CN117397763B - 一种富含膳食纤维的能量饮料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种富含膳食纤维的能量饮料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A23L2/38—Other non-alcoholic beverages
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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- A23L2/56—Flavouring or bittering agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及饮料加工技术领域,尤其是一种富含膳食纤维的能量饮料及其制备方法;能量饮料按每升饮料添加重量计包括纤维丸30‑55g;其中纤维丸的制备方法包括将高温高压消毒后的菠萝蜜种子包衣在无菌环境下切丁得到丁粒;将丁粒烘干脱水后经过瞬间高温处理得到颗粒;将颗粒外表包覆肠溶包衣剂得到纤维丸;能量饮料的制备方法包括:化糖;配料液;调香调色:将过滤后的糖液和料液混合得到混合液,称取纤维丸加入混合液;采用富含不溶性膳食纤维的菠萝蜜种子包衣作为膳食纤维颗粒,并通过烘干脱水缩小其体积和产生粗糙表面,再通过瞬间加热固定其粗糙表面,进入肠道后可吸胀使其尺寸复原,利用它合适的颗粒尺寸以及粗糙的表面利于肠道排便。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及饮料加工技术领域,尤其是一种富含膳食纤维的能量饮料及其制备方法。
背景技术
膳食纤维有助于帮助人体消化和排便,并且不产生热量,是一种健康的食品辅料。由于现代人的精细饮食,较少摄入膳食纤维,近年来一些饮料产品加入了一定量的膳食纤维,旨在通过饮料方式增加膳食纤维摄入量。但饮料产品为了保证饮用口感,一般采用可溶性膳食纤维,而这类纤维并没有直接帮助排便的功能。
部分产品也添加了不溶性膳食纤维,例如中国专利一种沙蒿胶膳食纤维饮料的制备方法,专利号200610016906.8,其中记载:本发明的沙蒿胶膳食纤维饮料是一种功能很好的膳食纤维素的有效补充剂,所含的沙蒿胶膳食纤维控制体重等功能是目前最好的。它的持水性为自重的32倍,溶涨性达自重1100倍。沙蒿胶的结构尺寸很小,入口无沙粝感,适口性强。长期以来,人们误认为不溶性膳食纤维助于排便是因为其持水性,但研究发现是因为不溶性纤维通过摩擦肠道黏膜,增加了粪便的水分和体积。[1]动物实验发现,让无菌小鼠食用麦皮,小鼠的结肠转运时间加快,也就是加快了消化物变为粪便排出的时间。1988年在《英国医学杂志》发表的交叉临床研究,[2]10名健康受试者分别吃37g的麦皮和15g的塑料微颗粒(直径<2mm),在10天的试验期间,吃了麦皮和塑料颗粒的受试者,排便次数都增加,结肠转运时间加快,而15g的塑料增加粪便重量40g,所以研究发现塑料微粒也可以改善排便。1997年的另一项交叉临床研究,[3]也有类似发现,29名受试者分别吃27.1g的粗麦皮和24g的塑料颗粒,发现麦皮减少了25.8%的肠道转运时间,而塑料颗粒减少了21.2%,粪便体积两者都显著增加,但只有麦皮增加了粪便的含水量。研究发现只要颗粒大小跟麦皮差不多,比较粗糙的塑料都可以改善排便,但平滑的或过小的颗粒就不能改善排便。[4]交叉临床试验也发现,[5]比较同样的麦皮,但不同的颗粒大小,粗颗粒的麦皮改善排便,增加粪便体积和含水量,而磨得更小的麦皮并不能改善排便。
换而言之,现有技术中采用小尺寸高持水性的不溶性膳食纤维的饮料确实提高了口感,入口无沙粝感,但对排便没有帮助。故急需一种不影响吞咽且可助于排便的膳食纤维饮料。
参考文献:
[1]McRorie J.W.,Jr(2015).Evidence-Based Approach to Fiber Supplementsand Clinically Meaningful Health Benefits,Part 2:What to Look for and How toRecommend an Effective Fiber Therapy.Nutrition today,50(2),90-97.https://doi.org/10.1097/NT.0000000000000089
[2]Tomlin,J.,&Read,N.W.(1988).Laxative properties of indigestibleplastic particles.BMJ(Clinical research ed.),297(6657),1175-1176.https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.297.6657.1175
[3]Lewis,S.J.,&Heaton,K.W.(1997).The intestinal effects of bran-likeplastic particles:is the concept of'roμghage'valid after all?.Europeanjournal of gastroenterology&hepatology,9(6),553-557.https://doi.org/10.1097/00042737-199706000-00001
[4]Lewis,S.J.,&Heaton,K.W.(1999).Roμghage revisited:the effect onintestinal function of inert plastic particles of different sizes andshape.Digestive diseases and sciences,44(4),744-748.https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1026613909403
[5]Brodribb,A.J.,&Groves,C.(1978).Effect of bran particle size onstool weight.Gut,19(1),60-63.https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.19。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的之一是提供一种富含膳食纤维的能量饮料,含有不影响吞咽且有助于排便的不溶性膳食纤维。
本发明的目的之二是提供一种能量饮料的制备方法。
本发明的目的之一通过以下技术方案实现:
一种富含膳食纤维的能量饮料,按每升饮料添加重量计包括以下组分:
纤维丸30-55g、白砂糖50-120g、牛磺酸300-500mg、赖氨酸100-300mg、维生素B60.4-1.6mg、维生素C80-120mg、维生素B12 0.6-1.7μg、氯化钾100-300mg、氯化钠400-600mg、烟酸3-18mg、瓜拉纳提取物800-1000mg、苯甲酸钠100-200mg、柠檬酸1-5g、L-苹果酸500-1000mg、柠檬黄20-30mg、诱惑红0.3-1.0mg、薄荷醇40-60mg和香精1-3g;余量为水。
其中纤维丸的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)将高温高压消毒后的菠萝蜜种子包衣(也就是介于果肉与种子表皮之间的一种粗纤维囊状物,该物质具有味轻、坚韧、难以消化和无毒害作用等特点,十分适合作为食品添加物)在无菌环境下切丁得到丁粒;
2)将丁粒烘干脱水后经过瞬间高温处理得到颗粒;此处不是为了消毒或者便于贮藏,而是利用烘干脱去水分和部分营养物质使得丁粒收缩产生粗糙的外表面,并利用瞬间高温使得丁粒外表产生少量碳化,即使后续丁粒吸水膨胀也无法恢复平滑表面;
3)将颗粒外表包覆肠溶包衣剂得到纤维丸,由于颗粒烘干后密度大幅度降低,肠溶包衣剂又使得颗粒难以吸水,故当工业生产中轻质的纤维丸经过设备的管道、阀门、输送泵、换热器等坚硬部分时相比传统的吸水膨胀的果肉颗粒冲力大幅度降低,继而减少纤维丸磨损、破裂等情况,最终使纤维丸的尺寸以及外表粗糙度不会大幅降低。
优选地,所述香精为红牛香精。
优选地,所述切丁采用锯切方式,公知的,锯切比直切切割得到的切面更加粗糙,从而提升丁粒表面粗糙度。
优选地,所述丁粒的长宽高分别为1-4mm、1-4mm和1-4mm。常规饮料颗粒物最大尺寸一般为8mm,但为了降低吞咽异物感,故将尺寸设置在4mm以下,另外尺寸小于1mm则难以切丁。
优选地,所述瞬间高温处理方法为,将脱水丁粒摊平放置在一加热至200-250℃的铁板上,使用另一加热至400-500℃的铁板轻压脱水丁粒0.5-1.0s,而后将脱水丁粒转移到室温环境冷却,得到颗粒。
优选地,所述肠溶包衣剂与颗粒的质量比为5-8:100,类似于药丸的包衣工艺,但此处采用包衣剂不是为了让颗粒避开唾液、胃液的消化,而是利用肠溶包衣剂耐酸、防水和润滑的特点,利于纤维丸在饮料工业生产中容易穿过各种管道、法兰、阀门等硬部件以及在饮料包装、运输、存储、售卖等过程中不容易发生破裂和吸胀。
本发明的目的之二通过以下技术方案实现:
一种富含膳食纤维的能量饮料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1化糖:称取白砂糖,加入白砂糖重量1.2倍的75-85℃热水搅拌使白砂糖溶解得到糖液,将苯甲酸钠加苯甲酸钠重量25倍的水溶解后加入糖液中,搅拌混合,放冷,经200-300目筛过滤。
S2配料液:称取牛磺酸、赖氨酸、维生素B6、维生素C、维生素B12、氯化钾、氯化钠、烟酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸加上述配料重量之和25-50倍的45±5℃的温水搅拌使配料溶解得到料液;用瓜拉纳提取物重量40-60倍的温水将瓜拉纳提取物溶解后加入料液中,经200-300目筛过滤。
S3调香调色:将过滤后的糖液和料液混合得到混合液,称取薄荷醇溶解于薄荷醇重量10-20倍45±5℃的温水后加入混合液中混匀,称取纤维丸加入混合液,添加香精、诱惑红、柠檬黄并适当添加水至容量值,调整pH值为3.50-3.70得到能量饮料。
优选地,所述步骤S1中放冷方法为将糖液放置在室温环境,直至糖液温度下降至室温。
优选地,所述步骤S3中调整pH值的方法为向定容后的饮料中少量多次投入柠檬酸钠,直至pH值达到3.50-3.70。
优选地,所述步骤S3中得到能量饮料后采用搅拌罐存储,使其在灌装之前保证纤维丸较为均匀的分散在饮料液中。
本发明的有益效果为:采用富含不溶性膳食纤维的菠萝蜜种子包衣作为膳食纤维颗粒,并通过烘干脱水缩小其体积和产生粗糙表面,再通过瞬间加热固定其粗糙表面,该膳食纤维颗粒进入肠道后可吸胀使其尺寸复原,利用它合适的颗粒尺寸以及粗糙的表面利于肠道排便。
另外本能量饮料能及时补充人体运动后所需的水分、电解质、微量元素和能量,从而起到综合缓解疲劳、增强体力、平衡体内新陈代谢的作用。本能量饮料含有维生素B6、B12和维生素C,丰富的维生素是对运动后身体的很好补充,其与钙结合,有利于人体的机能活动。本能量饮料含有氯化钾和氯化钠,可以快速补充运动后汗液中丢失的钠、钾,还有助于水在血管中的停留,使机体得到更充足的水分。本能量饮料添加薄荷醇,可以增加清凉感,改善饮用的口感。
本发明没有采用麦皮或者具有类似成分和结构的谷壳,因为纤维丸在生产、包装、运输和饮用过程中不可避免的会发生部分纤维丸的肠溶包衣剂破损,菠萝蜜种子包衣制成的纤维丸即使发生肠溶包衣剂破损而吸胀,由于它本身的可咀嚼性、柔性以及无异味,它可以轻易被吞咽,但假如纤维丸内膳食纤维颗粒为麦皮或者谷壳则一旦发生肠溶包衣剂破损则难以吞咽,即使吞咽了也容易因为麦皮或者谷壳广泛存在的硅质细胞而让喉咙、食道产生严重的异物感。
具体实施方式
下面结合对比例对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明:
各实施例每升饮料原料用量见表1。
表1实施例每升饮料原料用量表
实施例1
制备纤维丸:
1)将高温高压消毒后的菠萝蜜种子包衣在无菌环境下切丁得到丁粒;所述切丁采用锯切方式;所述丁粒的长宽高分别为1mm、1mm和1mm。
2)将丁粒烘干脱水后经过瞬间高温处理得到颗粒;所述瞬间高温处理方法为,将脱水丁粒摊平放置在一加热至200℃的铁板上,使用另一加热至400℃的铁板轻压脱水丁粒0.5s,而后将脱水丁粒转移到室温环境冷却,得到颗粒。
3)将颗粒外表包覆肠溶包衣剂得到纤维丸;所述肠溶包衣剂与颗粒的质量比为6:100。
制备能量饮料:
S1化糖:称取白砂糖,加入白砂糖重量1.2倍的75℃热水搅拌使白砂糖溶解得到糖液,将苯甲酸钠加苯甲酸钠重量25倍的水溶解后加入糖液中,搅拌混合,放冷,经200目筛过滤。放冷方法为将糖液放置在室温环境,直至糖液温度下降至室温。
S2配料液:称取牛磺酸、赖氨酸、维生素B6、维生素C、维生素B12、氯化钾、氯化钠、烟酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸加上述配料重量之和25倍的45±5℃的温水搅拌使配料溶解得到料液;用瓜拉纳提取物重量40倍的温水将瓜拉纳提取物溶解后加入料液中,经200目筛过滤。
S3调香调色:将过滤后的糖液和料液混合得到混合液,称取薄荷醇溶解于薄荷醇重量10倍45±5℃的温水后加入混合液中混匀,称取纤维丸加入混合液,添加香精、诱惑红、柠檬黄并适当添加水至容量值,调整pH值为3.50得到能量饮料。调整pH值的方法为向定容后的饮料中少量多次投入柠檬酸钠,直至pH值达到3.50。得到能量饮料后采用搅拌罐存储。
实施例2
制备纤维丸:
1)将高温高压消毒后的菠萝蜜种子包衣在无菌环境下切丁得到丁粒;所述切丁采用锯切方式;所述丁粒的长宽高分别为2mm、2mm和2mm。
2)将丁粒烘干脱水后经过瞬间高温处理得到颗粒;所述瞬间高温处理方法为,将脱水丁粒摊平放置在一加热至230℃的铁板上,使用另一加热至450℃的铁板轻压脱水丁粒0.7s,而后将脱水丁粒转移到室温环境冷却,得到颗粒。
3)将颗粒外表包覆肠溶包衣剂得到纤维丸;所述肠溶包衣剂与颗粒的质量比为7:100。
制备能量饮料:
S1化糖:称取白砂糖,加入白砂糖重量1.2倍的80℃热水搅拌使白砂糖溶解得到糖液,将苯甲酸钠加苯甲酸钠重量25倍的水溶解后加入糖液中,搅拌混合,放冷,经250目筛过滤。放冷方法为将糖液放置在室温环境,直至糖液温度下降至室温。
S2配料液:称取牛磺酸、赖氨酸、维生素B6、维生素C、维生素B12、氯化钾、氯化钠、烟酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸加上述配料重量之和25-50倍的45±5℃的温水搅拌使配料溶解得到料液;用瓜拉纳提取物重量50倍的温水将瓜拉纳提取物溶解后加入料液中,经250目筛过滤。
S3调香调色:将过滤后的糖液和料液混合得到混合液,称取薄荷醇溶解于薄荷醇重量15倍45±5℃的温水后加入混合液中混匀,称取纤维丸加入混合液,添加香精、诱惑红、柠檬黄并适当添加水至容量值,调整pH值为3.60得到能量饮料。调整pH值的方法为向定容后的饮料中少量多次投入柠檬酸钠,直至pH值达到3.60。得到能量饮料后采用搅拌罐存储。
实施例3
制备纤维丸:
1)将高温高压消毒后的菠萝蜜种子包衣在无菌环境下切丁得到丁粒;所述切丁采用锯切方式;所述丁粒的长宽高分别为3mm、3mm和3mm。
2)将丁粒烘干脱水后经过瞬间高温处理得到颗粒;所述瞬间高温处理方法为,将脱水丁粒摊平放置在一加热至250℃的铁板上,使用另一加热至500℃的铁板轻压脱水丁粒1.0s,而后将脱水丁粒转移到室温环境冷却,得到颗粒。
3)将颗粒外表包覆肠溶包衣剂得到纤维丸;所述肠溶包衣剂与颗粒的质量比为8:100。
制备能量饮料:
S1化糖:称取白砂糖,加入白砂糖重量1.2倍的85℃热水搅拌使白砂糖溶解得到糖液,将苯甲酸钠加苯甲酸钠重量25倍的水溶解后加入糖液中,搅拌混合,放冷,经300目筛过滤。放冷方法为将糖液放置在室温环境,直至糖液温度下降至室温。
S2配料液:称取牛磺酸、赖氨酸、维生素B6、维生素C、维生素B12、氯化钾、氯化钠、烟酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸加上述配料重量之和50倍的45±5℃的温水搅拌使配料溶解得到料液;用瓜拉纳提取物重量60倍的温水将瓜拉纳提取物溶解后加入料液中,经300目筛过滤。
S3调香调色:将过滤后的糖液和料液混合得到混合液,称取薄荷醇溶解于薄荷醇重量20倍45±5℃的温水后加入混合液中混匀,称取纤维丸加入混合液,添加香精、诱惑红、柠檬黄并适当添加水至容量值,调整pH值为3.70得到能量饮料。调整pH值的方法为向定容后的饮料中少量多次投入柠檬酸钠,直至pH值达到3.70。得到能量饮料后采用搅拌罐存储。
对比例1
制备丁粒:
将高温高压消毒后的菠萝蜜种子包衣在无菌环境下切丁得到丁粒;所述切丁采用锯切方式;所述丁粒的长宽高分别为3mm、3mm和3mm。
制备能量饮料:
S1化糖:称取白砂糖,加入白砂糖重量1.2倍的85℃热水搅拌使白砂糖溶解得到糖液,将苯甲酸钠加苯甲酸钠重量25倍的水溶解后加入糖液中,搅拌混合,放冷,经300目筛过滤。放冷方法为将糖液放置在室温环境,直至糖液温度下降至室温。
S2配料液:称取牛磺酸、赖氨酸、维生素B6、维生素C、维生素B12、氯化钾、氯化钠、烟酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸加上述配料重量之和50倍的45±5℃的温水搅拌使配料溶解得到料液;用瓜拉纳提取物重量60倍的温水将瓜拉纳提取物溶解后加入料液中,经300目筛过滤。
S3调香调色:将过滤后的糖液和料液混合得到混合液,称取薄荷醇溶解于薄荷醇重量20倍45±5℃的温水后加入混合液中混匀,称取35g丁粒加入混合液,添加香精、诱惑红、柠檬黄并适当添加水至容量值,调整pH值为3.70得到能量饮料。调整pH值的方法为向定容后的饮料中少量多次投入柠檬酸钠,直至pH值达到3.70。得到能量饮料后采用搅拌罐存储。
对比例2
丁粒经过烘干脱水,其他步骤与对比例1相同。
对比例3
丁粒经过烘干脱水并包裹肠溶包衣剂,所述肠溶包衣剂与丁粒的质量比为8:100,其他步骤与对比例1相同。
排便改善实验
1)实验目的,验证本发明得到的能量饮料对于人体排便是否有改善。
2)实验方法,设实施例1-3、对比例1-3等6组志愿者,每组29人,测试饮用对应能量饮料(饮用量为500毫升,30分钟内喝完)前后的肠道转运时间下降率和粪便重量增加量,测试方法可参考《英国医学杂志》Tomlin,J.,&Read,N.W.(1988).Laxative properties ofindigestible plastic particles.BMJ(Clinical research ed.),297(6657),1175-1176.https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.297.6657.1175的相关记载。
3)实验结果,见表2。
表2各实施例和对比例的肠道转运时间下降率和粪便重量增加量
由表1可知,本发明得到的能量饮料由于采用了纤维丸这种在肠道中进行吸胀的不溶性膳食纤维,有效改善人体排便。
本发明的其他技术效果说明
(1)糖浆液一般配制浓度为45%~65%,若要存放一天则取上限65%,因为高浓度的糖液短时间内不易污染微生物。由于白砂糖中含有灰尘、色素和胶体等杂质,如果不对制得的原糖浆进行过滤除去糖浆中的杂质,常会使饮料出现沉淀、絮凝、变色灯质量问题。
(2)防腐剂(苯甲酸钠)需在加酸前添加,以免防腐剂与酸混合产生化学反应,降低防腐作用。
(3)瓜拉纳提取物在冷水中易成团且易黏在容器壁上,需用温水溶解后加入。
(4)薄荷醇在冷水中溶解度低,需用温水溶解后加入。
(5)饮料调节3.50~3.70时,口感适宜。柠檬酸钠是缓冲剂,可以通过调节其用量控制pH值。
各技术效果实验结果见表3-5。
表3水温对部分原料溶解可接受度的影响实验结果统计表
表4pH值对饮料风味的影响统计表
pH值 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.9 |
感官 | 口感偏酸 | 口感酸甜 | 口感偏甜 |
表5薄荷醇用量控制对口感的影响统计表
每升饮料用量 | 25mg | 50mg | 100mg |
感官 | 清凉感不明显 | 清凉适宜 | 清凉,口感偏苦涩 |
上述表3-5说明了本发明得到的饮料还具有独特风味。
上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理和最佳实施例,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。
Claims (1)
1.一种富含膳食纤维的能量饮料,其特征在于,按每升饮料添加重量计包括以下组分:
纤维丸30-55g、白砂糖50-120g、牛磺酸300-500mg、赖氨酸100-300mg、维生素B60.4-1.6mg、维生素C80-120mg、维生素B12 0.6-1.7μg、氯化钾100-300mg、氯化钠400-600mg、烟酸3-18mg、瓜拉纳提取物800-1000mg、苯甲酸钠100-200mg、柠檬酸1-5g、L-苹果酸500-1000mg、柠檬黄20-30mg、诱惑红0.3-1.0mg、薄荷醇40-60mg和香精1-3g;余量为水;
其中纤维丸的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)将高温高压消毒后的菠萝蜜种子包衣在无菌环境下切丁得到丁粒;
2)将丁粒烘干脱水后经过瞬间高温处理得到颗粒;
3)将颗粒外表包覆肠溶包衣剂得到纤维丸;
所述丁粒的长宽高分别为1-4mm、1-4mm和1-4mm;
所述瞬间高温处理方法为,将脱水丁粒摊平放置在一加热至200-250℃的铁板上,使用另一加热至400-500℃的铁板轻压脱水丁粒0.5-1.0s,而后将脱水丁粒转移到室温环境冷却,得到颗粒;
所述菠萝蜜种子包衣为介于果肉与种子表皮之间的一种粗纤维囊状物。
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