CN113200765B - 一种含Si3N4和BN复合涂层的碳陶复合材料坩埚及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种含Si3N4和BN复合涂层的碳陶复合材料坩埚及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种含Si3N4和BN复合涂层的碳陶复合材料坩埚及其制备方法,由碳陶坩埚基体依次沉积Si3N4涂层、BN涂层制得。本发明以碳陶坩埚为基体,先在其孔隙和表面(内表面和外表面)沉积Si3N4涂层,然后再沉积BN涂层制得,本发明仅需采用单一坩埚生产单晶硅,通过碳陶坩埚基体、Si3N4涂层和BN涂层三者的协同作用,极大的提升了坩埚的高温稳定性能和抗硅蚀能力,同时坩埚表面对硅的润湿性差,避免了生产单晶硅后的硅晶粘锅难以清理,既延长了坩埚的使用寿命,又减少了坩埚更换频次和提升了单晶硅生产效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于单晶硅拉制炉用热场工装/部件技术领域,具体涉及一种含Si3N4和BN复合涂层的碳陶复合材料坩埚及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前,在生产单晶硅中使用最多的方法是直拉法:即单晶硅炉拉制单晶硅棒,盛装多晶硅的石英坩埚安放在炭炭复合材料坩埚内。但使用该方法生产时,单晶硅炉内温度高达1500℃,盛放多晶硅的石英坩埚在该温度下将出现软化问题,往往在使用400-500小时后就需要更换,更换过程中由于石英坩埚往往与炭炭复合材料坩埚牢牢地粘在一起,取出时非常费力,大大影响了生产效率和提升了生产成本,同时由于生产石英坩埚的原材料高纯石英砂相对紧缺,在未来面对日益火热新能源市场,石英坩埚的供给也将有可能面临问题;同时拖放石英坩埚的炭炭复合材料坩埚在高温下硅蒸汽等将会与之反应,发生侵蚀,随着使用时间的延长,侵蚀加剧,也需定期更换炭炭复合材料坩埚。
因此,解决石英坩埚和炭炭坩埚所存在的问题是单晶硅生产过程中降低成本、解决坩埚需求、减少生产作业流程的关键所在。
发明内容
针对现有单晶硅生产过程中石英坩埚和炭炭坩埚使用时存在的技术问题,本发明的目的在于提供了一种取代石英坩埚和炭炭复合材料坩埚的含Si3N4和BN 复合涂层的碳陶复合材料坩埚及其制备方法,以碳陶坩埚为基体,先在其孔隙和表面(内表面和外表面)沉积Si3N4涂层,然后再沉积BN涂层制得,本发明仅需采用单一坩埚生产单晶硅,通过碳陶坩埚基体、Si3N4涂层和BN涂层三者的协同作用,极大的提升了坩埚的高温稳定性能和抗硅蚀能力,同时坩埚表面对硅的润湿性差,避免了生产单晶硅后的硅晶粘锅难以清理,既延长了坩埚的使用寿命,又减少了坩埚更换频次和提升了单晶硅生产效率。
为了实现上述技术目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种含Si3N4和BN复合涂层的碳陶复合材料坩埚,由碳陶坩埚基体依次沉积Si3N4涂层、BN涂层制得。
作为优选,所述碳陶坩埚基体密度为2.15-2.35g/cm3,开孔率为4-6%,残余硅含量不高于0.5wt%。
本发明的碳陶坩埚基体的室温抗压强度大于300MPa、抗弯强度大于 200MPa、层间间接强度大于18MPa、抗拉强度大于90MPa,同时在高温工况下,能够在工况1600℃下受载而不变形;开孔率为4-6%,为后续基体涂层的沉积提供了极强的吸附能力,使涂层由内而外生长产生连续均匀且具有一定强度的沉积涂层;而残余硅含量不高于0.5wt%,避免了硅对坩埚基体内部的破坏,包括侵蚀及微裂纹的产生。
作为优选,所述Si3N4涂层的厚度为50-100μm,BN涂层的厚度为10-40μm。
Si3N4涂层具有优异的高温热稳定性及良好的抗热震性、抗热应力等机械性能,但Si3N4涂层表面较为粗糙,且对硅有一定的润湿性,在单晶硅的生产过程中有破坏Si3N4涂层的风险;而BN涂层则生长慢,无法有效的填充碳陶坩埚基体的孔隙,对碳陶坩埚的保护不够充分,因此本发明在碳陶坩埚基体上先沉积 Si3N4涂层,能够快速有效填充碳陶坩埚基体的孔隙,由内而外形成致密均匀粗糙的Si3N4保护层和隔离层,然后再引入BN涂层,吸附于粗糙的Si3N4涂层表面,BN涂层同样具有高温热稳定性,且其表面非常光滑,对硅几乎没有润湿性,通过碳陶坩埚基体、Si3N4涂层和BN涂层三者的协同作用,极大的提升了坩埚的高温稳定性能和抗硅蚀能力,既延长了坩埚的使用寿命,又减少了坩埚更换频次和提升了单晶硅生产效率。
本发明还提供了上述含Si3N4和BN复合涂层的碳陶复合材料坩埚的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)针刺制得密度为0.56-0.60g/cm3的碳纤维坩埚预制体;
(2)惰性气氛下,将碳纤维坩埚预制体于1800-2000℃下进行热处理;
(3)在丙烯和氮气的混合气氛下,将热处理后的碳纤维坩埚预制体增密得到密度为1.40-1.55g/cm3的炭炭坩埚;
(4)将炭炭坩埚于2200-2500℃下进行热处理,得到炭炭坩埚基体;
(5)将炭炭坩埚基体置于硅粉上,于1700℃-2000℃下进行高温渗硅,得到碳陶坩埚基体;
(6)对碳陶坩埚基体进行气相沉积Si3N4涂层,得到含Si3N4涂层的碳陶坩埚基体;
(7)对含Si3N4涂层的碳陶坩埚进行气相沉积BN涂层,得到含Si3N4和BN 复合涂层的碳陶复合材料坩埚基体;
(8)将含Si3N4和BN复合涂层的碳陶复合材料坩埚基体于1200℃-1600℃下进行热处理得到含Si3N4和BN复合涂层的碳陶复合材料坩埚。
作为优选,步骤(3)中,混合气氛中的丙烯和氮气的体积比为1:1;热处理温度为975-985℃,压力为0.8-1.2KPa。
作为优选,步骤(4)中,炭炭坩埚基体的开孔率为18-24%。
作为优选,步骤(5)中,碳陶坩埚基体密度为2.15-2.35g/cm3,开孔率为4-6%,残余硅含量不高于0.5wt%。高温渗硅过程中,温度偏低时碳陶坩埚基体中残余硅含量高容易产生微裂纹,且开孔率低使得后续涂层的附着效果差;随着温度的升高,碳陶坩埚基体的开孔率增大,残留硅降低,有利于Si3N4的沉积生长,且可使Si3N4涂层由内而外形成致密的保护层和隔离层,同时残留硅含量偏低能够减小坩埚内部的应力,避免裂纹的产生;但温度持续升高后,出现纤维硅化损伤、裂纹等情况,严重影响碳陶坩埚力学性能,同时开孔率过高,孔隙过大,沉积碳化硅难以致密填充碳陶坩埚内部而出现孔隙问题;因此,本发明严格控制其高温渗硅的温度在1700℃-2000℃范围内,得到密度为2.15-2.35g/cm3、开孔率为4-6%、残余硅含量不高于0.5wt%的碳陶坩埚基体。
作为优选,步骤(6)中,N2氛围下,采用HSiCl3-NH3体系气相沉积Si3N4涂层,沉积温度为700-1000℃,沉积压力为0.5-3.0KPa,Si3N4涂层的厚度为 50-100μm,含Si3N4涂层的碳陶坩埚基体的密度为2.25-2.45g/cm3,开孔率不高于1%。
作为优选,步骤(7)中,N2氛围下,采用BCl3-NH3体系气相沉积BN涂层,沉积温度为600-1050℃,沉积压力为1.0-5.0KPa,BN涂层的厚度为10-40μm,含Si3N4和BN复合涂层的碳陶复合材料坩埚基体的密度为2.30-2.50g/cm3,开孔率不高于1%。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
(1)本发明采用含Si3N4和BN复合涂层的碳陶复合材料坩埚取代了传统石英坩埚+炭炭坩埚,去除了石英坩埚多次更换和清理步骤,大大节约了成本。
(2)本发明的含Si3N4和BN复合涂层的碳陶复合材料坩埚,涂层致密、均匀且对硅润湿性差,生产单晶硅后坩埚中残留硅晶易清理,大大提升了坩埚的寿命。
(3)本发明的含Si3N4和BN复合涂层的碳陶复合材料坩埚以碳陶坩埚为基体,承载能力强,高温下不变形,且具有极好的力学性能,能够抵抗生产单晶硅过程中的高温高载。
(4)本发明的含Si3N4和BN复合涂层的碳陶复合材料坩埚具有极好的高温稳定性能,良好的保护了坩埚不被硅蒸汽和硅液侵蚀的同时也隔绝了杂质污染单晶硅产品;同时具有良好的强度,不易脱落损坏。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例和对比例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
(1)针刺预制体:针刺制备密度为0.58±0.02g/cm3的碳纤维坩埚预制体;
(2)预制体热处理:将碳纤维坩埚预制体在2000℃氩气保护氛围下高温热处理,密度变化为0.56±0.02g/cm3;
(3)预制体增密:将密度为0.56±0.02g/cm3的碳纤维坩埚预制体在980± 5℃、炉压1±0.2KPa下通入1:1的丙烯和氮气增密至1.45g/cm3得到炭炭坩埚;
(4)炭炭热处理:将炭炭坩埚在2300℃下热处理3h,得到炭炭坩埚基体;
(5)高温渗硅:将炭炭坩埚基体置于硅粉之上,然后在1900℃、炉压低于 1000pa的要求下渗硅反应得到碳陶坩埚基体;
(6)Si3N4涂层沉积工艺:N2氛围下,在850℃、压力0.8-1.5KPa采用 HSiCl3-NH3体系(摩尔比:HSiCl3:NH3=1:3)气相沉积Si3N4涂层;
(7)BN涂层沉积工艺:N2氛围下,在800℃、压力2.0-3.0KPa采用BCl3-NH3体系(摩尔比:BCl3:NH3=1:3)气相沉积BN涂层;
(8)复合涂层坩埚热处理:将沉积出炉后的坩埚在1400℃下热处理2小时后出炉得到复合涂层坩埚成品。
本实施例中,炭炭坩埚密度为1.45g/cm3,开孔率为22.1%,抗压强度为163.64MPa、抗弯强度为183.25MPa、层间剪切强度为14.36MPa、抗拉强度为 80.32MPa、冲击韧性为57.34KJ/m2;
碳陶坩埚基体密度为2.26g/cm3,开孔率为4.68%,抗压强度为333.24MPa、抗弯强度为232.58MPa、层间剪切强度为22.45MPa、抗拉强度为105.32MPa、冲击韧性为60.34KJ/m2;经化学腐蚀失重后测得硅含量仅为0.43%,层间及表面明显无微裂纹,切割后刨面色泽孔隙均一,渗硅均匀无差异;
复合涂层坩埚成品密度为2.39g/cm3,开孔率为0.08%,力学性能对比与纯碳陶坩埚基体略有提升,层间试验中涂层未脱落,证明涂层有足够的强度;碳陶坩埚表面Si3N4涂层厚度为78μm,表面BN涂层厚度为32μm,制备所得复合涂层坩埚表面涂层致密、光滑、无缺陷;
本实施例复合涂层坩埚在拉制单晶硅棒的生产作业中共计服役285天。
实施例2
(1)针刺预制体:针刺制备密度为0.58±0.02g/cm3的碳纤维坩埚预制体;
(2)预制体热处理:将碳纤维坩埚预制体在2000℃氩气保护氛围下高温热处理,密度变化为0.56±0.02g/cm3;
(3)预制体增密:将密度为0.56±0.02g/cm3的碳纤维坩埚预制体在980±5℃、炉压1KPa下通入1:1的丙烯和氮气增密至1.44g/cm3得到炭炭坩埚;
(4)炭炭热处理:将炭炭坩埚在2300℃下热处理3h,得到炭炭坩埚基体;
(5)高温渗硅:将炭炭坩埚基体置于硅粉之上,然后在1900℃、炉压低于 1000pa的要求下渗硅反应得到碳陶坩埚基体;
(6)Si3N4涂层沉积工艺:N2氛围下,在700℃、压力1.0KPa采用HSiCl3-NH3体系(摩尔比:HSiCl3:NH3=1:3)气相沉积Si3N4涂层;
(7)BN涂层沉积工艺:N2氛围下,在800℃、压力2.5KPa采用BCl3-NH3体系(摩尔比:BCl3:NH3=1:3)气相沉积BN涂层;
(8)复合涂层坩埚热处理:将沉积出炉后的坩埚在1400℃下热处理2小时后出炉得到复合涂层坩埚成品。
本实施例中,炭炭坩埚密度为1.44g/cm3,开孔率为22.8%;
碳陶坩埚基体密度为2.24g/cm3,开孔率为4.95%;
复合涂层坩埚成品密度为2.31g/cm3,开孔率为0.95%。
本复合涂层坩埚在剪切实验中涂层发生脱落,表面结合情况一般,复合涂层坩埚对比碳陶坩埚力学无明显变化;碳陶坩埚表面Si3N4涂层厚度为60μm,表面BN涂层厚度为26μm;
本实施例复合涂层坩埚在拉制单晶硅棒的生产作业中共计服役183天因涂层质量而报废;这是由于Si3N4沉积温度偏低,涂层与坩埚结合力下降,同时温度低,沉积速率过低,涂层厚度减少;因沉积涂层问题使得复合涂层坩埚开孔率偏高,涂层对碳陶坩埚基体的保护能力下降,导致硅液和硅蒸汽侵蚀碳陶坩埚,故而大大影响了使用寿命。
实施例3
(1)针刺预制体:针刺制备密度为0.58±0.02g/cm3的碳纤维坩埚预制体;
(2)预制体热处理:将碳纤维坩埚预制体在2000℃氩气保护氛围下高温热处理,密度变化为0.56±0.02g/cm3;
(3)预制体增密:将密度为0.56±0.02g/cm3的碳纤维坩埚预制体在980± 5℃、炉压1KPa下通入1:1的丙烯和氮气增密至1.46g/cm3得到炭炭坩埚;
(4)炭炭热处理:将炭炭坩埚在2300℃下热处理3h,得到炭炭坩埚基体;
(5)高温渗硅:将炭炭坩埚基体置于硅粉之上,然后在1900℃、炉压低于 1000pa的要求下渗硅反应得到碳陶坩埚基体;
(6)Si3N4涂层沉积工艺:N2氛围下,在1000℃、压力1.0KPa采用 HSiCl3-NH3体系(摩尔比:HSiCl3:NH3=1:3)气相沉积Si3N4涂层;
(7)BN涂层沉积工艺:N2氛围下,在800℃、压力2.5KPa采用BCl3-NH3体系(摩尔比:BCl3:NH3=1:3)气相沉积BN涂层;
(8)复合涂层坩埚热处理:将沉积出炉后的坩埚在1400℃下热处理2小时后出炉得到复合涂层坩埚成品。
本实施例中,炭炭坩埚密度为1.46g/cm3,开孔率为21.7%;
碳陶坩埚基体密度为2.27g/cm3,开孔率为4.40%;
复合涂层坩埚密度为2.39g/cm3,开孔率为0.25%;
本复合涂层坩埚在剪切实验中涂层发生脱落,表面结合情况一般,复合涂层坩埚对比碳陶坩埚力学无明显变化;碳陶坩埚表面Si3N4涂层厚度为86μm,表面BN涂层厚度为33μm;实验中BN涂层厚度有所增加是因为Si3N4沉积温度过高,制得Si3N4涂层表面较为粗糙,故有利于BN涂层的沉积;
本实施例复合涂层坩埚在拉制单晶硅棒的生产作业中共计服役165天因涂层质量而报废;这是由于Si3N4沉积温度偏高,虽然涂层厚度足够但碳陶基体内部孔洞未被完全填充,Si3N4仅仅附着在表面,在使用过程中由于承载导致涂层脱落形成孔洞,故大大降低了坩埚使用寿命,严重时可能会腐蚀坩埚内部,甚至污染产品。
实施例4
(1)针刺预制体:针刺制备密度为0.58±0.02g/cm3的碳纤维坩埚预制体;
(2)预制体热处理:将碳纤维坩埚预制体在2000℃氩气保护氛围下高温热处理,密度变化为0.56±0.02g/cm3;
(3)预制体增密:将密度为0.56±0.02g/cm3的碳纤维坩埚预制体在980± 5℃、炉压1KPa下通入1:1的丙烯和氮气增密至1.46g/cm3得到炭炭坩埚;
(4)炭炭热处理:将炭炭坩埚在2300℃下热处理3h,得到炭炭坩埚基体;
(5)高温渗硅:将炭炭坩埚基体置于硅粉之上,然后在1900℃、炉压低于 1000pa的要求下渗硅反应得到碳陶坩埚;
(6)Si3N4涂层沉积工艺:N2氛围下,在850℃、压力1.0KPa采用HSiCl3-NH3体系(摩尔比:HSiCl3:NH3=1:3)气相沉积Si3N4涂层;
(7)BN涂层沉积工艺:N2氛围下,在650℃、压力2.5KPa采用BCl3-NH3体系(摩尔比:BCl3:NH3=1:3)气相沉积BN涂层;
(8)复合涂层坩埚热处理:将沉积出炉后的坩埚在1400℃下热处理2小时后出炉得到复合涂层坩埚成品。
本实施例中,炭炭坩埚密度为1.46g/cm3,开孔率为21.5%;
碳陶坩埚基体密度为2.25g/cm3,开孔率为4.80%;
复合涂层坩埚密度为2.36g/cm3,开孔率为0.33%;
本复合涂层坩埚在剪切实验中涂层未发生脱落,但出现裂纹情况,表面结合情况良好,复合涂层坩埚对比碳陶坩埚力学无明显变化;碳陶坩埚表面Si3N4涂层厚度为76μm,表面BN涂层厚度为22μm;
本实施例复合涂层坩埚在拉制单晶硅棒的生产作业中共计服役235天;复合涂层坩埚寿命偏低是由于BN沉积温度偏低,BN表面虽非常光滑,但与Si3N4涂层的结合能力有所下降,故使用一定期限后,涂层质量下降导致复合涂层坩埚寿命出现一定幅度降低。
实施例5
(1)针刺预制体:针刺制备密度为0.58±0.02g/cm3的碳纤维坩埚预制体;
(2)预制体热处理:将碳纤维坩埚预制体在2000℃氩气保护氛围下高温热处理,密度变化为0.56±0.02g/cm3;
(3)预制体增密:将密度为0.56±0.02g/cm3的碳纤维坩埚预制体在980± 5℃、炉压1KPa下通入1:1的丙烯和氮气增密至1.46g/cm3得到炭炭坩埚;
(4)炭炭热处理:将炭炭坩埚在2300℃下热处理3h,得到炭炭坩埚基体;
(5)高温渗硅:将炭炭坩埚基体置于硅粉之上,然后在1900℃、炉压低于 1000pa的要求下渗硅反应得到碳陶坩埚基体;
(6)Si3N4涂层沉积工艺:N2氛围下,在850℃、压力1.0KPa采用HSiCl3-NH3体系(摩尔比:HSiCl3:NH3=1:3)气相沉积Si3N4涂层;
(7)BN涂层沉积工艺:N2氛围下,在950℃、压力2.5KPa采用BCl3-NH3体系(摩尔比:BCl3:NH3=1:3)气相沉积BN涂层;
(8)复合涂层坩埚热处理:将沉积出炉后的坩埚在1400℃下热处理2小时后出炉得到复合涂层坩埚成品。
本实施例中,炭炭坩埚密度为1.46g/cm3,开孔率为21.2%;
碳陶坩埚基体密度为2.26g/cm3,开孔率为4.70%;
复合涂层坩埚密度为2.41g/cm3,开孔率为0.11%;
本复合涂层坩埚在剪切实验中涂层未发生脱落,但出现裂纹情况,表面结合情况良好,复合涂层坩埚对比碳陶坩埚力学无明显变化;碳陶坩埚表面Si3N4涂层厚度为75μm,表面BN涂层厚度为36μm;
本实施例复合涂层坩埚在拉制单晶硅棒的生产作业中共计服役266天;复合涂层坩埚寿命略有下降是由于BN沉积温度偏高,BN涂层厚度虽有增大但BN 表面较为粗糙,对硅的润湿性没有光滑的BN涂层差,故服役寿命略有降低。
对比例1
(1)针刺预制体:针刺制备密度为0.58±0.02g/cm3的碳纤维坩埚预制体;
(2)预制体热处理:将碳纤维坩埚预制体在2000℃氩气保护氛围下高温热处理,密度变化为0.56±0.02g/cm3;
(3)预制体增密:将密度为0.56±0.02g/cm3的碳纤维坩埚预制体在980± 5℃、炉压1KPa下通入1:1的丙烯和氮气增密至1.30g/cm3得到炭炭坩埚;
(4)炭炭热处理:将炭炭坩埚在2300℃下热处理3h,得到炭炭坩埚基体;
(5)高温渗硅:将炭炭坩埚基体置于硅粉之上,然后在1900℃、炉压低于 1000pa的要求下渗硅反应得到碳陶坩埚基体;
(6)Si3N4涂层沉积工艺:N2氛围下,在850℃、压力1.0KPa采用HSiCl3-NH3体系(摩尔比:HSiCl3:NH3=1:3)气相沉积Si3N4涂层;
(7)BN涂层沉积工艺:N2氛围下,在880℃、压力2.5KPa采用BCl3-NH3体系(摩尔比:BCl3:NH3=1:3)气相沉积BN涂层;
(8)复合涂层坩埚热处理:将沉积出炉后的坩埚在1400℃下热处理2小时后出炉得到复合涂层坩埚成品。
本对比例中,炭炭坩埚密度为1.30g/cm3,开孔率为28.1%,抗压强度为140.84MPa、抗弯强度为162.56MPa、层间剪切强度为13.85MPa、抗拉强度为 76.33MPa、冲击韧性为58.02KJ/m2;
碳陶坩埚基体密度为2.25g/cm3,开孔率为7.69%,抗压强度为268.26MPa、抗弯强度为184.38MPa、层间剪切强度为18.44MPa、抗拉强度为89.32MPa、冲击韧性为57.34KJ/m2;经化学腐蚀失重后测得硅含量为1.01%,层间及表面明显无微裂纹,切割后刨面色泽孔隙均一,渗硅均匀无差异;通过以上力学数据说明炭炭坩埚基体密度偏低,会严重影响力学性能;
复合涂层坩埚密度为2.40g/cm3,开孔率为2.31%;力学性能对比与纯碳陶坩埚基体略有提升,层间试验中涂层未脱落,证明涂层有足够的强度,但复合涂层坩埚表面出现大孔洞,表面状态差,说明碳陶坩埚基体开孔率很高,涂层沉积无法致密填充坩埚内部;碳陶坩埚表面Si3N4涂层厚度为65μm,表面BN涂层厚度为35μm;
因本对比例复合涂层坩埚开孔率严重偏高,故不应用于单晶硅生产,避免生产事故发生。
对比例2
(1)针刺预制体:针刺制备密度为0.58±0.02g/cm3的碳纤维坩埚预制体;
(2)预制体热处理:将碳纤维坩埚预制体在2000℃氩气保护氛围下高温热处理,密度变化为0.56±0.02g/cm3;
(3)预制体增密:将密度为0.56±0.02g/cm3的碳纤维坩埚预制体在980±5℃、炉压1KPa下通入1:1的丙烯和氮气增密至1.45g/cm3得到炭炭坩埚;
(4)炭炭热处理:将炭炭坩埚在2300℃下热处理3h,得到炭炭坩埚基体;
(5)高温渗硅:将炭炭坩埚基体置于硅粉之上,然后在1600℃、炉压低于 1000pa的要求下渗硅反应得到碳陶坩埚基体;
(6)Si3N4涂层沉积工艺:N2氛围下,在850℃、压力1.0KPa采用HSiCl3-NH3体系(摩尔比:HSiCl3:NH3=1:3)气相沉积Si3N4涂层;
(7)BN涂层沉积工艺:N2氛围下,在800℃、压力2.5KPa采用BCl3-NH3体系(摩尔比:BCl3:NH3=1:3)气相沉积BN涂层;
(8)复合涂层坩埚热处理:将沉积出炉后的坩埚在1400℃下热处理2小时后出炉得到复合涂层坩埚成品。
本对比例中,炭炭坩埚密度为1.45g/cm3,开孔率为22.5%;
碳陶坩埚基体密度为2.36g/cm3,开孔率为0.98%;样品经化学腐蚀失重后测得硅含量为7.85%,由于残余硅含量高样品内部存在众多微裂纹;
复合涂层坩埚密度为2.44g/cm3,开孔率0.04%,层间试验中涂层脱落,证明涂层没有足够的强度;碳陶坩埚表面Si3N4涂层厚度为70μm,表面BN涂层厚度为31μm,制备所得复合涂层坩埚表面涂层致密、光滑;
但本对比例复合涂层坩埚在拉制单晶硅棒的生产作业中共计服役123天,这是因为高温工况下碳陶坩埚基体内部少量残余硅液化对涂层有破坏作用,同时由于碳陶坩埚基体开孔率低,涂层沉积的过程中Si3N4涂层未能由内而外生长仅吸附在碳陶坩埚基体表面,结合强度偏低而发生破坏;随着涂层的破坏,碳陶坩埚基体内部被侵蚀,使用寿命大大降低,同时还可能污染产品。
而提升炭炭坩埚基体高温渗硅温度(高于2000℃),则碳陶坩埚基体开孔率会显著上升,涂层无法有效填充孔隙,且温度过高反应快速,纤维可能损伤出现微裂纹影响力学性能。
对比例3
(1)针刺预制体:针刺制备密度为0.58±0.02g/cm3的碳纤维坩埚预制体;
(2)预制体热处理:将碳纤维坩埚预制体在2000℃氩气保护氛围下高温热处理,密度变化为0.56±0.02g/cm3;
(3)预制体增密:将密度为0.56±0.02g/cm3的碳纤维坩埚预制体在980±5℃、炉压1KPa下通入1:1的丙烯和氮气增密至1.46g/cm3得到炭炭坩埚;
(4)炭炭热处理:将炭炭坩埚在2300℃下热处理3h,得到炭炭坩埚基体;
(5)高温渗硅:将炭炭坩埚基体置于硅粉之上,然后在1900℃、炉压低于1000pa的要求下渗硅反应得到碳陶坩埚基体;
(6)Si3N4涂层沉积工艺:N2氛围下,在850℃、压力1.0KPa采用HSiCl3-NH3体系(摩尔比:HSiCl3:NH3=1:3)气相沉积Si3N4涂层;
(7)Si3N4涂层坩埚热处理:将沉积Si3N4涂层后的坩埚在1400℃下热处理 2小时后出炉得到单一涂层坩埚成品。
本对比例中,炭炭坩埚密度为1.46g/cm3;
碳陶坩埚基体密度为2.28g/cm3;
单一涂层坩埚密度为2.36g/cm3,开孔率0.94%,涂层表面略为粗糙,层间试验中涂层未脱落,证明涂层有足够的强度;碳陶坩埚表面Si3N4涂层厚度为 79μm。
本对比例的单一涂层坩埚在拉制单晶硅棒的生产作业中仅仅服役125天,这是因为Si3N4涂层表面较为粗糙,且对硅有一定的润湿性,在单晶硅的生产过程中对Si3N4涂层有一定破坏作用,故而使单一Si3N4涂层效果不显著。
而当仅使用单一BN涂层时,BN涂层生长慢,无法有效的填充碳陶坩埚基体的孔隙,对碳陶坩埚的保护不够充分;当先沉积BN涂层再沉积Si3N4涂层仍然存在Si3N4涂层对硅有一定润湿性问题。
Claims (6)
1.一种含Si3N4和BN复合涂层的碳陶复合材料坩埚,其特征在于:由碳陶坩埚基体依次沉积Si3N4涂层、BN涂层制得;碳陶坩埚基体残余硅含量不高于0.5wt%;
所述的含Si3N4和BN复合涂层的碳陶复合材料坩埚的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)针刺制得密度为0.56-0.60 g/cm3的碳纤维坩埚预制体;
(2)惰性气氛下,将碳纤维坩埚预制体于1800-2000℃下进行热处理;
(3)在丙烯和氮气的混合气氛下,将热处理后的碳纤维坩埚预制体增密得到密度为1.40-1.55 g/cm3的炭炭坩埚;
(4)将炭炭坩埚于2200-2500℃下进行热处理,得到炭炭坩埚基体;
(5)将炭炭坩埚基体置于硅粉上,于1700℃-2000℃下进行高温渗硅,得到碳陶坩埚基体;
(6)对碳陶坩埚基体进行气相沉积Si3N4涂层,得到含Si3N4涂层的碳陶坩埚基体;
(7)对含Si3N4涂层的碳陶坩埚进行气相沉积BN涂层,得到含Si3N4和BN复合涂层的碳陶复合材料坩埚基体;
(8)将含Si3N4和BN复合涂层的碳陶复合材料坩埚基体于1200℃-1600℃下进行热处理得到含Si3N4和BN复合涂层的碳陶复合材料坩埚;
N2氛围下,采用HSiCl3-NH3体系气相沉积Si3N4涂层,沉积温度为700-1000℃,沉积压力为0.5-3.0KPa,Si3N4涂层的厚度为50-100μm;
N2氛围下,采用BCl3-NH3体系气相沉积BN涂层,沉积温度为600-1050℃,沉积压力为1.0-5.0KPa,BN涂层的厚度为10-40μm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含Si3N4和BN复合涂层的碳陶复合材料坩埚,其特征在于:所述碳陶坩埚基体密度为2.15-2.35 g/cm3,开孔率为4-6%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的含Si3N4和BN复合涂层的碳陶复合材料坩埚,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,混合气氛中的丙烯和氮气的体积比为1:1;热处理温度为975-985℃,压力为0.8-1.2KPa。
4.根据权利要求1所述的含Si3N4和BN复合涂层的碳陶复合材料坩埚,其特征在于:步骤(4)中,炭炭坩埚基体的开孔率为18-24%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的含Si3N4和BN复合涂层的碳陶复合材料坩埚,其特征在于:步骤(6)中,含Si3N4涂层的碳陶坩埚基体的密度为2.25-2.45 g/cm3,开孔率不高于1%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的含Si3N4和BN复合涂层的碳陶复合材料坩埚,其特征在于:步骤(7)中,含Si3N4和BN复合涂层的碳陶复合材料坩埚基体的密度为2.30-2.50g/cm3,开孔率不高于1%。
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