CN114431100A - Sugarcane planting method capable of reducing weight and improving efficiency - Google Patents
Sugarcane planting method capable of reducing weight and improving efficiency Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/55—Sugar cane
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of sugarcane planting, and particularly discloses a sugarcane weight-reducing and efficiency-increasing planting method, which comprises the following steps: (1) soil preparation; (2) seed stem treatment; (3) planting sugarcane; (4) managing the field; (5) and (6) harvesting. The planting method can accelerate the early growth of the sugarcane by centralizing a proper amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the early growth stage of the sugarcane, applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and micro-fertilizer, adjusting the pH value of soil and water supply, and simultaneously adopting azotobacter liquid for seed soaking and composite microbial fertilizer as base fertilizer, so that the early growth of the sugarcane can be accelerated, the sugarcane plants can form strong root systems and strong overground stems and leaves, and the fertilizer is not applied any more in the large growth period (elongation period) after the sugarcane is closed, biological nitrogen fixation of the sugarcane is promoted, and nitrogen nutrition required by the growth of the sugarcane is provided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a sugarcane weight-reducing and efficiency-increasing planting method.
Background
Sugarcane is an important sugar and energy crop, Guangxi is the second largest sugar-producing province (region) in the world, the cultivation area of the sugarcane accounts for more than 60% of the whole country, and the nitrogen fertilizer input is about 9.3 hundred million yuan/year. The large amount of nitrogen fertilizer is added, so that the production cost of the sugarcane is increased, the production benefit of the sugarcane is reduced, and meanwhile, the ecological environment is seriously influenced. The fertilizing mode of the sugarcane is that besides base fertilizer, a 'three-attack one-supplement' topdressing method is also implemented, namely, according to the nitrogen demand in different growth periods, a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer (5-10%) is applied to attack seedlings in the seedling stage; the nitrogen application amount (10-15%) is properly increased in the tillering stage to attack tillers, nitrogen fertilizer (more than 70%) is applied again in the elongation stage to attack stems, tail strengthening fertilizer (10%) is applied additionally in the later stage to enhance the vitality, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are consumed for multiple fertilization and earthing up, so that the production cost is high. Moreover, researches prove that the utilization rate of nitrogenous fertilizer for sugarcane production in China is low (only 14.5-24.7%), most of nitrogen is volatilized, eluviated and adsorbed by soil, and a great amount of applied nitrogen is lost, so that the waste is serious, and the nitrogen enters the environment to become an important pollution factor, thereby seriously restricting the sustainable development of the sugarcane industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for planting sugarcane, which overcomes the defects of excessive fertilizer application, low utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and environmental pollution in the conventional sugarcane planting and is beneficial to the sustainable development of the sugarcane industry.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention provides a sugarcane weight-reducing and efficiency-increasing planting method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: adopting a deep scarification soil breaker to deeply scarify and break soil, wherein the scarification depth is 50-60cm, turning and pressing lime and biochar into the soil, and adjusting the pH value of the planting field to 7.0-7.5;
(2) seed stem treatment: selecting healthy sugarcane seed stems, soaking the healthy sugarcane seed stems in warm water at 50-55 ℃ for 25-35min, then soaking the healthy sugarcane seed stems in nitrogen-fixing bacteria liquid for 40-60min, and draining off water for later use;
(3) planting sugarcane: the planting density of the sugarcane is 4000-; ditching and planting according to the existing method, applying 30-50kg of compound microbial fertilizer per mu, covering a mulching film, and simultaneously spraying insect-proof medicines and weed-killing medicines to prevent weeds and insects:
(4) field management: applying nitrogen fertilizer to 3-4 true leaves of sugarcane according to soil fertility status at a rate of 10-15 kg/mu, and simultaneously applying N to P2O5:K2Applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer according to the proportion of (3-4) to (1-2) to (3-4), and covering 5-6cm of soil after applying the fertilizer; the sugarcane is not fertilized any more in the elongation period, so that sufficient water supply is ensured;
(5) harvesting: timely harvesting the mature sugarcane, and stripping leaves for 1-2 times before harvesting the sugarcane.
Preferably, in the step (1), the weight ratio of the lime to the biochar in the step (1) is (1-2): (3-4).
Preferably, in the step (1), the biochar is humic acid-loaded biochar. The existing method is adopted to load the biological carbon with humic acid, and the modified biological carbon can also be purchased.
Preferably, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria liquid are 2 nitrogen-fixing strains A01 and L03 separated from root systems of a sugarcane variety, namely, the No. 28 sweet sugar, and A01 and L03 belong to Klebsiella planticola and Klebsiella oxytoca respectively.
Preferably, the preparation method of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria liquid comprises the following steps:
s1: taking out 2 decibels of azotobacter from refrigerator, adding peptone of 0.4g/L
Repeatedly streak-culturing on solid culture medium for 5-6 times to recover activity;
s2: the determination of the azotase activity by acetylene reduction method is transferred to
Culturing in liquid culture medium at 30-33 deg.C and 120rpm/min until OD600 is 0.7-0.9,
s3: mixing the A01 and the L03 obtained by the culture in the step S2 according to the weight ratio of 1:1 to obtain a mixed solution, adding 0.5-1% of seaweed extract, 0.5-1.2% of fulvic acid, 0.5-1% of rhamnolipid, 0.03-0.05% of ferrous sulfate, 0.02-0.05% of molybdic acid and 0.006-0.01% of sodium naphthylacetate, and uniformly mixing to obtain the azotobacter liquid.
Preferably, in the step (3), the compound microbial fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-150 parts of molasses, 20-30 parts of vinasse, 10-30 parts of peanut meal, 30-50 parts of spirulina, 10-30 parts of fulvic acid, 5-10 parts of amino acid, 10-25 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1-3 parts of microbial agent.
Preferably, the microbial agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1-3 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 1-3 parts of microzyme, 3-5 parts of potassium bacteria and 0.5-2 parts of marine bacillus.
Preferably, in the step (3), the insect-proof drug is 10% of clothianidin or 40% of bromothalonil-thiamethoxam suspension; the herbicide is at least one of atrazine, acetochlor and diuron.
Preferably, in the step (4), the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer are applied simultaneously, and the trace element fertilizer is chelated with trace elements such as iron, zinc and the like.
Preferably, in the step (4), the ensuring of sufficient moisture supply means: and keeping the water capacity of the soil in the field within 60-80% within 30cm of the surface layer of the soil in the seedling stage.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the planting method can accelerate the early growth of the sugarcane by centralizing a proper amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the early growth stage of the sugarcane, applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and micro-fertilizer, adjusting the pH value of soil, water supply and the like, so that the sugarcane plants form strong root systems and robust overground stems and leaves, the sugarcane is closed as early as possible, and no fertilizer is applied in the large growth period (elongation period) after the sugarcane is closed, so that the biological nitrogen fixation of the sugarcane is promoted, and the nitrogen nutrition required by the growth of the sugarcane is provided.
2. The sugarcane seed stems of the planting method are soaked in the synergistic azotobacter liquid, and the compound microbial fertilizer is applied, so that the nitrogen metabolism index of the sugarcane can be improved, and the nitrogen fixation capacity of the sugarcane can be improved. The nitrogen-fixing bacteria liquid is added with seaweed extract, fulvic acid, trace elements and other components, so that the nitrogen-fixing enzyme activity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in sugarcane bodies can be enhanced, the rhamnolipid can adjust the surface tension of seed stems and promote the absorption of the seed stems, the sodium naphthalene acetate can promote the growth of the sugarcane seed stems and promote the absorption of the sugarcane seed stems on nitrogen, and the application of chemical fertilizers is reduced by improving the biological nitrogen fixation of the sugarcane.
3. The compound microbial fertilizer for the planting method is prepared by taking original organic matters of high-quality plant protein as raw materials and performing deep fermentation by biotechnology, combines biological, organic and inorganic phases, realizes nutrient advantage complementation and meets the balanced demand of crops on various nutrient substances, and the fertilizer is rich in water-soluble organic matters, micromolecular organic carbon, fulvic acid, amino acid and other substances, can gradually improve the soil hardening and microbial system unbalance state caused by singly using inorganic fertilizer for a long time in sugarcane fields, so that the soil fertility is gradually recovered and improved, and the growing environment of the root system of the crops tends to be good; the beneficial flora of the adopted microbial strains can promote the formation of soil granular structures and repair soil hardening, the microbial strains can fix nitrogen, dissolve phosphorus and dissolve potassium, effectively improve the absorption and utilization rate of the fertilizer, reduce the using amount of the fertilizer, degrade residual pesticides in soil, transfer, solidify and passivate heavy metals, and reduce soil pollution and residual harmful substances in soil.
4. The planting method reduces the application of chemical fertilizer through biological nitrogen fixation of the sugarcane, ensures the yield of the sugarcane, simultaneously reduces the application of the chemical fertilizer, reduces the cost of artificial fertilization of the fertilizer, reduces the production cost of the sugarcane, reduces the environmental pollution to the sugarcane by improving the rate of utilization of the fertilizer, and is favorable for the sustainable development of the sugarcane industry.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is provided, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
According to the conventional experience, the growth of the sugarcane is inhibited under the condition of not applying nitrogenous fertilizer, the combined nitrogen fixation efficiency is very low, and the yield is obviously reduced; 30-50kg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied according to the prior art, the yield of the sugarcane is improved along with the increase of the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer, and the effect of the topdressing method adopting 'three attacks and one supplement' is better than that of one-time fertilization.
However, experiments of different places for many years show that when 10kg of urea is applied to each mu, different varieties of sugarcane grow well, the combined nitrogen fixation efficiency is high, and the yield is not significantly different from that when 20kg of urea is applied to each mu; the yield was slightly, but not significantly, improved when 30kg urea and 40kg urea were applied compared to 10 kg. The sugarcane planting method is further improved on the basis of earlier-stage tests.
Example 1
The test site is Guangxi Chong left city Security town, the test sugarcane variety is bay sugar 40, the planting density is 4800 buds per mu, the planting period is 245 days, and the planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: and deeply loosening and crushing the soil by adopting a deep loosening and soil crushing machine in half a month in advance, wherein the loosening depth is 50-60cm, lime and biochar are turned and pressed into the soil, and the pH value of the planting field is adjusted to be about 7.0. The fertilizer can be sprayed to prevent insects and weeds, further insect killing and weed prevention are needed, and the planting environment of the sugarcane is improved. Further, the weight ratio of the lime to the biochar is 1: 2. The biochar is purchased on the market. Lime can kill pests in soil and adjust the pH value of the soil. The biochar serving as a soil conditioner can improve soil indexes, enhance the water retention and air permeability of soil, improve the porosity of the soil and facilitate the growth of the root system of the sugarcane in the early stage.
(2) Seed stem treatment: selecting healthy sugarcane seed stems, soaking the healthy sugarcane seed stems in warm water at 50 ℃ for 30min for disinfection, then soaking the healthy sugarcane seed stems in nitrogen-fixing bacteria liquid for 50min, and draining off water for later use. The nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria liquid are 2 nitrogen-fixing bacterial strains A01 and L03 separated from a No. 28 sweet root system of a sugarcane variety, and A01 and L03 belong to Klebsiella planticola and Klebsiella oxytoca respectively.
The preparation method of the nitrogen-fixing bacterium liquid comprises the following steps:
s1: taking out 2 decibels of azotobacter from refrigerator, adding peptone of 0.4g/L
Repeatedly streak-culturing on solid culture medium for 5-6 times to recover activity;
s2: the determination of the azotase activity by acetylene reduction method is transferred to
Culturing in liquid culture medium at 30-33 deg.C and 120rpm/min until OD600 is about 0.8,
s3: mixing the A01 and the L03 obtained by the culture in the step S2 according to the weight ratio of 1:1 to obtain a mixed solution, adding 0.5% of seaweed extract, 1.2% of fulvic acid, 0.5% of rhamnolipid, 0.05% of ferric sulfite, 0.02% of molybdic acid and 0.01% of sodium naphthylacetate, and uniformly mixing to obtain the azotobacter liquid. The nitrogen-fixing bacteria liquid is added with seaweed extract, fulvic acid, trace elements and other components, so that the nitrogen-fixing enzyme activity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in sugarcane bodies can be enhanced, the rhamnolipid can adjust the surface tension of seed stems and promote the absorption of the seed stems, the sodium naphthalene acetate can promote the growth of the sugarcane seed stems and promote the absorption of the sugarcane seed stems on nitrogen, and the application of chemical fertilizers is reduced by improving the biological nitrogen fixation of the sugarcane.
(3) Planting sugarcane: according to the prior method, a sugarcane planting all-in-one machine is adopted for ditching, planting, fertilizing, mulching and spraying. The depth of the ditch is 30-40cm, 30kg of compound microbial fertilizer is applied to each mu, a mulching film is covered, and meanwhile, insect-proof medicines and weed-control medicines are sprayed to prevent weeds and insects. The compound microbial fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of molasses, 30 parts of vinasse, 10 parts of peanut meal, 50 parts of spirulina, 10 parts of fulvic acid, 10 parts of amino acid, 10 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 3 parts of microbial agent. The microbial agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of bacillus subtilis, 3 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 1 part of saccharomycete, 3 parts of potassium bacteria and 1 part of marine bacillus. The insect-proof drug can be 10% of clothianidin or 40% of bromoacyl-thiamethoxam suspension; the Chinese herbal medicine is diuron, and is used according to the dosage of the instruction.
(4) Field management: applying nitrogen fertilizer to 3-4 true leaves of sugarcane according to soil fertility status at a rate of 10 kg/mu, and simultaneously applying nitrogen fertilizer to sugarcane according to N: P ratio2O5:K2The phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is applied according to the proportion of 3:1.5:4, and the same is applied to the fertilizerMicro-fertilizer is applied in the process, and the micro-fertilizer is micro-fertilizer chelating trace elements such as iron, zinc and the like. And 5-6cm of soil is covered after fertilization, so that the sugarcane can form a strong root system. The sugarcane is not fertilized any more in the elongation period, so that sufficient water supply is ensured, namely 60-80% of the field water capacity of the soil is kept within 30cm of the surface layer of the soil in the seedling period. In the planting process of the embodiment, when the weather is long, dry and rainless, the sugarcane field is watered manually for 2 times to meet the requirement of water content.
(5) Harvesting: the sugarcane is harvested in time after being mature, and the leaves of the sugarcane are manually stripped for 1 time before being harvested. The sugarcane leaf peeling can increase the ventilation and light transmission among sugarcane rows, reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests and improve the lodging resistance of the sugarcane.
Comparative example 1
10 kg/mu of urea, phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer are applied to the planting field as base fertilizer, and the sugarcane seed stems are planted after the soil is deeply applied, and the rest method is the same as that of the example 1.
Comparative example 2
The base fertilizer adopts common animal organic fertilizer (chicken manure), no trace fertilizer is applied when urea is applied in the 3-leaf stage, and the rest method is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
Comparative example 3
Lime and charcoal are not turned over and pressed during planting, and watering is not carried out in the planting process. The rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
The sugarcane is planted and managed by adopting the method, the sugar content of the sugarcane is counted in 11 months, 12 months and 1 month, the average value is calculated, and then the sugarcane yield is counted, wherein the specific table is shown in table 1.
Table 1 yield and sugar content performance of different treated sugarcane:
| variety of sugarcane | Treatment of | Yield per mu (kg) | Sucrose (%) |
| Sweet osmanthus candy 40 | Example 1 | 6302 | 13.18 |
| Sweet osmanthus candy 40 | Comparative example 1 | 5026 | 10.26 |
| Sweet osmanthus candy 40 | Comparative example 2 | 5631 | 11.34 |
| Sweet osmanthus candy 40 | Comparative example 3 | 5272 | 12.02 |
Example 2
The test site of the embodiment is Chongxiu county Weili town of Chongxiu city in Guangxi province, the variety of the test sugarcane is osmanthus sugar 42, the planting density is 5000 buds per mu, and the planting period is 258 days.
The planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: and (3) deeply loosening and crushing soil by adopting a deep loosening and soil crushing machine, wherein the loosening depth is 50-60cm, lime and biochar are turned and pressed into the soil, and the pH value of the planting field is adjusted to be about 7.0. The weight ratio of the lime to the biochar is 2: 3. The biochar is humic acid-loaded biochar. Spraying humic acid solution into the purchased biochar, stirring, drying and standing to obtain the biochar loaded with humic acid. Of course, other existing methods can be used to modify the biochar.
(2) Seed stem treatment: selecting healthy sugarcane seed stems, soaking the healthy sugarcane seed stems in warm water at 55 ℃ for 25min, then soaking the healthy sugarcane seed stems in nitrogen-fixing bacteria liquid for 60min, and draining off water for later use. The nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria liquid are 2 nitrogen-fixing bacterial strains A01 and L03 separated from a root system of a sugarcane variety, namely, a No. 28 sweet sugar, and A01 and L03 belong to Klebsiella planticola and Klebsiella oxytoca respectively.
The preparation method of the nitrogen-fixing bacterium liquid comprises the following steps:
s1: taking out 2 decibels of azotobacter from refrigerator, adding peptone of 0.4g/L
Repeatedly streak-culturing on solid culture medium for 5-6 times to recover activity;
s2: the method is transferred to the method after the activity of the nitrogen-fixing enzyme is determined to be stable by an acetylene reduction method
Culturing in liquid culture medium at 30-33 deg.C and 120rpm/min until OD600 is 0.7-0.8,
s3: mixing the A01 and the L03 obtained by the culture in the step S2 according to the weight ratio of 1:1 to obtain a mixed solution, adding and mixing 1% of seaweed extract, 0.5% of fulvic acid, 1% of rhamnolipid, 0.04% of ferric sulfite, 0.05% of molybdic acid and 0.008% of sodium naphthalene acetate by weight, and uniformly mixing to obtain the azotobacter liquid.
(3) Planting sugarcane: ditching and planting according to the existing method, applying 50kg of compound microbial fertilizer per mu, covering a mulching film, and spraying insect-proof medicines and weed-killing medicines to prevent weeds and insects. The compound microbial fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 150 parts of molasses, 20 parts of vinasse, 30 parts of peanut meal, 30 parts of spirulina, 20 parts of fulvic acid, 5 parts of amino acid, 25 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 2 parts of microbial agent. The microbial agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1 part of bacillus licheniformis, 3 parts of saccharomycetes, 3 parts of potassium bacteria and 2 parts of marine bacillus. The insect-proof drug can be 10% clothianidin, and the herbicide is atrazine, and is used according to the dosage of the specification.
(4) Field management: applying nitrogen fertilizer to 3-4 true leaves of sugarcane according to soil fertility status at a rate of 15 kg/mu, and simultaneously applying nitrogen fertilizer to sugarcane according to N: P ratio2O5:K2And (3) applying a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and a micro-fertilizer at the same time according to the proportion of 2:1:2, wherein the micro-fertilizer is a micro-fertilizer for chelating trace elements such as iron, zinc and the like. Covering soil of 5-6cm after fertilization; the sugarcane is not fertilized any more in the elongation period, so that sufficient water supply is ensured, namely watering is carried out in due time according to weather conditions, and the water capacity of the soil in the field is kept to be 60-80% within 30cm of the surface layer of the soil in the seedling period.
(5) Harvesting: the sugarcane is harvested in time after being mature, and the leaves of the sugarcane are stripped for 2 times before being harvested.
Comparative example 4
The same procedure as in example 2 was followed except that 10 kg/mu of urea was applied in the leaf stage and 15 kg/mu of monopotassium phosphate was applied in the elongation stage.
Comparative example 5
The sugarcane seed stems were not soaked with the azotobacter solution, and the rest of the method was the same as that of example 2.
The sugarcane is planted and managed by adopting the method, the sugar content of the sugarcane is counted in 11 months, 12 months and 1 month, the average value is calculated, and then the sugarcane yield is counted, wherein the method is specifically shown in table 2.
Table 2 yield and sugar performance of different treated sugarcane:
| variety of sugarcane | Treatment of | Yield per mu (kg) | Sucrose (%) |
| Sweet osmanthus 42 | Example 2 | 6435 | 14.57 |
| Sweet osmanthus 42 | Comparative example 4 | 4626 | 11.26 |
| Sweet osmanthus 42 | Comparative example 5 | 5372 | 12.36 |
Example 3
The test site of the present embodiment is \37013inGuangxi Nanning city, Baiji county in Ningdistrict, the test sugarcane variety is cinnabar 46, the planting density is 6000 buds per mu, and the planting period is 262 days. The planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: and (3) deeply loosening and crushing soil by adopting a deep loosening and soil crushing machine, wherein the loosening depth is 50-60cm, lime and biochar are turned and pressed into the soil, and the pH value of the planting field is adjusted to be about 7.2. The weight ratio of the lime to the biochar is 1: 3. The biochar is purchased modified biochar.
(2) Seed stem treatment: selecting healthy sugarcane seed stems, soaking the healthy sugarcane seed stems in warm water at 55 ℃ for 25min, then soaking the healthy sugarcane seed stems in nitrogen-fixing bacteria liquid for 60min, and draining off water for later use. The nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria liquid are 2 nitrogen-fixing bacterial strains A01 and L03 separated from a root system of a sugarcane variety, namely, a No. 28 sweet sugar, and A01 and L03 belong to Klebsiella planticola and Klebsiella oxytoca respectively.
The preparation method of the nitrogen-fixing bacterium liquid comprises the following steps:
s1: taking out 2 decibels of azotobacter from refrigerator, adding peptone of 0.4g/L
Repeatedly streak-culturing on solid culture medium for 5-6 times to recover activity;
s2: the determination of the azotase activity by acetylene reduction method is transferred to
Culturing in liquid culture medium at 30-33 deg.C and 120rpm/min until OD600 is 0.7,
s3: and (3) mixing the A01 and the L03 obtained by the culture in the step S2 according to the weight ratio of 1:1 to obtain a mixed solution, adding 1% of seaweed extract, 1.2% of fulvic acid, 1% of rhamnolipid, 0.05% of ferric sulfite, 0.05% of molybdic acid and 0.01% of sodium naphthylacetate, and uniformly mixing to obtain the azotobacter liquid.
(3) Planting sugarcane: ditching and planting according to the prior method, wherein the depth of the ditch is 30-40cm, 30-50kg of compound microbial fertilizer is applied per mu, a mulching film is covered, and meanwhile, insect-proof medicines and weed-control medicines are sprayed to prevent weeds and insects. The compound microbial fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 120 parts of molasses, 30 parts of vinasse, 1200 parts of peanut meal, 30 parts of spirulina, 30 parts of fulvic acid, 5 parts of amino acid, 25 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 3 parts of microbial agent. The microbial agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1 part of bacillus licheniformis, 3 parts of saccharomycetes, 4 parts of potassium bacteria and 1 part of marine bacillus. The insect-proof drug can be 40% of bromoacyl-thiamethoxam suspension; the herbicide is prepared by mixing atrazine and acetochlor according to the ratio of 1:1, diluting and spraying.
(4) Field management: applying nitrogen fertilizer to 3-4 true leaves of sugarcane according to soil fertility status at a rate of 13 kg/mu, and simultaneously applying nitrogen fertilizer to sugarcane according to N: P ratio2O5:K2And (3) applying a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and a micro-fertilizer simultaneously in a ratio of 4:2:3, wherein the micro-fertilizer is a micro-fertilizer chelating trace elements such as iron, zinc and the like. Covering soil of 5-6cm after fertilization; the sugarcane is not fertilized any more in the elongation period, so that sufficient water supply is ensured, namely 60-80% of the field water capacity of the soil is kept within 30cm of the surface layer of the soil in the seedling period.
(5) Harvesting: the sugarcane is harvested in time after being mature, and the leaves of the sugarcane are peeled for 1 time before being harvested.
Comparative example 6
Lime and biochar are not turned over and pressed during soil preparation, insect-proof drugs are not sprayed, sugarcane seed stems are not soaked in azotobacter solution, a base fertilizer is a commercial biological organic fertilizer, and the rest methods are the same as those of the embodiment 2.
Comparative example 7
The planting field, planting variety, planting time and the like are the same as those of the embodiment 2, and a traditional planting management mode is adopted, and the method mainly comprises the following steps: only deep loosening and soil crushing are carried out in the previous soil preparation, lime and biochar are not turned over and pressed, and the pH value of the soil is about 6. The seed stem of the sugarcane is soaked in a seed coating agent sold in the market. By adopting a 'three-attack one-supplement' fertilization method, 15-15-15 kg of compound fertilizer is applied when the sugarcane is planted. 15 kg/mu of compound fertilizer is applied in the tillering stage, 15 kg/mu of monopotassium phosphate is applied in the elongation stage, and tail strengthening fertilizer is applied in the later growth stage. The rest is managed by a conventional method.
The sugarcane is planted and managed by adopting the method, the sugar content of the sugarcane is counted in 11 months, 12 months and 1 month, the average value is calculated, and then the sugarcane yield is counted, wherein the method is specifically shown in table 3.
Table 3 yield and sugar content performance of different treated sugarcane:
| variety of sugarcane | Treatment of | Yield per mu (kg) | Sucrose (%) |
| Sweet osmanthus 46 | Example 3 | 6863 | 13.98 |
| Sweet osmanthus 46 | Comparative exampleExample 6 | 5896 | 12.54 |
| Sweet osmanthus 46 | Comparative example 7 | 6526 | 12.86 |
Although the yield of example 3 was almost the same as that of comparative example 7 ("triple-effect and single-supplement" fertilization method), the nitrogen fertilizer of example 3 was less than that of comparative example 7, and the fertilization was not performed in multiple steps, so that the management cost of sugarcane was reduced, and the environmental pollution was reduced.
In conclusion, the planting method can accelerate the early growth of the sugarcane by centralizing a proper amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the early growth stage of the sugarcane, applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and micro-fertilizer, adjusting the pH value of soil and supplying water, and simultaneously adopting azotobacter liquid for seed soaking and composite microbial fertilizer as base fertilizer, so that the sugarcane can form strong root systems and robust overground stems and leaves, and can not be applied any more in the large growth period (elongation period) after the sugarcane is closed, so as to promote the biological nitrogen fixation of the sugarcane and provide nitrogen nutrition required by the growth of the sugarcane.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A sugarcane weight-reducing and efficiency-increasing planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land preparation: adopting a deep scarification soil breaker to deeply scarify and break soil, wherein the scarification depth is 50-60cm, turning and pressing lime and biochar into the soil, and adjusting the pH value of the planting field to 7.0-7.5;
(2) seed stem treatment: selecting healthy sugarcane seed stems, soaking the healthy sugarcane seed stems in warm water at 50-55 ℃ for 25-35min, then soaking the healthy sugarcane seed stems in nitrogen-fixing bacteria liquid for 40-60min, and draining off water for later use;
(3) planting sugarcane: the planting density of the sugarcane is 4000-; ditching and planting according to the existing method, applying 30-50kg of compound microbial fertilizer per mu, covering a mulching film, and simultaneously spraying insect-proof medicines and weed-killing medicines to prevent weeds and insects:
(4) field management: applying nitrogen fertilizer to 3-4 true leaves of sugarcane according to soil fertility status at a rate of 10-15 kg/mu, and simultaneously applying N to P2O5:K2Applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer according to the proportion of O = (3-4) to (1-2) to (3-4), and covering 5-6cm of soil after applying the fertilizer; the sugarcane is not fertilized any more in the elongation period, so that sufficient water supply is ensured;
(5) harvesting: timely harvesting the mature sugarcane, and stripping leaves for 1-2 times before harvesting the sugarcane.
2. The sugarcane weight-reducing and efficiency-enhancing planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the weight ratio of lime to biochar is (1-2): (3-4).
3. The sugar cane weight-reducing and efficiency-increasing planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the biochar is humic acid-loaded biochar.
4. The sugar cane weight-reducing and efficiency-enhancing planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria liquid are 2 nitrogen-fixing strains A01 and L03 separated from root systems of a sugar cane variety, namely, a No. 28 sweet sugar, and A01 and L03 belong to Klebsiella planticola and Klebsiella oxytoca respectively.
5. The sugarcane weight-reducing and efficiency-enhancing planting method according to claim 4, wherein the preparation method of the nitrogen-fixing bacterium liquid is as follows:
s1: taking out 2 azotobacter decibels from a refrigerator, and repeatedly carrying out streak culture on a D-bereiner solid culture medium containing 0.4g/L peptone for 5-6 times to recover the activity of the D-bereiner solid culture medium;
s2: measuring the activity of nitrogenase by acetylene reduction method, transferring into D-NBEREine liquid culture medium, culturing at 30-33 deg.C and 120rpm/min until OD600=0.7-0.9,
s3: mixing the A01 and the L03 obtained by the culture in the step S2 according to the weight ratio of 1:1 to obtain a mixed solution, adding 0.5-1% of seaweed extract, 0.5-1.2% of fulvic acid, 0.5-1% of rhamnolipid, 0.03-0.05% of ferrous sulfate, 0.02-0.05% of molybdic acid and 0.006-0.01% of sodium naphthylacetate, and uniformly mixing to obtain the azotobacter liquid.
6. The sugarcane weight-reducing and efficiency-enhancing planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the compound microbial fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-150 parts of molasses, 20-30 parts of vinasse, 10-30 parts of peanut meal, 30-50 parts of spirulina, 10-30 parts of fulvic acid, 5-10 parts of amino acid, 10-25 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1-3 parts of microbial agent.
7. The sugarcane weight-reducing and efficiency-enhancing planting method according to claim 6, wherein the microbial agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1-3 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 1-3 parts of microzyme, 3-5 parts of potassium bacteria and 0.5-2 parts of marine bacillus.
8. The sugarcane weight-reducing and synergistic planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the insect-preventing drug can be 10% clothianidin or 40% thiamethoxam bromothal-ethyl suspension; the herbicide is at least one of atrazine, acetochlor and diuron.
9. The sugar cane weight-reducing and efficiency-enhancing planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), a trace element fertilizer is applied while a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is applied, and the trace element fertilizer is a trace element fertilizer for chelating iron, zinc and the like.
10. The method for planting sugarcane according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the ensuring of sufficient water supply includes: and keeping the water capacity of the soil in the field within 60-80% within 30cm of the surface layer of the soil in the seedling stage.
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Application publication date: 20220506 |