CN110495368A - A kind of control method of tobacco diseases - Google Patents
A kind of control method of tobacco diseases Download PDFInfo
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- CN110495368A CN110495368A CN201910748684.6A CN201910748684A CN110495368A CN 110495368 A CN110495368 A CN 110495368A CN 201910748684 A CN201910748684 A CN 201910748684A CN 110495368 A CN110495368 A CN 110495368A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
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Abstract
The present invention relates to tobacco planting technical fields, in particular to a kind of control method of tobacco diseases.The control method of the tobacco diseases, comprising the following steps: tobacco is carried out nursery by (a) in the matrix containing microbial bacterial agent；(b) seedling stage is transplanted, and sprays microbial bacterial agent to tobacco seedlings before transplanting；(c) 25-30 days after tobacco transplant, the mixture of the matrix containing microbial bacterial agent and tobacco fertilizer is applied to tobacco root；The effective component of the microbial bacterial agent includes bacillus subtilis and the false single packet bacillus of fluorescence.The present invention applies the mix bacterium agent of bacillus subtilis and the false single packet bacillus of fluorescence after the nursery stage of tobacco and transplanting, can effectively prevent the diseases such as balck shank and the bacterial wilt of tobacco by different administration time and method of administration, reduce tobacco pathogenesis rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tobacco planting technical fields, in particular to a kind of control method of tobacco diseases.
Background technique
Balck shank and bacterial wilt are that have larger destructive two kinds of diseases in tobacco leaf production, typically occur in cigarette strain and beat
Top front and back causes tobacco grower's loss serious.Thiophanate methyl wettable powder or hundred are mainly applied about the prevention and treatment of balck shank at present
Streptomycin sulphate or network ammonia copper water agent are mainly applied in the clear wettable powder of bacterium, the prevention and treatment of bacterial wilt.But these chemical agents is anti-
Control ineffective, the disease incidence of tobacco black shank and bacterial wilt is still very high.
In view of this, the present invention is specifically proposed.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to a kind of control methods of tobacco diseases, comprising the following steps:
(a) tobacco is carried out to nursery in the matrix containing microbial bacterial agent；
(b) seedling stage is transplanted, and sprays microbial bacterial agent to tobacco seedlings before transplanting；
(c) 25-30 days after tobacco transplant, the mixture of the matrix containing microbial bacterial agent and tobacco fertilizer is applied to
Tobacco root；
The effective component of the microbial bacterial agent includes bacillus subtilis and the false single packet bacillus of fluorescence.
The control method of tobacco diseases in the present invention, after the nursery stage of tobacco and transplanting apply bacillus subtilis and
The mix bacterium agent of the false single packet bacillus of fluorescence.The balck shank of tobacco can be effectively prevented by different administration times, method of administration
With the diseases such as bacterial wilt.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the benefit that
(1) present invention begins to use the mix bacterium agent of bacillus subtilis and the false single packet bacillus of fluorescence from the tobacco seedling phase
It is prevented and treated, can effectively cultivate disease-free strong sprout.
(2) it after tobacco seedling, is sprayed with the mix bacterium agent of the false single packet bacillus of bacillus subtilis and fluorescence, with
Improve tobacco seedlings transplanting survival rate.
It is (3) good to disease-controlling effect with tobacco application of mixed fertilizers after progress bacterial strain cultivation 25-30 days after transplanting,
And reduce microbial inoculum use cost.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but those skilled in the art will
It will be appreciated that the following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and it is not construed as limiting the scope of the invention.It is not specified in embodiment
Actual conditions person carries out according to conventional conditions or manufacturer's recommended conditions.Production firm is not specified in agents useful for same or instrument
Person, being can be with conventional products that are commercially available.
A kind of control method of tobacco diseases, comprising the following steps:
(a) tobacco is carried out to nursery in the matrix containing microbial bacterial agent；
(b) seedling stage is transplanted, and sprays microbial bacterial agent to tobacco seedlings before transplanting；
(c) 25-30 days after tobacco transplant, the mixture of the matrix containing microbial bacterial agent and tobacco fertilizer is applied to
Tobacco root；
The effective component of the microbial bacterial agent includes bacillus subtilis and the false single packet bacillus of fluorescence.
Bacillus subtilis can effectively prevent balck shank, and the false single packet bacillus of fluorescence can effectively prevent bacterial wilt.This hair
The bright 25-30 days field period application bacillus subtilises after the nursery stage of tobacco and transplanting and the false single packet bacillus of fluorescence it is mixed
Combined bacteria agent can preferably prevent and treat tobacco diseases, reduce disease incidence.
Preferably, in step (a), the weight of the false single packet bacillus of the matrix, the bacillus subtilis and the fluorescence
Amount is than being 350:0.05-0.2:0.25-0.4；
The living bacteria count of the bacillus subtilis >=20,000,000,000/gram；
Living bacteria count >=500,000,000 of the false single packet bacillus of the fluorescence/gram.
The present invention fills seedlings nursing plate after mixing the false single packet bacillus uniform stirring of matrix, bacillus subtilis and fluorescence.Nursery
Disk passes through 400-550 times of liquid soaking disinfection 20-30h of chlorine dioxide powder, is then rinsed well with clear water.The matrix 1 applied
Part can be 0.1 cubic metre, about 35kg.By nursery stage apply living bacteria count >=20,000,000,000/gram bacillus subtilis
Bacterium and living bacteria count >=500,000,000/gram the false single packet bacillus of fluorescence, can effectively cultivate disease-free strong sprout.
In one embodiment, the weight of the false single packet bacillus of the matrix, the bacillus subtilis and the fluorescence
Than for 350:0.05-0.2:0.25-0.4, it is also an option that 350:0.08:0.3,350:0.1:0.35,350:0.15:0.4 or
350:0.2:0.35.
In one embodiment, the living bacteria count of the bacillus subtilis >=20,000,000,000/gram, it is also an option that
25000000000/gram, 30,000,000,000/gram, 35,000,000,000/gram, 40,000,000,000/gram, 45,000,000,000/gram or 50,000,000,000/gram.
In one embodiment, living bacteria count >=500,000,000 of the false single packet bacillus of the fluorescence/gram, it is also an option that 10
Hundred million/gram, 1,500,000,000/gram, 2,000,000,000/gram, 2,500,000,000/gram, 3,000,000,000/gram, 3,500,000,000/gram or 4,000,000,000/gram.
Preferably, in step (b), the period for spraying the microbial bacterial agent is 3-5 days before tobacco seedlings transplanting；
Living bacteria count >=20,000,000,000 in the mother liquor of the bacillus subtilis/gram；
Living bacteria count >=500,000,000 in the mother liquor of the false single packet bacillus of the fluorescence/gram；
In the microbial bacterial agent sprayed, the bacillus subtilis is 400-600 times of liquid, the false single packet bacillus of the fluorescence
For 250-350 times of liquid.
3-5 days seedling stages before transplanting, with 400-600 times of liquid of bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescence 250-350
Times liquid carries out spraying tobacco seedlings after mixing, to improve the transfer survival rate of tobacco seedlings.
Preferably, in step (c), the matrix containing microbial bacterial agent and the weight ratio of the tobacco fertilizer are
2-3:1。
In one embodiment, the matrix containing microbial bacterial agent and the weight ratio of the tobacco fertilizer are 2-
3:1.It is also an option that 2.1:1,2.2:1,2.3:1,2.4:1,2.5:1,2.6:1,2.7:1,2.8:1 or 2.9:1.
Preferably, in step (c), the matrix containing microbial bacterial agent is obtained after the cultivation of bacterial strain, tool
Body method includes: to spread out after mixing the microbial bacterial agent with matrix, the matrix, the bacillus subtilis and described
The weight ratio of the raw material of the false single packet bacillus of fluorescence is 350:0.8-1.5:3-4, is spread out with a thickness of 3-5cm, the cultivation temperature≤
35 DEG C, the cultivation time is 1-3 days.
Single packet bacillus false to bacillus subtilis and the fluorescence carries out expansion propagating and cultivating after transplanting, by using specific
It spreads out thickness, cultivate temperature and time, can preferably expand numerous bacterial strain, reduce the use cost of microbial bacterial agent, and more effective
Ground prevents and treats tobacco diseases.
In one embodiment, the weight ratio of the raw material of the bacillus subtilis and the false single packet bacillus of the fluorescence
For 350:0.8-1.5:3-4, it is also an option that 350:0.8:4,350:0.1:3.5,350:1.5:3 or 350:1.5:4.
In one embodiment, the matrix, bacillus subtilis and fluorescence false single packet bacillus mixture spread out
With a thickness of 3-5cm, it is also an option that 3.5cm.
In one embodiment, cultivation temperature≤35 DEG C, it is also an option that 28 DEG C, 29 DEG C, 30 DEG C, 31 DEG C, 32
DEG C, 33 DEG C or 34 DEG C.
In one embodiment, the cultivation time is 1-3 days, it is also an option that 2 days.
Preferably, in step (c), by the mixture of the matrix containing microbial bacterial agent and tobacco fertilizer around cigarette
8-10cm annularly applies around strain stem root, and applied amount is 10-20kg/ mus, and application time is 25-30 days after transplanting.
25-30 days after tobacco transplant, by the mixture of the matrix of the microbial bacterial agent after expansion is numerous and tobacco fertilizer
8-10cm annularly applies around cigarette strain stem root, can preferably make tobacco seedling growth, reduces disease incidence.
In one embodiment, the applied amount of the mixture of the matrix containing microbial bacterial agent and tobacco fertilizer
It is 10-20kg/ mus, it is also an option that 11kg/ mus, 12kg/ mus, 13kg/ mus, 14kg/ mus, 15kg/ mus, 16kg/ mus, 17kg/
Mu, 18kg/ mus or 19kg/ mus.
In one embodiment, application time be transplanting after 25-30 days, it is also an option that transplant after 26 days, 27 days,
28 days or 29 days.
Preferably, the control method of the tobacco diseases further include:
The tobacco transplant is after 110 days, when full field disease cigarette morbidity >=50%, carries out whole strain to tobacco and cuts receipts；
Preferably, the receipts of cutting are tiltedly to be cut between next pitch of the minimum leaf position of inexhausted blade with knife, every 3-
4 leaves cut a section.
Harvesting ripe degree: first is that after the onset of cigarette strain, here lowest part tobacco leaf is not wither, Top Leaves main reinforcement is entirely white to adopt
It plucks.Second is that here will wither for lower tobacco leaf, but the cigarette strain that top main reinforcement not yet whitens, a wheel tobacco leaf can be picked again, wait top
Tobacco leaf main reinforcement reach whiting after carry out cutting again it is roasting.
Cut receipts method particularly includes: 1. first remove blade exhausted below diseased plant, only cut the cigarette of valuable baking
Leaf；2. tiltedly being cut with knife, forbidding flat cut；3. every 3-4 piece leaf cuts a section；4. being filled according to mature (false ripe) class side of classify when cutting
Frame.
Wherein, tiltedly cutting is contact surface in order to increase tobacco stem and air, first is that can increase the humidity of early stage in barn；
Second is that large contact surface can accelerate scattering and disappearing for middle and later periods moisture, especially in fixation stage, the dust and variegated journey of tobacco leaf are reduced
Degree.
Cut receipts quantity: every 4000-5000 plants of intensive baking room capacity, i.e. dress cigarette 300-320 pole/furnace.
It compiles dress method: carrying out classification according to the false ripe color of tobacco leaf and compile pole, generally compile cigarette 25-30 plants/pole, it is dilute close moderate,
Pole, dress cigarette will be alternately hung using triangle disposition mode with the minimum leaf bit interleaving of stem cigarette strain across on cigarette pole.
Preferably, the control method of the tobacco diseases further includes the operation toasted to the tobacco cut after receiving.
Baking prometaphase moisture content is higher, i.e., moisture content in leaves is regulated to key；Class leaf ratio is high in Tobacco Leaf Curing
For peak value time of occurrence earlier than normal tobacco leaf, i.e. the more normal tobacco leaf of tobacco leaf flavescence speed is fast, and tobacco leaf Huang is dry to be coordinated to be crucial；Baking
Early period, polyphenol oxidase activity was higher than normal tobacco leaf, i.e., tobacco leaf is easy blackening, and resistance to roasting property is poor；Diseased plant tobacco leaf is false ripe tobacco leaf,
Beijing opera meat is not yellow, is not Mature Tobacco Leaves, and carbohydrate content is low after baking, and nitrogenous compound content is high, i.e. the easily roasting property of tobacco leaf
It is poor.Roasting, moisture (nearly increase by 1 times) of the increase circulation in tobacco leaf, the easily roasting property of improvement tobacco leaf are cut by band stem；With " yellow
It is dry to coordinate " it is core, allow top dry-up to be greater than Huang, improves the resistance to roasting property of tobacco leaf.Therefore, baking strategy is " relatively-high temperature low humidity turns yellow
Soften, the safe fixation of relative low temperature low humidity ".
It preferably, further include operation of the tobacco in nursery period progress water and fertilizer management, the water and fertilizer management uses drip irrigation zone
It carries out；
Preferably, the water is full of drip irrigation zone in 5min；
Using modelDrip irrigation zone, move three seed plates in each water pond, make between seed plate just
The gap of 0.8-1.2cm can be reserved well, and keep each trickle irrigation piece space away from 53-56cm, using difference in height, i.e., water tank with
The mode of distance >=2m or the water pump pressurization on ground carries out water delivery trickle irrigation, water is full of drip irrigation zone in 5min, it is ensured that each
The amount of dripping in water pond is almost the same.
Preferably, tobacco seed after planting, for the first time with water irrigate 3-5h, later every 2-3 days with water irrigation 1-2h,
The depth for controlling nutrient solution in seedlings nursing plate is no more than 2cm, and the concentration of N element is 140-160mg/kg；
After seed sowing and drip irrigation system are laid, drip irrigation system is opened in time and irrigate 3-5 hours for the first time, control
The control of Depth Nutrient Solution≤2cm in nursery water pond, N element concentration is in 140-160mg/kg, and view matrix moistens journey within every 2-3 days later
Degree trickle irrigation 1-2 hours, until emergence, after emergence and while carrying out thinning.
Preferably, for the tobacco in emergence to leaf-cutting period, the depth for controlling nutrient solution in seedlings nursing plate is 0.8-1.2cm,
The concentration of N element is 90-110mg/kg；
Tobacco emerges will control moisture to leaf-cutting period in time, and nutrition nutrient solution is maintained at 0.8-1.2cm deeply in pond, and N element is dense
When degree controls when water is dry in 90-110mg/kg, water pond and stromal surface starts to occur dry and comfortable, trickle irrigation system should be opened in time
System supplement liquid manure, but it is noted that moisturizing fertilizer is unsuitable too late, otherwise tobacco seedling growth can be suppressed.
Preferably, in the seedling stage of tobacco, 9-12 days interruptions were irrigated with water before transplanting, every 5-6 days irrigation 0.4-
0.6h。
Root system all wraps up matrix when guaranteeing into mattress, controls the degree of water with tobacco seedlings noon and slight wilting, morning and evening energy occurs
Recovery is advisable.
Preferably, the control method of the tobacco diseases further includes being carried out disinfection the behaviour of processing before tobacco transplant to soil
Make, the disinfection treatment of the soil preferably uses native Bark, and the amount of application of the soil Bark is 500-1000g/ mus；
Preferably, the native Bark is selected from least one of native Bark 1, native Bark 2 and native Bark 3.
Native Bark method of administration are as follows: (1) before loosening the soil, native Bark is spread fertilizer over the fields to field, then carries out Soil tillage and loosens the soil；
(2) before playing the ridge after loosening the soil, native Bark is uniformly mixed with base manure such as compound fertilizers and carries out row replacement.It cannot be with when spreading fertilizer over the fields native Bark
Insecticide or herbicide are co-administered.
By applying native Bark, sterilization and soil hardening reparation preferably can be carried out to soil, root can be inhibited to reach
The generation of portion's disease, and the purpose of soil physical chemistry shape can be improved.
In a preferred embodiment, the control method of the tobacco diseases, comprising the following steps:
(1) seedlings nursing plate sterilizes: impregnating seedlings nursing plate 20-30h with 400-550 times of liquid of chlorine dioxide powder, is then rushed with clear water
Wash clean；
(2) microbial bacterial agent is mixed with matrix: by the false single packet bacillus uniform stirring of matrix, bacillus subtilis and fluorescence
Seedlings nursing plate is filled after mixing；The weight ratio of the false single packet bacillus of the matrix, the bacillus subtilis and the fluorescence is 350:
0.05-0.2:0.25-0.4；
The living bacteria count of the bacillus subtilis >=20,000,000,000/gram；
Living bacteria count >=500,000,000 of the false single packet bacillus of the fluorescence/gram；
(3) trickle irrigation installation and water and fertilizer management: model is usedDrip irrigation zone, move in each water pond
Three seed plates, make the gap that 0.8-1.2cm can just be reserved between seed plate, and keep each trickle irrigation piece space away from 53-
56cm, using difference in height, i.e., water tank at a distance from ground >=mode of 2m or water pump pressurization carries out water delivery trickle irrigation, in 5min
Water is full of drip irrigation zone, it is ensured that the amount of dripping in each water pond is almost the same；
After seed sowing and drip irrigation system are laid, drip irrigation system is opened in time and irrigate 3-5 hours for the first time, control
The control of Depth Nutrient Solution≤2cm in nursery water pond, N element concentration is in 140-160mg/kg, and view matrix moistens journey within every 2-3 days later
Degree trickle irrigation 1-2 hours, until emergence, after emergence and while carrying out thinning；
Emergence controls moisture, nutrition nutrient solution keeps 0.8-1.2cm deeply in pond, and N element concentration is controlled in 90- to leaf-cutting in time
110mg/kg when water is dry in water pond and when stromal surface starts to occur dry and comfortable, should open drip irrigation system supplement liquid manure in time,
But it is noted that moisturizing fertilizer is unsuitable too late, otherwise tobacco seedling growth can be suppressed；
In the seedling stage of tobacco, 9-12 days interruptions are irrigated with water before transplanting, every 5-6 days irrigation 0.4-0.6h, guarantee at
Root system all wraps up matrix when mattress, controls the degree of water with tobacco seedlings noon and slight wilting occurs, can restore to be advisable sooner or later；
(4) seedling sprays: 3-5 days seedling stages before transplanting, false single with 400-600 times of liquid of bacillus subtilis and fluorescence
250-350 times of liquid of born of the same parents bacillus carries out spraying tobacco seedlings after mixing；
Living bacteria count >=20,000,000,000 in the mother liquor of the bacillus subtilis/gram；
Living bacteria count >=500,000,000 in the mother liquor of the false single packet bacillus of the fluorescence/gram；
(5) bacterial strain is cultivated: 20-25 days after transplanting, bacterial strain cultivation is carried out in canopy, by the microbial bacterial agent and base
It is spread out after matter mixing, the weight ratio of the raw material of the false single packet bacillus of the matrix, the bacillus subtilis and the fluorescence is
350:0.8-1.5:3-4 spreads out thickness in 3-5cm, and matrix is kept to be in moisture state, temperature of shed≤35 DEG C, when cultivation
Between be 1-3 days；
(6) it carries out disinfection processing to soil: before loosening the soil, native Bark being spread fertilizer over the fields to field, then carry out Soil tillage pine
Soil；Before playing the ridge after loosening the soil, native Bark is uniformly mixed with base manure such as compound fertilizers and carries out row replacement；It is described soil Bark amount of application be
500-1000g/ mus；
(7) it is managed after transplanting: 25-30 days after cultivation, by the mixed-matrix cultivated and the dedicated top dressing of tobacco according to 2-3:1
Ratio mix after, 8-10cm ring-type is spread fertilizer over the fields around cigarette strain stem root, amount of application be 10-20kg/ mus, then carry out
Ridging covering；
(8) means to save the situation after tobacco pathogenesis: after tobacco transplant 110 days, when full field disease cigarette morbidity >=50%, to tobacco
It carries out whole strain and cuts receipts；Cutting receipts is tiltedly to be cut between next pitch of the inexhausted minimum leaf position of blade with knife, every 3-4 piece leaf
Cut a section；Cut receipts quantity: every 4000-5000 plants of intensive baking room capacity, that is, dress cigarette 300-320 pole/furnace；Compile dress method:
Classification, which is carried out, according to the false ripe color of tobacco leaf compiles pole, it will be with the minimum leaf bit interleaving of stem cigarette strain across on cigarette pole, using " product " word
Shape mode alternately hangs pole, dress cigarette.
The present invention is using early prevention as core, by utilizing the administration time of different microorganisms microbial inoculum, method of administration and not
Application etc. in proportion, is prevented and treated in the time of infertility, and adds remedial measure in the later period, is formed from seedling stage-transplanting-field pipe-
The prevention and treatment of one " closed loop " in maturity period, remedial technique can effectively prevent the root systems class disease such as balck shank, bacterial wilt and (be commonly called as
" dead cigarette ") generation, reduce disease occur after loss.
The present invention is further illustrated with comparative example below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
Tobacco planting place of the present invention, time and plantation ground area are as follows: Sichuan Province, Mahayana town, Yibin City Pingshan County,
Test is carried out in new town, the town Zhong Dou respectively, and test flue-cured tobacco cultivars are cloud 87, and Yu Yiyue 16 starts nursery, and test seedling growth greenhouse is 2
Greenhouse (for 60 mu of transplanting areas) compares as conventional prevention and treatment and operation.Transplanting on April 6 is Transplanting Test 2 mu.
Embodiment 1
A kind of control method of tobacco diseases, comprising the following steps:
(1) seedlings nursing plate sterilizes: impregnating seedlings nursing plate for 24 hours with 500 times of liquid of chlorine dioxide powder, is then rinsed well with clear water；
(2) microbial bacterial agent is mixed with matrix: by the false single packet bacillus uniform stirring of matrix, bacillus subtilis and fluorescence
Seedlings nursing plate is filled after mixing；The weight ratio of the false single packet bacillus of the matrix, the bacillus subtilis and the fluorescence is 350:1:
0.35；
The living bacteria count of the bacillus subtilis >=20,000,000,000/gram；
Living bacteria count >=500,000,000 of the false single packet bacillus of the fluorescence/gram；
(3) trickle irrigation installation and water and fertilizer management: model is usedDrip irrigation zone, move in each water pond
Three seed plates, make the gap that 1cm can just be reserved between seed plate, and keep each trickle irrigation piece space away from 55cm, using height
Spend it is poor, i.e., water tank at a distance from ground >=2m or water pump pressurization mode carry out water delivery trickle irrigation, in 5min water full of drip
Fill band, it is ensured that the amount of dripping in each water pond is almost the same；
After seed sowing and drip irrigation system are laid, drip irrigation system is opened in time and irrigate 3-5 hours for the first time, control
The control of Depth Nutrient Solution≤2cm in nursery water pond, N element concentration is in 150mg/kg, and view matrix moistens degree drop within every 2-3 days later
It fills 1-2 hours, until emergence, after emergence and while carrying out thinning；
It emerges to leaf-cutting, controls moisture in time, nutrition nutrient solution keeps 1cm deeply in pond, and N element concentration is controlled in 100mg/kg,
When water is dry in water pond and when stromal surface starts to occur dry and comfortable, drip irrigation system supplement liquid manure should be opened in time, but it is noted that mend
Liquid manure is unsuitable too late, and otherwise tobacco seedling growth can be suppressed；
In the seedling stage of tobacco, 9-12 days interruptions are irrigated with water before transplanting, every 5-6 days irrigation 0.4-0.6h, guarantee at
Root system all wraps up matrix when mattress, controls the degree of water with tobacco seedlings noon and slight wilting occurs, can restore to be advisable sooner or later；
(4) seedling sprays: 3-5 days seedling stages before transplanting, with 500 times of liquid of bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas bar
300 times of liquid of bacterium carry out spraying tobacco seedlings after mixing；
Living bacteria count >=20,000,000,000 in the mother liquor of the bacillus subtilis/gram；
Living bacteria count >=500,000,000 in the mother liquor of the false single packet bacillus of the fluorescence/gram；
(5) bacterial strain is cultivated: 20-25 days after transplanting, bacterial strain cultivation is carried out in canopy, by the microbial bacterial agent and base
It is spread out after matter mixing, the weight ratio of the raw material of the false single packet bacillus of the matrix, the bacillus subtilis and the fluorescence is
350:1:3.5 spreads out thickness in 3-5cm, and matrix is kept to be in moisture state, and temperature of shed≤35 DEG C, cultivating the time is 2
It；
(6) it carries out disinfection processing to soil: before loosening the soil, native Bark 1 and native No. 3 mixing of Bark being spread fertilizer over the fields to field,
Soil tillage is carried out again to loosen the soil；Before playing the ridge after loosening the soil, native Bark 1, native Bark 3 are mixed with base manure such as compound fertilizers
Even carry out row replacement；The soil Bark amount of application is 1000g/ mus；
(7) it is managed after transplanting: 25-30 days after cultivation, by the mixed-matrix cultivated and special for flue-cured tobacco top dressing according to 2.5:1
Ratio mix after, 8-10cm ring-type is spread fertilizer over the fields around cigarette strain stem root, amount of application be 15kg/ mus, then earth up
Covering；
The tobacco planting place is in Sichuan Province, Mahayana town, Yibin City Pingshan County.
Embodiment 2
A kind of control method of tobacco diseases, comprising the following steps:
(1) seed plate sterilizes: impregnating seedlings nursing plate 30h with 550 times of liquid of chlorine dioxide powder, is then rinsed well with clear water；
(2) microbial inoculum is mixed with matrix: after the false single packet bacillus uniform stirring of matrix, bacillus subtilis and fluorescence is mixed
Fill seedlings nursing plate；The weight ratio of the false single packet bacillus of the matrix, the bacillus subtilis and the fluorescence is 350:0.05:
0.4；
The living bacteria count of the bacillus subtilis >=20,000,000,000/gram；
Living bacteria count >=500,000,000 of the false single packet bacillus of the fluorescence/gram；
(3) trickle irrigation installation and water and fertilizer management: model is usedDrip irrigation zone, move in each water pond
Three seed plates make the gap that can just reserve 1.2cm between seed plate, and keep each trickle irrigation piece space away from 56cm, using height
Spend it is poor, i.e., water tank at a distance from ground >=2m or water pump pressurization mode carry out water delivery progress trickle irrigation, water is filled in 5min
Full drip irrigation zone, it is ensured that the amount of dripping in each water pond is almost the same；
After seed sowing and drip irrigation system are laid, drip irrigation system is opened in time and irrigate 3-5 hours for the first time, control
The control of Depth Nutrient Solution≤2cm in nursery water pond, N element concentration is in 140mg/kg, and view matrix moistens degree drop within every 2-3 days later
It fills 1-2 hours, until emergence, after emergence and while carrying out thinning；
Emergence controls moisture, nutrition nutrient solution keeps 1.2cm deeply in pond, and N element concentration is controlled in 90mg/ to leaf-cutting in time
Kg when water is dry in water pond and when stromal surface starts to occur dry and comfortable, should open drip irrigation system supplement liquid manure, but to infuse in time
Moisturizing fertilizer of anticipating is unsuitable too late, and otherwise tobacco seedling growth can be suppressed；
In the seedling stage of tobacco, 9-12 days interruptions are irrigated with water before transplanting, every 5-6 days irrigation 0.4-0.6h, guarantee at
Root system all wraps up matrix when mattress, controls the degree of water with tobacco seedlings noon and slight wilting occurs, can restore to be advisable sooner or later；
(4) seedling sprays: the preceding 4 days seedling stages of transplanting, with 600 times of liquid of bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescence
250 times of liquid carry out spraying tobacco seedlings after mixing；
Living bacteria count >=20,000,000,000 in the mother liquor of the bacillus subtilis/gram；
Living bacteria count >=500,000,000 in the mother liquor of the false single packet bacillus of the fluorescence/gram；
(5) bacterial strain is cultivated: 24 days after transplanting, bacterial strain cultivation is carried out in canopy, the microbial bacterial agent is mixed with matrix
It is spread out after conjunction, the weight ratio of the raw material of the false single packet bacillus of the matrix, the bacillus subtilis and the fluorescence is 350:
0.8-1.5:3-4 spreads out thickness in 3-5cm, and matrix is kept to be in moisture state, temperature of shed≤35 DEG C, cultivates the time and is
1 day；
(6) it carries out disinfection processing to soil: before loosening the soil, native Bark 1 and native Bark 3 being spread fertilizer over the fields to field, then into
Row Soil tillage loosens the soil；Before playing the ridge after loosening the soil, native Bark 1, native Bark 3 are uniformly mixed with base manure such as compound fertilizers into
Row row replacement；Amount of application is 500g/ mus；
(7) it is managed after transplanting: 28 days after cultivation, by the mixed-matrix cultivated and special for flue-cured tobacco top dressing according to the ratio of 3:1
After mixing, 8-10cm ring-type is spread fertilizer over the fields around cigarette strain stem root, and amount of application is 20kg/ mus, then carries out ridging covering；
The tobacco planting place is in Sichuan Province, new town, Yibin City Pingshan County.
Embodiment 3
A kind of control method of tobacco diseases, comprising the following steps:
(1) seed plate sterilizes: impregnating seedlings nursing plate 20h with 400 times of liquid of chlorine dioxide powder, is then rinsed well with clear water；
(2) microbial inoculum is mixed with matrix: after the false single packet bacillus uniform stirring of matrix, bacillus subtilis and fluorescence is mixed
Fill seedlings nursing plate；The weight ratio of the false single packet bacillus of the matrix, the bacillus subtilis and the fluorescence is 350:0.2:
0.25；
The living bacteria count of the bacillus subtilis >=20,000,000,000/gram；
Living bacteria count >=500,000,000 of the false single packet bacillus of the fluorescence/gram；
(3) trickle irrigation installation and water and fertilizer management: model is usedDrip irrigation zone, move in each water pond
Three seed plates make the gap that can just reserve 0.8cm between seed plate, and keep each trickle irrigation piece space away from 56cm, using height
Spend it is poor, i.e., water tank at a distance from ground >=2m or water pump pressurization mode carry out water delivery progress trickle irrigation, water is filled in 5min
Full drip irrigation zone, it is ensured that the amount of dripping in each water pond is almost the same；
After seed sowing and drip irrigation system are laid, drip irrigation system is opened in time and irrigate 3-5 hours for the first time, control
The control of Depth Nutrient Solution≤2cm in nursery water pond, N element concentration is in 140mg/kg, and view matrix moistens degree drop within every 2-3 days later
It fills 1-2 hours, until emergence, after emergence and while carrying out thinning；
Emergence controls moisture, nutrition nutrient solution keeps 1.2cm deeply in pond, and N element concentration is controlled in 110mg/ to leaf-cutting in time
Kg when water is dry in water pond and when stromal surface starts to occur dry and comfortable, should open drip irrigation system supplement liquid manure, but to infuse in time
Moisturizing fertilizer of anticipating is unsuitable too late, and otherwise tobacco seedling growth can be suppressed；
In the seedling stage of tobacco, 9-12 days interruptions are irrigated with water before transplanting, every 5-6 days irrigation 0.4-0.6h, guarantee at
Root system all wraps up matrix when mattress, controls the degree of water with tobacco seedlings noon and slight wilting occurs, can restore to be advisable sooner or later；
(4) seedling sprays: the preceding 5 days seedling stages of transplanting, with 400 times of liquid of bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescence
350 times of liquid carry out spraying tobacco seedlings after mixing；
Living bacteria count >=20,000,000,000 in the mother liquor of the bacillus subtilis/gram；
Living bacteria count >=500,000,000 in the mother liquor of the false single packet bacillus of the fluorescence/gram；
(5) bacterial strain is cultivated: 25 days after transplanting, bacterial strain cultivation is carried out in canopy, the microbial bacterial agent is mixed with matrix
It is spread out after conjunction, the weight ratio of the raw material of the false single packet bacillus of the matrix, the bacillus subtilis and the fluorescence is 350:
1.5:3 spreads out thickness in 3-5cm, and matrix is kept to be in moisture state, and temperature of shed≤35 DEG C, cultivating the time is 1 day；
(6) it carries out disinfection processing to soil: before loosening the soil, native Bark 1 and native Bark 3 being spread fertilizer over the fields to field, then into
Row Soil tillage loosens the soil；Before playing the ridge after loosening the soil, native Bark 1, native Bark 3 are uniformly mixed with base manure such as compound fertilizers into
Row row replacement；The amount of application of the soil Bark is 1000g/ mus；
(7) it is managed after transplanting: 30 days after cultivation, by the mixed-matrix cultivated and special for flue-cured tobacco top dressing according to the ratio of 2:1
After mixing, 8-10cm ring-type is spread fertilizer over the fields around cigarette strain stem root, and amount of application is 10kg/ mus, then carries out ridging covering；
The tobacco planting place is in Sichuan Province, the town Zhong Dou, Yibin City Pingshan County.
Embodiment 4
A kind of control method of tobacco diseases, except matrix described in step (2), the bacillus subtilis and described glimmering
The weight ratio of the false single packet bacillus of light is other than 350:0.08:0.25, other operating procedures are same as Example 3；
110 days after tobacco transplant, when full field disease cigarette morbidity >=50%, whole strain is carried out to tobacco and cuts receipts；Cutting receipts is not
It is tiltedly cut between next pitch of the exhausted minimum leaf position of blade with knife, every 3 leaves cut a section；Cut receipts quantity: every intensity
4000-5000 plants of barn capacity, i.e. dress cigarette 300-320 pole/furnace；It compiles dress method: carrying out classification volume according to the false ripe color of tobacco leaf
Pole will alternately hang pole, dress cigarette using triangle disposition mode with the minimum leaf bit interleaving of stem cigarette strain across on cigarette pole；Compiling cigarette is
25-30 plants/pole；
The baking process of the disease smoke grass, as shown in table 1；
The baking process of the sick smoke grass of table 1
Comparative example 1
A kind of control method of tobacco diseases, except being not added with microbial bacterial agent in the matrix in tobacco seedling stage, before transplanting
Tobacco seedlings are not sprayed other than microbial bacterial agent, other operating procedures are the same as embodiment 1.
Experimental example 1
(1) seedling stage randomly selects 100 plants of tobacco seedlings out of seedling raising greenhouse and is counted when tobacco seedlings reach seedling standard
Tobacco seedlings situation is investigated, and is compared and analyzed with tobacco seedling phase tobacco seedlings situation in comparative example 1, the results are shown in Table 2；Table 3 is
Nursery stage fertilizer and water management of the present invention and routine techniques amount of labour used statistical result；Table 4 is the upgrowth situation of tobacco seedlings prosperous growth phase；
The different Prevention Technique seedling stage tobacco seedlings situations of table 2
| Embodiment and comparative example | Emergence rate (%) | Susceptible gene (%) | Strong sprout rate (%) |
| Embodiment 1 | 96 | 4 | 94 |
| Embodiment 2 | 97 | 3 | 95 |
| Embodiment 3 | 95 | 6 | 94 |
| Comparative example 1 | 92 | 16 | 88 |
The different control method nursery stage fertilizer and water management amounts of labour used (a/greenhouse) of table 3
| Embodiment and comparative example | Nursery fertilizer and water management recruitment (a) |
| Embodiment 1-3 is averaged the amount of labour used | 1.5 |
| Routine techniques | 3 |
The upgrowth situation of 4 tobacco seedlings prosperous growth phase of table
| Embodiment and comparative example | Susceptible gene (%) |
| Embodiment 1 | 4 |
| Embodiment 2 | 3 |
| Embodiment 3 | 5 |
| Comparative example 1 | 16 |
Not only emergence rate is high for the control method of tobacco diseases it can be seen from table 2-4 through the invention, and susceptible gene is low,
And strong sprout rate is high, and the fertilizer and water management amount of labour used is small, and the susceptible gene of tobacco seedlings prosperous growth phase is lower, has good promotional value.
(2) the case where roasting obtained first-class cigarette will be cut in the embodiment of the present invention 4, adopts roasting technology with use routine and compares
Compared with the results are shown in Table 5；
5 present invention of table cuts roasting and conventional adopt and bakes the case where obtaining better-than-average cigarette
| Embodiment and comparative example | Upper medium grade cigarette ratio (%) |
| Embodiment 4 | 74.23 |
| Routine adopts roasting situation | 52.48 |
As shown in Table 1, the present invention is by specific flue-cured tobacco method, wet-bulb temperature be it is relatively flexible, with Huang it is dry coordinate be
Standard, Huang, which is greater than, to be done, and wet-bulb temperature slightly reduces, and reinforces hydrofuge；Dry to be greater than Huang, wet-bulb temperature slightly increases, and moisturizing turns yellow；Surely
The warm time is flexibly, to be subject to and reach stage tobacco leaf variation targets.As can be seen from Table 5, when tobacco pathogenesis rate >=50%,
It is cut using whole strain roasting, and uses specific baking process, i.e. the specific baking time and specific baking temperature of different times can
To improve the ratio of the better-than-average cigarette obtained after baking, the quality of cigarette is improved, reduces the loss of disease bring.
The present invention from nursery stage begin to use the mixed microorganism microbial inoculum of bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescence into
Row prevention and treatment, and using drip irrigation zone water delivery fertilizer, attenuating is artificial to infect tobacco seedlings probability in spite of illness, can effectively cultivate disease-free strong sprout, reduce black
Shin disease, bacterial wilt disease hair rate；After seedling, mixed microorganism microbial inoculum is sprayed, and improves tobacco seedlings transplanting survival rate；After transplanting
Bacterial strain cultivation is carried out in due course and mixes application with fertilizer special for tobacco material, and control efficiency is good, and lowers microbial inoculum use cost, reduces
Conventional chemical applications of pesticide amount；If late onset, can cut to bake by whole strain can reduce loss to a certain extent.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention., rather than its limitations；
Although present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that:
It is still possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or to some or all of technologies
Feature is equivalently replaced；And these are modified or replaceed, the present invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution is each to be implemented
The range of example technical solution.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of control method of tobacco diseases, which comprises the following steps:
(a) tobacco is carried out to nursery in the matrix containing microbial bacterial agent；
(b) seedling stage is transplanted, and sprays microbial bacterial agent to tobacco seedlings before transplanting；
(c) 25-30 days after tobacco transplant, the mixture of the matrix containing microbial bacterial agent and tobacco fertilizer is applied to Tobacco Root
Portion；
The effective component of the microbial bacterial agent includes bacillus subtilis and the false single packet bacillus of fluorescence.
2. the control method of tobacco diseases according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (a), the matrix,
The weight ratio of the bacillus subtilis and the false single packet bacillus of the fluorescence is 350:0.05-0.2:0.25-0.4；
The living bacteria count of the bacillus subtilis >=20,000,000,000/gram；
Living bacteria count >=500,000,000 of the false single packet bacillus of the fluorescence/gram.
3. the control method of tobacco diseases according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (b), spray described micro-
The period of bacteria agent is 3-5 days before tobacco seedlings transplanting；
Living bacteria count >=20,000,000,000 in the mother liquor of the bacillus subtilis/gram；
Living bacteria count >=500,000,000 in the mother liquor of the false single packet bacillus of the fluorescence/gram；
In the microbial bacterial agent sprayed, the bacillus subtilis is 400-600 times of liquid, and the false single packet bacillus of the fluorescence is 250-
350 times of liquid.
4. the control method of tobacco diseases according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described containing micro- in step (c)
The matrix of bacteria agent and the weight ratio of the tobacco fertilizer are 2-3:1.
5. the control method of tobacco diseases according to claim 1 or 4, which is characterized in that described to contain in step (c)
The matrix of microbial bacterial agent is obtained after the cultivation of bacterial strain, and specific method includes: by the microbial bacterial agent and matrix
It is spread out after mixing, the weight ratio of the raw material of the false single packet bacillus of the matrix, the bacillus subtilis and the fluorescence is 350:
0.8-1.5:3-4 spreads out with a thickness of 3-5cm, cultivation temperature≤35 DEG C, and the cultivation time is 1-3 days.
6. the control method of tobacco diseases according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (c), contain by described in
The matrix of microbial bacterial agent and the mixture of tobacco the fertilizer 8-10cm around cigarette strain stem root annularly apply, and applied amount is
10-20kg/ mus, application time is 25-30 days after transplanting.
7. the control method of tobacco diseases according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the control method of the tobacco diseases
Further include:
The tobacco transplant is after 110 days, when full field disease cigarette morbidity >=50%, carries out whole strain to tobacco and cuts receipts；
Preferably, the receipts of cutting are tiltedly to be cut between next pitch of the minimum leaf position of inexhausted blade with knife, every 3-4 piece leaf
Cut a section.
8. the control method of tobacco diseases according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the control method of the tobacco diseases
It further include the operation toasted to the tobacco cut after receiving.
9. the according to claim 1, control method of tobacco diseases described in any one of 2,3,4,6,7,8, which is characterized in that also
The operation of water and fertilizer management is carried out in nursery period including tobacco, the water and fertilizer management is carried out using drip irrigation zone；
Preferably, the water is full of drip irrigation zone in 5min；
Preferably, tobacco seed after planting, irrigate 3-5h with water for the first time, later every 2-3 days with water irrigation 1-2h, control educates
Depth≤2cm of nutrient solution in seed plate, the concentration of N element are 140-160mg/kg；
Preferably, the tobacco is in emergence to leaf-cutting period, and the depth for controlling nutrient solution in seedlings nursing plate is 0.8-1.2cm, N element
Concentration is 90-110mg/kg；
Preferably, in the seedling stage of tobacco, 9-12 days interruptions were irrigated with water before transplanting, every 5-6 days irrigation 0.4-0.6h.
10. the according to claim 1, control method of tobacco diseases described in any one of 2,3,4,6,7,8, which is characterized in that
It further include being carried out disinfection the operation of processing before tobacco transplant to soil, the disinfection treatment of the soil preferably uses native Bark, institute
The amount of application for stating native Bark is 500-1000g/ mus；
Preferably, the native Bark is selected from least one of native Bark 1, native Bark 2 and native Bark 3.
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| CN117751820A (en) * | 2023-12-13 | 2024-03-26 | 云南省烟草公司丽江市公司 | Comprehensive control method for tobacco rhizome diseases |
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