CN117683197B - 一种用于滚轮外圈的耐高温阻燃型聚氨酯材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于滚轮外圈的耐高温阻燃型聚氨酯材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于滚轮外圈的耐高温阻燃型聚氨酯材料的制备方法,其包括以下步骤S1:将端氨基聚氨酯和2,4,6‑三氯均三嗪在低温条件下反应,然后加入3,3'‑二羟基‑4,4'‑联苯二胺升温反应,得到中间产物;S2:将其与二胺基三嗪衍生物反应,得到以聚氨酯为核,扩展接枝有三嗪环和二羟基联苯胺的树状大分子化合物;S3:将其与二元醇、催化剂和发泡剂混合均匀,得到组分A混合物;S4:将二异氰酸酯和无机填料混合均匀,得到组分B混合物;S5:将组分A混合物和组分B混合物硫化成型得到聚氨酯材料。本发明的聚氨酯材料,不仅具有优异的机械性能,而且具有耐高温和高阻燃等优异性能,可满足滚轮外圈的长期使用要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及聚氨酯材料的技术领域,尤其涉及一种用于滚轮外圈的耐高温阻燃型聚氨酯材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚氨酯是一种高分子材料。在日常生活中的应用广泛如家具中的油漆和涂料,家用电器中的冰箱和冷柜,建筑业中的屋顶防水保温层和内外墙涂料等;还可以做成各种聚氨酯材料如聚氨酯鞋底,聚氨酯纤维,聚氨酯密封胶等。总体来说聚氨酯制品性能可调范围宽、适应性强、耐生物老化、价格适中。聚氨酯滚轮由金属轮芯和聚氨酯外圈层组成,其具有优异的承载能力,得到了广泛的应用。然而,针对高温、易燃易爆等高危工作环境,现有聚氨酯材料的性能仍然无法满足其长期稳定的使用要求。
发明内容
鉴于以上现有技术的不足之处,本发明提供一种用于滚轮外圈的耐高温阻燃型聚氨酯材料及其制备方法,以解决现有聚氨酯材料无法兼具高强度、高弹性、高硬度及阻燃和耐高温等综合性能的技术问题,进而满足滚轮外圈在恶劣条件下的长期使用要求。
为达到以上目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:
一种用于滚轮外圈的耐高温阻燃型聚氨酯材料的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1:将端氨基聚氨酯和2,4,6-三氯均三嗪加入到溶剂中,在低温条件下反应12h,然后加入3,3'-二羟基-4,4'-联苯二胺,升温后回流反应24h,得到以聚氨酯为核,扩展接枝有三嗪环和二羟基联苯胺的中间产物;
S2:将步骤S1得到的中间产物与二胺基三嗪衍生物加入到溶剂中进行反应,得到以聚氨酯为核,扩展接枝有三嗪环和二羟基联苯胺的树状大分子化合物;
S3:将步骤S2得到的树状大分子化合物、二元醇、催化剂和发泡剂搅拌混合均匀,得到组分A混合物;
S4:将二异氰酸酯和无机填料搅拌混合均匀,得到组分B混合物;
S5:将步骤S3得到的组分A混合物和步骤S4得到的组分B混合物搅拌均匀后浇入到模具中,在高压高温的条件下成型10~30min后脱模,得到所述用于滚轮外圈的耐高温阻燃型聚氨酯材料。
优选地,所述端氨基聚氨酯的平均分子量为1000~5000。
优选地,所述二胺基三嗪衍生物由摩尔比为2:1的3,3'-二羟基-4,4'-联苯二胺和2,4,6-三氯均三嗪反应得到。本发明的二胺基三嗪衍生物通过3,3'-二羟基-4,4'-联苯二胺和2,4,6-三氯均三嗪的亲核取代反应,得到二取代胺基均三嗪。
优选地,所述二元醇为6-甲氧基-2,4-环硼氧烷二醇和乙二醇的混合物。本发明制备得到的聚氨酯材料通过引入环硼氧烷,进一步提高了滚轮外圈的阻燃性能和耐高温性能。
优选地,所述催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡、三氧化二锑、异辛酸铋中的至少一种。
优选地,所述树状大分子化合物、二元醇、催化剂和发泡剂的质量比为30~40:60~70:0.5~1.5:2~5。
优选地,所述二异氰酸酯是甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)或二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)中的至少一种。
优选地,所述无机填料为氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、碳黑、碳化硅、二氧化硅中的至少一种。
优选地,所述二异氰酸酯和无机填料的质量比为40~50:1。
优选地,所述高压高温的成型条件为温度90~110℃,压力25~35MPa。
本发明的另外一方面是提供一种用于滚轮外圈的耐高温阻燃型聚氨酯材料,所述聚氨酯材料采用如上述的制备方法制备得到。
本发明以2,4,6-三氯均三嗪和端氨基聚氨酯为原料,利用均三嗪环上活泼的卤原子与端氨基聚氨酯上的胺在低温条件下发生一取代亲核取代反应,制得接枝均三嗪环的聚氨酯核,进而通过与3,3'-二羟基-4,4'-联苯二胺继续进行反应,得到以聚氨酯为核,扩展接枝有三嗪环和二羟基联苯胺的中间产物;该中间产物的端胺基可与二胺基三嗪衍生物上的剩余一个氯原子通过发散法合成具有以聚氨酯为核,扩展接枝有三嗪环和二羟基联苯胺的树状大分子化合物。本发明通过合成所述以聚氨酯为核,扩展接枝有三嗪环和二羟基联苯胺的树状大分子化合物,由于树状大分子化合物独特的结构特点,结合均三嗪环独有的物理化学性质,使得本发明制备得到的滚轮外圈聚氨酯材料不仅具有优异的热稳定性、抗氧化和阻燃等性能,而且具有高强度、高弹性和高硬度等特性。进一步,本发明组分A混合物和组分B混合物在催化反应形成聚氨酯材料的过程中,由于均三嗪环基树状大分子化合物中含有的丰富羟基官能团,使得树状大分子化合物通过化学键结合方式参与到聚氨酯主体材料的合成,结合发泡剂的作用和无机填料的作用,进一步使得本发明制备得到的滚轮外圈聚氨酯材料,不仅具有高强度、高弹性和高硬度等特性,而且具有在恶劣条件下的长期稳定使用性能。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明制备得到的耐高温阻燃型聚氨酯材料,解决了现有聚氨酯材料无法兼具高强度、高弹性、高硬度及阻燃和耐高温等综合性能的技术问题,进而满足了滚轮外圈在恶劣条件下的长期使用要求。
具体实施方式
以下描述用于揭露本发明以使本领域技术人员能够实现本发明。以下描述中的优选实施例只作为举例,本领域技术人员可以想到其他显而易见的变型。
实施例1
本实施例的用于滚轮外圈的耐高温阻燃型聚氨酯材料的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1:将端氨基聚氨酯(6mmol)和2,4,6-三氯均三嗪(12mmol)加入到100mL溶剂(K2CO3的THF溶剂,K2CO3的质量浓度为30%)中,在5℃低温条件下反应12h,然后加入3,3'-二羟基-4,4'-联苯二胺(所述3,3'-二羟基-4,4'-联苯二胺和2,4,6-三氯均三嗪的摩尔比为2:1),升温至80℃后回流反应24h,得到以聚氨酯为核,扩展接枝有三嗪环和二羟基联苯胺的中间产物;
S2:将步骤S1得到的中间产物(3mmol)与二胺基三嗪衍生物(30mmol)加入到100mL溶剂(K2CO3的THF溶剂,K2CO3的质量浓度为30%)中进行反应,得到以聚氨酯为核,扩展接枝有三嗪环和二羟基联苯胺的树状大分子化合物;
S3:将步骤S2得到的树状大分子化合物、二元醇、二月桂酸二丁基锡和丙酮搅拌混合均匀,得到组分A混合物;所述树状大分子化合物、二元醇、二月桂酸二丁基锡和戊烷的质量比为30:70:0.5:2;
S4:将甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)和无机填料搅拌混合均匀,得到组分B混合物;所述甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)和无机填料的质量比为40:1;
S5:将步骤S3得到的组分A混合物和步骤S4得到的组分B混合物按质量比2:3搅拌均匀后浇入到模具中,在温度90℃,压力35MPa的高压高温条件成型20min后脱模,得到所述用于滚轮外圈的耐高温阻燃型聚氨酯材料。
本申请预先制备的端氨基聚氨酯,其平均分子量为1836,具体制备方法参考中国发明专利CN201110382645.2中的具体实施例1。
所述二胺基三嗪衍生物由摩尔比为2:1的3,3'-二羟基-4,4'-联苯二胺和2,4,6-三氯均三嗪反应得到。
所述二元醇由摩尔比为1:4的6-甲氧基-2,4-环硼氧烷二醇和乙二醇组成。
所述无机填料由质量比为3:2:5的氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁和碳黑组成。
实施例2
本实施例的用于滚轮外圈的耐高温阻燃型聚氨酯材料的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1:将端氨基聚氨酯(6mmol)和2,4,6-三氯均三嗪(12mmol)加入到100mL溶剂(K2CO3的THF溶剂,K2CO3的质量浓度为30%)中,在5℃低温条件下反应12h,然后加入3,3'-二羟基-4,4'-联苯二胺(所述3,3'-二羟基-4,4'-联苯二胺和2,4,6-三氯均三嗪的摩尔比为2:1),升温至80℃后回流反应24h,得到以聚氨酯为核,扩展接枝有三嗪环和二羟基联苯胺的中间产物;
S2:将步骤S1得到的中间产物(3mmol)与二胺基三嗪衍生物(30mmol)加入到100mL溶剂(K2CO3的THF溶剂,K2CO3的质量浓度为30%)中进行反应,得到以聚氨酯为核,扩展接枝有三嗪环和二羟基联苯胺的树状大分子化合物;
S3:将步骤S2得到的树状大分子化合物、二元醇、三氧化二锑和丙酮搅拌混合均匀,得到组分A混合物;所述树状大分子化合物、二元醇、三氧化二锑和丙酮的质量比为35:65:1:3.5;
S4:将六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)和无机填料搅拌混合均匀,得到组分B混合物;所述六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)和无机填料的质量比为45:1;
S5:将步骤S3得到的组分A混合物和步骤S4得到的组分B混合物按质量比2:3搅拌均匀后浇入到模具中,在温度105℃,压力30MPa的高压高温条件成型20min后脱模,得到所述用于滚轮外圈的耐高温阻燃型聚氨酯材料。
所述端氨基聚氨酯和二胺基三嗪衍生物同实施例1。
所述二元醇由摩尔比为1:5的6-甲氧基-2,4-环硼氧烷二醇和乙二醇组成。
所述无机填料由质量比为3:2:5的氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁和碳化硅组成。
实施例3
本实施例的用于滚轮外圈的耐高温阻燃型聚氨酯材料的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1:将端氨基聚氨酯(6mmol)和2,4,6-三氯均三嗪(12mmol)加入到100mL溶剂(K2CO3的THF溶剂,K2CO3的质量浓度为30%)中,在5℃低温条件下反应12h,然后加入3,3'-二羟基-4,4'-联苯二胺(所述3,3'-二羟基-4,4'-联苯二胺和2,4,6-三氯均三嗪的摩尔比为2:1),升温至80℃后回流反应24h,得到以聚氨酯为核,扩展接枝有三嗪环和二羟基联苯胺的中间产物;
S2:将步骤S1得到的中间产物(3mmol)与二胺基三嗪衍生物(30mmol)加入到100mL溶剂(K2CO3的THF溶剂,K2CO3的质量浓度为30%)中进行反应,得到以聚氨酯为核,扩展接枝有三嗪环和二羟基联苯胺的树状大分子化合物;
S3:将步骤S2得到的树状大分子化合物、二元醇、异辛酸铋和丙酮搅拌混合均匀,得到组分A混合物;所述树状大分子化合物、二元醇、异辛酸铋和丙酮的质量比为40:60:1.5:5;
S4:将二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和无机填料搅拌混合均匀,得到组分B混合物;所述二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和无机填料的质量比为50:1;
S5:将步骤S3得到的组分A混合物和步骤S4得到的组分B混合物按质量比2:3搅拌均匀后浇入到模具中,在温度110℃,压力25MPa的高压高温条件成型20min后脱模,得到所述用于滚轮外圈的耐高温阻燃型聚氨酯材料。
所述端氨基聚氨酯和二胺基三嗪衍生物同实施例1。
所述二元醇由摩尔比为1:6的6-甲氧基-2,4-环硼氧烷二醇和乙二醇组成。
所述无机填料由质量比为3:2:5的氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁和二氧化硅组成。
对比例1
本对比例聚氨酯材料的制备方法,其原料组成及其制备方法基本与实施例1相似,其主要不同之处在于,本对比例制备方法不包括步骤S2。
将实施例1~3和对比例1制备得到的聚氨酯材料进行性能测试,其性能结果如表1所示:
其中,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率按GB/T528进行测试;氧指数按GB10707进行测试。耐老化性能测试,将样品在121±2℃的热空气条件下进行老化168h,测试其拉伸强度保持率和断裂伸长率保持率。
表1
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 对比例1 | |
拉伸强度,MPa | 21.2 | 21.5 | 20.8 | 17.4 |
断裂伸长率,% | 294 | 297 | 295 | 281 |
邵氏硬度,A | 87 | 88 | 87 | 85 |
氧指数 | 44 | 43 | 45 | 32 |
热变形率,%(150℃) | 26 | 27 | 28 | 37 |
拉伸强度保持率,% | 95.1 | 96.2 | 95.7 | 90.2 |
断裂伸长率保持率,% | 93.1 | 93.2 | 92.7 | 89.3 |
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明的范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于滚轮外圈的耐高温阻燃型聚氨酯材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1:将端氨基聚氨酯和2,4,6-三氯均三嗪加入到溶剂中,在低温条件下反应,然后加入3,3'-二羟基-4,4'-联苯二胺,升温后继续反应,得到以聚氨酯为核,扩展接枝有三嗪环和二羟基联苯胺的中间产物;
S2:将步骤S1得到的中间产物与二胺基三嗪衍生物加入到溶剂中进行反应,得到以聚氨酯为核,扩展接枝有三嗪环和二羟基联苯胺的树状大分子化合物;所述二胺基三嗪衍生物由摩尔比为2:1的3,3'-二羟基-4,4'-联苯二胺和2,4,6-三氯均三嗪反应得到;
S3:将步骤S2得到的树状大分子化合物、二元醇、催化剂和发泡剂搅拌混合均匀,得到组分A混合物;
S4:将二异氰酸酯和无机填料搅拌混合均匀,得到组分B混合物;
S5:将步骤S3得到的组分A混合物和步骤S4得到的组分B混合物搅拌均匀后浇入到模具中,在高压高温的条件下成型10~30min后脱模,得到所述用于滚轮外圈的耐高温阻燃型聚氨酯材料。
2.如权利要求1所述用于滚轮外圈的耐高温阻燃型聚氨酯材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述端氨基聚氨酯的平均分子量为1000~5000。
3.如权利要求1所述用于滚轮外圈的耐高温阻燃型聚氨酯材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述二元醇为6-甲氧基-2,4-环硼氧烷二醇和乙二醇的混合物。
4.如权利要求1所述用于滚轮外圈的耐高温阻燃型聚氨酯材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡、三氧化二锑、异辛酸铋中的至少一种。
5.如权利要求1所述用于滚轮外圈的耐高温阻燃型聚氨酯材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述二异氰酸酯是甲苯二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯或二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯中的至少一种。
6.如权利要求1所述用于滚轮外圈的耐高温阻燃型聚氨酯材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述无机填料为氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、碳黑、碳化硅、二氧化硅中的至少一种。
7.如权利要求1所述用于滚轮外圈的耐高温阻燃型聚氨酯材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述高压高温的成型条件为温度90~110℃,压力25~35MPa。
8.一种用于滚轮外圈的耐高温阻燃型聚氨酯材料,其特征在于,所述聚氨酯材料采用如权利要求1~7任一项所述的制备方法制备得到。
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