CN117441427A - Wheat precision even sowing seeder and working method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a wheat precision and evenly sowing seeder and a working method thereof, wherein the seeder comprises a frame, a fertilizing mechanism, a rotary tillage unit, a sowing mechanism, a uniform earthing mechanism and a compacting mechanism; the sowing mechanism comprises a seed box, a seed guide pipe and a uniform sowing plate, wherein the seed guide pipe is connected between the seed box and the uniform sowing plate, the uniform sowing plate is provided with a splitter plate, and splitter plates in two adjacent layers are staggered; the uniform earthing mechanism comprises a soil throwing wheel roller, a rotary tillage unit is arranged at the front side of the soil throwing wheel roller, a shielding plate is arranged at the rear side of the soil throwing wheel roller, and a guide plate is arranged on the soil throwing wheel roller; the uniform sowing plate is arranged below the shielding plate; seeds are scattered on soil after being guided and dispersed from a splitter plate of the uniform sowing plate, and a soil throwing wheel roller drives a guide plate to rotate to provide kinetic energy for part of soil thrown backwards by a rotary tillage unit and guide the movement direction of the part of soil, so that the soil is covered on the seeds. The wheat precision even sowing seeder can realize consistent seed sowing depth and even sowing, realize individual plant growth of individual seeds, furthest utilize the resources of growth space and ensure that the whole seedlings emerge neatly.

Description

Wheat precision even sowing seeder and working method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a wheat precision even sowing seeder and a working method.

Background

The planter is a planting machine which uses crop seeds as seeding objects and is used for seeding certain types or crops. With the continuous development of agricultural production technology, the requirements on agricultural machinery are gradually increased, and in particular, in the aspect of sowing, the agricultural machinery is often required to realize precision sowing according to the agricultural requirements, so that the sowing quality and the yield of seeds are ensured. In the current practical production, the main sowing mode is drill sowing, wherein the drill sowing is to level the ground just before sowing, make furrows and ditches, make the ditches about 1-2cm deep, and then spread wheat seeds into the ditches to cover soil and scrape the ground. However, the existing seeder in the market is not easy to control in seed sowing, especially seeds with smaller seeds such as wheat, the seeds flow out from a discharge hole in a concentrated manner, and then the seeds sowed into soil are concentrated, so that the problems of no plant spacing, uneven gathering and distribution of the seeds, vigorous competition among individuals and weak root systems are caused, the initial growth of the wheat is influenced, and meanwhile, the seeds fall on the bottom of a ditch or a ditch bed to cause inconsistent burying depth of the seeds, so that the problem of uneven seedling emergence exists.

The even sowing technology is based on the growth and development characteristics of crops, fully exerts a coordination mechanism of uniform and robust individual crops and sufficient and reasonable group, achieves high yield and high efficiency of the crops, and is popularized and applied. The evenly-sowed crops enable individual plants to grow due to uniform distribution of the individual plants, fully utilize light energy and space, create the condition of balanced nutrition of the individual plants, have small nutrition competition of individual plants in seedling stage, and are robust in individual plant development, are beneficial to formation and development of dominant tillers, fully exert yield formation potential of the dominant tillers, and further realize yield increase of crops. At present, some uniform sowing machines appear in China, but most of the machines are close-line drill sowing technology, and the uniform sowing is still not performed in a strict sense. The spacing between the front and rear plants and the spacing between the left and right plants of close-row drill crops are still larger, and the advantages of the uniform sowing technology are not fully reflected. Meanwhile, the sowing depth of the existing close-line drill crops is not consistent, so that the growth speeds of the crops are different, the phenomenon of unbalanced emergence of seedlings can occur, and the yield increase of the crops is not facilitated.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a wheat precision and uniform sowing seeder, which can realize uniform sowing of equal-depth precision wheat seeds, ensure uniform sowing depth and uniform sowing, ensure that seeds are distributed more uniformly, realize individual plant growth of wheat and increase yield and income of wheat.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a wheat precision even sowing seeder, includes the frame, is equipped with the traction frame in order to connect the tractor at the frame front end, is provided with fertilization mechanism, rotary tillage unit, sowing mechanism, even earthing mechanism and suppression mechanism in the frame, fertilization mechanism is located the rear of traction frame, and the rotary tillage unit is located fertilization mechanism's rear, and even earthing mechanism is located the rear of rotary tillage unit, and sowing mechanism is located even earthing mechanism's rear, suppression mechanism is located sowing mechanism's rear; the sowing mechanism comprises a seed box, a seed guide pipe and a uniform sowing plate, wherein the seed box is arranged on the frame, the lower end of the seed box is provided with a discharge nozzle, the feed inlet of the guide pipe is communicated with the discharge nozzle, the upper side of the uniform sowing plate is connected with the discharge outlet of the seed guide pipe, a plurality of splitter plates are uniformly arranged on the uniform sowing plate, the splitter plates are divided into 1-5 layers, and splitter plates in two adjacent layers are staggered; the uniform earthing mechanism comprises a soil throwing wheel roller, 5-8 guide plates along the axial direction are uniformly arranged on the circumference of the soil throwing wheel roller, the soil throwing wheel roller is arranged at the rear of the rotary tillage unit, a shielding plate is arranged at the rear side of the soil throwing wheel roller, and the shielding plate is arranged above the uniform sowing plate; seeds flow to the even sowing plate from the seed guiding pipe discharge hole and are scattered on the soil layer after being guided and dispersed on the flow dividing plate, the rotary tillage unit throws the soil onto the guide plate of the soil throwing wheel roller, and then the soil throwing wheel roller transfers the soil to the other side of the shielding plate and then falls on the soil to cover the seeds.

Preferably, a mounting plate is arranged on the upper side of the uniform sowing plate, the seed guide pipe penetrates through the shielding plate and is fixedly connected with the mounting plate, and the uniform sowing plate is inclined to one side of the pressing mechanism and is bent below to form a buffer plate; limiting plates are arranged on two sides of the uniform sowing plate, and the upper parts of the limiting plates are connected with the mounting plate; the splitter plate is an arc-shaped plate bent towards the discharge hole of the seed guide tube.

Preferably, the splitter plate is provided with two layers, the middle part of the upper splitter plate corresponds to the discharge holes of the seed guide tubes one by one, two ends of the upper splitter plate correspond to the middle parts of the lower splitter plates respectively, and the number of the lower splitter plates is 2 times that of the upper splitter plates.

Through the setting of buffer board, limiting plate and even sowing the board slope to the suppression mechanism one side, can prevent the phenomenon of splashing that appears at the seed at whereabouts in-process, and can not drop on the soil after the flow distribution plate disperses according to anticipated, influence the effect of even seeding.

Preferably, the rotary cultivator unit comprises a rotary cultivator shaft, and a plurality of groups of rotary cultivator blades are arranged on the rotary cultivator shaft; a leveling part is arranged between the soil throwing wheel roller and the evenly sowing plate, the leveling part is arranged below the transition plate, and the leveling part is any one or any combination of a pressing roller, a leveling shovel, a tillage harrow or a leveling plate.

Preferably, the leveling part is a first pressing roller, and the first pressing roller is arranged below the shielding plate; the shielding plate is an upward-raised arc plate.

Preferably, 6 guide plates are arranged on the soil throwing wheel roller, and the height of each guide plate is 2-6cm; the length of the flow dividing plate is 3-6cm, and the distance between the adjacent flow dividing plates near one side of the land is 3-6cm.

Preferably, the fertilizer applying mechanism comprises a fertilizer box, a guide pipe and a uniform sowing baffle plate, wherein the fertilizer box is arranged on the frame, the lower end of the fertilizer box is connected with the guide pipe, one side of the uniform sowing baffle plate is connected with a fertilizer outlet of the guide pipe, the other side of the uniform sowing baffle plate is bent below the fertilizer outlet of the guide pipe and is inclined downwards, and the uniform sowing baffle plate is fixed on the frame and is arranged in front of the rotary cultivator unit; the pressing mechanism comprises a second pressing roller, the second pressing roller is arranged at the rear of the seeder through a mounting plate, the second pressing roller is arranged on the mounting plate in a rolling mode, a scraping plate which is identical to the second pressing roller in axial direction is further arranged on the mounting plate, and the scraping plate is arranged above the second pressing roller.

Preferably, the frame is also provided with a power part, the input end of the power part is connected to the tractor, the rotary tillage shaft is rotationally connected below the power part, and the power part drives the rotary tillage unit to rotate; one end of the power part is provided with a driving wheel, the end part of the soil throwing wheel roller is provided with a driven wheel, and the driven wheel is connected to the driving wheel through a belt; the rotary cultivator set and the rotation speed of the soil throwing wheel roller are matched with the speed of the tractor.

Through rotary cultivator group and throwing wheel roller rotational speed and tractor's speed complex setting, can guarantee to have enough vector soil all the time to carry out earthing, soil also can not block up the operation unsmooth because of accumulating too much simultaneously.

Preferably, a uniform seeding component is further arranged in the seed box, the uniform seeding component is arranged at the position where the interior of the seed box is connected with the seed guide pipe, and the rotating speed of the uniform seeding component is matched with the advancing speed of the tractor to enable the plant spacing to be 2-5 cm; an anti-blocking component is arranged in the fertilizer box and is arranged at a position where the inside of the fertilizer box is connected with the guide pipe; the seeder also comprises a shell, wherein the shell covers the outer side of the seeder.

Through setting up even seeding subassembly and anti-blocking subassembly, even seeding subassembly and anti-blocking subassembly pass through the power conversion of power portion and the cooperation of the speed of advancing of seeding and tractor, can control the decline speed of seed and fertilizer, avoid the seed that the seed whereabouts is too fast to lead to can not disperse and the concentrated seeding that causes, influence the effect of even sowing to and the excessive seedling problem that burns that causes of fertilization that the fertilizer whereabouts is too fast, avoid seed or fertilizer whereabouts in-process simultaneously, concentrate at the feed inlet of seed guide pipe or guide pipe and can not fall the seedling that lacks that causes and lack the fertilizer problem.

The invention also aims to provide a working method for wheat equal-depth uniform sowing, which can realize the growth of individual wheat plants, maximally utilize the resources of wheat growth spaces such as photo-thermal water and fertilizer, ensure that the whole wheat seedlings emerge orderly, and construct good group quality of the wheat.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a working method of a wheat precision even sowing seeder comprises the following steps:

step 1: after the seeder is connected with the tractor, pouring seeds into the seed box, and pouring fertilizer into the fertilizer box;

step 2: fertilizing and tilling, wherein fertilizer in a fertilizer box falls on a uniformly sowing baffle plate through a guide pipe, then the fertilizer uniformly falls on the soil along the uniformly sowing baffle plate, a rotary tillage unit performs rotary tillage and scarification on the soil, the depth of rotary tillage is required to be 18-28cm, the soil after rotary tillage is loosened and compacted, and meanwhile, the soil brought up by the rotary tillage unit rotates along with a rotary tillage cutter and is thrown to a guide plate on a soil throwing wheel roller;

step 3: leveling, namely, rotating the first compacting roller along with the front movement of the tractor to compact and scrape the soil after rotary tillage, and crushing or removing large soil blocks to enable the soil to be free of uneven states;

step 4: uniformly sowing, wherein seeds in the seed box fall on a uniformly sowing plate through the guidance of a seed guide pipe, and the intensively fallen seeds are dispersed into independent seed units after passing through a guide plate on the uniformly sowing plate, and fall on the land with the plant spacing of 3-6cm;

step 5: covering soil, namely, a soil throwing wheel roller drives a guide plate to rotate, the guide plate uniformly throws collected soil to the other side of a shielding plate to cover the ground so as to bury uniformly scattered seeds, and the depth of the covering soil is set to be 3-5cm;

step 6: the second pressing roller moves forward along with the tractor and rotates, so that the land covered with soil is pressed, the pressing is carried out along with sowing and covering, and the pressing force and quality are ensured.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. through being equipped with even sowing plate at the discharge gate of seed guiding pipe, make the seed at the in-process that falls on even sowing plate water conservancy diversion dispersion, will concentrate the seed dispersion that falls into independent individual seed, later single seed evenly scatter on the soil, realize the single plant growth of seed, improve the ventilation printing opacity effect in field for the wheat of follow-up growth, make full use of light energy and space of wheat, the accurate volume of effectual accomplishing wheat seed is evenly sowed, can save the quantity of seed, can also be favorable to the growth development of wheat more.

2. Seeds fall on the land from two sides of the splitter plates, so that the transverse distance between the wheat, namely the row spacing between plants, is determined by setting the length of the splitter plates and the distance between adjacent splitter plates; the distance between the longitudinal directions of seeds, namely the plant spacing between plants, can be pulled by matching with the tractor to advance, the distance between the single plants of wheat can be controlled more reasonably and scientifically, the utilization rate of the wheat seeds to resources such as land, water fertilizer and the like can be fully improved, the cultivation of strong seedlings is facilitated, and the purpose of high yield and high efficiency is achieved.

3. The rotary tillage unit carries out rotary tillage to the soil and loosens, simultaneously partial soil is thrown backwards along with rotary blade rotation, be equipped with the deflector on the throwing roller, the deflector is adjusted the direction of above-mentioned soil into backward motion and further provide backward kinetic energy for it, simultaneously intercept the too much soil of throwing, make the soil quantity of each position in horizontal direction moderate, first roller is to the soil after the rotary tillage carry out the suppression flattening, broken great volumetric bulk, make the soil level, the while throws the roller and throws the opposite side of shielding plate with following backward soil, because of the width of deflector is unanimous, the soil quantity of every deflector direction is unanimous, can guarantee to throw the soil layer degree of depth that the back covers unanimous, thereby realize evenly throwing and send the depth that covers the soil layer, make the seed bury in the soil layer of equal degree of depth, do benefit to the more even of seed crowd growth, the uniformity of emergence is high. Meanwhile, the shielding plate can block the soil falling off from the soil throwing wheel roller in the working process, the effect of the first pressing roller after leveling and pressing is avoided, and in addition, a path of the soil transmitted by the soil throwing wheel roller can be provided, so that the soil thrown out by the soil throwing wheel roller has directivity.

4. The seeder further comprises a fertilizing mechanism, a rotary tillage unit, a flattening plate and a pressing roller, wherein the fertilizing mechanism is provided with a uniform baffle, fertilizer discharged from the guiding pipe can be scattered on the soil more uniformly after impacting on the uniform baffle, the rotary tillage unit carries out rotary tillage to enable the fertilizer to be mixed with the soil more uniformly, and the flattening plate is used for flattening the soil to realize rotary tillage, so that five working procedures of fertilizing, rotary tillage, flattening, sowing and pressing can be completed once, the number of times of entering the ground of the tractor is reduced, the cost is saved, and the sowing efficiency is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a seeding plate according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a throwing wheel roller of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of another structural state of the present invention.

In the figure, 1 frame; 2, a fertilizer box; 3, uniformly sowing the plates; 31 mounting plates; a 32 buffer plate; 33 limit plates; 4 seed guiding pipes; 5 a splitter plate; 6 shielding plates; 7, a soil throwing wheel roller; 8, a guide plate; 9, a rotary tillage unit; 91 rotary tillage shaft; 92 rotary tillage cutter; 10 an anti-blocking component; 11 a first press roller; 12, driven wheels; 13 a belt; 14 a driving wheel; 15 a second press roller; 151 mounting frames; 16 scraping plates; 17 a uniform sowing assembly; 18 a power section; 19 traction frames; a 20-shell; 21 a guide tube; 22 evenly sowing baffles.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, a wheat precision even sowing seeder comprises a frame 1, wherein a traction frame 19 is arranged at the front end of the frame 1 to be connected with a tractor, a fertilizing mechanism, a rotary tillage unit 9, a sowing mechanism, an even earthing mechanism and a pressing mechanism are arranged on the frame 1, the fertilizing mechanism is positioned at the rear of the traction frame 19, the rotary tillage unit 9 is positioned at the rear of the fertilizing mechanism, the even earthing mechanism is positioned at the rear of the rotary tillage unit 9, the sowing mechanism is positioned at the rear of the even earthing mechanism, and the pressing mechanism is positioned at the rear of the sowing mechanism; the sowing mechanism comprises a seed box 2, a seed guide pipe 4 and a uniform sowing plate 3, wherein the seed box 2 is arranged on the frame 1, the lower end of the seed box 2 is provided with a discharge nozzle, a feed inlet of the guide pipe 4 is communicated with the discharge nozzle, the upper side of the uniform sowing plate 3 is connected with the discharge outlet of the seed guide pipe 4, a plurality of splitter plates 5 are uniformly arranged on the uniform sowing plate 3, the splitter plates 5 are divided into 1-5 layers, and the splitter plates 5 in two adjacent layers are staggered; the uniform earthing mechanism comprises a soil throwing wheel roller 7, and 5-8 guide plates 8 along the axial direction of the soil throwing wheel roller 7 are uniformly arranged on the circumference of the soil throwing wheel roller 7; the soil throwing wheel roller 7 is arranged at the rear of the rotary tillage unit 9, the rear side of the soil throwing wheel roller 9 is provided with a shielding plate 6, and the shielding plate 6 is arranged above the uniform sowing plate 3; the rotary tillage unit 9 throws partial soil up when carrying out rotary tillage operation on the soil, the deflector on the throwing wheel roller 7 carries out forward to the soil thrown from a plurality of directions and further provides advancing kinetic energy, simultaneously the seeds of the seed box 2 flow out from the discharge gate of the seed guiding pipe 4 and fall on the even sowing plate 3, after blocking and splitting through the multi-layer staggered splitter plates 5 on the even sowing plate 3, the concentrated falling seeds are dispersed into individual and evenly scattered on the soil layer, the even sowing of the seeds is realized, the soil with the obtained kinetic energy continuously passes forward to the other side of the shielding plate, the kinetic energy weakens falling down, and then covers the soil after sowing, and the quantity of the thrown soil can be controlled in the soil guiding process of the deflector 8 pairs, so that the thickness of the soil covering layer is ensured.

In a preferred case, the upper side of the even sowing plate 3 is provided with a mounting plate 31, the seed guide pipe 4 passes through the shielding plate 6 and is connected with the mounting plate 31, the even sowing plate 3 is inclined to one side of the pressing mechanism and is bent downwards to form a buffer plate 32, the inclination angle of the even sowing plate 3 is 45-75 degrees, preferably 60 degrees, when seeds fall on the even sowing plate 3 and move downwards, the inclined even sowing plate 3 slows down the falling speed of the seeds, enough time is provided for the seeds to be dispersed into independent individuals, the buffer plate 32 further slows down the falling speed of the dispersed seeds, the seeds are prevented from being ejected out along the interval of the even sowing plate, and the natural falling uniformity of the seeds is ensured; limiting plates 33 are arranged on two sides of the uniform sowing plate 3, and the upper parts of the limiting plates 33 are connected with the mounting plate 31; the even sowing plate is surrounded and protected into a dustpan shape, so that the seeds are prevented from splashing around, the seeds can only move on the even sowing plate, and the sowing uniformity is ensured. The splitter plate 5 is an arc-shaped plate bent towards the discharge hole of the seed guide pipe 4, so that seeds can fall on the splitter plate 5 conveniently and then are separated towards two sides; the length of the splitter plate 5 is 3-6cm, and seeds fall from two ends of the splitter plate 5, so that the distance between the seeds falling from two sides of the splitter plate is 3-6cm, the distance between the adjacent splitter plates 5 close to one side of the land is 3-6cm, and the distance between the seeds falling from two adjacent ends of the two splitter plates 5 is 3-6cm, so that the transverse distance between the seeds, namely the plant distance, is 3-6cm. In this embodiment, the splitter plate 5 is provided with two layers, the middle part of the upper splitter plate 5 corresponds to the discharge holes of the seed guide tubes 4 one by one, so that seeds fall instantly and begin to disperse, and the two ends of the upper splitter plate 5 correspond to the middle parts of the lower splitter plates 5 respectively, the number of the lower splitter plates 5 is 2 times that of the upper splitter plates 5, that is, the seeds falling in each seed guide tube 4 can be sowed in 4 rows in a dispersing manner, and the seeds can be sowed more uniformly in an indirect manner. Further, the seed box 2 is internally provided with a uniform seeding component 17, the uniform seeding component 17 is arranged at the position where the inside of the seed box 2 is connected with the seed guide 4 pipe, the uniform seeding component 17 can control the seed outlet quantity of the seed box 2 and can also avoid the problem that the seeds are blocked and can not be smoothly planted due to the fact that the seeds are concentrated at the inlet position of the seed guide 4. The even seeding component 17 is connected with the power part 18 on the frame 1, and the relation between the rotating speed of the even seeding component 17 and the advancing speed of the tractor directly influences the longitudinal distance between the seeds falling back and forth, namely the plant spacing between the single seeds, so that the rotating speed of the even seeding component 17 is matched with the advancing speed of the tractor by adjusting the proportion of the power transmission structure in the power part 18, and the plant spacing is between 2cm and 5cm.

In a preferred embodiment, the shielding plate 6 is an upwardly bulged arc-shaped plate, the leveling plate 3 is arranged in the middle below the shielding plate 6, and the shielding plate 6 prevents the thrown soil from falling to influence the leveling effect of the leveling part, and simultaneously provides support and a travelling path for the soil moving backwards. In a preferred embodiment, a leveling part is arranged between the rotary tillage unit 9 and the evenly sowing plate 3, the leveling part is arranged below the shielding plate 6, and the leveling part is any one or any combination of a pressing roller, a leveling shovel, a tillage rake or a leveling plate. In this embodiment, the leveling portion is the first compacting roller 6, and the first compacting roller 6 is in the in-process of leveling the soil, damages the suppression to the soil block of great volume, makes the ground remain level, does not have the uneven problem.

In a preferred case, six guide plates 8 are uniformly arranged on the soil throwing wheel roller 7, so that the guide plates 8 can provide kinetic energy for the same amount of soil; the height of the guide plate 8 is 2-6cm, that is, the soil of the same height, so that the thickness of the covering soil can be ensured to be 3-5cm.

In a preferred case, the frame 1 is also provided with a power part 18, the input end of the power part 18 is connected with the power output end of the tractor, the rotary cultivator set 9 is arranged below the power part 18, the rotary cultivator set 9 comprises a rotary cultivator shaft 91, a plurality of groups of rotary blades 92 are arranged on the rotary cultivator shaft 91, the rotary cultivator shaft 91 is rotationally connected below the power part 18, and the power part 18 drives the rotary cultivator shaft 91 to rotate for rotary cultivation of the land; one end of the power part 18 is provided with a driving wheel 14, the end part of the soil throwing wheel roller 7 is provided with a driven wheel 12, the driven wheel 12 is connected to the driving wheel 14 through a belt 13, and the power part 18 drives the soil throwing wheel roller 7 to rotate through the driving wheel 14; the rotary cultivator group 9 and the rotation speed of the soil throwing wheel roller 7 are matched with the advancing speed of the tractor, so that the effect of the equal-depth soil covering is further ensured.

In another preferred case, the compacting mechanism comprises a second compacting roller 15, the second compacting roller 15 is arranged at the rear of the seeder through a mounting plate 151, the second compacting roller 15 is arranged on the mounting plate 151 in a rolling manner to compact the covering soil, further, a scraping plate 16 which is axially the same as the second compacting roller 15 is further arranged on the mounting plate 151, the scraping plate 16 is arranged above the compacting roller 15, and the scraping plate 16 scrapes the sticky soil on the second compacting roller 15, so that the effect that too much soil adheres to the surface of the second compacting roller 15 affects the compacting is avoided.

The fertilizer applying mechanism comprises a fertilizer box, a guide pipe 21 and a uniform sowing baffle 22, wherein the fertilizer box is arranged on the frame 1, the lower end of the fertilizer box is connected with the guide pipe 21, one side of the uniform sowing baffle 22 is connected with a fertilizer outlet of the guide pipe 21, the other side of the uniform sowing baffle is bent below the fertilizer outlet of the guide pipe 21 and is inclined downwards, the uniform sowing baffle 22 is fixed on the frame 1 and is arranged in front of the rotary tillage unit 9, fertilizer in the fertilizer box flows out through the fertilizer outlet of the guide pipe 21 and then impinges on the uniform sowing baffle 22, the uniform sowing baffle 22 further is impacted and dispersed on the uniform sowing baffle 22 and then slides onto the soil along the inclined downward direction, the uniform sowing baffle 22 can be more uniformly spread on the soil, and then the rotary tillage unit 9 carries out rotary tillage on the soil on which is spread with fertilizer, so that the fertilizer is fully mixed in the soil, and the fertilizer effect is better played. Further, an anti-blocking assembly 10 is arranged in the fertilizer box, and the anti-blocking assembly 10 is arranged at the position where the inside of the fertilizer box is connected with the guide pipe 21, so that the fertilizer is prevented from being crowded and blocked at the inlet position of the guide pipe and not smoothly flowing out of the guide pipe. In this embodiment, the planter also includes a housing 20, and the housing 20 covers the outside of the planter to protect the structure of the planter.

The working method of the wheat precision even sowing seeder specifically comprises the following steps:

step 1: after the seeder is connected with the tractor, pouring seeds into the seed box, and pouring fertilizer into the fertilizer box;

step 2: fertilizing and tilling, wherein fertilizer in a fertilizer box falls on a uniformly sowing baffle plate through a guide pipe, then the fertilizer uniformly falls on the soil along the uniformly sowing baffle plate, a rotary tillage unit carries out rotary tillage and scarification on the soil, the depth of rotary tillage is required to be 12-18cm, the soil after rotary tillage is loosened and compacted, and meanwhile, the soil carried by the rotary tillage unit rotates along with a rotary tillage cutter and is thrown to a guide plate on a soil throwing wheel roller;

step 3: leveling, namely, rotating the first compacting roller along with the front movement of the tractor to compact and scrape the soil after rotary tillage, and crushing or removing large soil blocks to enable the soil to be free of uneven states;

step 4: uniformly sowing, wherein seeds in the seed box fall on a uniformly sowing plate through the guidance of a seed guide pipe, and the intensively fallen seeds are dispersed into independent seed units after passing through a guide plate on the uniformly sowing plate, and fall on the land with the plant spacing of 3-6cm;

step 5: covering soil, namely, a soil throwing wheel roller drives a guide plate to rotate, the guide plate uniformly throws collected soil to the other side of a shielding plate to cover the ground so as to bury uniformly scattered seeds, and the depth of the covering soil is set to be 3-5cm;

step 6: the second pressing roller moves forward along with the tractor and rotates, so that the land covered with soil is pressed, the pressing is carried out along with sowing and covering, and the pressing force and quality are ensured.

Based on the conception, in a specific application scene, the fertilizer in the fertilizer box falls on the uniform baffle through the guide pipe, is more dispersed under the blocking impact on the uniform baffle to form a sprinkling effect and falls on the land, then the rotary tillage unit carries out rotary tillage on the fertilized land, and the soil carried out by the rotary tillage cutter along with the rotation of the rotary tillage cutter is thrown backwards; the first compacting roller is used for compacting and leveling the soil subjected to rotary tillage so as to enable seeds to be on the same horizontal plane; the seeds of the seed box fall on a guide line of the seed guide pipe on a first layer of flow dividing plates on the even sowing plate, the arc-shaped flow dividing plates divide the seeds at two sides at random, then the divided seeds fall on a second layer of flow dividing plates, the second layer of flow dividing plates continue to divide the seeds at two sides at random and then fall on the ground, at the moment, the seeds falling in the seed guide pipe can be dispersed into independent seed individuals and fall on the ground, the length of the flow dividing plates and the interval between the adjacent flow dividing plates are set to be 4-5cm, and the longitudinal interval between the seeds is kept between 3-6cm by matching with the advancing speed of a tractor; the wheat growth space with individual plants is realized, and the resources of wheat growth such as photo-thermal water fertilizer and the like are utilized to the maximum extent; the soil thrown up by the rotary tillage unit is impacted on the soil throwing wheel roller from a plurality of directions, under the action of the guide plate on the soil throwing wheel roller, the uniform advancing direction is provided, advancing kinetic energy is further obtained, the kinetic energy weakens and covers seeds after crossing the shielding plate, meanwhile, the soil throwing wheel roller intercepts and disperses the thrown excessive soil, so that the soil quantity at each place is consistent and kept moderate, the consistency of the covering depth is ensured, the preferable setting of the covering depth is 3-5cm, and then the second pressing roller at the rear side of the seeder presses the soil. The depth of the seeds is consistent, and the germination and soil emergence time of the seeds is consistent, so that the whole wheat seedlings are orderly, and good group quality of the wheat is constructed.

The present embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting, and the technical solutions that are not substantially transformed under the present invention are still within the scope of protection.

Claims (10)

1. The wheat precision even sowing seeder is characterized by comprising a frame, wherein a traction frame is arranged at the front end of the frame to be connected with a tractor, a fertilizing mechanism, a rotary tillage unit, a sowing mechanism, an even earthing mechanism and a pressing mechanism are arranged on the frame, the fertilizing mechanism is positioned at the rear of the traction frame, the rotary tillage unit is positioned at the rear of the fertilizing mechanism, the even earthing mechanism is positioned at the rear of the rotary tillage unit, the sowing mechanism is positioned at the rear of the even earthing mechanism, and the pressing mechanism is positioned at the rear of the sowing mechanism; the sowing mechanism comprises a seed box, a seed guide pipe and a uniform sowing plate, wherein the seed box is arranged on the frame, the lower end of the seed box is provided with a discharge nozzle, the feed inlet of the guide pipe is communicated with the discharge nozzle, the upper side of the uniform sowing plate is connected with the discharge outlet of the seed guide pipe, a plurality of splitter plates are uniformly arranged on the uniform sowing plate, the splitter plates are divided into 1-5 layers, and splitter plates in two adjacent layers are staggered; the uniform earthing mechanism comprises a soil throwing wheel roller, 5-8 guide plates along the axial direction are uniformly arranged on the circumference of the soil throwing wheel roller, the soil throwing wheel roller is arranged at the rear of the rotary tillage unit, a shielding plate is arranged at the rear side of the soil throwing wheel roller, and the shielding plate is arranged above the uniform sowing plate; seeds flow to the even sowing plate from the seed guiding pipe discharge hole and are scattered on the soil layer after being guided and dispersed on the flow dividing plate, the rotary tillage unit throws the soil onto the guide plate of the soil throwing wheel roller, and then the soil throwing wheel roller transfers the soil to the other side of the shielding plate and then falls on the soil to cover the seeds.

2. The wheat precision even sowing machine according to claim 1, wherein a mounting plate is arranged on the upper side of the even sowing plate, the seed guide pipe penetrates through the shielding plate and is fixedly connected with the mounting plate, and the even sowing plate is inclined to one side of the pressing mechanism and is bent downwards to form a buffer plate; limiting plates are arranged on two sides of the uniform sowing plate, and the upper parts of the limiting plates are connected with the mounting plate; the splitter plate is an arc-shaped plate bent towards the discharge hole of the seed guide tube.

3. The wheat precision even sowing machine according to claim 2, wherein the splitter plate is provided with two layers, the middle part of the upper splitter plate corresponds to the discharge hole of the seed guide pipe one by one, two ends of the upper splitter plate correspond to the middle part of the lower splitter plate respectively, and the number of the lower splitter plates is 2 times that of the upper splitter plates.

4. The wheat precision even sowing planter according to claim 3, wherein the rotary tillage unit comprises a rotary tillage shaft, and a plurality of groups of rotary tillage blades are arranged on the rotary tillage shaft; a leveling part is arranged between the soil throwing wheel roller and the evenly sowing plate, the leveling part is arranged below the transition plate, and the leveling part is any one or any combination of a pressing roller, a leveling shovel, a tillage harrow or a leveling plate.

5. The wheat precision reseeding planter of claim 4, wherein said flattening portion is a first press roller mounted below said shield plate; the shielding plate is an upward-raised arc plate.

6. The wheat precision even sowing machine according to claim 5, wherein the soil throwing wheel roller is provided with 6 guide plates, and the height of the guide plates is 2-6cm; the length of the flow dividing plate is 3-6cm, and the distance between the adjacent flow dividing plates near one side of the land is 3-6cm.

7. The wheat precision even sowing machine according to claim 6, wherein the fertilizer application mechanism comprises a fertilizer box, a guide pipe and an even sowing baffle plate, the fertilizer box is arranged on the frame, the lower end of the fertilizer box is connected with the guide pipe, one side of the even sowing baffle plate is connected with a fertilizer outlet of the guide pipe, the other side of the even sowing baffle plate is bent below the fertilizer outlet of the guide pipe and is inclined downwards, and the even sowing baffle plate is fixed on the frame and is arranged in front of the rotary tillage unit; the pressing mechanism comprises a second pressing roller, the second pressing roller is arranged at the rear of the seeder through a mounting plate, the second pressing roller is arranged on the mounting plate in a rolling mode, a scraping plate which is identical to the second pressing roller in axial direction is further arranged on the mounting plate, and the scraping plate is arranged above the second pressing roller.

8. The wheat precision even sowing seeder as claimed in claim 7, wherein the frame is further provided with a power part, the input end of the power part is connected to a tractor, the rotary tillage shaft is rotatably connected below the power part, and the power part drives the rotary tillage unit to rotate; one end of the power part is provided with a driving wheel, the end part of the soil throwing wheel roller is provided with a driven wheel, and the driven wheel is connected to the driving wheel through a belt; the rotary cultivator set and the rotation speed of the soil throwing wheel roller are matched with the speed of the tractor.

9. The wheat precision even sowing machine according to claim 8, wherein the seed box is further internally provided with an even sowing component, the even sowing component is arranged at a position of connecting the interior of the seed box with the seed guide pipe, and the rotating speed of the even sowing component is matched with the advancing speed of the tractor so that the plant spacing is between 3 cm and 6cm; an anti-blocking component is arranged in the fertilizer box and is arranged at a position where the inside of the fertilizer box is connected with the guide pipe; the seeder also comprises a shell, wherein the shell covers the outer side of the seeder.

10. A method of operating a wheat precision reseeding planter as claimed in claim 9 and including the steps of:

step 1: after the seeder is connected with the tractor, pouring seeds into the seed box, and pouring fertilizer into the fertilizer box;

step 2: fertilizing and tilling, wherein fertilizer in a fertilizer box falls on a uniformly sowing baffle plate through a guide pipe, then the fertilizer uniformly falls on the soil along the uniformly sowing baffle plate, a rotary tillage unit carries out rotary tillage and scarification on the soil, the depth of rotary tillage is required to be 12-18cm, the soil after rotary tillage is loosened and compacted, and meanwhile, the soil carried by the rotary tillage unit rotates along with a rotary tillage cutter and is thrown to a guide plate on a soil throwing wheel roller;

step 3: leveling, namely, rotating the first compacting roller along with the front movement of the tractor to compact and scrape the soil after rotary tillage, and crushing or removing large soil blocks to enable the soil to be free of uneven states;

step 4: uniformly sowing, wherein seeds in the seed box fall on a uniformly sowing plate through the guidance of a seed guide pipe, and the intensively fallen seeds are dispersed into independent seed units after passing through a guide plate on the uniformly sowing plate, and fall on the land with the plant spacing of 3-6cm;

step 5: covering soil, namely, a soil throwing wheel roller drives a guide plate to rotate, the guide plate uniformly throws collected soil to the other side of a shielding plate to cover the ground so as to bury uniformly scattered seeds, and the depth of the covering soil is set to be 3-5cm;

step 6: the second pressing roller moves forward along with the tractor and rotates, so that the land covered with soil is pressed, the pressing is carried out along with sowing and covering, and the pressing force and quality are ensured.