CN117534528A - Environment-friendly compound fertilizer - Google Patents
Environment-friendly compound fertilizer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117534528A CN117534528A CN202311554775.9A CN202311554775A CN117534528A CN 117534528 A CN117534528 A CN 117534528A CN 202311554775 A CN202311554775 A CN 202311554775A CN 117534528 A CN117534528 A CN 117534528A
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- Prior art keywords
- wheat straw
- base material
- compound fertilizer
- friendly compound
- mixing
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 108010020346 Polyglutamic Acid Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920002643 polyglutamic acid Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 22
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 22
- -1 dodecyl dimethyl tertiary amine Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 claims description 11
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000222393 Phanerochaete chrysosporium Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000499912 Trichoderma reesei Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- LXKCHCXZBPLTAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.CC1=CNN=C1C LXKCHCXZBPLTAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;magnesium;phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940059442 hemicellulase Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 108010002430 hemicellulase Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium;oxalate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- AUKDKWLCVXCCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiodiacetic acid sulfoxide Chemical compound OC(=O)CS(=O)CC(O)=O AUKDKWLCVXCCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 abstract description 40
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 abstract description 40
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 38
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000013081 microcrystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 38
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 20
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 11
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- UVZICZIVKIMRNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiodiacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CSCC(O)=O UVZICZIVKIMRNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229940068886 polyethylene glycol 300 Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 5
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000168 Microcrystalline cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019813 microcrystalline cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008108 microcrystalline cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940016286 microcrystalline cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000002367 phosphate rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioglycolic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CS CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004762 CaSiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000000797 Hibiscus cannabinus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910017625 MgSiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVMRPSJZNHXORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ON=O.ON=O.ON=O.N Chemical compound ON=O.ON=O.ON=O.N JVMRPSJZNHXORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012773 agricultural material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001461 cytolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003895 groundwater pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002681 soil colloid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002522 swelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
- C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a green environment-friendly compound fertilizer which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75-85 parts of organic base material, 10-20 parts of inorganic base material, 0.5-1 part of polyglutamic acid, 3-4 parts of activated carbon and 0.5-1 part of nitrification inhibitor. According to the invention, the wheat straw is treated by the modifier, so that coarse fibers and lignocellulose in the wheat straw are decomposed into micromolecular cellulose microcrystals, and then the micromolecular cellulose microcrystals are subjected to enzymolysis and fermentation, so that the capability of rapidly decomposing the organic base material by soil and releasing nutrients is realized, the effect of replacing the traditional inorganic fertilizer is achieved, the yield increasing requirement of crops can be met, the damage to the soil is greatly reduced, and the wheat straw is an environment-friendly compound fertilizer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fertilizers, in particular to a green environment-friendly compound fertilizer.
Background
The fertilizer can provide nutrient elements needed by plants or beneficial to the plants, improves soil properties and soil fertility level, and is one of the most important agricultural materials in agricultural production. Excessive use of chemical fertilizer not only ensures that the soil nutrient is single and the fertility is rapidly reduced, seriously influences the quality of crops, but also causes loss of pollutants, damages the ecological environment, damages the health of human bodies due to chemical residues, and further aggravates the problem of energy shortage in China.
Because of the large amount of applied single element fertilizer in farmland, the nutrients of the fertilizer cannot be effectively absorbed and utilized by crops. Some chemical substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like are easy to be solidified by soil, so that various salts are accumulated in the soil, soil nutrient imbalance is caused, the content of harmful heavy metals and the harmful pathogenic bacteria in partial plots exceed the standard, the soil property is deteriorated, and the conversion and synthesis of partial substances in crops are blocked, so that the quality of agricultural products is reduced. Excessive use of chemical fertilizer makes the fruit and vegetable have bad growth characteristics, and is easy to rot and difficult to store. In addition, excessive use of chemical fertilizers is extremely easy to cause crops to lodge, and once lodging occurs, grain yield reduction is necessarily caused, so that the safety of Chinese grains is threatened; and diseases and insect pests are easy to occur when the chemical fertilizer is used excessively. For example, the use of excessive nitrogen fertilizer can weaken the disease and pest resistance of crops, and is easy to be infected by diseases and pests, so that the pesticide dosage for preventing pests can be increased, and the safety of foods is directly threatened.
The excessive use of chemical fertilizer can aggravate environmental pollution, and the loss of nitrogen not only causes huge waste, but also causes serious pollution to soil, water and air. Excessive fertilization can lead to soil hardening, and soil colloid is dispersed, so that the ventilation and water storage capacity of soil is reduced. A large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus elements enter the water body through a leaching loss way, so that the nitrogen and phosphorus content of the water body is seriously exceeded, and further, the water body is eutrophicated, and the water quality is reduced. The nitrogenous fertilizer in the soil, and a considerable part of the nitrogenous fertilizer infiltrates into the ground, so that groundwater pollution is caused. The nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the soil are reduced into NO and NO through denitrification 2 、N 2 And gases, these gases and SO in the atmosphere 2 Chemical reaction is carried out to finally form acid rain which is applied to the whole areaThe ball ecosystem has a serious threat. At the same time NO, NO 2 Also greenhouse gases, can cause a greenhouse effect.
The use of a large amount of fertilizers also wastes a large amount of resources, and the cost of the fertilizers is high because of the shortage of production raw materials. If the nitrogenous fertilizer mainly uses petroleum as raw material, coal and natural gas are mainly used at present, and are all resources which are short of China. And a large amount of high-quality phosphate ores are consumed in fertilizer production every year, and phosphate ores are listed in the state of the lack of resources after 2010 of the national resource department. The data show that in 2004, the fertilizer production in China consumes about 1 hundred million tons of standard coal, which exceeds the national energy consumption proportion by 5%; the production consumption of high-grade phosphate rock exceeds 1 hundred million tons per year; and consume 72% of sulfur resources in China. At present, the amount of chemical fertilizers produced and consumed in China per year exceeds 4500 ten thousand tons, and the national nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate is only about 30%. Therefore, the development of a green environment-friendly compound fertilizer is urgent.
CN 109761712A discloses a preparation method of an organic environment-friendly pollution-free fertilizer, which adopts ammoniation treatment and biological treatment of crop straws to achieve better effect, the removal rate of lignocellulose and hemicellulose can reach more than 85%, and the utilization rate of the crop straws is greatly improved. Which ionizes hydroxide ions and ammonium ions using aqueous ammonia. The hydroxyl ions can break the ester bond between lignin and cellulose, break the mosaic structure of lignin and cellulose, and dissolve hemicellulose and a part of lignin. However, the effect of the treatment on the most difficult to decompose lignocellulose in cellulose is weak, and the cellulose residual rate is more than 10% after the treatment; and the ammonia water is used for treatment, so that air and water sources are polluted, and the pollution to human bodies is high, so that the method is not suitable for large-scale popularization.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides a green environment-friendly compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
The environment-friendly compound fertilizer consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75-85 parts of organic base material, 10-20 parts of inorganic base material, 0.5-1 part of polyglutamic acid, 3-4 parts of activated carbon and 0.5-1 part of nitrification inhibitor.
The preparation method of the organic base material comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning wheat straw, crushing to 1mm, and airing at room temperature to obtain wheat straw powder;
s2, mixing the wheat straw powder, the modifier, the citric acid, the polyethylene glycol and the water which are prepared in the step S1 according to the mass ratio of (15-25), (5-15), (1-2), (4-6) and (64-75), stirring for 30-60min at the rotating speed of 120-200r/min at the temperature of 50-70 ℃, simultaneously assisting in ultrasonic treatment, wherein the ultrasonic power is 500-800W, the frequency is 40-60kHz, filtering to obtain sediment, and drying to obtain the modified wheat straw;
s3, mixing the modified wheat straw, the enzyme preparation, the citric acid and the water which are prepared in the step S2 according to the mass ratio of (25-35), (0.1-0.5), (3-5) and (60-70), stirring for 20-40min at the speed of 60-90r/min at the temperature of 30-50 ℃, standing for enzymolysis for 4-6h, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the enzymolysis wheat straw powder;
s4, mixing the enzymolysis wheat straw powder, zymophyte and water (35-45) (0.1-0.5) (55-65) obtained in the step S3 according to the mass ratio, stirring for 10-20min at the rotating speed of 120-200r/min, and standing for fermenting for 10-20 days to obtain the fermented wheat straw powder;
s5, drying the fermented wheat straw powder prepared in the step S4 at 80-100 ℃ until the water content is 20-30%, and then performing ultraviolet sterilization treatment to obtain the organic base material, wherein the ultraviolet wavelength is 250-260nm, and the irradiation intensity is 400-600J/m 2 The irradiation time is 20-30min.
The modifier is one or two of thionyl diacetic acid and dodecyl dimethyl tertiary amine.
Preferably, the modifier is formed by mixing (1-2) of thiodiglycolic acid and dodecyl dimethyl tertiary amine according to the mass ratio of (1-2).
The polyethylene glycol is 200-400 parts of polyethylene glycol; preferably, the polyethylene glycol is polyethylene glycol 300.
The enzyme preparation is formed by mixing one or two or more than two of cellulase, hemicellulase and lignin decomposition enzyme; preferably, the enzyme preparation is formed by mixing (4-6): (1-2): (5-7) of cellulase, hemicellulase and lignin decomposition enzyme according to the mass ratio.
The fermentation bacteria are one or two or more of trichoderma reesei, phanerochaete chrysosporium and bacillus subtilis; preferably, the zymophyte is formed by mixing (1-2) and (3-5) of trichoderma reesei and Phanerochaete chrysosporium according to the mass ratio of (1-2).
The preparation method of the green environment-friendly compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
mixing 75-85 parts of organic base material, 10-20 parts of inorganic base material, 0.5-1 part of polyglutamic acid, 3-4 parts of active carbon and 0.5-1 part of nitrification inhibitor according to parts by weight, and stirring for 10-20min at a rotating speed of 100-200r/min to obtain a mixture.
N2 extrudes the mixture prepared in the step N1 into 0.5-1mm particles, and dries the particles until the water content is 2% -5%, so that the green environment-friendly compound fertilizer is obtained.
The inorganic base material is formed by mixing one or two or more than two of urea, potassium oxalate and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and preferably, the inorganic base material is formed by mixing (5-8) and (1-2) of urea, potassium oxalate and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer according to the mass ratio.
The nitrification inhibitor is formed by mixing one or two of dicyandiamide and 3, 4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole dihydrogen phosphate; preferably, the nitrification inhibitor is formed by mixing dicyandiamide and 3, 4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole dihydrogen phosphate according to the mass ratio of (1-2).
The traditional agricultural fertilizer production uses petroleum, coal, natural gas, phosphate rock and the like as raw materials, has high production cost and wastes a large amount of shortage resources; correspondingly, the utilization rate of the fertilizer by crops is extremely low and is only about three times. These two factors cause high fertilizer use cost in China, and further cause low income of farmers. Meanwhile, the use of a large amount of chemical fertilizers damages the ecological environment of farmlands, so that the fertility of the farmlands is reduced, and more chemical fertilizers are required to be applied to form vicious circle. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a green environment-friendly compound fertilizer.
In recent years, with the development of agricultural production, the grain yield is greatly improved in China since the 80 th century, the quantity of straws is also large, the popularization of firewood saving and coal saving technology is further realized, the popularization of coal burning and liquefied gas use is further realized, and the command of prohibiting straw burning issued by the country is further realized, so that a large quantity of surplus straws exist in rural areas, and the cost is low. The straw is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, organic matters and the like, is a renewable biological resource with multiple purposes, but also contains a large amount of macromolecular substances which have high crude fiber content (30% -40%) and lignin and the like and are not easy to degrade and absorb. Therefore, the straw is directly crushed and returned to the field, and the utilization efficiency is low. The invention provides a green environment-friendly compound fertilizer, which adopts a special process to change low-cost wheat straw into an organic fertilizer, reduces the use of the traditional nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and can achieve the effect of increasing the yield which is not weaker than the traditional fertilizer.
According to the invention, the wheat straw is firstly crushed, so that the subsequent treatment is facilitated; then, the wheat straw powder is treated by adopting a modifier, coarse fibers and wood fibers in the wheat straw powder are loosened, the subsequent enzymatic decomposition is facilitated, and the organic base material which is decomposed and can be quickly decomposed into nutrient components required by plants in soil is prepared through enzymolysis, fermentation and sterilization steps. Then a small amount of inorganic fertilizer is mixed for use, so that the damage of the inorganic fertilizer to soil is reduced.
Polyglutamic acid, activated carbon and a nitrification inhibitor are also added into the green environment-friendly compound fertilizer prepared by the invention. Polyglutamic acid has extremely strong hydrophilicity and water retention capacity, and can form a layer of film on the surface layer of plant root hair, so that the polyglutamic acid not only has the function of protecting root hair, but also is an optimal conveying platform for closely contacting nutrients, water and root hair in soil, and can effectively improve the dissolution, storage, conveying and absorption of fertilizer. Prevent sulfate radical, phosphate radical, oxalate radical and metal element from producing precipitation action, so that crops can effectively absorb phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and trace elements in soil. Promote the growth of crop root system and strengthen disease resistance. In addition, the polyglutamic acid has excellent buffering capacity for acid and alkali, can effectively balance the acid-base number of soil, and avoids the acidic soil caused by long-term use of chemical fertilizer.
The active carbon is used as a strong adsorbent, can effectively prevent the loss of nutrient components in soil, and meanwhile, the strong water absorption effect of the active carbon can effectively maintain the humidity of the organic base material in the soil, so that the active carbon is convenient for the propagation of microorganisms in the soil and accelerates the decomposition of the organic base material in the green environment-friendly compound fertilizer. In addition, the fertilizer can also supplement carbon elements in soil and strengthen soil fertility.
Nitrification inhibitors are chemical substances that are capable of inhibiting the bioconversion process of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate Nitrogen (NCT). The nitrification inhibitor reduces the loss of nitrogen fertilizer in the form of nitrate nitrogen and the influence on the ecological environment by reducing the generation and accumulation of the nitrate nitrogen in soil. The fertilizer utilization rate can be effectively improved by adding a certain amount of nitrification inhibitor, and meanwhile, the soil acidification caused by nitrate is reduced.
The organic base material prepared from the wheat straw is mixed with polyglutamic acid, active carbon and nitrification inhibitor, so that the damage of inorganic fertilizer to soil can be reduced to the greatest extent. As to how to fatten the organic base material of the wheat straw to the same extent as the inorganic fertilizer, the treatment process of the wheat straw needs to be optimized. In the prior art, a plurality of schemes such as enzymolysis, fermentation and the like exist, however, most of the defects are obvious, the treatment effect on crude fibers and wood fibers with the largest content in the wheat straw is not obvious or the treatment effect is long and high in cost, the nutritional ingredients in the wheat straw cannot be rapidly released due to the fact that the decomposition speed of soil on the crude fibers and the wood fibers in the wheat straw is slow, the nutritional ingredients are absorbed by crops, the purpose of fertilization is to rapidly provide a large amount of nutritional elements for the crops in the growing period, the yield of the crops is promoted, and the defect in the prior art causes that the organic fertilizer manufactured by the wheat straw cannot replace the traditional inorganic fertilizer and is put into use on a large scale. Aiming at the technical defect, the invention provides a preparation method of a green organic fertilizer containing an organic base material, which adopts the mixture of thiodiglycolic acid and dodecyl dimethyl tertiary amine as a modifier, firstly treats wheat straw, swells cellulose by using dodecyl dimethyl tertiary amine and polyethylene glycol to loosen intermolecular hydrogen bonds, reduces intermolecular acting force, provides an acidic condition by citric acid, and can carry a large amount of hydrogen ions as electron-rich thiodiglycolic acid to attack intramolecular hydrogen bonds of cellulose, and the thiodiglycolic acid is matched two by two to achieve the aim of dissociating macromolecular cellulose into micromolecular microcrystalline cellulose. The molecular weight of cellulose is obviously reduced due to the synergistic effect of the thiodiacetic acid and the dodecyl dimethyl tertiary amine, so that the cellulose is easier to be hydrolyzed. The wheat straw powder treated by the modifier is further treated by an enzyme preparation, most small molecular cellulose microcrystals are decomposed into sugar substances, and finally nutrients of the wheat straw are fully released through fermentation and decomposition, so that the prepared organic base material almost contains no cellulose, and has the characteristics of no environmental pollution and capability of being quickly absorbed by plants.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a method for preparing an organic base material from wheat straw, which utilizes a modifier to treat the wheat straw, so that crude fibers and lignocellulose in the wheat straw are decomposed into micromolecular cellulose microcrystals, and the organic base material is subjected to enzymolysis and fermentation, thereby realizing the functions of no environmental pollution and rapid absorption by plants.
2. The swelling effect of the dodecyl dimethyl tertiary amine is utilized to break the intermolecular hydrogen bonds of cellulose and the sulfenyl diacetic acid breaks the intramolecular hydrogen bonds of cellulose, so that the molecular weight of cellulose is reduced by two-by-two coordination.
3. The green environment-friendly compound fertilizer prepared by the invention mainly comprises an organic base material prepared from wheat straw, has little damage to soil, is easy to be absorbed by plants, has high nutrient release speed, and can meet the growth requirement of crops.
Detailed Description
Wheat straw purchased from the company of the new world grass industry, prefecture.
Thiodiacetic acid, CAS number: 123-93-3, hubei Heng Jing Rui chemical Co., ltd.
Dodecyl dimethyl tertiary amine, CAS number: 112-18-5, new Material Co., shanghai Bo.
Polyethylene glycol 300, product number S30184, was purchased from Shanghai Yuan Ye Biotechnology Co.
Polyglutamic acid, agricultural polyglutamic acid, has a molecular weight of 20000 and is purchased from the company of chemical industry, siam Kanno, inc., with a product number of pga001.
Activated carbon, particle size: 325 mesh, environmental protection technology limited, likoch, suzhou.
Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, model: kpl-52014 mainly comprising Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 、CaSiO 3 、MgSiO 3 ，P 2 O 5 12-18%, caO 45%, siO 2 20% of MgO and 12% of MgO.
Dicyandiamide, CAS number: 461-58-5, shandong Xin Heng chemical Co., ltd.
3, 4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole dihydropyrate, CAS number: 202842-98-6, hebei strange kenaf biotechnology limited.
Cellulase, enzyme activity: 200000u/g, tham sindeli bioengineering limited.
Hemicellulase, enzyme activity: 50000u/g, beijing Xia Cheng Biotechnology development Co., ltd.
Lignin decomposing enzyme, enzyme activity: 2 ten thousand u/g, qingdao Long Chuan Biotechnology Co., ltd.
Trichoderma reesei, accession number: CICC 40358, purchased from China center for type culture Collection of Industrial microorganisms.
Phanerochaete chrysosporium, numbering: CICC 40719, purchased from China center for type culture Collection of Industrial microorganisms.
Bacillus subtilis, accession No.: CICC 10066, purchased from China center for type culture Collection of Industrial microorganisms.
Example 1
The environment-friendly compound fertilizer consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of organic base material, 15 parts of inorganic base material, 0.5 part of polyglutamic acid, 4 parts of activated carbon and 0.5 part of nitrification inhibitor.
The preparation method of the organic base material comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning wheat straw, crushing to 1mm, and airing at room temperature to obtain wheat straw powder;
s2, mixing the wheat straw powder prepared in the step S1, zymophyte and water according to a mass ratio of 40:0.3:60, stirring for 15min at a rotating speed of 160r/min, and standing for 15 days to obtain fermented wheat straw powder;
s3, drying the fermented wheat straw powder prepared in the step S2 at 90 ℃ until the water content is 25%, and then performing ultraviolet sterilization treatment to obtain the organic base material, wherein the ultraviolet wavelength is 254nm, and the irradiation intensity is 500J/m 2 The irradiation time was 25min.
The zymophyte is prepared by mixing trichoderma reesei, phanerochaete chrysosporium and bacillus subtilis according to a mass ratio of 1:1:4.
The preparation method of the green environment-friendly compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
the N1 is prepared by mixing 80 parts of organic base material, 15 parts of inorganic base material, 0.5 part of polyglutamic acid, 4 parts of active carbon and 0.5 part of nitrification inhibitor according to parts by weight, and stirring at a rotating speed of 150r/min for 15min to obtain a mixture.
And N2, extruding the mixture prepared in the step N1 into particles with the diameter of 1mm, and drying until the water content is 3%, thereby obtaining the green environment-friendly compound fertilizer.
The inorganic base material is formed by mixing urea, potassium oxalate and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 6:1:1.
The nitrification inhibitor is prepared by mixing dicyandiamide and 3, 4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole dihydrogen phosphate according to the mass ratio of 1:1.
Example 2
The environment-friendly compound fertilizer consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of organic base material, 15 parts of inorganic base material, 0.5 part of polyglutamic acid, 4 parts of activated carbon and 0.5 part of nitrification inhibitor.
The preparation method of the organic base material comprises the following steps:
s1, after cleaning the wheat straw, crushing the wheat straw to about 1mm, and airing the wheat straw at room temperature to obtain wheat straw powder;
s2, mixing the wheat straw powder prepared in the step S1, a modifier, citric acid, polyethylene glycol 300 and water according to a mass ratio of 20:10:1.6:5:70, stirring at a speed of 180r/min for 40min at 60 ℃, simultaneously assisting in ultrasonic treatment, wherein the ultrasonic power is 600W, the frequency is 50kHz, filtering to obtain a precipitate, and drying to obtain modified wheat straw;
s3, mixing the modified wheat straw powder prepared in the step S2, zymophyte and water according to a mass ratio of 40:0.3:60, stirring for 15min at a rotating speed of 160r/min, and standing for 15 days to obtain fermented wheat straw powder; the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the
S4, drying the fermented wheat straw powder prepared in the step S3 at 90 ℃ until the water content is 25%, and then performing ultraviolet sterilization treatment to obtain the organic base material, wherein the ultraviolet wavelength is 254nm, and the irradiation intensity is 500J/m 2 The irradiation time was 25min.
The modifier is prepared by mixing thiodiglycolic acid and dodecyl dimethyl tertiary amine according to the mass ratio of 1:1.
The zymophyte is prepared by mixing trichoderma reesei, phanerochaete chrysosporium and bacillus subtilis according to a mass ratio of 1:1:4.
The preparation method of the green environment-friendly compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
the N1 is prepared by mixing 80 parts of organic base material, 15 parts of inorganic base material, 0.5 part of polyglutamic acid, 4 parts of active carbon and 0.5 part of nitrification inhibitor according to parts by weight, and stirring at a rotating speed of 150r/min for 15min to obtain a mixture.
And N2, extruding the mixture prepared in the step N1 into particles with the diameter of 1mm, and drying until the water content is 3%, thereby obtaining the green environment-friendly compound fertilizer.
The inorganic base material is formed by mixing urea, potassium oxalate and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 6:1:1.
The nitrification inhibitor is prepared by mixing dicyandiamide and 3, 4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole dihydrogen phosphate according to the mass ratio of 1:1.
Example 3
The environment-friendly compound fertilizer consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of organic base material, 15 parts of inorganic base material, 0.5 part of polyglutamic acid, 4 parts of activated carbon and 0.5 part of nitrification inhibitor.
The preparation method of the organic base material comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning wheat straw, crushing to 1mm, and airing at room temperature to obtain wheat straw powder;
s2, mixing the wheat straw powder prepared in the step S1, a modifier, citric acid, polyethylene glycol 300 and water according to a mass ratio of 20:10:1.6:5:70, stirring at a speed of 180r/min for 40min at 60 ℃, simultaneously assisting in ultrasonic treatment, wherein the ultrasonic power is 600W, the frequency is 50kHz, filtering to obtain a precipitate, and drying to obtain modified wheat straw;
s3, mixing the modified wheat straw, the enzyme preparation, the citric acid and the water which are prepared in the step S2 according to the mass ratio of 30:0.3:4:65, stirring for 30min at the speed of 75r/min at 40 ℃, standing for enzymolysis for 5h, filtering to obtain precipitate, washing and drying to obtain the enzymolysis wheat straw powder;
s4, mixing the enzymolysis wheat straw powder prepared in the step S3, zymophyte and water according to a mass ratio of 40:0.3:60, stirring for 15min at a rotating speed of 160r/min, and standing for 15 days to obtain fermented wheat straw powder;
s5, drying the fermented wheat straw powder prepared in the step S4 at 90 ℃ until the water content is 25%, and then performing ultraviolet sterilization treatment to obtain the organic base material, wherein the ultraviolet wavelength is 254nm, and the irradiation intensity is 500J/m 2 The irradiation time was 25min.
The modifier is prepared by mixing thiodiglycolic acid and dodecyl dimethyl tertiary amine according to the mass ratio of 1:1.
The enzyme preparation is prepared by mixing cellulase, hemicellulase and lignin decomposing enzyme according to a mass ratio of 5:2:6.
The zymophyte is prepared by mixing trichoderma reesei, phanerochaete chrysosporium and bacillus subtilis according to a mass ratio of 1:1:4.
The preparation method of the green environment-friendly compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
the N1 is prepared by mixing 80 parts of organic base material, 15 parts of inorganic base material, 0.5 part of polyglutamic acid, 4 parts of active carbon and 0.5 part of nitrification inhibitor according to parts by weight, and stirring at a rotating speed of 150r/min for 15min to obtain a mixture.
And N2, extruding the mixture prepared in the step N1 into particles with the diameter of 1mm, and drying until the water content is 3%, thereby obtaining the green environment-friendly compound fertilizer.
The inorganic base material is formed by mixing urea, potassium oxalate and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 6:1:1.
The nitrification inhibitor is prepared by mixing dicyandiamide and 3, 4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole dihydrogen phosphate according to the mass ratio of 1:1.
Example 4
Substantially the same as in example 3, the only difference is that: the preparation method of the organic base material comprises the following steps:
s1, after cleaning the wheat straw, crushing the wheat straw to about 1mm, and airing the wheat straw at room temperature to obtain wheat straw powder;
s2, mixing the wheat straw powder prepared in the step S1, a modifier, citric acid, polyethylene glycol 300 and water according to a mass ratio of 20:10:1.6:5:70, stirring at a speed of 180r/min for 40min at 60 ℃, simultaneously assisting in ultrasonic treatment, wherein the ultrasonic power is 600W, the frequency is 50kHz, filtering to obtain a precipitate, and drying to obtain modified wheat straw;
s3, mixing the modified wheat straw, the enzyme preparation, the citric acid and the water which are prepared in the step S2 according to the mass ratio of 30:0.3:4:65, stirring for 30min at the speed of 75r/min at 40 ℃, standing for enzymolysis for 5h, filtering, washing and drying to obtain enzymolysis wheat straw powder;
s4, mixing the enzymolysis wheat straw powder prepared in the step S3, zymophyte and water according to a mass ratio of 40:0.3:60, stirring for 15min at a rotating speed of 160r/min, and standing for 15 days to obtain fermented wheat straw powder; the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the
S5, drying the fermented wheat straw powder prepared in the step S4 at 90 ℃ until the water content is 25%, and then performing ultraviolet sterilization treatment to obtain the organic base material, wherein the ultraviolet wavelength is 254nm, and the irradiation intensity is 500J/m 2 The irradiation time was 25min.
The enzyme preparation is prepared by mixing cellulase, hemicellulase and lignin decomposing enzyme according to a mass ratio of 5:2:6.
The zymophyte is prepared by mixing trichoderma reesei, phanerochaete chrysosporium and bacillus subtilis according to a mass ratio of 1:1:4.
The modifier is dodecyl dimethyl tertiary amine.
Example 5
Substantially the same as in example 3, the only difference is that: the preparation method of the organic base material comprises the following steps:
s1, after cleaning the wheat straw, crushing the wheat straw to about 1mm, and airing the wheat straw at room temperature to obtain wheat straw powder;
s2, mixing the wheat straw powder prepared in the step S1, a modifier, citric acid, polyethylene glycol 300 and water according to a mass ratio of 20:10:1.6:5:70, stirring at a speed of 180r/min for 40min at 60 ℃, simultaneously assisting in ultrasonic treatment, wherein the ultrasonic power is 600W, the frequency is 50kHz, filtering to obtain a precipitate, and drying to obtain modified wheat straw;
s3, mixing the modified wheat straw, the enzyme preparation, the citric acid and the water which are prepared in the step S2 according to the mass ratio of 30:0.3:4:65, stirring for 30min at the speed of 75r/min at 40 ℃, standing for enzymolysis for 5h, filtering, washing and drying to obtain enzymolysis wheat straw powder;
s4, mixing the enzymolysis wheat straw powder prepared in the step S3, zymophyte and water according to a mass ratio of 40:0.3:60, stirring for 15min at a rotating speed of 160r/min, and standing for 15 days to obtain fermented wheat straw powder; the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the
S5, drying the fermented wheat straw powder prepared in the step S4 at 90 ℃ until the water content is 25%, and then performing ultraviolet sterilization treatment to obtain the organic base material, wherein the ultraviolet wavelength is 254nm, and the irradiation intensity is 500J/m 2 The irradiation time was 25min.
The enzyme preparation is prepared by mixing cellulase, hemicellulase and lignin decomposing enzyme according to a mass ratio of 5:2:6.
The zymophyte is prepared by mixing trichoderma reesei, phanerochaete chrysosporium and bacillus subtilis according to a mass ratio of 1:1:4.
The modifier is thionyl diacetic acid.
Test example 1
Quick-acting phosphorus content determination, namely determining the content of organic phosphorus in the organic base material prepared in the example by adopting NY/T300-1995 determination of quick-acting phosphorus of organic fertilizer;
determination of quick-acting Potassium: the content of quick-acting potassium in the organic base material prepared in the example is determined by using NY/T301-1995 determination of quick-acting potassium of organic fertilizer.
Table 1: quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium content table, unit: g.kg -1
| Quick-acting phosphorus | Quick-acting potassium | |
| Example 1 | 0.414 | 10.31 |
| Example 2 | 0.441 | 10.65 |
| Example 3 | 0.579 | 14.71 |
| Example 4 | 0.542 | 13.34 |
| Example 5 | 0.531 | 13.21 |
It can be seen from table 1 that the organic base material prepared in the example has the highest content of available phosphorus and available potassium, which is example 3, because the organic base material prepared by enzymolysis and fermentation after the wheat straw powder is treated by the modifier contains almost no cellulose, and the available phosphorus and available potassium can be completely leached out. Example 1 shows lower levels of available phosphorus and available potassium in the organic base material compared to example 3, since the main component of the plant cell wall is cellulose, and a large number of hydrogen bonds exist between and within cellulose molecules, which are difficult to decompose. In addition, cellulose is decomposed in the fermentation process to generate cellulase through zymophyte, cellulose macromolecules are decomposed into micromolecules through the cellulase, and then the micromolecules are decomposed into polysaccharide, so that the time consumption is long, a lot of uncertainty exists in the plant fermentation process, the cellulose is easy to oxidize, esterify or crosslink, the selectivity of the cellulase is seriously influenced, and the cellulose decomposition effect of direct fermentation is poor, so that substances in cells are difficult to dissolve out, and the dissolution of available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium is influenced. Meanwhile, cellulose is the substance with the largest content in the wheat straw, and the decomposition of the cellulose can lead the phosphorus and potassium elements contained in the cell wall to be released, and the phosphorus and the potassium elements are converted into available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium through fermentation. In example 2, the wheat straw powder is treated by the modifier and then fermented, so that the effect improvement is still not obvious. This is also due to the numerous uncertainties in the plant fermentation process, the cellulose is susceptible to oxidation, esterification or cross-linking, severely affecting the selectivity of the cellulase, resulting in a fermentation with poor cellulolytic effect. The fermentation is to make the wheat straw undergo complex reaction under the catalysis of zymophyte to convert organic phosphorus and potassium elements, and the complexity of the reaction has great influence on the decomposition of cellulose. Therefore, the modified wheat straw powder is subjected to enzymolysis for the first time before fermentation, most of cellulose is decomposed into polysaccharide, and then fermentation is carried out, so that the effect is best, and a large amount of polysaccharide generated by enzymolysis of cellulose is beneficial to fermentation bacteria propagation, so that the fermentation process is promoted.
The organic binders prepared in examples 4 and 5 also contained slightly lower amounts of fast-acting phosphorus and fast-acting potassium than the organic binder prepared in example 3. The cellulose is swelled by the dodecyl dimethyl tertiary amine and the polyethylene glycol, so that intermolecular hydrogen bonds are loosened, intermolecular acting force is reduced, citric acid is used for providing an acidic condition, and the electronic-rich thioglycollic acid can carry a large amount of hydrogen ions to attack intramolecular hydrogen bonds of cellulose, so that the aim of dissociating macromolecular cellulose into micromolecular microcrystalline cellulose is fulfilled by pairwise matching, meanwhile, the thioglycollic acid is a reducing agent, and oxidation, esterification and other reactions of cellulose under the acidic condition can be effectively prevented, thereby preventing the selectivity of cellulose from being influenced. The decomposition effect of the dodecyl dimethyl tertiary amine or the thionyl diacetic acid on the cellulose macromolecules is weak, and the dodecyl dimethyl tertiary amine or the thionyl diacetic acid is compounded, so that the decomposition effect of the modifier on the cellulose macromolecules is greatly improved.
Test example 2
The content of nitrate nitrogen in the green environment-friendly compound fertilizer prepared in the example is measured, and specific results are shown in Table 2 by referring to GB/T3597-2002 method for measuring the weight of nitrogen reagent for measuring the content of nitrate nitrogen in the fertilizer.
Table 2: nitrate nitrogen content table, unit: mg.kg -1
As can be seen from Table 2, the green environment-friendly compound fertilizers prepared in examples 1 to 5 contain little nitrate nitrogen, and compared with the conventional inorganic fertilizer for generating nitrate nitrogen, the green environment-friendly compound fertilizer has little damage to soil, does not influence the ecological environment of the soil, and causes conditions of unbalanced microorganisms in the soil, soil acidification, soil hardening and the like. The organic base material prepared from the wheat straw is mixed with polyglutamic acid, active carbon and a nitrification inhibitor, so that the damage of the inorganic fertilizer to soil can be reduced to the greatest extent, and meanwhile, the organic base material has the functions of reducing the ground evaporation capacity of soil water to a certain extent and keeping the water storage capacity of a plough layer.
Test example 3
Test soil: the Taizhou market identifies the lake and the country, the test land, the fertility is medium;
test fertilizer: the green environment-friendly compound fertilizer prepared in the embodiment;
test crop: rice (Zhongzao 39)
The test method comprises the following steps: adopting random area arrangement, setting 5 cells, cell area is 200m 2 The green and environment-friendly compound fertilizer prepared in examples 1-5 is respectively applied. The treatment is as follows: conventional fertilization (200 kg/mu) +1 application;
the conventional fertilization is that the green environment-friendly compound fertilizer prepared in the embodiment is applied to each mu of base, and 5kg of urea is tracked 5 months and 5 days; the fertilizer is sprayed once in the tillering stage (5 months and 15 days), the booting stage (5 months and 25 days) and the grouting stage (6 months and 15 days), and the dosage of the fertilizer is 6.2g of the fertilizer and 2kg of water are added. Early rice is transplanted in the period of 4 months and 25 days, 1.6 ten thousand plants are harvested in each mu and 7 months and 25 days.
Table 3: the yield per mu of rice, unit: kg/mu
| Yield per mu | |
| Example 1 | 480.2 |
| Example 2 | 491.6 |
| Example 3 | 520.5 |
| Example 4 | 514.2 |
| Example 5 | 512.8 |
As can be seen from table 3, the green environment-friendly compound fertilizer prepared in example 3 was applied, the acre yield was highest, and the acre yield was improved by 8.4% compared with the green environment-friendly compound fertilizer test field prepared in example 1; compared with the green environment-friendly compound fertilizer test field prepared in the embodiment 2, the per mu yield is improved by 5.5%. The organic base material prepared by the three steps of modification, enzymolysis and fermentation is more beneficial to the growth of rice, and the superiority of cellulose enzymolysis and fermentation is shown. Example 3 has slightly better acre yield than example 4 and example 5, which shows that dodecyl dimethyl tertiary amine and thiodiglycolic acid, one broken intermolecular hydrogen bond and one broken intramolecular hydrogen bond cooperate with each other, which is very favorable for the subsequent enzymolysis of cellulose, and the cellulose degradation rate is greatly improved.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the green environment-friendly compound fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps of: mixing the organic base material, the inorganic base material, the polyglutamic acid, the activated carbon and the nitrification inhibitor to obtain a mixture; extruding the mixture into particles, and drying to obtain the green environment-friendly compound fertilizer.
2. The preparation method of the green environment-friendly compound fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
mixing 75-85 parts by weight of organic base material, 10-20 parts by weight of inorganic base material, 0.5-1 part by weight of polyglutamic acid, 3-4 parts by weight of activated carbon and 0.5-1 part by weight of nitrification inhibitor, and stirring at a rotating speed of 100-200r/min for 10-20min to obtain a mixture;
n2 extrudes the mixture prepared in the step N1 into 0.5-1mm particles, and dries the particles until the water content is 2% -5%, so that the green environment-friendly compound fertilizer is obtained.
3. The preparation method of the green environment-friendly compound fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the inorganic base material is formed by mixing (5-8): 1-2 by mass ratio of urea, potassium oxalate and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer.
4. The preparation method of the green environment-friendly compound fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the nitrification inhibitor is formed by mixing dicyandiamide and 3, 4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole dihydrogen phosphate according to the mass ratio of (1-2).
5. The method for preparing the green environment-friendly compound fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the method for preparing the organic base material comprises the following steps: crushing wheat straw, modifying, carrying out enzymolysis, fermenting, and finally drying and sterilizing to obtain the organic base material.
6. The method for preparing the green environment-friendly compound fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the method for preparing the organic base material comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning wheat straw, crushing to about 1mm, and airing at room temperature to obtain wheat straw powder;
s2, mixing the wheat straw powder prepared in the step S1, a modifier and water according to the mass ratio of (15-25) (5-15) (64-75), stirring for 30-60min at the speed of 120-200r/min at the temperature of 50-70 ℃, simultaneously assisting in ultrasonic treatment, wherein the ultrasonic power is 500-800W, the frequency is 40-60kHz, filtering to obtain precipitate, and drying to obtain modified wheat straw;
s3, mixing the modified wheat straw, the enzyme preparation, the citric acid and the water which are prepared in the step S2 according to the mass ratio of (25-35), (0.1-0.5), (3-5) and (60-70), stirring for 20-40min at the speed of 60-90r/min at the temperature of 30-50 ℃, standing for enzymolysis for 4-6h, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the enzymolysis wheat straw powder;
s4, mixing the enzymolysis wheat straw powder, zymophyte and water (35-45) (0.1-0.5) (55-65) obtained in the step S3 according to the mass ratio, stirring for 10-20min at the rotating speed of 120-200r/min, and standing for fermenting for 10-20 days to obtain the fermented wheat straw powder;
s5, drying the fermented wheat straw powder prepared in the step S4 at 80-100 ℃ until the water content is 20-30%, and then performing ultraviolet sterilization treatment to obtain the organic base material, wherein the ultraviolet wavelength is 250-260nm, and the irradiation intensity is 400-600J/m 2 The irradiation time is 20-30min.
7. The method for preparing the environment-friendly compound fertilizer according to claim 6, wherein the modifier is one or two of thionyl diacetic acid and dodecyl dimethyl tertiary amine.
8. The method for preparing the environment-friendly compound fertilizer according to claim 6, wherein the enzyme preparation is prepared by mixing (4-6): 1-2): 5-7 by mass ratio of cellulase, hemicellulase and lignin decomposing enzyme.
9. The method for preparing the environment-friendly compound fertilizer according to claim 6, wherein the zymophyte is prepared by mixing trichoderma reesei, phanerochaete chrysosporium and bacillus subtilis according to the mass ratio of (1-2) to (3-5).
10. A green environment-friendly compound fertilizer, which is characterized by being prepared by the preparation method of the green environment-friendly compound fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-9.
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Citations (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101717296A (en) * | 2009-12-11 | 2010-06-02 | 闫虎成 | Green nutritional compound fertilizer and method for preparing same |
| CN106755189A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-05-31 | 广东工业大学 | It is a kind of to pre-process to improve the green method of rice straw cellulase solution efficiency using two kinds of depth congruent melting solvent substeps |
| CN110903128A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-03-24 | 青岛九天智慧农业集团有限公司 | Rice straw organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN112321361A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-05 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Synergistic stable nitrogenous fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101717296A (en) * | 2009-12-11 | 2010-06-02 | 闫虎成 | Green nutritional compound fertilizer and method for preparing same |
| CN106755189A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-05-31 | 广东工业大学 | It is a kind of to pre-process to improve the green method of rice straw cellulase solution efficiency using two kinds of depth congruent melting solvent substeps |
| CN110903128A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-03-24 | 青岛九天智慧农业集团有限公司 | Rice straw organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN112321361A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-05 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Synergistic stable nitrogenous fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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