CN117369046B - Hollow anti-resonance optical fiber with flat mid-infrared dispersion - Google Patents
Hollow anti-resonance optical fiber with flat mid-infrared dispersion Download PDFInfo
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- CN117369046B CN117369046B CN202311680407.9A CN202311680407A CN117369046B CN 117369046 B CN117369046 B CN 117369046B CN 202311680407 A CN202311680407 A CN 202311680407A CN 117369046 B CN117369046 B CN 117369046B
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- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title abstract description 33
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- AKUCEXGLFUSJCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(3+);selenium(2-) Chemical compound [Se-2].[Se-2].[Se-2].[In+3].[In+3] AKUCEXGLFUSJCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009022 nonlinear effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004038 photonic crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/032—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with non solid core or cladding
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02214—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating tailored to obtain the desired dispersion, e.g. dispersion shifted, dispersion flattened
- G02B6/02219—Characterised by the wavelength dispersion properties in the silica low loss window around 1550 nm, i.e. S, C, L and U bands from 1460-1675 nm
- G02B6/02228—Dispersion flattened fibres, i.e. having a low dispersion variation over an extended wavelength range
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
- Optical Communication System (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a hollow anti-resonance optical fiber with flat mid-infrared dispersion, which belongs to the technical field of optical fiber communication and comprises a fiber core area and a cladding area, wherein the cladding comprises an inner cladding and an outer cladding; the outer cladding region is tubular and is composed of silicon dioxide, and the inner cladding region and the air fiber core region are covered by the outer cladding region; the inner cladding is of a double-layer structure, the inner layer is a circular medium tube, the outer layer is formed by nesting a first type elliptical medium tube and a second type elliptical medium tube, the circular medium tube and the first type elliptical medium tube are circumscribed and welded with surfaces, and the first type elliptical medium tube and the second type elliptical medium tube are tangent and welded with surfaces inside and outside each other. The hollow anti-resonance optical fiber provided by the invention has low restrictive loss in a large wavelength range in a wave band of 2-4 mu m, large mode field area, near zero flat dispersion, good single-mode characteristic at a position of 3 mu m, simple structure and capability of meeting the requirements of optical communication and optical fiber sensing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber communication, in particular to a hollow anti-resonance optical fiber with flat mid-infrared dispersion.
Background
The mid-infrared band generally refers to a band having a wavelength range of 2 to 20 μm, and light in this band is widely used in various fields such as medical treatment, sensing, communication, and the like due to some special properties. However, due toLattice vibration can occur in the mid-infrared band to cause multi-phonon absorption, so that the traditional quartz optical fiber faces huge absorption loss when transmitting the mid-infrared band, researchers are forced to develop novel materials, and the optical fiber with a novel structure is used for solving the transmission problem of the mid-infrared band.
Compared with the solid optical fiber, the hollow core optical fiber guides light in the hollow core and has the advantages of low material absorption, low dispersion, nonlinearity, high damage threshold and the like. Hollow core optical fibers have potential for high power pulse transmission. In high power pulse transmissions, it is important to maintain a large mode field and single mode transmission. Thus, achieving both large mode field and single mode transmission is a key challenge for hollow fiber to achieve high power pulse transmission. The Hollow core optical fiber mainly includes a photonic band gap fiber (photonic-core anti-resonated fiber, HC-ARF). Because of the structural characteristics of hollow core photonic bandgap fibers, large mode fields are difficult to achieve. The hollow core anti-resonance optical fiber (HC-ARF) has recently attracted research interest of scientific researchers due to the advantages of wide transmission bandwidth, flexible design and the like.
At present, the research on hollow anti-resonance optical fibers is mostly at the communication wavelength of 1.55um, and the performance research related to the mid-infrared band, especially near 3um, is less. In the recent patent literature, the performance of the dispersion, the mode field area, and the limiting loss in the 3um band have been improved. In addition, the conventional common single-layer structure has fewer adjustable aspects and has poorer structure adjustability.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a hollow anti-resonance optical fiber with flat mid-infrared dispersion, which can simultaneously realize single-mode guidance near a 3 mu m wave band, and has low loss, large mode field and flat dispersion.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
a mid-infrared dispersion flattened hollow core antiresonant fiber comprising: the outer cladding, the inner cladding and the air fiber core area are sequentially arranged from outside to inside; anti-resonance units are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the inner cladding; the air fiber core area is formed by enclosing a plurality of anti-resonance units;
the antiresonance unit comprises a first type medium pipe, a second type medium pipe and a third type medium pipe; the third type medium pipe and the first type medium pipe are circumscribed and welded; the second type medium pipe is arranged in the first type medium pipe; the first type medium pipe and the second type medium pipe are inscribed and welded on the surface.
In some embodiments, the thicknesses of the first type of medium tube, the second type of medium tube, and the third type of medium tube are the same, satisfying:
；
wherein t is the thickness, lambda is the designed working wavelength,indicating the refractive index of the cladding tube material +.>Representing airM is a positive integer.
In some embodiments, the number of anti-resonant cells is 4-8.
In some embodiments, the cross-sections of the first type of media tube and the second type of media tube are elliptical; the cross section of the third medium pipe is round.
In some embodiments, the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the first type of media tube1-3; the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the second type medium tube>1 to 7.
In some embodiments, the diameter of the third type of medium tube is 20-40 μm; the long axis of the first type of medium pipe is 50-70 mu m, and the short axis of the first type of medium pipe is 30-50 mu m; the long axis of the second type medium tube is 18-38 mu m, and the short axis is 6-26 mu m.
In some embodiments, the material of the outer cladding, the first type of medium tube, the second type of medium tube and the third type of medium tube is at least one of sulfide, fluoride, diamond and indium selenide.
In some embodiments, the interior of the outer cladding, the interior of the first type of media tube, the interior of the second type of media tube, the interior of the third type of media tube, and the air core region are provided with a medium; the medium is gas, vacuum or liquid; the refractive index of the medium is 1.
In some embodiments, the diameter of the air core region is 50-70 μm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the prior common single-layer structure, the invention has good structure adjustability, not only can adjust the radius of the round third medium tube, but also can adjust the long axis and the short axis of two elliptical medium tubes so that the hollow anti-resonance optical fiber has low restrictive loss with a large wavelength range of 2-4 mu m in the middle infrared band, and 1500 mu mThe above large mode field area, near zero flat dispersion and better single-mode characteristic at 3 μm, and simple structure, and meets the requirements of optical communication and optical fiber sensing.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hollow anti-resonance fiber structure with flat mid-infrared dispersion according to the present invention
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a part of a double-layer structure of the hollow anti-resonant fiber of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the mode field distribution and the height expression of the fundamental mode according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 high order modes of an embodiment of the inventionIs a mode field distribution diagram of (1);
FIG. 5 is a graphical representation of the limiting loss of fundamental and higher order modes as a function of wavelength for an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the variation of the extinction ratio of the higher order mode with respect to wavelength according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing dispersion as a function of wavelength for an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the change of the mode field area with wavelength according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present specification, the descriptions of the terms "one embodiment," "example," "specific example," and the like, mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
A mid-infrared dispersion flattened hollow core antiresonant fiber comprising: the outer cladding, the inner cladding and the air fiber core area are sequentially arranged from outside to inside; anti-resonance units are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the inner cladding; the air fiber core area is formed by enclosing a plurality of anti-resonance units;
the antiresonance unit comprises a first type medium pipe, a second type medium pipe and a third type medium pipe; the third type medium pipe and the first type medium pipe are circumscribed and welded; the second type medium pipe is arranged in the first type medium pipe; the first type medium pipe and the second type medium pipe are inscribed and welded on the surface.
In some embodiments, the thicknesses of the first type of medium tube, the second type of medium tube, and the third type of medium tube are the same, satisfying:
；
wherein t is the thickness, lambda is the designed working wavelength,indicating the refractive index of the cladding tube material +.>Represents the refractive index of air, and m is a positive integer.
The anti-resonance condition needs to be satisfied for parameters such as wall thickness of the hollow anti-resonance fiber. The glass wall reflection is greatest and the transmission is smallest, so long as the antiresonant condition is satisfied, most of the light is reflected back into the core, thereby forming an optical waveguide. According to the principle of anti-resonance reflection, the nested structure can further effectively reduce the leakage loss of the optical fiber due to the addition of an extra anti-resonance glass wall layer number. The present invention therefore designs a double nested structure to increase the number of antiresonant glass wall layers. And the elliptical capillary tube can effectively improve the single-mode characteristic of HC-ARF instead of the circular capillary tube. So that the advantages of the figures and the structures are combined to design the elliptic nested structure.
In some embodiments, the number of anti-resonant cells is 4-8.
In some embodiments, the cross-sections of the first type of media tube and the second type of media tube are elliptical; the cross section of the third medium pipe is round.
In some embodiments, the diameter of the third type of medium tube is 20-40 μm; the ratio of the long axis to the short axis of the first-class medium pipe1-3; the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the second type medium tube>1 to 7.
In some embodiments, the diameter of the air core region is 50-70 μm.
In some embodiments, the materials of the outer cladding, the first type of dielectric tube, the second type of dielectric tube, and the third type of dielectric tube include, but are not limited to, sulfide, fluoride, diamond, and indium selenide.
In some embodiments, the interior of the outer cladding, the interior of the first type of media tube, the interior of the second type of media tube, the interior of the third type of media tube, and the air core region are provided with a medium; the medium is gas, vacuum or liquid; the refractive index of the medium is 1.
Examples: a schematic diagram of a hollow anti-resonance optical fiber with flat mid-infrared dispersion and a partial detail enlarged view of a double-layer structure are shown in fig. 1 and 2.
In fig. 1, the air core area 1 of the optical fiber, the circular third medium tube 2, the elliptic first medium tube 3, the elliptic second medium tube 4 and the outer cladding 5 of the quartz glass are arranged in sequence from inside to outside. The thicknesses of the circular third medium tube 2, the elliptical first medium tube 3 and the elliptical second medium tube 4 are the same, and are t=0.8 μm and the radius r=30 μm of the fiber core. The number of the round third medium pipes 2, the oval first medium pipes 3 and the oval second medium pipes 4 is 4-8
Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a part of a double layer structure. In the figure, the circular third medium pipe and the elliptic first medium pipe are tangent and welded on the surfaces, the elliptic first medium pipe and the elliptic second medium pipe are tangent and welded on the surfaces inside and outside each other, and the center of the circular third medium pipe and the centers of the two elliptic medium pipes are collinear. Wherein the third medium tube with a circular shape r=15μm, the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the medium tube of the first type1-3; ratio of major axis to minor axis of second class medium tube +.>1 to 7.
The invention uses finite element simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics to carry out simulation test on the embodiment, adopts a finite element method and combines perfect matching layer boundary absorption conditions to carry out theoretical calculation, thus obtaining the mode field distribution diagram, the limiting loss, the mode field area and the corresponding wavelength of the invention. And in COMSOL Multiphysics, the second derivative of the real part of the effective refractive index of the fundamental mode to the wavelength cannot be directly obtained, so that the dispersion needs to be calculated through the MATLAB program.
From the mode field profile of the fundamental mode of fig. 3, it can be seen that the hollow-core antiresonant fiber prepared in the examples transmitted energy concentrated in the core region, indicating that light was trapped within the core region.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing the limiting loss of fundamental and higher order modes as a function of wavelength for an embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the limiting loss of the present embodiment is measured to be at a low level at an incident wavelength of 2-4 μm, wherein the 3 μm is about 0.0156dB/km, and the conventional fiber simulation is generally 10 -1 An order of magnitude lower than existing photonic crystal fibers by about 1 order of magnitude.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the variation of the extinction ratio of the higher order mode with respect to wavelength according to an embodiment of the invention; the high order mode extinction ratio is defined as the ratio of the minimum μm high order mode loss (Min HOM loss) to the fundamental mode loss (Fundamental mode loss, FM loss) in the fiber. The larger the extinction ratio value of the higher-order mode is, the faster the high-order mode energy of the fiber core is attenuated than the energy of the fundamental mode of the fiber core under unit length, so that unnecessary higher-order modes can be effectively filtered out, and the high purity of the fundamental mode of the optical fiber is ensured. The extinction ratio of the high order mode reaches more than 500 at the wavelength of 3 mu m. But at other wavelengths the higher order mode extinction ratio does not achieve such a high extinction ratio. The operating conditions of the optical fiber thus designed are mainly at a wavelength of 3 μm. The single mode characteristics of the fiber are excellent under operating conditions.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing dispersion as a function of wavelength for an embodiment of the present invention; when an optical signal is transmitted in an optical fiber, the dispersion of the optical fiber at the corresponding wavelength can be seen from a dispersion diagram, and the transmission quality of the optical fiber is higher as the dispersion is closer to zero. In terms of dispersion, the hollow anti-resonance optical fiber with flat mid-infrared dispersion still follows the typical anti-resonance optical fiber law, and has flat dispersion within a wider wavelength range of 2.5-4 mu m, and the group velocity dispersion values are all within +/-5 ps/(km ∙ nm).
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the change of the mode field area with wavelength according to an embodiment of the present invention; in high power laser transmission, optical fibers with small mode field areas can produce very high nonlinear effects, even damaging the fiber. And therefore, the optical fiber with larger mode field area has wider application range. From the graph, it can be seen that the mode field area of the optical fiber decreases with the change of wavelength, and the mode field area is 1500 at a wavelength of 2-4 μmAs described above, the optical fiber of this mode field area size can theoretically transmit high-power laser light.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A hollow-core antiresonant fiber with flat mid-infrared dispersion, comprising: the outer cladding, the inner cladding and the air fiber core area are sequentially arranged from outside to inside; anti-resonance units are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the inner cladding; the air fiber core area is formed by enclosing a plurality of anti-resonance units;
the antiresonance unit comprises a first type medium pipe, a second type medium pipe and a third type medium pipe; the third type medium pipe and the first type medium pipe are circumscribed and welded; the second type medium pipe is arranged in the first type medium pipe; the first type medium pipe and the second type medium pipe are inscribed and welded on the surfaces; the number of the anti-resonance units is 4-8;
the thicknesses of the first type medium pipe, the second type medium pipe and the third type medium pipe are the same, and the requirements are satisfied:
；
wherein t is the thickness, lambda is the designed working wavelength,indicating the refractive index of the cladding tube material +.>Represents the refractive index of air, m is a positive integer;
the cross sections of the first type medium pipe and the second type medium pipe are elliptical; the cross section of the third medium pipe is round; the ratio of the long axis to the short axis of the first-class medium pipe1-3; the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the second type medium tube>1-7;
the diameter of the third medium pipe is 20-40 mu m; the long axis of the first type of medium pipe is 50-70 mu m, and the short axis of the first type of medium pipe is 30-50 mu m; the long axis of the second type medium tube is 18-38 mu m, and the short axis is 6-26 mu m; the diameter of the air fiber core region is 50-70 mu m.
2. The hollow-core antiresonant fiber of claim 1, wherein the outer cladding, the first type of dielectric tube, the second type of dielectric tube, and the third type of dielectric tube are at least one of sulfide, fluoride, diamond, and indium selenide.
3. The mid-infrared dispersion flattened hollow-core antiresonant fiber according to claim 1, wherein the medium is disposed inside the outer cladding, inside the first type of medium tube, inside the second type of medium tube, inside the third type of medium tube, and in the air core region; the medium is gas, vacuum or liquid; the refractive index of the medium is 1.
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