CN114158450A - Overground and underground combined control method for sugarcane ratoon yellowing - Google Patents
Overground and underground combined control method for sugarcane ratoon yellowing Download PDFInfo
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- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 14
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/55—Sugar cane
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an overground and underground combined control method for sugarcane ratoon yellowing, which takes farmyard manure and compound microbial fertilizer as base fertilizer in sugarcane seedling stage, and adopts high-potassium compound fertilizer, compound microbial fertilizer and special sugarcane leaf fertilizer as additional fertilizer in tillering stage and elongation stage; the compound microbial fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight; 100-150 parts of molasses, 20-30 parts of vinasse, 10-30 parts of peanut meal, 30-50 parts of aquatic plants, 10-30 parts of fulvic acid, 5-10 parts of amino acid, 10-25 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1-3 parts of microbial agent. According to the invention, the compound microbial fertilizer and the farmyard manure are applied in a scattering way to condition soil and provide organic nutrients, the high-potassium compound fertilizer is combined with the compound microbial fertilizer and the special leaf fertilizer for the sugarcane in the tillering stage and the elongation stage, so that the nutrients and the fertilizer efficiency of the fertilizer can be improved, the soil components and the soil structure are improved, the fertilizer nutrients are combined, the overground and underground combined control is realized, the prevention and control effect of the sugarcane yellowing is obvious, the effect of treating symptoms and root causes is achieved, and the yield and the quality of the sugarcane are obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sugarcane planting, in particular to an overground and underground combined control method for sugarcane ratoon yellowing.
Background
Sugarcane is a temperate zone and tropical crop, is an important sugar economic crop in southern areas of China, and is widely planted in areas such as Guangxi, Guangdong Fujian and the like of China. In the planting process of the sugarcane, plant diseases and insect pests can seriously hinder the growth of the sugarcane, wherein the sugarcane seedling yellowing disease is a worldwide sugarcane disease which seriously harms the growth of the sugarcane, the morbidity is very high, and the sugarcane seedling yellowing disease is quite common and serious in various sugarcane planting areas in China, so that the yield of the sugarcane is reduced, and the quality of the sugarcane is poor. Therefore, how to prevent and control sugarcane yellowing has important research significance on improving the yield and quality of sugarcane.
Sugarcane yellowing is mainly divided into physiological yellowing disease and pathological yellowing disease, the physiological yellowing disease is caused by excessive deficiency of nutrients and mainly iron-deficiency yellowing; pathological yellows are infectious diseases caused by mycoplasmas. At present, the method for preventing and treating the sugarcane yellowing is mainly realized by improving the nutrients of the fertilizer and spraying a foliar fertilizer, but the prevention and treatment effect is not obvious, and the solution of radical treatment cannot be achieved. At present, the method for radically treating the sugarcane yellowing needs to be realized by combining the modes of improving soil components, soil structures and the like, as well as improving nutrient components.
The above background disclosure is only for the purpose of assisting understanding of the inventive concept and technical solutions of the present invention, and does not necessarily belong to the prior art of the present patent application, and should not be used for evaluating the novelty and inventive step of the present application in the case that there is no clear evidence that the above content is disclosed at the filing date of the present patent application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an overground and underground combined control method for sugarcane ratoon yellowing, aiming at the problems of the prior control method for sugarcane yellowing. The method of the invention can improve the nutrient of the fertilizer and the fertilizer efficiency by applying the compound microbial fertilizer and the farmyard manure to condition the soil and provide organic nutrients, and the sugarcane tillering stage and the elongation stage adopt the high-potassium compound fertilizer combined with the compound microbial fertilizer and the special foliar fertilizer for the sugarcane to be matched, and the method of the overground and underground combined prevention and control can be realized by combining the improvement of the soil components and the soil structure and the improvement of the fertilizer nutrients, the prevention and control effect of the sugarcane yellowing is obvious, the effect of treating symptoms and root causes is achieved, and the yield and the quality of the sugarcane are obviously improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for preventing and treating perennial root yellowing of sugarcane on the ground and underground jointly uses farmyard manure and compound microbial fertilizer as base fertilizer in the seedling stage of sugarcane, and uses high-potassium compound fertilizer, compound microbial fertilizer and special leaf fertilizer for sugarcane as additional fertilizer in the tillering stage and the elongation stage;
the compound microbial fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight; 100-150 parts of molasses, 20-30 parts of vinasse, 10-30 parts of peanut meal, 30-50 parts of aquatic plants, 10-30 parts of fulvic acid, 5-10 parts of amino acid, 10-25 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1-3 parts of microbial agent;
the leaf fertilizer special for the sugarcane comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 400-600 parts of molasses fermentation liquid, 80-150 parts of urea ammonia nitrate liquid, 50-100 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5-10 parts of ferrous sulfate, 300 parts of functional biological agent, 80-120 parts of polyglutamic acid, 80-20 parts of EDTA-Fe10, 1-3 parts of EDTA-Zn, 0.5-2 parts of EDTA-Cu0.5, 1-3 parts of sodium borate tetrahydrate and 3-8 parts of sodium silicate.
The scheme of the invention is further optimized as follows: the microbial agent in the compound microbial fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1-3 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 1-3 parts of microzyme, 3-5 parts of potassium bacteria and 0.5-2 parts of marine bacillus.
The scheme of the invention is further optimized as follows: the functional biological agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of bacillus subtilis, 3-5 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 1-3 parts of lactic acid bacteria and 0.5-1 part of aspergillus oryzae.
The scheme of the invention is further optimized as follows: the aquatic plant comprises water hyacinth, spirulina, chlorella or foxtail algae.
The scheme of the invention is further optimized as follows: the farmyard manure comprises chicken manure, pig manure, cow manure, biogas residue and bagasse.
The scheme of the invention is further optimized as follows: the high-potassium compound fertilizer contains more than or equal to 13.5 percent of N and K2O≥46%。
The scheme of the invention is further optimized as follows: the control method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, uniformly mixing farmyard manure with the use amount of 500 plus 1000 kg/mu and the compound microbial fertilizer of 20-30 kg/mu, broadcasting the mixture in a sugarcane field, carrying out rotary tillage, and planting sugarcane seedlings after ditching;
s2, spraying a special leaf fertilizer for the sugarcane at the dosage of 80-100 g/mu when the sugarcane seedlings grow to the seedling stage;
s3, after the sugarcane begins to develop tillering, spreading the compound microbial fertilizer on the sugarcane field according to the dosage of 10-15 kg/mu and the high-potassium compound fertilizer according to the dosage of 8-10 kg/mu, and spraying the special leaf fertilizer for the sugarcane at the dosage of 150-200 g/mu;
s4, spraying a special leaf fertilizer for the sugarcane every other month at the rate of 150-200 g/mu when the sugarcane enters the elongation stage, and broadcasting the compound microbial fertilizer on the sugarcane field according to the dosage of 15-20 kg/mu and 5-10 kg/mu when the sugarcane grows to the middle stage;
s5, spreading the compound microbial fertilizer at the dosage of 5-10 kg/mu in two months before the mature period of the sugarcane.
The scheme of the invention is further optimized as follows: and in the elongation period, the monopotassium phosphate is diluted by 30-50 times with water according to the proportion of 150-.
The scheme of the invention is further optimized as follows: the special leaf fertilizer for the sugarcane and water are diluted by 500 times of 250-.
The scheme of the invention is further optimized as follows: in step S1, if the perennial sugarcane is planted, the compound microbial fertilizer is applied in holes with the dosage of 20-30 kg/mu.
The scheme of the invention is further optimized as follows: the compound microbial fertilizer is prepared by fermenting molasses, vinasse, peanut meal and aquatic plants with a microbial agent for 10-15 days, uniformly mixing with fulvic acid, amino acid and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and granulating.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. according to the method, the compound microbial fertilizer and the farmyard manure are applied in a scattering manner to condition soil and provide organic nutrients, the high-potassium compound fertilizer, the compound microbial fertilizer and the special leaf fertilizer for the sugarcane are adopted in the tillering stage and the elongation stage to be matched, the nutrients of the fertilizer can be improved, the fertilizer efficiency can be improved, the soil components and the soil structure are improved, the fertilizer nutrients are improved, the overground and underground combined control is realized, the effect of treating symptoms and root causes of the sugarcane is remarkable, and the yield and the quality of the sugarcane are obviously improved.
2. The leaf fertilizer special for the sugarcane is rich in high water-soluble organic carbon, humic acid, a large number of functional biological bacteria and medium and trace elements, can promote the sugarcane to effectively absorb nutrition, promote growth and increase sugar, promote chlorophyll growth, improve the stress resistance of the sugarcane, and prevent the sugarcane from being lack of elements and yellowing.
3. The composite microbial fertilizer provided by the invention takes original high-quality plant protein organic matters as raw materials, is deeply fermented by biotechnology, is prepared by granulating composite crop nutrient substances, is combined by biological, organic and inorganic phases, realizes nutrient advantage complementation, meets the balanced demand of crops on various nutrient substances, is rich in water-soluble organic matters, micromolecular organic carbon, fulvic acid, amino acid and other substances, can gradually improve the soil hardening and microbial system unbalance state caused by singly using inorganic fertilizer for a long time in a sugarcane field, and gradually recovers and improves the soil fertility, and the growth environment of crop root systems tends to be good; the beneficial flora of the adopted microbial strains can promote the formation of soil granular structures and repair soil hardening, the microbial strains can fix nitrogen, dissolve phosphorus and dissolve potassium, effectively improve the absorption and utilization rate of the fertilizer, reduce the using amount of the fertilizer, degrade residual pesticides in soil, transfer, solidify and passivate heavy metals, and reduce soil pollution and residual harmful substances in soil.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
In the embodiment, pig manure and biogas residue in a weight ratio of 2:1 are used as farmyard manure. The high-potassium compound fertilizer contains more than or equal to 13.5 percent of N and K2O≥46%。
The compound microbial fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 130 parts of molasses, 28 parts of vinasse, 18 parts of peanut meal, 35 parts of water hyacinth, 25 parts of fulvic acid, 7 parts of amino acid, 26 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 3 parts of microbial agent; the microbial agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6 parts of bacillus subtilis, 2 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 1.5 parts of saccharomycetes, 4 parts of potassium bacteria and 1.5 parts of marine bacillus.
The leaf fertilizer special for the sugarcane comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 450 parts of molasses fermentation liquor, 100 parts of urea ammonia nitrate solution, 80 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 8 parts of ferrous sulfate, 300 parts of functional biological agent, 100 parts of polyglutamic acid, EDTA-Fe18 parts, EDTA-Zn2 parts, 1 part of EDTA-Cu, 2 parts of sodium borate tetrahydrate and 5 parts of sodium silicate. The functional biological agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of bacillus subtilis, 3 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 1 part of lactic acid bacteria and 1 part of aspergillus oryzae.
The test site of the embodiment is Guangxi Chong left town, the test sugarcane variety is osmanthus sugar 42, the planting density is 7800 buds per mu, and the planting period is 258 days.
An overground and underground combined control method for sugarcane ratoon yellowing, which comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing farmyard manure with the use amount of 750 kg/mu and the compound microbial fertilizer of 30 kg/mu, broadcasting the mixture in a sugarcane field, carrying out rotary tillage, and planting sugarcane seedlings after ditching;
s2, spraying a special leaf fertilizer for the sugarcane after the sugarcane seedlings grow to the seedling stage and are diluted by 500 times according to the dosage of 90 g/mu;
s3, after the sugarcane begins to develop tillering, spreading the compound microbial fertilizer on sugarcane fields according to the dosage of 13 kg/mu and 10 kg/mu of high-potassium compound fertilizer, and spraying the special leaf fertilizer for the sugarcane at 200 g/mu (diluted by 300 times);
s4, when the sugarcane enters the elongation stage, mixing 250 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate (diluted by 50 times) with 180 g/mu of sugarcane leaf surface fertilizer (diluted by 250 times) every month, spraying, and when the sugarcane grows to the middle stage, spraying the compound microbial fertilizer on the sugarcane field according to the dosage of 18 kg/mu and 7 kg/mu of high-potassium compound fertilizer;
s5, spreading the compound microbial fertilizer at the dosage of 10 kg/mu in two months before the mature period of the sugarcane.
The non-yellowing plant percentage of the sugarcane planted by the method is 97.39%, and the yield per mu is 8326 kg/mu. The same farmyard manure is applied in a broadcast manner by adopting a conventional method without using a compound microbial fertilizer and a special leaf fertilizer for the sugarcane, and when a high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied in a broadcast manner at 23 kg/mu in a tillering period of the sugarcane and 35 kg/mu in a broadcast manner in a long-term extending period, the non-yellowing plant ratio of the sugarcane is 61.23%, and the yield only reaches 6931 kg/mu.
Example 2
In the present example, chicken manure and bagasse in a weight ratio of 1:1 were used as farmyard manure. The high-potassium compound fertilizer contains more than or equal to 13.5 percent of N and K2O≥46%。
The compound microbial fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 150 parts of molasses, 25 parts of vinasse, 25 parts of peanut meal, 40 parts of watermifoil, 15 parts of fulvic acid, 8 parts of amino acid, 18 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 2 parts of microbial agent; the microbial agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1.5 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 2 parts of saccharomycetes, 5 parts of potassium bacteria and 1.5 parts of marine bacillus.
The leaf fertilizer special for the sugarcane comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 520 parts of molasses fermentation liquor, 130 parts of urea ammonia nitrate solution, 75 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 6 parts of ferrous sulfate, 280 parts of functional biological agent, 90 parts of polyglutamic acid, EDTA-Fe15 parts, EDTA-Zn1.5 parts, EDTA-Cu 2.5 parts, 2.5 parts of sodium borate tetrahydrate and 6 parts of sodium silicate. The functional biological agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4 parts of bacillus subtilis, 4 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 1.5 parts of lactic acid bacteria and 0.5 part of aspergillus oryzae.
The test site of the embodiment is Chongxiu county Daizui town in Guangxi Chongxi, the test sugarcane variety is bay sugar 55, the planting density is 7350 buds per mu, and the planting period is 245 days.
An overground and underground combined control method for sugarcane ratoon yellowing, which comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing farmyard manure with the use amount of 800 kg/mu and the compound microbial fertilizer of 25 kg/mu, broadcasting the mixture in a sugarcane field, carrying out rotary tillage, and planting sugarcane seedlings after ditching;
s2, spraying a special leaf fertilizer for the sugarcane after the sugarcane seedlings grow to the seedling stage and are diluted by 500 times according to the dosage of 100 g/mu;
s3, after the sugarcane begins to develop tillering, spreading the compound microbial fertilizer on the sugarcane field according to the dosage of 15 kg/mu and the high-potassium compound fertilizer according to the dosage of 9 kg/mu, and spraying the special leaf fertilizer for the sugarcane at 150 g/mu (diluted by 300 times);
s4, when the sugarcane enters the elongation stage, mixing 300 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate (diluted by 30 times) with 200 g/mu of sugarcane leaf fertilizer (diluted by 250 times) every month, spraying, and when the sugarcane grows to the middle stage, broadcasting the compound microbial fertilizer on the sugarcane field according to the dosage of 17 kg/mu and 8 kg/mu of high-potassium compound fertilizer;
s5, spreading the compound microbial fertilizer at the dosage of 8.5 kg/mu in two months before the mature period of the sugarcane.
The non-yellowing plant number of the sugarcane planted by the method accounts for 92.35%, and the yield per mu is 8762.50 kg/mu. The same farmyard manure is applied in a broadcast manner by adopting a conventional method without applying a compound microbial fertilizer and a special sugarcane leaf fertilizer, when a high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied in a broadcast manner at a rate of 24 kg/mu in a tillering period of sugarcane, the high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied in a broadcast manner at a rate of 25 kg/mu in a long-term elongation period, and the high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied in a broadcast manner at a rate of 8.5 kg/mu in two months before the mature period of sugarcane, wherein the ratio of non-yellowing strains of sugarcane is 69.27%, and the yield is only 7326.21 kg/mu.
Example 3
In the embodiment, chicken manure, cow manure and biogas residue in a weight ratio of 3:1:1 are used as farmyard manure. The content of N in the high-potassium compound fertilizer is more than or equal to 13.5 percent, and the content of K2O is more than or equal to 46 percent.
The compound microbial fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of molasses, 23 parts of vinasse, 22 parts of peanut meal, 40 parts of water hyacinth, 25 parts of fulvic acid, 6 parts of amino acid, 18 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 2 parts of microbial agent; the microbial agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 7 parts of bacillus subtilis, 3 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 3 parts of saccharomycetes, 5 parts of potassium bacteria and 2 parts of marine bacillus.
The leaf fertilizer special for the sugarcane comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 550 parts of molasses fermentation liquor, 130 parts of urea ammonia nitrate solution, 70 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 7 parts of ferrous sulfate, 250 parts of functional biological agent, 90 parts of polyglutamic acid, 25 parts of EDTA-Fe, 3 parts of EDTA-Zn, 1.5 parts of EDTA-Cu, 2.5 parts of sodium borate tetrahydrate and 6 parts of sodium silicate. The functional biological agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4 parts of bacillus subtilis, 3 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 2 parts of lactic acid bacteria and 1 part of aspergillus oryzae.
The test site of the present example is Guangxi Nanning city \37013;, Ningdistrict Baiji county, the test sugarcane variety is osmanthus sugar 42, the planting density is 7600 buds per mu, and the planting period is 262 days.
An overground and underground combined control method for sugarcane ratoon yellowing, which comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing farmyard manure with the amount of 600 kg/mu and the compound microbial fertilizer of 23 kg/mu, broadcasting the mixture in a sugarcane field, carrying out rotary tillage, and planting sugarcane seedlings after ditching;
s2, spraying a special leaf fertilizer for the sugarcane after the sugarcane seedlings grow to the seedling stage and are diluted by 500 times according to the dosage of 100 g/mu;
s3, after the sugarcane begins to develop tillering, spreading the compound microbial fertilizer on the sugarcane field according to the dosage of 12.5 kg/mu and the high-potassium compound fertilizer according to the dosage of 9.5 kg/mu, and spraying the special leaf fertilizer for the sugarcane at 180 g/mu (diluted by 250 times);
s4, when the sugarcane enters the elongation stage, mixing 300 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate (diluted by 30 times) with 200 g/mu of sugarcane leaf fertilizer (diluted by 200 times) every month, and then spraying, and when the sugarcane grows to the middle stage, spraying the compound microbial fertilizer on the sugarcane field according to the dosage of 16 kg/mu and the high-potassium compound fertilizer according to the dosage of 9 kg/mu;
s5, spreading the compound microbial fertilizer at the dosage of 9 kg/mu in two months before the mature period of the sugarcane.
The non-yellowing plant percentage of the sugarcane planted by the method is 89.24 percent, and the yield per mu is 7912.03 kg/mu. The same farmyard manure is applied in a broadcasting way by adopting a conventional method without using a compound microbial fertilizer and a special sugarcane leaf fertilizer, 22 kg/mu of high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied in a tillering stage of the sugarcane, 25kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied in each mu of the sugarcane in a long-term extending stage, 9 kg/mu of high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied in the first two months of the mature period of the sugarcane, the ratio of non-yellowing plants of the sugarcane is 51.26%, and the yield only reaches 6518.60 kg/mu.
Example 4
The test site of the embodiment is Guangxi Chong left city Jiangzhou, and the variety is 2-year perennial sugarcane with osmanthus sugar No. 42.
The compound microbial fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 130 parts of molasses, 28 parts of vinasse, 18 parts of peanut meal, 35 parts of water hyacinth, 25 parts of fulvic acid, 7 parts of amino acid, 26 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 3 parts of microbial agent; the microbial agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6 parts of bacillus subtilis, 2 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 1.5 parts of saccharomycetes, 4 parts of potassium bacteria and 1.5 parts of marine bacillus.
The leaf fertilizer special for the sugarcane comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 450 parts of molasses fermentation liquor, 100 parts of urea ammonia nitrate solution, 80 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10 parts of ferrous sulfate, 300 parts of functional biological agent, 100 parts of polyglutamic acid, EDTA-Fe18 parts, EDTA-Zn2 parts, EDTA-Cu1 parts, 2 parts of sodium borate tetrahydrate and 5 parts of sodium silicate. The functional biological agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of bacillus subtilis, 3 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 1 part of lactic acid bacteria and 1 part of aspergillus oryzae.
An overground and underground combined control method for sugarcane ratoon yellowing, which comprises the following steps:
s1, cutting down the sugarcane in the previous year, crushing the sugarcane leaves, and performing hole application of the compound microorganisms with the dosage of 28 kg/mu in rainy days;
s2, spraying a special leaf fertilizer for the sugarcane after the sugarcane seedlings grow to the seedling stage and are diluted by 500 times according to the dosage of 100 g/mu;
s3, after the sugarcane begins to develop tillering, spreading the compound microbial fertilizer on the sugarcane field according to the dosage of 15 kg/mu and the high-potassium compound fertilizer according to the dosage of 9 kg/mu, and spraying the special leaf fertilizer for the sugarcane at 150 g/mu (diluted by 300 times);
s4, spraying after mixing monopotassium phosphate (diluted by 30 times) and sugarcane leaf fertilizer 200 g/mu (diluted by 250 times) every month when the sugarcane enters the elongation stage, and broadcasting the compound microbial fertilizer on the sugarcane field according to the dosage of 15 kg/mu and high-potassium compound fertilizer according to the dosage of 10 kg/mu when the sugarcane grows to the middle stage;
s5, spreading the compound microbial fertilizer at the dosage of 7 kg/mu in two months before the mature period of the sugarcane.
The non-yellowing plant percentage of the sugarcane planted by the method is 86.27 percent, and the yield per mu is 7218.95 kg/mu. The conventional method is adopted without using compound microbial fertilizer and special leaf fertilizer for sugarcane, and after the sugarcane is tillered, high-potassium compound fertilizer is broadcast at 24 kg/mu, the high-potassium compound fertilizer is broadcast at 25 kg/mu for the elongation period, and the high-potassium compound fertilizer is broadcast at 7 kg/mu for two months before the mature period of the sugarcane, the non-yellowing plant ratio of the sugarcane is 31.26%, and the yield only reaches 6124.93 kg/mu.
Example 5
The test site of the embodiment is Nanyang Zhen of Qingxiu district of south Xinjiang Guangxi Nanning city, and the variety is 3-year-old perennial sugarcane No. 93-159 of Guangdong sugar.
The compound microbial fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of molasses, 23 parts of vinasse, 22 parts of peanut meal, 40 parts of water hyacinth, 25 parts of fulvic acid, 6 parts of amino acid, 18 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 2 parts of microbial agent; the microbial agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 7 parts of bacillus subtilis, 3 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 3 parts of saccharomycetes, 5 parts of potassium bacteria and 2 parts of marine bacillus.
The leaf fertilizer special for the sugarcane comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 550 parts of molasses fermentation liquor, 130 parts of urea ammonia nitrate solution, 70 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 8.5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 250 parts of functional biological agent, 90 parts of polyglutamic acid, 25 parts of EDTA-Fe, 3 parts of EDTA-Zn, 1.5 parts of EDTA-Cu, 2.5 parts of sodium borate tetrahydrate and 6 parts of sodium silicate. The functional biological agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4 parts of bacillus subtilis, 3 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 2 parts of lactic acid bacteria and 1 part of aspergillus oryzae.
An overground and underground combined control method for sugarcane ratoon yellowing, which comprises the following steps:
s1, chopping sugarcane in the last year, crushing sugarcane leaves, and performing hole application of compound microorganisms at a dosage of 30 kg/mu;
s2, spraying a special leaf fertilizer for the sugarcane after the sugarcane seedlings grow to the seedling stage and are diluted by 500 times according to the dosage of 80 g/mu;
s3, after the sugarcane begins to develop tillering, spreading the compound microbial fertilizer on sugarcane fields according to the dosage of 13 kg/mu and 10 kg/mu of high-potassium compound fertilizer, and spraying the special leaf fertilizer for the sugarcane at 200 g/mu (diluted by 300 times);
s4, when the sugarcane enters the elongation stage, mixing 250 g/mu (diluted by 250 times) of monopotassium phosphate (diluted by 30 times) with 250 g/mu (diluted by 250 times) of sugarcane leaf surface fertilizer every month, and then spraying the mixture, and when the sugarcane grows to the middle stage, spraying the compound microbial fertilizer on the sugarcane field according to the dosage of 18 kg/mu and 9 kg/mu of high-potassium compound fertilizer;
s5, spreading the compound microbial fertilizer at the dosage of 8 kg/mu in two months before the mature period of the sugarcane.
The non-yellowing plant number of the sugarcane planted by the method accounts for 83.83%, and the yield per mu is 7618.29 kg/mu. The conventional method is adopted without using compound microbial fertilizer and special leaf fertilizer for sugarcane, high-potassium compound fertilizer is broadcast at 23 kg/mu in the tillering stage of sugarcane, high-potassium compound fertilizer is broadcast at 27 kg/mu in the elongation stage, high-potassium compound fertilizer is broadcast at 4 kg/mu in two months before the mature period of sugarcane, the ratio of the number of non-yellowing plants of sugarcane to the number of the non-yellowing plants of sugarcane is 46.20%, and the yield is only 6662.70 kg/mu.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific/preferred embodiments and is not intended to limit the practice of the invention to those descriptions. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various substitutions and modifications can be made to the described embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, and such substitutions and modifications are to be considered as within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An overground and underground combined control method for sugarcane ratoon yellowing, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method takes farmyard manure and compound microbial fertilizer as base fertilizer in the sugarcane seedling stage, and adopts high-potassium compound fertilizer, compound microbial fertilizer and special sugarcane leaf fertilizer as additional fertilizer in the sugarcane tillering stage and the elongation stage;
the compound microbial fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight; 100-150 parts of molasses, 20-30 parts of vinasse, 10-30 parts of peanut meal, 30-50 parts of aquatic plants, 10-30 parts of fulvic acid, 5-10 parts of amino acid, 10-25 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1-3 parts of microbial agent;
the leaf fertilizer special for the sugarcane comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 400-600 parts of molasses fermentation liquid, 80-150 parts of urea ammonia nitrate liquid, 50-100 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5-10 parts of ferrous sulfate, 300 parts of functional biological agent, 80-120 parts of polyglutamic acid, 0-20 parts of EDTA-Fe10, 1-3 parts of EDTA-Zn, 0.5-2 parts of EDTA-Cu, 1-3 parts of sodium borate tetrahydrate and 3-8 parts of sodium silicate.
2. The method for the above-ground and underground combined control of sugarcane ratoon yellowing according to claim 1, wherein: the microbial agent in the compound microbial fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1-3 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 1-3 parts of microzyme, 3-5 parts of potassium bacteria and 0.5-2 parts of marine bacillus.
3. The method for the above-ground and underground combined control of sugarcane ratoon yellowing according to claim 1, wherein: the functional biological agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of bacillus subtilis, 3-5 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 1-3 parts of lactic acid bacteria and 0.5-1 part of aspergillus oryzae.
4. The method for the above-ground and underground combined control of sugarcane ratoon yellowing according to claim 1, wherein: the aquatic plant comprises water hyacinth, spirulina, chlorella or foxtail algae.
5. The method for the above-ground and underground combined control of sugarcane ratoon yellowing according to claim 1, wherein: the farmyard manure comprises chicken manure, pig manure, cow manure, biogas residue and bagasse.
6. The method for the above-ground and underground combined control of sugarcane ratoon yellowing according to claim 1, wherein: the high-potassium compound fertilizer contains more than or equal to 13.5 percent of N and K2O≥46%。
7. The method for the above-ground and underground combined control of sugarcane ratoon yellowing according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the control method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, uniformly mixing farmyard manure with the use amount of 500 plus 1000 kg/mu and the compound microbial fertilizer of 20-30 kg/mu, broadcasting the mixture in a sugarcane field, carrying out rotary tillage, and planting sugarcane seedlings after ditching;
s2, spraying a foliar fertilizer with the dosage of 80-100 g/mu when the sugarcane seedlings grow to the seedling stage;
s3, after the sugarcane begins to develop tillering, spreading the compound microbial fertilizer on the sugarcane field according to the dosage of 10-15 kg/mu and the high-potassium compound fertilizer according to the dosage of 8-10 kg/mu, and spraying the special leaf fertilizer for the sugarcane at the dosage of 150-200 g/mu;
s4, spraying a special leaf fertilizer for the sugarcane every other month at the rate of 150-200 g/mu when the sugarcane enters the elongation stage, and broadcasting the compound microbial fertilizer on the sugarcane field according to the dosage of 15-20 kg/mu and 5-10 kg/mu when the sugarcane grows to the middle stage;
s5, spreading the compound microbial fertilizer at the dosage of 5-10 kg/mu in two months before the mature period of the sugarcane.
8. The method for the above-ground and underground combined control of sugarcane ratoon yellowing according to claim 7, wherein: in the elongation period, the monopotassium phosphate is diluted by water by 30-50 times according to the concentration of 150-; the foliar fertilizer and water are diluted by 500 times of 250 and then sprayed.
9. The method for the above-ground and underground combined control of sugarcane ratoon yellowing according to claim 7, wherein: in step S1, if the perennial sugarcane is planted, the compound microbial fertilizer is applied in holes with the dosage of 20-30 kg/mu.
10. The method for the above-ground and underground combined control of sugarcane ratoon yellowing according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: the compound microbial fertilizer is prepared by fermenting molasses, vinasse, peanut meal and aquatic plants with a microbial agent for 10-15 days, uniformly mixing with fulvic acid, amino acid and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and granulating.
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