CN116990901A - Low-loss hollow anti-resonance optical fiber with multi-refractive index cladding - Google Patents
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- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title abstract description 28
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 236
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- WCCJDBZJUYKDBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Cu] WCCJDBZJUYKDBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 23
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009022 nonlinear effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/023—Microstructured optical fibre having different index layers arranged around the core for guiding light by reflection, i.e. 1D crystal, e.g. omniguide
- G02B6/02304—Core having lower refractive index than cladding, e.g. air filled, hollow core
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
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Abstract
The application provides a low-loss hollow anti-resonance optical fiber with a multi-refractive index cladding, which comprises the following components: the outer glass tube structure, a first set number of nested tube structures and a first set number of multi-step refractive void compensation layers; the nested pipe structures are arranged at equal intervals along the inner wall of the outer glass pipe structure, and the multi-step refraction gap compensation layers are arranged between the nested pipe structures at intervals and are internally tangent and fixed with the outer glass pipe structure; the sleeve embedding structure is a double-layer structure and comprises a multi-step refraction capillary layer with a larger aperture and a multi-step refraction nested layer with a smaller aperture arranged in the multi-step refraction capillary layer, wherein the multi-step refraction capillary layer is internally tangent with the multi-step refraction nested layer, and the contact superposition of the internal tangent point and the outer glass tube structure; the multi-step refraction capillary layer, the multi-step refraction nested layer and the multi-step refraction gap compensation layer are multi-cladding structures with stepped refractive indexes, and all the cladding layers are closely attached. The application can reduce the limit loss, realize low-loss transmission and has better bending resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of optical fiber communication, in particular to a low-loss hollow anti-resonance optical fiber with a multi-refractive index cladding.
Background
The antiresonant planar waveguide (antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide, arow) theory was first proposed in 1986, and the first application of the antiresonant planar waveguide was in Kagome hollow fiber reported in 2002, and in 2002, N.M. Litchinitser et al proposed to combine the arow principle with the hollow fiber, and to obtain that the transmission band obtained by the principle is compatible with the experimental result of the Kagome hollow fiber, thereby providing the hollow antiresonant fiber.
The antiresonance principle is that when the wavelength of light matches the resonant wavelength of the core, the confining effect of the cladding wall on light is reduced, resulting in leakage of light outside the cladding. When the wavelength of the light accords with the antiresonant wavelength, the binding efficiency of the cladding wall to the light is enhanced, so that the light is effectively bound in the fiber core, and the requirement of light transmission in the fiber core is met.
The current mainstream hollow anti-resonance optical fiber reduces the limiting loss in a mode of negative curvature, no node and nested circle, and is generally mainly round. The nested circle is to use a contact point on the basis of the original cladding pipe and install a smaller cladding pipe, so that a nested structure is realized, the number of layers of anti-resonance walls is increased, and the limiting loss is further reduced. However, there is still a problem that optical fiber loss is high due to more light leakage, mode coupling, and the like. In the prior art, the anti-resonance optical fiber is mainly focused on the modification and innovation of the geometric structure, only a single silica glass material is often used on the cladding pipe, and most of the anti-resonance optical fibers at present cannot limit light rays or have higher limiting loss in the transmission wavelength range of 0.74-1 mu m.
Therefore, a new hollow anti-resonance optical fiber is needed to reduce the limiting loss and ensure the excellent performance of the near infrared band.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the embodiment of the application provides a low-loss hollow anti-resonant fiber with a multi-refractive index cladding, so as to eliminate or improve one or more defects existing in the prior art, and solve the problem that the existing anti-resonant fiber cannot limit the fiber within the range of 0.74 μm to 1 μm or has higher limiting loss.
One aspect of the present application provides a low-loss hollow-core antiresonant optical fiber with a multi-refractive index cladding, comprising: the outer glass tube structure, a first set number of nested tube structures and a first set number of multi-step refractive void compensation layers.
The nested tube structure is arranged at equal intervals along the inner wall of the outer glass tube structure, is of a double-layer structure, comprises a multi-step refraction capillary layer with a larger aperture and a multi-step refraction nested layer with a smaller aperture, wherein the multi-step refraction capillary layer is arranged in the multi-step refraction capillary layer, the multi-step refraction capillary layer is inscribed with the multi-step refraction nested layer, and inscribed points are contacted and overlapped with the outer glass tube structure; the multi-step refraction capillary layer and the multi-step refraction nested layer are multi-cladding structures with step refractive indexes, and all cladding layers are closely attached;
the multi-step refraction gap compensation layers are arranged between the nested tube structures at intervals and are internally tangent and fixed with the outer glass tube structure; the multi-step refraction void compensation layer is of a multi-cladding structure with a step refractive index, and all cladding layers are closely attached;
the multi-step refraction capillary layer is arranged on the outer glass tube structure, the multi-step refraction capillary layer is arranged on the multi-step refraction nested layer, the multi-step refraction gap compensation layer is arranged on the multi-step refraction capillary layer, the multi-step refraction nested layer is arranged on the multi-step refraction gap compensation layer, the multi-step refraction capillary layer is arranged on the multi-step refraction nested layer, the multi-step refraction gap compensation layer is arranged on the multi-step refraction gap compensation layer, the multi-step refraction capillary layer is arranged on the multi-step refraction nested layer, and the multi-step refraction gap compensation layer is arranged on the multi-step refraction gap compensation layer.
In some embodiments, the pre-set filler is air, and the nested tube structure and the multi-step refractive void compensation layer enclose an air core.
In some embodiments, the multi-step refractive capillary layer, the multi-step refractive nesting layer, and the multi-step refractive void compensation layer are all 2-layer cladding structures, and the inner cladding has a lower refractive index than the outer cladding.
In some embodiments, the refractive index of the inner cladding layer, the refractive index of the outer cladding layer, and the refractive index of the multi-step refractive capillary layer, the multi-step refractive nesting layer, and the multi-step refractive void compensation layer are 1.36.
In some embodiments, the radius ratio of the multi-step refractive capillary layer to the outer glass tube structure is 0.6-0.8.
In some embodiments, the radius ratio of the multi-step refractive void compensation layer to the multi-step refractive capillary layer is 0.3-0.4.
In some embodiments, the radius of the air core is 20-25 microns;
the radius of the multi-step refraction capillary layer is 12-20 microns;
the radius of the multi-step refraction nested layer is 5-10 microns;
the radius of the multi-step refraction void compensation layer is 3.6-10 microns.
In some embodiments, the thickness of the inner cladding of the multi-step refractive capillary layer is 0.1-0.13 microns, and the thickness of the outer cladding of the multi-step refractive capillary layer is 0.09-0.091 microns;
the thickness of the inner cladding of the multi-step refraction nested layer is 0.1-0.13 microns, and the thickness of the outer cladding of the multi-step refraction nested layer is 0.09-0.091 microns;
the thickness of the inner cladding of the multi-step refraction void compensation layer is 0.2-0.22 microns, and the thickness of the outer cladding of the multi-step refraction void compensation layer is 0.14-0.154 microns.
In some embodiments, the first set number is at least 5.
In some embodiments, the outer side of the outer glass tube structure is further provided with a coating layer, and the coating layer is made of silicon copper or an acrylate material.
The application has the advantages that:
according to the low-loss hollow anti-resonance fiber with the multi-refractive index cladding, the number of layers of anti-resonance is increased, and the multi-step refraction capillary layer, the multi-step refraction nested layer and the step refraction gap compensation layer are constructed by adopting the cladding with different refractive indexes, so that the limit loss can be reduced, the low-loss transmission is realized, and the anti-resonance fiber has good bending resistance. In particular, the transmission wavelength is within the range of 0.74-1 mu m, and the implementation is 1 multiplied by 10 -3 Limiting losses of the order of magnitude.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the application will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the application. The objectives and other advantages of the application may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the objects and advantages that can be achieved with the present application are not limited to the above-described specific ones, and that the above and other objects that can be achieved with the present application will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate and together with the description serve to explain the application. The components in the figures are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the application. Corresponding parts in the drawings may be exaggerated, i.e. made larger relative to other parts in an exemplary device actually manufactured according to the present application, for convenience in showing and describing some parts of the present application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a low-loss hollow-core antiresonant fiber with a multi-index cladding according to an embodiment of the application.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cladding tube of a low-loss hollow-core antiresonant fiber with a multi-refractive index cladding according to an embodiment of the application.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the limiting loss versus wavelength of the fundamental mode of a low-loss hollow-core antiresonant fiber with a multi-index cladding according to an embodiment of the application.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between bending loss and bending radius of a low-loss hollow-core antiresonant optical fiber fundamental mode with a multi-refractive index cladding according to an embodiment of the present application at a wavelength of 1.2 μm.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent. The exemplary embodiments of the present application and the descriptions thereof are used herein to explain the present application, but are not intended to limit the application.
It should be noted here that, in order to avoid obscuring the present application due to unnecessary details, only structures and/or processing steps closely related to the solution according to the present application are shown in the drawings, while other details not greatly related to the present application are omitted.
It should be emphasized that the term "comprises/comprising" when used herein is taken to specify the presence of stated features, elements, steps or components, but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, steps or components.
It is also noted herein that the term "coupled" may refer to not only a direct connection, but also an indirect connection in which an intermediate is present, unless otherwise specified.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present application will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same reference numerals represent the same or similar components, or the same or similar steps.
Hollow Core antiresonant fibers (Hollow Core Anti-resonant fibers) are a special Fiber structure whose Core is a Hollow, tube-like structure, rather than a conventional solid glass Core. Such optical fibers achieve a light guiding effect by controlling the reflection of the light signal between air and the glass material. The hollow anti-resonance optical fiber utilizes the interference effect of reflection to guide the optical signal to the glass wall near the core for repeated reflection, thereby realizing low-loss transmission. Compared with the traditional solid glass core optical fiber, the hollow anti-resonance optical fiber has the following obvious characteristics: since the optical signal propagates mainly in air, the coupling loss between the light and the solid glass is small, thereby reducing the energy loss during transmission. The core diameter of the hollow anti-resonance optical fiber can reach tens to hundreds of micrometers, which is far larger than the optical mode field diameter of the solid optical fiber, and higher power bearing capacity and lower nonlinear effect can be realized. The hollow anti-resonance fiber has a hollow core structure, so that the phase modulation with glass materials is reduced, and the dispersion effect is reduced. The design of the hollow anti-resonance fiber structure can realize low-loss transmission in a specific wavelength range, and has advantages for specific applications, such as ultrafast laser pulse transmission and the like.
The light guiding principle of an antiresonant fiber can be explained by the principle of antiresonant reflection (ARROW) in a planar waveguide, when light is transmitted to the interface between the core and the cladding, light meeting the resonance condition is transmitted directly out of the cladding, while other light not meeting the resonance condition will be reflected back to the core region.
However, the existing hollow anti-resonance optical fiber adopts a tube cladding layer with uniform refractive index, has poor bending resistance, and cannot limit light rays or has higher limiting loss within the transmission wavelength range of 0.74-1 mu m. The application uses the structure of the multi-layer cladding tube, the refractive index of each layer cladding tube is arranged in a stepped way, a strong mode coupling effect is provided, the loss is reduced, and good loss characteristics are provided in the near infrared band.
Specifically, the present application provides a low-loss hollow anti-resonance optical fiber with a multi-refractive index cladding, comprising: the outer glass tube structure, a first set number of nested tube structures and a first set number of multi-step refractive void compensation layers.
The nested tube structure is arranged at equal intervals along the inner wall of the outer glass tube structure, the nested tube structure is of a double-layer structure and comprises a multi-step refraction capillary layer with a larger aperture and a multi-step refraction nested layer with a smaller aperture arranged in the multi-step refraction capillary layer, the multi-step refraction capillary layer is inscribed with the multi-step refraction nested layer, and inscribed points are contacted and overlapped with the outer glass tube structure; the multi-step refraction capillary layer and the multi-step refraction nested layer are multi-cladding structures with step refractive indexes, and all the cladding layers are closely attached.
The multi-step refraction gap compensation layers are arranged between the nested pipe structures at intervals and are internally tangent and fixed with the outer glass pipe structure; the multi-step refraction void compensation layer is a multi-cladding structure with a step refractive index, and all cladding layers are closely attached.
The outer glass tube structure, the multi-step refraction capillary layer, the multi-step refraction nested layer and the multi-step refraction gap compensation layer are hollow round tube structures, and the inner and outer sides of the multi-step refraction capillary layer, the multi-step refraction nested layer and the multi-step refraction gap compensation layer are filled with preset fillers, wherein the refractive index of the preset fillers is smaller than that of the outer glass tube structure, the multi-step refraction capillary layer, the multi-step refraction nested layer and the multi-step refraction gap compensation layer.
In this embodiment, the nested tube structure and the multi-step refractive void compensation layer inside the outer glass tube structure are alternately arranged, and the nested tube structure comprises the nested multi-step refractive capillary layer and the multi-step refractive nested layer, so that the core improvement of the application is that the multi-step refractive capillary layer, the multi-step refractive nested layer and the multi-step refractive void compensation layer are multi-cladding structures with refractive index steps except that the outer glass tube structure for wrapping is a single layer, and in the specific implementation process, the multi-step refractive void compensation layer can adopt a form that the refractive index is sequentially increased from inside to outside, or a form that the refractive index is sequentially reduced from inside to outside. In the structure, the refractive index of each cladding layer can be adjusted through multiple data optimization. The structure can effectively reduce the limiting loss and the transmission loss by increasing the anti-resonance layer number.
In some embodiments, the pre-set filler is air, and the nested tube structure and the multi-step refractive void compensation layer enclose an air core.
In some embodiments, the multi-step refractive capillary layer, the multi-step refractive nested layer, and the multi-step refractive void compensation layer are all 2-layer cladding structures, and the inner cladding has a lower refractive index than the outer cladding. Further, in the multi-step refractive capillary layer, the multi-step refractive nested layer and the multi-step refractive void compensation layer, the refractive index of the inner cladding layer is 1.36, and the refractive index of the outer cladding layer is 1.45.
According to the principle of anti-resonant reflection, the phase difference and wavelength of lightThe thickness t of the glass has a certain relation, and the specific formula is as follows:
；
wherein n is 1 Is the effective refractive index of the glass, n 2 Is the effective refractive index of air, t is the glass thickness,is the antiresonant wavelength.
The application adds the reflecting layers with different refractive indexes based on the anti-resonance reflection theory, and can equivalent two layers of cladding tubes with different refractive indexes into a single-layer tube, and the equivalent formula is as follows:
；
；
wherein n is 3 For the effective refractive index of the cladding tube outer layer, n 4 S is the effective refractive index of the inner side of the cladding tube 1 And S is equal to 2 Surface area d of the inner layer and the outer layer of the cladding pipe 1 Thickness of the outer layer of the cladding tube, d 2 N is the thickness of the inner layer of the cladding tube eq And d eq Equivalent to the effective refractive index and thickness after a single layer tube.
By respectively introducing the anti-resonant reflection principle on the interfaces of the 2 layers of cladding layers, the limiting loss can be well restrained, and the transmission loss can be reduced.
In some embodiments, the radius ratio of the multi-step refractive capillary layer to the outer glass tube structure is 0.6 to 0.8.
In some embodiments, the ratio of the radius of the multi-step refractive void compensation layer to the multi-step refractive capillary layer is 0.3 to 0.4.
In some embodiments, the radius of the air core is 20-25 microns; the radius of the multi-step refraction capillary layer is 12-20 microns; the radius of the multi-step refraction nested layer is 5-10 microns; the radius of the multi-step refraction void compensation layer is 3.6-10 microns.
In some embodiments, the inner cladding thickness of the multi-step refractive capillary layer is 0.1-0.13 microns and the outer cladding thickness of the multi-step refractive capillary layer is 0.09-0.091 microns;
the thickness of the inner cladding of the multi-step refraction nested layer is 0.1-0.13 microns, and the thickness of the outer cladding of the multi-step refraction nested layer is 0.09-0.091 microns.
The thickness of the inner cladding of the multi-step refraction void compensation layer is 0.2-0.22 microns, and the thickness of the outer cladding of the multi-step refraction void compensation layer is 0.14-0.154 microns.
In some embodiments, the first set number is at least 5. Namely 5 nested tube structures and 5 multi-step refraction void compensation layers are respectively arranged and alternately arranged. In other embodiments, the number of nested tube structures and multi-step refractive void compensation layers can also be set according to the requirements and the numerical optimization results by optimizing based on the actual application scenario.
In some embodiments, the outer side of the outer glass tube structure is further provided with a coating layer made of a silicon copper or acrylate material.
The application is described below in connection with a specific embodiment:
the embodiment provides a low-loss antiresonant optical fiber with a stepped double-refractive-index cladding layer, which is different from a traditional uniform-refractive-index cladding layer, and adopts a design of a double-layer cladding layer, so that the effective refractive index of the cladding layer is stepped, a five-tube nested structure is geometrically adopted, and the double-layer nested structure provides stronger mode coupling effect, thereby reducing loss, showing good loss characteristics in a near infrared band, and solving the problems of single loss reduction means, higher near infrared band loss and the like in the prior art.
In this embodiment, the structure of the low-loss antiresonant optical fiber with the stepped birefringence cladding includes: an outer glass tube structure, a stepped birefringent capillary layer, a stepped birefringent nesting layer, a stepped birefringent void compensation layer, and an air core; the outer layer glass tube structure, the ladder double refraction capillary layer, the ladder double refraction nested layer and the ladder double refraction gap compensation layer are all tubular structures.
The step birefringent nested layer is nested and arranged inside the step birefringent capillary layer, the step birefringent capillary layer and the step birefringent nested layer are internally tangent and fixed, and the internally tangent point is in contact superposition and fixation with the outer layer glass tube structure. The step double refraction capillary layer, the step double refraction nested layer and the step double refraction gap compensation layer all adopt double-layer cladding pipe structures, two reflecting layers with different refractive indexes are combined into the cladding pipe, and the refractive index of the inner side is lower than that of the outer side. Five sets of this structure are used in this embodiment. The step birefringence gap compensation layers are arranged between the step birefringence capillary layers at intervals, and the pipe wall at one side of the step birefringence gap compensation layer is connected with the outer layer structure; the air fiber core is surrounded by cladding pipes.
The cladding layers of the step birefringent capillary layer, the step birefringent nested layer and the step birefringent void compensation layer are of dense and inseparable double-layer structures which have different refractive indexes, and the structures with high refractive index of the outer layer and low refractive index of the inner layer are obtained through multiple data optimization. Except that the outer glass tube structure used for wrapping is a single layer, the rest of the cladding tubes are all of the structure.
According to the low-loss anti-resonance optical fiber with the stepped double-refractive index cladding, limiting loss is greatly reduced by increasing the number of anti-resonance layers and adopting a cladding structure with different refractive indexes, and excellent performance is realized in a near infrared band, so that the optical fiber has the possibility of ultra-low loss transmission, such as ultra-low loss with loss lower than 0.01dB/km and even lower than 0.002dB/km, the lowest loss measured at the transmission wavelength of 0.84 μm is 0.001547dB/km, the limiting loss between 0.7-1.2 μm is between 0.001dB/km and 0.01dB/km, and data in a measurement band are relatively gentle.
The low-loss antiresonant optical fiber with the stepped-birefringence cladding according to the present embodiment has excellent bending resistance and low bending loss. At 1.2 μm, the bending loss at a bending radius of 7cm was 0.38644 dB/km, and after 8cm, the bending loss was 0.155 dB/km or less. After 20cm, the bending loss is below 0.01 dB/km.
At present, most anti-resonance fibers cannot limit light rays or have higher limiting loss within the transmission wavelength range of 0.74-1 mu m, and the low-loss anti-resonance fibers with the stepped-birefringence cladding in the present example have limiting loss within the transmission wavelength range of 0.74-1 mu m of 1X 10 -3 On the order of (2).
Further, according to an embodiment, a detailed performance test is performed, and the embodiment provides a low-loss antiresonant optical fiber with a stepped birefringence cladding, whose cross-sectional structure is shown in fig. 1, and includes an outer glass tube structure 1, a nested tube structure 2 composed of a stepped birefringence capillary layer (outer) and a stepped birefringence nested layer (inner), a stepped birefringence void compensation layer 3, and an air core 4. The outer glass tube structure 1 is the outermost layer of the hollow anti-resonance optical fiber, and various cladding tubes are wrapped in the outer glass tube structure; the nested tube structure 2 comprises a larger round cladding tube (step birefringence capillary layer) and a smaller round cladding tube (step birefringence nested layer), wherein the tube wall at one side of the nested tube structure is connected with the outer layer structure, the step birefringence gap compensation layer 3 is a smaller cladding tube between the gaps of the nested cladding tubes, the tube wall at one side of the nested tube structure is connected with the outer layer structure, and the air fiber core 4 is formed by surrounding the nested cladding tube 2 and the step birefringence gap compensation layer 3. In each structure, except for the outer glass tube structure 1, the other cladding tubes are composed of two anti-resonant layers with different refractive indexes, as shown in FIG. 2.
The specific parameters of the optical fiber are shown in figure 1, the radius of the fiber core is R, and the radius of the step birefringence gap compensation layer is R 1 The radius of the ladder double refraction nested layer is r 2 The radius of the stepped birefringent capillary layer is r 3 . As each cladding pipe adopts a double-layer design, each cladding pipe is divided into two layers, and the thickness of the outer layer is d as shown in figure 2 1 The thickness of the inner layer is d 2 An outer layer refractive index of n 1 The refractive index of the inner layer is n 2 。
In this example, as shown in fig. 1, the corresponding parameters are r=23.2 μm, R 1 =7.35μm，r 2 =8.65μm，r 3 =17.33 μm. The corresponding parameters of the structure of fig. 2 for each cladding tube are as follows: outer layer d of double refraction capillary layer of step 1 =0.1μm，d 2 =0.09μm，n 1 =1.45，n 2 For the step birefringent nested layer d =1.36 1 =0.1μm，d 2 =0.09μm，n 1 =1.45，n 2 For step birefringent void compensation layer d =1.36 1 =0.2μm，d 2 =0.14μm，n 1 =1.45，n 2 The simulation test of this example was performed using finite element simulation software Comsol Multiphysics, using a mode analysis of the fiber cross section, using a grid division mode with a maximum cell size of λ/5.8 (λ is the operating wavelength of the fiber in vacuum) for the glass portion, using a grid division mode with a maximum cell size of λ/4 for the air portion, and adding a perfect matching layer on the outermost layer to simulate an infinite silica glass fiber outer jacket.
The present example was measured to have ultra low loss below 0.002dB/km, the lowest measured 0.001547dB/km at a transmission wavelength of 0.84 μm, and the limiting loss between 0.7-1.2 μm at the transmission wavelength was between 0.001dB/km and 0.01dB/km, with flatter data over the measurement band, as shown in fig. 3.
Meanwhile, the bending loss of the example at the bending radius of 7cm under the condition of the transmission wavelength of 1.2 μm is 0.38644 dB/km, and the bending loss after 8cm is below 0.155 dB/km. After 20cm, the bending loss was less than 0.01dB/km, as shown in FIG. 4.
In summary, according to the low-loss hollow anti-resonance fiber with the multi-refractive index cladding, the multi-step refractive capillary layer, the multi-step refractive nested layer and the step refractive gap compensation layer are constructed by increasing the number of anti-resonance layers and adopting the cladding with different refractive indexes, so that the limiting loss can be reduced, the low-loss transmission is realized, and the low-loss hollow anti-resonance fiber has good bending resistance. In particular, the transmission wavelength is within the range of 0.74-1 mu m, and the implementation is 1 multiplied by 10 -3 Limiting losses of the order of magnitude.
The above description of the illustrative embodiments of the application has been presented to facilitate the understanding of the application and is not intended to limit the application to the particular embodiments disclosed, but is to be construed as limited to the application.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative components, systems, and methods described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented as hardware, software, or a combination of both. The particular implementation is hardware or software dependent on the specific application of the solution and the design constraints. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present application. When implemented in hardware, it may be, for example, an electronic circuit, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), suitable firmware, a plug-in, a function card, or the like. When implemented in software, the elements of the application are the programs or code segments used to perform the required tasks. The program or code segments may be stored in a machine readable medium or transmitted over transmission media or communication links by a data signal carried in a carrier wave.
It should be understood that the application is not limited to the particular arrangements and instrumentality described above and shown in the drawings. For the sake of brevity, a detailed description of known methods is omitted here. In the above embodiments, several specific steps are described and shown as examples. However, the method processes of the present application are not limited to the specific steps described and shown, and those skilled in the art can make various changes, modifications and additions, or change the order between steps, after appreciating the spirit of the present application.
In this disclosure, features that are described and/or illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be used in the same way or in a similar way in one or more other embodiments and/or in combination with or instead of the features of the other embodiments.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and variations can be made to the embodiments of the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A low-loss hollow-core antiresonant fiber with a multi-index cladding, comprising:
an outer glass tube structure;
the first nested tube structures are arranged at equal intervals along the inner wall of the outer glass tube structure, the nested tube structures are of a double-layer structure and comprise a multi-step refraction capillary layer with a larger aperture and a multi-step refraction nested layer with a smaller aperture, the multi-step refraction capillary layer is arranged in the multi-step refraction capillary layer, the multi-step refraction capillary layer is inscribed with the multi-step refraction nested layer, and inscribed points are contacted and overlapped with the outer glass tube structure; the multi-step refraction capillary layer and the multi-step refraction nested layer are multi-cladding structures with step refractive indexes, and all cladding layers are closely attached;
the first preset number of multi-step refraction void compensation layers are arranged between the nested tube structures at intervals and are internally tangent and fixed with the outer glass tube structure; the multi-step refraction void compensation layer is of a multi-cladding structure with a step refractive index, and all cladding layers are closely attached;
the multi-step refraction capillary layer is arranged on the outer glass tube structure, the multi-step refraction capillary layer is arranged on the multi-step refraction nested layer, the multi-step refraction gap compensation layer is arranged on the multi-step refraction capillary layer, the multi-step refraction nested layer is arranged on the multi-step refraction gap compensation layer, the multi-step refraction capillary layer is arranged on the multi-step refraction nested layer, the multi-step refraction gap compensation layer is arranged on the multi-step refraction gap compensation layer, the multi-step refraction capillary layer is arranged on the multi-step refraction nested layer, and the multi-step refraction gap compensation layer is arranged on the multi-step refraction gap compensation layer.
2. The low loss, hollow-core antiresonant fiber of claim 1, wherein the pre-set filler is air, and the nested tube structure and the multi-step refractive void compensation layer enclose an air core.
3. The low loss, hollow-core antiresonant fiber of claim 2, wherein the multi-step refractive capillary layer, the multi-step refractive nesting layer, and the multi-step refractive void compensation layer are all 2-layer cladding structures, and the inner cladding refractive index is lower than the outer cladding.
4. A low loss, hollow-core antiresonant fiber of a multi-index cladding according to claim 3, wherein the refractive index of the inner cladding is 1.36 and the refractive index of the outer cladding is 1.45 in the multi-step refractive capillary layer, the multi-step refractive nesting layer and the multi-step refractive void compensation layer.
5. The low-loss hollow anti-resonant fiber of claim 4, wherein the ratio of the radius of the multi-step refractive capillary layer to the radius of the outer glass tube structure is 0.6-0.8.
6. The low-loss hollow anti-resonant fiber of claim 5, wherein the ratio of the radius of the multi-step refractive void compensation layer to the multi-step refractive capillary layer is 0.3-0.4.
7. The low-loss hollow-core antiresonant fiber of claim 6, wherein the radius of the air core is 20-25 microns;
the radius of the multi-step refraction capillary layer is 12-20 microns;
the radius of the multi-step refraction nested layer is 5-10 microns;
the radius of the multi-step refraction void compensation layer is 3.6-10 microns.
8. The low-loss hollow anti-resonant fiber of claim 7, wherein the thickness of the inner cladding of the multi-step refractive capillary layer is 0.1-0.13 microns, and the thickness of the outer cladding of the multi-step refractive capillary layer is 0.09-0.091 microns;
the thickness of the inner cladding of the multi-step refraction nested layer is 0.1-0.13 microns, and the thickness of the outer cladding of the multi-step refraction nested layer is 0.09-0.091 microns;
the thickness of the inner cladding of the multi-step refraction void compensation layer is 0.2-0.22 microns, and the thickness of the outer cladding of the multi-step refraction void compensation layer is 0.14-0.154 microns.
9. The low loss, hollow-core antiresonant fiber of claim 8, wherein said first set number is at least 5.
10. The low loss hollow anti-resonant fiber of claim 9, wherein the outer glass tube structure is further provided with a coating layer, and wherein the coating layer is made of a silicon copper or acrylate material.
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