CN117550909A - 一种高密高纯碳陶坩埚及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高密高纯碳陶坩埚及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高密高纯碳陶坩埚及其制备方法,该方法是将碳纤维坩埚预制体采用气相沉积碳,得到碳碳复合坩埚;再将碳碳复合坩埚依次进行增密碳处理、有机凝胶浸渍后裂解、纯化除杂、涂碳化硅层处理和陶瓷化处理,即得。本发明的方法具有操作简便的特点,显著提高了碳陶坩埚的生产效率。通过该方法制备的碳陶坩埚密度高、纯度高,机械性能优异,耐腐蚀性能强,使用寿命长。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高密高纯碳陶坩埚及其制备方法,属于单晶硅拉制炉用热场部件技术领域。
背景技术
在单晶生产过程中,装载多晶硅原料的坩埚是单晶炉的关键部件。坩埚通常要求具有材料纯度高、热震稳定性好、电性能好、耐化学侵蚀性好等特点,同时需要确保在1500℃以上的高温下连续工作15天以上。目前采用的坩埚使主要为石英坩埚,然而在单晶硅生产过程中,熔融液硅将与石英坩埚反应形成SiO气体,生成SiO气体将腐蚀炉内的碳元件,降低相关配件的使用寿命。石英坩埚在使用过程易发生晶化,晶化后将导致坩埚开裂失效,无法满足长时间连续生产使用要求。而现有的碳陶复合材料存在孔隙率高、纯度低等问题,也无法满足单晶炉长时间连续使用的要求。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的缺陷,本发明的第一个目的是提供一种高密高纯碳陶坩埚,该材料具有密度高(2.16~2.33g/cm3)、纯度高(灰分含量低于100ppm)、结构尺寸稳定、热膨胀系数小、高温不变形、热震稳定性好、电性能好、耐化学侵蚀等优点,同时该材料的使用寿命长,可以满足单晶晶炉连续生产使用要求。
本发明的第二个目的是在于提供一种高密高纯碳陶坩埚的制备方法,该方法操作简便,能显著提高碳陶坩埚的生产效率,具有工业化生产的潜力。
为了实现上述技术目的,本发明提供了一种高密高纯碳陶坩埚的制备方法,该方法是将碳纤维坩埚预制体采用气相沉积碳,得到碳碳复合坩埚;再将碳碳复合坩埚依次进行增密碳处理、有机凝胶浸渍后裂解、纯化除杂、涂硅层处理和陶瓷化处理,即得。
本发明的关键在于,先通过控制碳纤维坩埚预制体的密度来初步控制碳碳坩埚的孔隙率,预制体状态直接影响材料的后续基体的致密过程以及复合材料的力学性能。再经过增密碳处理,进一步提高碳碳复合坩埚的密度,使坩埚整体密度达到设计要求,提高碳陶坩埚的机械性能和防腐蚀性能,也可缩短后续凝胶浸渍裂解的时间;增密碳处理后,再将碳碳复合坩埚进行有机凝胶浸渍,可修复坩埚中细小的裂痕和孔隙,提高其使用寿命,最后通过涂硅层处理和陶瓷化处理,在坩埚表层形成碳化硅层,碳化硅层对坩埚可进一步提高坩埚的密度,同时,用坩埚生产单晶硅时,能够更有效的防止漏硅,再加上碳化硅层与碳碳复合坩埚相容性好,且成分一致,保证了最终碳陶坩埚的纯度,有利于提高碳陶坩埚的机械性能。从而得到密度高、纯度高、结构尺寸稳定、热膨胀系数小、高温不变形、热震稳定性好且使用寿命长的高密高纯碳陶坩埚。
作为一个优选的方案,所述碳纤维坩埚预制体的密度为0.3~0.9g/cm3。本发明首先通过控制碳纤维坩埚预制体的密度,可使后续工艺正常进行,得到综合性能优异的碳陶复合坩埚。若碳纤维坩埚预制体的密度太低,则孔隙率高,进而在后续增密工艺后,碳陶复合坩埚中碳化硅和硅含量较高,体积膨胀较大存在较多细小裂纹,导致材料受力时易沿裂纹扩展,因此力学性能较差,硅残留量较大,则会增加纤维被硅蚀的风险,最终造成碳陶复合坩埚综合性能下降;若碳纤维坩埚预制体的密度高,则浸渍裂解时浸渍溶液难以均匀渗透至碳纤维坩埚预制体内,与基体中裂解碳反应生成的碳化硅少,产生的体积膨胀难以堵住孔隙,同时导致裂解碳的残留,最终不能得到综合性能优异的碳陶复合坩埚。进一步优选碳纤维坩埚预制体密度为0.4~0.6g/cm3,对后续工艺改善最优。优选的碳纤维坩埚预制体由多层碳纤维织物和多层网胎层交替叠加并针刺复合或编制而成。
作为一个优选的方案,所述增密碳处理为气相沉积、树脂裂解处理和沥青裂解处理中的一种。通过增密碳处理可以进一步提高碳碳复合坩埚的密度,同时提高碳陶坩埚的机械性能和防腐蚀性能,并缩短后续凝胶浸渍裂解的时间。经过增密碳处理以后碳碳复合坩埚的密度控制在1.3~1.9g/cm3。
作为一个优选的方案,所述气相沉积的碳源气体为天然气、甲烷和丙烯中的至少一种;所述气相沉积的载流气体为氩气、氮气和氢气中的至少一种。
作为一个优选的方案,所述碳源气体和载流气体的体积比为1.5~3:1。通过控制碳源气体和载流气体的体积比,可使气相沉积时的热解碳能均匀的沉积在碳纤维织物周围和孔隙中,从而让材料实现均匀的致密化。
作为一个优选的方案,所述气相沉积碳的条件为:时间为200~350h,温度为900~1100℃。若气相沉积的时间过短或温度过低,则热解气不能有效沉积到碳纤维坩埚预制体周围或孔隙中,增密效果不能得到保障,进而影响最终性能;若气相沉积的时间过长或温度过高,则气相沉积后的碳碳复合材料密度太高,影响后续工艺进行,同时时间过长影响生产周期。
作为一个优选的方案,所述碳碳复合坩埚的密度为1.0~1.4g/cm3。若碳碳复合坩埚密度过高,会影响后续涂硅层处理工艺,导致硅渗进碳碳复合材料坩埚比较困难;而碳碳复合材料密度过低,硅很容易腐蚀碳纤维严重影响力学性能。
作为一个优选的方案,所述有机凝胶浸渍后裂解的过程为:先将碳碳坩埚置于树脂或沥青与石墨的混合物中超声浸渍,再将碳碳复合坩埚裂解。本发明通过加入石墨和树脂或沥青目的是为了进一步增密碳碳复合坩埚减少孔隙。本发明所用石墨可以为鳞片石墨或颗粒石墨粉,其中颗粒石墨粉粒度控制在1~5μm;树脂可选用酚醛树脂或环氧树脂。
作为一个优选的方案,所述有机凝胶浸渍后裂解的条件为:浸渍时间为0.5~3h;裂解温度为900~1200℃;裂解保温时间为2~10h;所述树脂或沥青与石墨的质量比为1~6:1。若浸渍时间过短则浸渍效果较差,浸渍时间过长则沉积密度较高,碳碳坩埚表面过于致密导致熔渗过程中硅很难渗透进坩埚中,而出现成品密度低,孔隙率大的情况,最终得到成品力学性能和使用寿命有一定下降。
作为一个优选的方案,所述涂硅层处理的过程为:将质量比为100:20~40的碳化硅粉与硅溶胶的涂料喷涂到纯化后的碳碳复合坩埚表面后于150~250℃进行固化。本发明通过涂硅层处理可以在坩埚表面形成高致密且与基体连通的碳化硅涂层,可以进一步提高坩埚的密度,在生产单晶硅时,能够更有效的防止漏硅。同时该材料与坩埚成分一致,未引入异物,坩埚的纯度情况得到保障,不会影响单晶硅生产。本发明中碳化硅粉和硅溶胶的比例对于碳碳复合坩埚的密度和质量有着直接影响,若硅溶胶占比过低,会使碳化硅粉在坩埚表面无法覆盖完全,从而导致坩埚容易出现漏硅的情况;而硅溶胶的比例过高时,由于其粘度过高,无法进行喷涂,从而无法进一步提高碳碳复合坩埚的密度和机械强度。
作为一个优选的方案,所述喷涂的厚度为100~800μm。
作为一个优选的方案,所述纯化除杂的条件为:纯化气氛为氯气或氟利昂,温度为2000~2800℃,时间为1~20h。本发明通过添加氯气或氟利昂可以利用高温环境下氯气或氟利昂分解的含氯自由基产物与碳碳坩埚内金属杂质(如Na、Mg、Al等)反应形成低气化温度的氯化物,在该温度下,金属的氯化物能够快速气化排出。
作为一个优选的方案,所述陶瓷化处理的条件为:温度为1500~2200℃;时间为1~5h。
本发明提供了一种高密高纯碳陶坩埚的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将碳纤维织物、网胎层交替叠加到要求层数,同时采用针刺、或编制工艺按照设计要求制备成要求尺寸和密度碳纤维坩埚预制体;
2)以天然气、甲烷或丙烯等为碳源气体采用化学气相沉积工艺增密制备碳碳复合材料,沉积过程中要同时引入载流气体如氩气、氮气、氢气等,坩埚预制体通过反复沉积进行增密;同时结合采用树脂或沥青浸渍裂解工艺,对坩埚预制体进行树脂或沥青裂解增密碳处理直到满足要求;
3)对增密后形成的碳碳复合材料坩埚进行机加加工直到满足尺寸技术要求;
4)对3)处理后的碳碳复合材料坩埚进一步以天然气、甲烷或丙烯等为碳源气体使用化学气相沉积工艺进行增密,或结合进行树脂或沥青裂解增密碳处理直到满足要求;
5)有机凝胶浸渍后裂解:称取一定量的树脂或者沥青,可选择加入鳞片石墨或颗粒石墨粉;将两种物料混合后放于搅拌器中进行搅拌均匀。将碳碳坩埚置于调配好的混合浸渍液中,超声浸渍,浸渍时间为0.5~3h,浸渍完成后将碳碳坩埚置于高温裂解炉中,惰性气体保护下,900~1200℃保温2~10h,进行高温裂解;
6)纯化除杂:将5)裂解后的碳碳坩埚在氯气或者氟利昂氛围中进行高温纯化处理,处理温度2000~2800℃,时间1~20h。7)涂硅层处理:称取一定量碳化硅粉,以及混合一定量的硅溶胶,放置于搅拌器中搅拌均匀。调配好涂层后,对反纯化后的坩埚表面进行涂硅层处理,涂层厚度100~800μm,喷涂完成后进行150~250℃固化;
7)陶瓷化处理:涂层处理完成后进行反应熔渗,参照碳陶坩埚设计要求密度,在石墨或碳碳工装内放置一定量硅粉,并将碳碳坩埚放入其中,然后将工装放入真空高温炉内,在炉中1500~2200℃真空保温时间为1~15h。
本发明还提供了一种高密高纯碳陶坩埚,由所述的制备方法得到。该材料具有密度高、纯度高、热膨胀系数小、使用寿命长,综合性能优异等特点。
与现有技术相比,本发明的技术方案带来的有益技术效果如下:
1)本发明选择碳碳坩埚沉积增密工艺,能将碳沉积更好地均匀填充碳碳坩埚孔隙,同时选择碳源浸渍液超声浸渍坩埚进一步减少碳碳孔隙,为碳陶坩埚的致密和强度提供强力保障。
2)本发明制备碳陶坩埚产品,整体高致密,机械性能优异,纯度高且耐腐蚀性能强,可大幅提高目前坩埚使用寿命。
3)本发明的制备方法可以在碳陶坩埚表面形成高致密且与基体连通的碳化硅涂层,使坩埚致密度进一步提高,生产单晶硅时,能够更有效的防止漏硅。同时该材料与坩埚成分一致,未引入异物,坩埚的纯度情况得到保障,不会影响单晶硅生产。
4)本发明提供的制备方法,操作简便,能显著提高碳陶坩埚的生产效率,具有工业化生产的潜力。
具体实施方式
以下实施例仅就本发明的优选实施方案进行具体描述,并非对本发明的实施范围进行限定,对于技术领域的普通技术人员,在不脱离本发明的前提下,所作出的改进应当视为本发明的保护范围内。
除有特别说明,本发明中用到的各种试剂、原料均为可以从市场上购买的商品或者可以通过公知的方法制得的产品。
本发明实施例和对比例中所用酚醛树脂购自深圳市吉田化工,型号为2123。
实施例1
1)采用面密度为300g/cm2的碳纤维布和面密度为80g/cm2的网胎层交替叠加,采用针刺工艺制备碳纤维坩埚预制体密度为0.5g/cm3;
2)碳纤维坩埚预制体置于化学沉积炉中,丙烯:氢气体积比=1.7:1,沉积温度为1050℃,沉积压力为0.5kpa,沉积时间为230h,得到密度为1.3g/cm3碳碳复合坩埚。
3)将步骤2)碳碳坩埚机加至满足要求形状及尺寸后,继续置于化学沉积炉中,通入丙烯:氢气体积比=2:1,沉积温度为1050℃,沉积压力为0.5kpa,沉积时间为70h,增密得到1.4g/cm3碳碳复合坩埚。
4)调配酚醛树脂与鳞片石墨质量比为4:1的浸渍液,将步骤3得到碳碳复合坩埚放在浸渍液中超声浸渍1h。碳碳复合坩埚浸渍完后放于烘箱中180℃固化2h。浸渍完成后将碳碳复合坩埚置于高温炉中,惰性气体氛围中900℃进行高温裂解,裂解时间4h。
5)将裂解后的碳碳复合坩埚在氟利昂氛围中进行纯化除杂处理,处理温度2400℃,时间5h。
6)涂硅层:碳化硅粉与硅溶胶质量比为100:35的涂层液,对步骤5)得到的高纯碳碳复合坩埚表面进行喷涂处理,喷涂厚度为500μm,喷涂完成后在150℃烘干2h。
7)在真空条件下,置于1800℃下,装有纯度为7N的硅粉的真空炉,压力为500Pa,保温3h,进行高温熔渗陶瓷化。
实施例2
1)采用碳纤维织物、网胎层交替叠加,采用针刺工艺制备碳纤维坩埚预制体密度为0.56g/cm3;
2)碳纤维坩埚预制体置于化学沉积炉中,丙烯:氢气体积比=1.7:1,沉积温度为1050℃,沉积压力为0.5kpa,沉积时间230h,得到密度为1.2g/cm3碳碳复合材料坩埚。
3)将步骤2)碳碳坩埚机加至满足要求形状及尺寸后,继续置于化学沉积炉中,通入丙烯:氢气体积比=2:1,沉积温度为1050℃,沉积压力为0.5kpa,沉积的时间70h,增密得到1.4g/cm3碳碳复合材料坩埚。
4)调配树脂与鳞片石墨质量比为3.5:1的浸渍液,将步骤3得到碳碳复合材料坩埚放在浸渍液中超声浸渍0.5h。碳碳坩埚浸渍完后放于烘箱中180℃固化2h。浸渍完成后将碳碳坩埚置于高温炉中,惰性气体氛围中900℃进行高温裂解,裂解时间4h。
5)将裂解后的碳碳坩埚在氟利昂氛围中进行纯化除杂处理,处理温度2500℃,时间5h。
6)涂硅层:碳化硅粉与硅溶胶质量比为100:30的涂层液,对步骤5)得到的碳陶坩埚表面进行喷涂处理,喷涂厚度为200μm,喷涂完成后在150℃烘干2h。
7)在真空条件下,置于1800℃下,装有纯度为7N的硅粉的真空炉,压力为500Pa,保温3h,进行高温熔渗陶瓷化。
实施例3
1)采用碳纤维织物、网胎层交替叠加,采用针刺工艺制备碳纤维坩埚预制体密度为0.56g/cm3;
2)碳纤维坩埚预制体置于化学沉积炉中,丙烯:氢气体积比=1.7:1,沉积温度为1050℃,沉积压力为0.5kpa,沉积时间为230h,得到密度为1.4g/cm3碳碳复合材料坩埚。
3)按技术要求将步骤2)碳碳坩埚机加至满足要求形状及尺寸后,继续置于化学沉积炉中,通入丙烯:氢气体积比=2:1,沉积温度为1050℃,沉积压力为0.5kpa,沉积时间为70h,增密得到1.4g/cm3碳碳复合材料坩埚。
4)调配环氧树脂与鳞片石墨质量比为3:1的浸渍液,将步骤3得到碳碳复合材料坩埚放在浸渍液中超声浸渍1h。碳碳坩埚浸渍完后放于烘箱中200℃固化2h。浸渍完成后将碳碳坩埚置于高温炉中,惰性气体氛围中900℃进行高温裂解,裂解时间4h。
5)将裂解后的碳碳坩埚在氟利昂氛围中进行高温纯化处理,处理温度2500℃,时间5h。
6)涂硅层:碳化硅粉与硅溶胶质量比为100:30的涂层液,对步骤5)得到的碳陶坩埚表面进行喷涂处理,喷涂厚度为700μm,喷涂完成后在150℃烘干2h。
7)将固化后的碳碳坩埚,置于装有7N高纯硅粉的真空炉中1800℃,压力为500Pa,保温3h。出炉得到致密碳陶复合材料坩埚产品。
对比实施例1
该对比例与实施例1的区别仅在于,未进行有机凝胶浸渍工艺,其余条件一致。
对比实施例2
该对比例与实施例1的区别仅在于,未进行涂硅层工艺,其余条件一致。
对比实施例3
该对比例与实施例1的区别仅在于,涂硅层处理中将碳化硅粉与硅溶胶的质量比更改为100:10,其余条件一致。由于硅溶胶含量过少,喷涂料粘度过高,无法进行喷涂,工艺中断;
对比实施例4
该对比例与实施例1的区别仅在于,涂层硅处理中将碳化硅粉与硅溶胶的质量比更改为100:80,其余条件一致。溶胶胶含量较高,制备得到喷涂料粘稠度较低,喷涂涂层质量较差,工艺中断。
对比实施例5
该对比例与实施例1的区别仅在于,有机凝胶浸渍时间为5h,其余条件一致。浸渍时间过长则沉积密度过高,碳碳坩埚表面过于致密导致熔渗过程中硅很难渗透进坩埚中,而出现成品密度低,孔隙率大的情况,最终得到成品力学性能和使用寿命有一定下降。
表1实施例1~3以及对比例所制备的碳陶复合材料坩埚性能测试结果
以上实例对本发明所述选择实例,但是本发明不受以上描述的具体实施方式内容的局限,所以凡依据本发明的技术要点进行的任何改进、等同修改和替换等,均属于本发明保护的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种高密高纯碳陶坩埚的制备方法,其特征在于:将碳纤维坩埚预制体采用气相沉积碳,得到碳碳复合坩埚;再将碳碳复合坩埚依次进行增密碳处理、有机凝胶浸渍后裂解、纯化除杂、涂硅层处理和陶瓷化处理,即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高密高纯碳陶坩埚的制备方法,其特征在于:所述碳纤维坩埚预制体的密度为0.3~0.9g/cm3。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高密高纯碳陶坩埚的制备方法,其特征在于:所述增密碳处理为气相沉积、树脂裂解处理和沥青裂解处理中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高密高纯碳陶坩埚的制备方法,其特征在于:所述气相沉积碳的条件为:时间为200~350h,温度为900~1100℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高密高纯碳陶坩埚的制备方法,其特征在于:所述碳碳复合坩埚的密度为1.0~1.4g/cm3。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种高密高纯碳陶坩埚的制备方法,其特征在于:所述有机凝胶浸渍后裂解的过程为:先将碳碳坩埚置于树脂或沥青与石墨的混合物中超声浸渍,再将碳碳复合坩埚裂解。
7.根据权利要求1或6所述的一种高密高纯碳陶坩埚的制备方法,其特征在于:所述有机凝胶浸渍后裂解的条件为:浸渍时间为0.5~3h;裂解温度为900~1200℃;裂解保温时间为2~10h;
所述树脂或沥青与石墨的质量比为1~6:1。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种高密高纯碳陶坩埚的制备方法,其特征在于:所述涂硅层处理的过程为:将质量比为100:20~40的碳化硅粉与硅溶胶的涂料喷涂到纯化除杂后的碳碳复合坩埚表面后于150~250℃进行固化;
所述喷涂的厚度为100~800μm。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种高密高纯碳陶坩埚的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述纯化除杂的条件为:纯化气氛为氯气或氟利昂,温度为2000~2800℃,时间为1~20h;
所述陶瓷化处理的条件为:温度为1500~2200℃;时间为1~5h。
10.一种高密高纯碳陶坩埚,其特征在于:由权利要求1~9任一项所述的制备方法制得。
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