil cultivation and 30d after tobacco transplanting; from 15d after transplanting, 2 hundred million CFU/ml rhodopseudomonas palustris PSB-S suspending agent, 6% oligosaccharin aqueous solution and 2% lentinan aqueous solution are sprayed every 7d, each agent is applied for 3 times, and the test treatment has good prevention and control effects on tobacco virus diseases such as tomato spotted wilt virus disease, common mosaic virus disease, cucumber mosaic virus disease, potato Y virus disease, pepper vein mottle virus disease, tomato ring spot virus disease and the like. Any measure is absent, and the epidemic and prevention and control effects of the tobacco virus diseases are obviously affected.
TABLE 7 prevention and control effects of different treatments on tobacco virus diseases
Although the invention has been described herein with reference to a number of illustrative embodiments thereof, it should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the scope and spirit of the principles of this disclosure. More specifically, various variations and modifications may be made to the component parts and/or arrangements of the subject combination arrangement within the scope of the disclosure, drawings and claims of this application. In addition to variations and modifications in the component parts and/or arrangements, other uses will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. The comprehensive control method for the tobacco virus diseases is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Tobacco and leguminous crops rotation: two-year four-maturing crop rotation planting;
(2) Cultivating disease-free strong seedlings: the method comprises the steps of using a composite microbial agent when cultivating disease-free strong seedlings during crop planting, wherein the microbial agent is selected from composite microbial agents containing bacillus methylotrophicus and bacillus siamensis;
(3) Fertilizing and controlling diseases: spraying a compound microbial fertilizer containing beauveria bassiana and salt-tolerant bacillus during tobacco planting;
(4) Medicament disease control: the microbial agent and the immunity resistance inducer are sprayed during crop planting.
2. The method for comprehensively preventing and treating tobacco virus diseases according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the tobacco virus disease comprises at least one of tomato spotted wilt virus disease, tobacco mosaic virus disease, tobacco cucumber mosaic virus disease, potato virus Y, pepper vein mottle virus disease and tomato ring spot virus disease.
3. The method for comprehensively preventing and treating tobacco virus diseases according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), leguminous plants are selected from any one of broad beans, peas and alfalfa, and two-year four-harvest rotation is carried out, wherein the rotation mode is as follows: flue-cured tobacco-leguminous plants.
4. The method for comprehensively preventing and treating tobacco virus diseases according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the composite microbial agent containing the bacillus methylotrophicus and the bacillus siamensis comprises the following components: alginic acid, amino acids, fulvic acid, bacillus methylotrophicus and bacillus siamensis;
the mass percentage contents of all substances in the composite microbial agent are as follows: 15% of alginic acid, 15% of amino acid, 60% of fulvic acid, 5% of bacillus methylotrophicus and 5% of bacillus siamensis;
the Bacillus methylotrophicus content is not less than 1×10 9 cfu/mL, the content of the Siamese bacillus is not less than 1 multiplied by 10 9 cfu/mL。
5. The method for comprehensively preventing and treating tobacco virus diseases according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), 1.5kg of compound microorganism bacteria is added into each cubic meter of seedling culture matrix during cultivation of disease-free strong planting;
and/or 1.0kg of the compound microorganism bacterial agent is applied to every 100 square meters when the 7 th leaf of the tobacco seedling grows out;
and/or 1.0kg of the compound microorganism bacterial agent is applied every 100 square meters 3 days before transplanting;
the application frequency of the compound microbial agent is 2-3 times.
6. The method for comprehensively preventing and treating tobacco virus diseases according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (3), the compound microbial fertilizer comprises Chinese medicinal residues, tea residues, oil cakes, biochar, beauveria bassiana and salt-tolerant bacillus;
the mass percentage contents of all substances in the compound microbial fertilizer are as follows: 50% of Chinese medicinal residues, 20% of tea residues, 10% of charcoal, 10% of oil cake, 5% of bacillus methylotrophicus and 5% of bacillus siamensis;
the Bacillus methylotrophicus content is not less than 2×10 8 cfu/g, the content of the Siamese bacillus is not less than 2 multiplied by 10 8 cfu/g。
7. The method for comprehensively preventing and treating tobacco virus diseases according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (3), shi Fuge microbial fertilizer is added to the leguminous crops after harvesting and soil cultivation, wherein the weight of the microbial fertilizer is 100-200 kg/mu;
and/or, dressing 100-200 kg/mu of compound microorganism bacterial fertilizer after 30d of tobacco transplanting;
the application frequency of the compound microbial fertilizer is 1-2 times.
8. The method for comprehensively preventing and treating tobacco virus diseases according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (4), the microbial agent preparation is rhodopseudomonas palustris PSB-S suspending agent, and 2 hundred million CFU/ml rhodopseudomonas palustris PSB-S suspending agent is sprayed for 180-240 ml/mu for 2-3 times continuously from 15d after emergence and/or 15d after transplanting every 7-10 d;
and/or the immunity resistance inducer is selected from oligosaccharin aqua and lentinan aqua, and is sprayed with 6% oligosaccharin aqua 50-60 ml/mu from 15d after emergence and/or 15d after transplanting;
and/or 2% lentinan aqua 30-40 ml/mu, 2-3 times continuously.
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