CN117647645B - Lbp、atf6、m-csfr联用在制备诊断自身免疫性肝病产品中的应用及试剂盒 - Google Patents
Lbp、atf6、m-csfr联用在制备诊断自身免疫性肝病产品中的应用及试剂盒 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于医学检测技术领域,公开了LBP、ATF6、M‑CSFR的联用在制备诊断自身免疫性肝病的产品中的应用及试剂盒,通过LBP、ATF6、M‑CSFR三种蛋白联合作为生物标志物,可以辅助实现两种自身免疫性肝病AIH和PBC的诊断,提供的试剂盒,可实现自身免疫性肝病的早期诊断、疾病发展及预后监测,且无需进行影像学检查或穿刺活检。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医学检测技术领域,具体涉及LBP、ATF6、M-CSFR联用在制备诊断自身免疫性肝病产品中的应用及试剂盒。
背景技术
自身免疫性肝病是一组以异常自身免疫反应为基础的慢性肝、胆疾病综合征,主要包括自身免疫性肝炎(autoimmune hepatitis,AIH)、原发性胆汁性肝硬化(primarybiliary ciosis,PBC)和原发性硬化性胆管炎(primary sclemsing cholantis,PSC)。
自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)是一种以自身免疫反应为基础,以高球蛋白血症、循环自身抗体和组织学上界面性肝炎及汇管区浆细胞浸润为特征的肝脏慢性炎性病变。自身免疫性肝炎可以发生在不同年龄,遗传因素是疾病发生发展以及决定治疗反应的关键。临床主要表现为慢性肝炎,个别病例表现为急性肝炎,甚至为暴发型肝炎,但较少出现胆汁淤积。原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)是一种免疫介导的病因不明的慢性炎症性胆汁淤积性肝病,以出现肝内胆管的淋巴细胞浸润和胆汁淤积为特点,血清中出现高滴度的抗线粒体抗体(AMA)及核点型抗。抗线粒体抗体阳性,免疫球蛋白尤其是IgM增高,可同时伴有ANA和/或SMA阳性。
目前,对于两种疾病的鉴别诊断主要包括临床症状、体征,实验室检查及肝脏病理等,同时需要排除与其相似的肝脏疾病如遗传代谢性疾病,病毒性肝炎,酒精及药物性肝病等。
已知的,诊断肝损伤的实验室指标主要包括肝脏酶学如ALT、AST、GGT、ALP等,以及γ球蛋白,免疫球蛋白IgG和IgM。自身抗体的存在是AIH诊断的必要条件,自身抗体包括抗核抗体(ANA),抗平滑肌抗体(SMA)和抗肝肾微粒体抗体I型(anti-LKM1),以及抗可溶性肝/胰抗原抗体(anti-SLA/LP),抗肝特异性细胞质I型抗原抗体(anti-LC-1),肌动蛋白抗体(anti-actin),以及核周抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体 (pANCA)等。
肝组织穿刺活检是确诊肝硬化的金标准,它能够了解肝脏的实质损伤性质与损伤程度,对疾病位置进行分析,判断鉴别AIH和PBC,并排除其他病因。AIH的诊断实验室检查肝脏病理检查的主要特征是界面性肝炎和汇管区浆细浸润,但并非AIH特异,其阴性表现亦不能排出AIH诊断。PBC肝活检病理检查表现为非化脓性、破坏性小胆管炎,可出现局灶性汇管区淋巴细胞聚集,胆管型纤维化,汇管区周围胆汁淤积,肉芽肿,和肝硬化。但是,穿刺活检的方法为侵入性有创诊断方法,穿刺过程中有损伤肝包膜发生大出血的风险,需要在穿刺前排除各种禁忌症,出血倾向(血友病、海绵状肝血管病、凝血时间延长、血小板明显减少)、严重贫血、高血压、穿刺局部或相邻的器官有感染等患者不宜进行肝脏穿刺,穿刺后也需做好预防出血措施并定时监测血压、血红蛋白变化和腹腔B超,避免发生其他并发症,并且其结果易受穿刺部位、样本大小和观察者本身的影响,存在误诊率,具有一定的限制性,不适合疾病初筛和进展期间反复检测。
现有技术中,公开号为CN112646880A的发明专利公开了采用USP4作为诊断自身免疫性肝病的标志物,应用于制备诊断自身免疫性肝病或预测自身免疫性肝病的荧光定量检测试剂盒,通过检测外周血单核细胞中USP4的表达水平,即可实现自身免疫性肝病的无创检测,但该专利仅公开了AIH患者与健康受试者,AIH小鼠模型与正常小鼠的USP4表达量的对照数据,至于USP4作为标志物是否能够有用于PBC的诊断,还有待后续研究。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供LBP、ATF6、M-CSFR联用在制备诊断自身免疫性肝病产品中的应用及试剂盒,通过LBP、ATF6、M-CSFR三种蛋白联合作为生物标志物,可以辅助实现两种自身免疫性肝病AIH和PBC的诊断。为此,本发明还提供了一种试剂盒,可实现自身免疫性肝病的早期诊断、疾病发展及预后监测,且无需进行影像学检查或穿刺活检。
本发明通过下述技术方案实现:LBP、ATF6、M-CSFR联用在制备诊断自身免疫性肝病产品中的应用,针对受试者的血清样本,检测其LBP、ATF6、M-CSFR的蛋白表达水平。
所述检测的方法包括ELISA法。
所述产品包括试剂盒、试纸或其他医学上可以实现的产品。
一种试剂盒,包括用于检测受试者血清样本中的LBP、ATF6、M-CSFR的蛋白表达水平的检测试剂。
所述的试剂盒为ELISA试剂盒。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下优点及有益效果:
(1)本发明首次将LBP、ATF6、M-CSFR三种蛋白联用作为生物标志物,可在自身免疫性肝病的诊断过程中,实现两种自身免疫性肝病(AIH和PBC)的鉴别诊断、疾病发展及预后监测。
(2)本发明通过检测获得三种蛋白LBP、ATF6、M-CSFR的蛋白表达水平,可实现AIH和PBC的疾病鉴别诊断和监测,具有高灵敏度和高特异性的优点,以及重要的科学研究和临床应用价值。
(3)本发明利用检测生物标志物的检测试剂可以制成用于诊断AIH和PBC的诊断产品,如试剂盒等,可用于预测受试者患自身免疫性肝病的风险,并鉴别患者的自身免疫性肝病的分型。
(4)本发明提供的生物标志物在检测其蛋白表达水平时,仅使用血清即可对自身免疫性肝病进行锚定和诊断,采集数量少,针对性更强,检测更加高效。
(5)本发明通过提供的生物标志物的蛋白表达水平作为鉴别诊断自身免疫性肝病的依据,无需进行影像学检查或穿刺活检,即可对自身免疫性肝病进行诊断或监控,患者痛苦小,检测效率高。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中LBP、ATF6、M-CSFR三种蛋白在HC、AIH、PBC和HBV四组标本中的表达差异;
图2为本发明实施例中LBP、ATF6、M-CSFR三种蛋白分别在HC、AIH、PBC和HBV四组标本中的独立诊断效能对比;
图3为本发明实施例中LBP、ATF6、M-CSFR三种蛋白在HC、AIH、PBC和HBV四组标本中的联合诊断效能对比。
具体实施方式
下面将本发明的发明目的、技术方案和有益效果作进一步详细的说明。
应该指出,以下详细说明都是示例性的,旨在对所要求的本发明提供进一步的说明,除非另有说明,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
本发明通过三种蛋白LBP、ATF6、M-CSFR的联用来制备诊断自身免疫性肝病的产品,将LBP、ATF6、M-CSFR作为血清生物标志物,实现对自身免疫性肝病的筛查和疾病的鉴别诊断,可用于两种自身免疫性肝病AIH及PBC的鉴别诊断,并具有高灵敏度和高特异性的优点。
具体而言,通过采集受试者的血清样本,通过ELISA法(酶联免疫吸附实验)检测血清样本中LBP、ATF6、M-CSFR的蛋白表达水平,即可实现两种自身免疫性肝病AIH及PBC的鉴别诊断。在一个具体的实施例中,可以制备检测受试者血清样本中的LBP、ATF6、M-CSFR的蛋白表达水平的检测试剂,再辅以其他可能需要的洗涤液或缓冲试剂等,形成商品化试剂盒,例如ELISA试剂盒等。
需要说明的是,本发明中,LBP是指脂多糖结合蛋白,其氨基酸序列参见序列表中SEQ ID NO:1所示,ATF6是指转录激活因子6,其氨基酸序列参见序列表中SEQ ID NO:2所示,M-CSFR是指巨噬细胞集落刺激因子受体,其氨基酸序列参见序列表中SEQ ID NO:3所示。
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步地详细说明,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例:
本实施例涉及对受试者血清样本进行生物标志物的检测过程,以及对受试者自身免疫性疾病鉴别诊断的验证。
实验对象:收集解放军总医院第一医学中心AIH患者、PBC患者、健康人血清和乙肝肝硬化患者共140例。35例AIH患者血清作为AIH疾病组,35例PBC患者血清作为PBC疾病组,45例乙肝肝硬化患者血清作为疾病对照组,25例健康人血清作为正常对照组。AIH和PBC诊断标准基于肝脏影像学、病理检查和实验室检测。纳入的乙肝肝硬化患者影像学提示无脂肪肝,无自身免疫性疾病。纳入的健康受试者(Healthy controls,HC)血尿便常规、血尿生化指标、肝胆脾影像结果正常,且无自身免疫性疾病。本研究排除任何合并有急性炎症、代谢性疾病、癌症、心血管疾病、病毒性肝炎、药物性肝病、酒精性肝病以及接触疫水史的受试者。
实验分组:在所有入组受试者中,选取具有相同人群特征的10例AIH患者、10例PBC患者和20例乙肝肝硬化血清样本作为发现队列。剩余100例受试者血清样本作为验证队列,其中包括25例AIH(自身免疫性肝炎)、25例PBC(原发性胆汁性肝硬化)、25例HBV(乙肝肝硬化)和25例HC(健康对照)。
实验样本:入组受试者血清样本。
实验目的:探索可鉴别诊断自身免疫性疾病相关的生物标志物。
实验方法:LC-MS/MS技术依托Thermo Scientific™ Q Exactive™组合型四极杆-Orbitrap 质谱仪进行,原始数据在Proteome Discoverer 2.2软件中和UniProt人源数据库进行比对后进行蛋白质组学分析,关键蛋白LBP、ATF6、M-CSFR在验证队列受试者中通过酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)进行定量验证,ELISA试剂盒为商品化试剂盒。
实验一:
(1)使用(公司)生产含促凝剂生化管采集自身免疫性肝病患者入院后治疗前一天清晨空腹静脉全血和门诊自身免疫性肝病患者就诊当天空腹静脉全血,24℃,5000rpm/min离心10min,获得血清,分装后置于-80℃冰箱中保存备用。
(2)将保存在-80℃的40例发现队列受试者血清样本取出解冻,取5µL加入65µL的金标水,变性冷却后加入NH4HCO3调节样本pH值。
(3)10mmol/L DTT破坏二硫键,加入9µL 500mmol/L IAA还原烷基化防止二硫键再闭合。
(4)取新的EP管,在烷基化后的标本中加入NH4HCO3和胰酶(蛋白∶酶=50∶1),37℃孵育过夜。酶切后样本用甲酸终止反应,离心分离杂质,取上清进行脱盐。
(5)脱盐后的样本热干后用30µL 0.1%甲酸重溶,14000g离心10min分离杂质,取8.8µL加入进样瓶。
(6)色谱分离采用Thermo Scientific的UltiMate 3000高效液相色谱,质谱仪采用Thermo Q-Executive。吸取已制备好的肽段350ng用自行填充的C18柱进行分离,梯度洗脱时长为120min,液相所使用的流动相的A相为0.1%甲酸,B相为80%乙腈和0.1%甲酸水溶液。质谱以数据依赖模式(data-dependent acquisition,DDA)进行数据采集。
(7)质谱获得的raw数据文件导入Proteome Discoverer 2.2软件进行搜库,人源数据库于2020年在Uniprot网站下载。提取各样本离子对峰面积后,导出为Excel格式,用Perseus软件进行分组处理,步骤包括缺失值替换、对数转换、数据归一化,经正态性检验,最终的两组样本数据进行t检验和Z-score标准化,将P值(P<0.05)和差异倍数(Foldchange,FC>1.5或<0.67)作为差异表达蛋白筛选标准。经软件分析筛选后对预处理蛋白进行主成分分析(Principal components analysis,PCA)、热图、火山图的制作。并利用基因本体数据库(Gene ontology,GO)和京都基因和基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia ofGenes and Genomes,KEGG)数据库对差异蛋白进行通路富集。
实验二:
LBP、ATF6、M-CSFR蛋白根据ELISA商品化试剂盒使用说明进行患者血清浓度测定,具体检测步骤如下:
(1)将试剂移至室温平衡30min以上。
(2)每个样本设两个复孔,每孔分别加入标准品或待测样本覆上板贴37℃温育2h。
(3)弃去孔内液体,加生物素标记抗体工作液覆上一层新的板贴37℃温箱孵育1h。结束后洗板3次。
(4)每孔加入辣根过氧化物酶标记亲和素工作液,37℃温箱孵育1h。
(5)弃去亲和素工作液,洗板5次。
(6)每孔加底物溶液90µL,37℃避光显色15分钟,加入终止液中止反应,在450nm波长处测量各孔的光密度(OD值)。
实验结果:
根据统计学方法,采用SPSS 26.0和GraphPad Prism 9.4.0软件对入组受试者血清定量数据进行统计分析以及结果呈现。
Shapiro-Wilk用于数据分布正态性检验,采用t检验对正态分布的两组间数据进行比较,多因素方差分析(analysis of variance,ANOVA)对正态分布的多组间数据进行比较。采用Mann-Whitney U检验对非正态分布的两组间数据进行比较,采用Kruskal-WallisH检验对非正态分布的多组间数据进行比较。
受试工作特征曲线(Receiver operating characteristic,ROC)反映了灵敏度与特异度间的平衡,ROC曲线下面积(the area under the receiver operatingcharacteristic curve, AUROC)是重要的试验准确度指标,AUC越大,试验的诊断价值越高。约登指数(Youden Index)也叫正确诊断指数,其取值范围在(0-1)之间,越接近于1代表准确性越好。本申请中将诊断标准定在正确诊断指数最大处,用于计算评估潜在生物标记物诊断效能的AUROC、灵敏度和特异度。统计结果P<0.05认为差异有统计学意义。
实验结论:
本发明首先通过基于LC-MS/MS质谱技术对发现队列患者进行的蛋白质组学分析,发现自身免疫性肝病患者和乙肝肝硬化患者,LBP、ATF6、M-CSFR三种蛋白表达量均有差异。而后使用商品化ELISA试剂盒定量验证LBP、ATF6、M-CSFR三种蛋白在验证队列受试者血清中含量变化,经数据正态性检验和ANOVA分析,证明LBP,ATF6,M-CSFR的蛋白表达量,在AIH患者和PBC患者血清LBP、ATF6、M-CSFR表达量相对健康对照组上调,AIH患者和PBC患者血清三种蛋白相对疾病对照组同样表达上调,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。具体参见图1。
为了评估三种蛋白对AIH和PBC的疾病鉴别诊断和监测疾病进展的能力,本发明基于定量验证结果绘制ROC曲线,对其进行独立诊断性能评估,具体参见图2。
图2所示结果显示:LBP、ATF6、M-CSFR可以有效鉴定健康受试者和自身免疫性肝病(AUROC=0.922),同时可以区分AIH和PBC(AUROC=0.858)。
进一步的,与临床无创指标相比,三种蛋白联合诊断在鉴定健康受试者和自身免疫性肝病时具有较好的诊断效能,可见,LBP、ATF6、M-CSFR三种蛋白在区分AIH和PBC时诊断效能和特异度均具有较好的意义,具体参见下表1和图3。
表1
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例,并非对本发明做任何形式上的限制,凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化,均落入本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.LBP、ATF6和M-CSFR联用在制备诊断自身免疫性肝病产品中的应用,其特征在于:针对受试者的血清样本,检测其LBP、ATF6和M-CSFR的蛋白表达水平,所述LBP的氨基酸序列如序列表中SEQ ID NO:1所示,所述ATF6的氨基酸序列如序列表中SEQ ID NO:2所示,所述M-CSFR的氨基酸序列如序列表中SEQ ID NO:3所示;所述自身免疫性肝病为AIH和PBC。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:所述检测的方法包括ELISA法。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:所述产品包括试剂盒和试纸。
4.一种用于诊断自身免疫性肝病的试剂盒,其特征在于:所述自身免疫性肝病为AIH和PBC,所述试剂盒包括用于检测受试者血清样本中的LBP、ATF6和M-CSFR的蛋白表达水平的检测试剂,所述LBP的氨基酸序列如序列表中SEQ ID NO:1所示,所述ATF6的氨基酸序列如序列表中SEQ ID NO:2所示,所述M-CSFR的氨基酸序列如序列表中SEQ ID NO:3所示。
5.根据权利要求4所述的试剂盒,其特征在于:所述的试剂盒为ELISA试剂盒。
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