CN101924319A - All-fiber structure laser system capable of generating high-energy femtosecond pulse - Google Patents
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
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- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
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Abstract
The invention provides an all-fiber structure laser system for generating high-energy femtosecond pulses, and aims to solve the technical problems of low pulse energy and poor stability of the conventional erbium-doped fiber laser. The all-fiber structure laser system comprises an annular laser used for generating high-energy pulses and a single-mode fiber used for pulse compression, wherein the annular laser comprises a wavelength division multiplexer, an erbium-doped fiber, a first polarization controller, a polarization-related isolator, a second polarization controller and an output coupler which are sequentially connected through the single-mode fiber in a cavity, and a pumping light source is arranged at the input end of the wavelength division multiplexer. The output end of the output coupler is connected with a single mode fiber positioned outside the cavity and used for compressing the high-energy pulse generated in the cavity. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, low price, good stability and the like, and particularly has the advantages of high pumping efficiency, convenient adjustment, easy optical fiber coupling and the like compared with a solid laser for generating high-energy femtosecond pulses.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fiber laser system, be specifically related to a kind of all-fiber structure laser system that produces the high-energy femtosecond pulse.
Background technology
Full-optical-fiber laser has obtained further investigation and extensive use because it is simple in structure, with low cost, stability high and need not to carry out advantage such as light path aligning in fields such as optical communication, super continuous spectrums generation, medical treatment.Fiber laser can be operated in different states, comprises continuous light output and pulse output.According to the difference of output pulse characteristic behind the locked mode, the light pulse of research at present mainly is divided into four classes.First kind is the traditional orphan (conventional soliton) who is operated in dispersion region.Interaction by fiber laser cavity inner fiber anomalous dispersion and Kerr nonlinearity effect reaches poised state, has realized the output of self-starting mode locking pulse.Yet because orphan's quantization of energy effect, the energy of this pulse is limited in 0.1 and receives in Jiao (nJ).Second kind is stretched pulse (stretched-pulse).The stretched pulse laser is by adding dispersive delay line in the chamber, net dispersion approaches 0 in the chamber.Pulse is periodically compressed and broadening in the transmission course in the chamber, owing to increased average pulse, has weakened nonlinear effect, and single pulse energy can reach about 1nJ, and peak power can reach a kilowatt magnitude.The third is that net dispersion is the similarity pulse (self-similar pulse) of little positive dispersion in the chamber.The similarity pulse laser is by adding the negative dispersion device realizing pulse from being in harmony evolutions in the chamber, pulse in the chamber in the communication process shape remain unchanged substantially, have the ability that certain opposing light wave divides.The 4th kind is dissipative type orphan (dissipative soliton).It is a kind of novel soliton pulse of finding recent years, results from the fiber laser with big positive dispersion.This orphan's formation is the resultant effect of gain chromatic dispersion, gain saturation and positive dispersion effect, non-linear loss etc., and wherein gain and loss have played leading role, so be referred to as the dissipative type orphan.Compare with traditional orphan, its pulsewidth has increased two, three orders of magnitude, and nonlinear effect obtains obvious suppression, and light pulse has the extremely strong light wave splitting ability of resisting, and single pulse energy can reach the level of tens nJ.
Though the dissipative type orphan has higher pulse energy, this pulse duration is general bigger, reaches tens psecs (ps), and pulse has great frequency chirp.This just needs paired pulses to go to warble, and realizes the compression of pulse on time domain, thereby obtains high peak power.General compression method comprises and uses prism to the compensation of warbling of negative dispersion device paired pulses such as, grating pair, Bragg grating.But these devices all are non-optical fiber structures, be difficult for to regulate, and when being coupled with fiber laser inconvenience.Simultaneously, these optics manufacture difficulty are big, and price is also higher, are unfavorable for popularization and the use of fiber laser on engineering.
In order to obtain more high-octane ultrashort pulse, can amplify traditional femtosecond pulse by fiber amplifier, but this makes laser system become complicated, be unfavorable for the engineering use, and the pulse after amplifying may distort.Other method that obtains high energy pulse is to add particular device etc. in laser cavity, for example uses the photonic crystal fiber (PCF) of big mould field, by increasing mode field area, reduces the energy density of light pulse, thereby improves the energy of light pulse.But the core diameter disunity of PCF and monomode fiber can't directly be coupled, and needs space optics to connect, and fiber laser system is an all optical fibre structure no longer just, causes regulating loaded down with trivial details, cost up, stability reduces.At present domestic also do not have a kind of simple in structure, be operated in communication wavelengths, can produce the fiber laser of high-energy femtosecond pulse.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of all-fiber structure laser system that produces the high-energy femtosecond pulse, be intended to solve present er-doped (Er
3+) technical problems such as the fiber laser pulse energy is low, poor stability, it is used widely in optical communication, optical sensing, optical detection field.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
This all-fiber structure laser system comprises ring laser and the monomode fiber that is used to produce high energy pulse, and described monomode fiber is divided into two parts, and a part is positioned at the ring laser chamber, and another part is positioned at outside the ring laser chamber and is used for pulse compression; Described ring laser comprises wavelength division multiplexer, Er-doped fiber, first Polarization Controller, polarization relevant isolator, second Polarization Controller and the output coupler that connects by monomode fiber in the chamber successively, and wherein the input of wavelength division multiplexer is provided with pump light source; The length of described Er-doped fiber is 3 to 50m, and it has positive dispersion near 1550nm; The output of described output coupler is connected with the monomode fiber that is positioned at outside the chamber, and this monomode fiber has negative dispersion near 1550nm, and length is 50 to 500m.
The wavelength-division scope of above-mentioned wavelength division multiplexer is 980nm/1550nm.
The output ratio of above-mentioned output coupler is 10%-80%, and selecting preferable output ratio is 70%.
Above-mentioned pumping light source output power is 100-200mW.
Above-mentioned pump light source is that operation wavelength is near the single mode semiconductor laser the 980nm, this single mode semiconductor laser running parameter and Er-doped fiber coupling.The power output that above-mentioned pump light source is suitable is 125mW, and the length of described Er-doped fiber is about 18m.
Advantage of the present invention is as follows:
The used device of this fiber laser is all the used commonplace components of ordinary optic fibre laser, and all commercializations are so cost is very cheap.
This light laser has adopted all optical fibre structure, adjusts device without spatial light, so it is simple in structure, be easy to adjusting, good stability.
This fiber laser adopts the pulse of monomode fiber squeezed light, compares with other compression devices of grating equity, has greatly reduced cost.
This fiber laser single pulse energy height, pulse width, peak power reach ten myriawatt magnitudes, need not to amplify just to can be used as the use of femtosecond source.
This erbium doped fiber laser is operated in the 1550nm wave band, and therefore correspondence and optical communicating waveband are having very big application prospect aspect optical communication, optical sensing, the optical detection.
After parameter such as the length of monomode fiber, Er-doped fiber and output coupler output being compared and being optimized, single pulse energy also can further increase, and the pulsewidth after the compression can also further reduce, and peak power also has the possibility that further increases.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the spectrogram of 125mW at pump power for dissipative type pulse of the present invention;
Fig. 3 for oscilloscope of the present invention record pulse sequence diagram;
Fig. 4 is the spectrogram of pulse of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the autocorrelator trace figure of pulse of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the autocorrelator trace figure of pulse of the present invention after being compressed.
Reference numeral is as follows:
The 1-pump light source; The 2-wavelength division multiplexer; The 3-Er-doped fiber; 4-first Polarization Controller; The 5-polarization isolator of being correlated with; 6-second Polarization Controller; The 7-output coupler; 8-compression monomode fiber.
Embodiment:
Referring to Fig. 1, the optical-fiber laser laser system of generation high-energy femtosecond pulse provided by the invention comprises the pumping source 1 that links to each other by monomode fiber successively, wavelength division multiplexer 2, Er-doped fiber 3, first Polarization Controller 4, the relevant isolator 5 of polarization, second Polarization Controller 6, output coupler 7, monomode fiber 8.Be provided with Er-doped fiber 3 between the wavelength division multiplexer 2 and first Polarization Controller 4.The length of Er-doped fiber 3 is 3 to 50m, and it selects the 20m best results for use.Pump light source 1 selection work wavelength is the single mode semiconductor laser of 980nm, and when pump power was 125mW, output pulse width was 23.1ps, and spectral width is 18nm.Pulse is through behind the monomode fiber of about 80m, and pulse is being compressed in the 300fs on the time domain.The frequency division scope of wavelength division multiplexer 2 is 980nm/1550nm; The output ratio of output coupler 4 is 70%.The model of Er-doped fiber 3 is Nufern EDFC-980-HP.
Operation principle of the present invention and concrete device parameters are as described below:
Referring to Fig. 1, it is that the semiconductor laser of 980nm is as pump light source that the present invention adopts operation wavelength, peak power output is 550mW, the WDM of its logical 980nm/1550nm carries out the pumping pumping to the erbium fibre of one section 18m, the model of this Er-doped fiber is Nufern EDFC-980-HP, and dispersion parameters D is about-42ps/nm/km at the 1550nm place.Suppress the back to feedback by the relevant isolator of polarization, to guarantee the unidirectional running of laser.First Polarization Controller, the relevant isolator acting in conjunction equivalence with polarization of second Polarization Controller are saturable absorber, thereby realize the self-starting locked mode of laser.Wherein the output rating of output coupler is that 70%, 30% energy is stayed ring laser, and this output rating can guarantee that the pulse of output has bigger energy, does not influence the stability of locked mode simultaneously.
The tail optical fiber of WDM, the relevant isolator of polarization, output coupler is a common single mode optical fibres, and its total length is 7.5m, and abbe number D is about 17ps/nm/km at the 1550nm place.
The total length of this laser is 25.5m, is 8.2MHz corresponding to the fundamental frequency in chamber, and wherein the length of erbium fibre is 18m, the net dispersion β in the chamber
2For+0.8ps
2
The device that is used for pulse compression is one section monomode fiber that about 80m is long, and abbe number D is about 17ps/nm/km, and the optimum length of used compression optical fiber is determined by the characteristic of outgoing pulse.
Adopt spectroanalysis instrument (YOKOGAWA-6370B) to measure the spectrum of output pulse in the test, utilize autocorrelation function analyzer to measure respectively and compress width preceding and the compression afterpulse.The output pulse is carried out after photoelectricity transforms the output pulse sequence and the mode-lock status of observing laser respectively with oscilloscope and frequency spectrograph.Adopt shape design of this structure chamber, the length by rationally selecting the erbium fibre and the length of device tail optical fiber are come the size of net dispersion in the control chamber.Under big positive dispersion condition,, just can obtain high-octane pulse by regulating Polarization Controller.At this moment directly the pulse duration of output is generally tens ps, compresses by a section single-mould fiber paired pulses, and pulse duration can reach femtosecond (fs) magnitude.
The part of testing used annular optical fiber laser all uses the device of traditional fiber laser, has the advantage that simple in structure, cheap, good stability etc. is used.It can solve the low shortcoming of traditional femto second optical fiber laser pulse energy.Its output pulse can reach ten myriawatt magnitudes through overcompression postpeak value power.Compare with the solid state laser that produces the high-energy femtosecond pulse, it have the pumping efficiency height, easy to adjust, be easy to advantage such as optical fiber coupling.
Concrete principle of the present invention and experimental result are as follows:
The laser of the type can utilize nonlinear polarization (NPR:Nonlinear PolarizationRotation) technology of revolving to realize locked mode.Reach the threshold value of self-starting locked mode when pump power after, by adjusting the polarization state that first Polarization Controller and second Polarization Controller change optical fiber, laser can be realized stable mode locking pulse output.In experimentation, when pump power reaches 100mW when above, by regulating two Polarization Controllers, laser can be realized stable mode locking pulse output.Continue to regulate two Polarization Controllers and make mode locking pulse spectrum reach broad, fix two Polarization Controllers then.Increase the power of pump light, laser is pulse output between 100 to 200mW.Reach 200mW when above in pumping, laser tends to be operated in the multiple-pulse state.Keep pump power at 125mW, the spectrum of the pulse of being exported, pulse train, frequency spectrum and autocorrelator trace are respectively as Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, shown in Figure 5.Experimental result as shown in the figure can be explained by following principle:
Initial white noise pulse in the fiber laser resonant cavity obtains gain by pumping after entering the erbium fibre amplifies, simultaneously because the strong broadening thereupon that causes pulse spectrum from phase modulated nonlinear effects such as (SPM).Yet because the spectral filtering effect of interacvity gain erbium fibre, the spectral width of pulse can not infinitely increase, and the spectral filtering that caused spectrum widening of SPM and gain erbium fibre are caused will reach dynamic equilibrium.On time domain, because the erbium fibre has great positive dispersion, pulse also broadening thereupon in the gain amplification process.This afterpulse enters into the relevant formed equivalent saturable absorber of isolator of Polarization Controller and polarization, and the both wings of pulse partly are eliminated, and causes that pulsewidth reduces on the time domain.This process moves in circles, and forms in the chamber from being in harmony evolution until the pulse of initial input light wave, finally can obtain stable mode locking pulse output, and the spectrum of output pulse has precipitous edge.This shows that formed pulse is coefficient results such as laser gain, nonlinear polarization rotation and non-linear loss, the dissipative type pulse therefore is otherwise known as.Warble to just because nonlinear effect such as SPM is introduced, simultaneously the chamber internal dispersion also be bigger on the occasion of, both actings in conjunction cause the peak pulse duration of dissipative type pulse bigger, two, three orders of magnitude have been increased than conventional negative chromatic dispersion orphan, pulse peak power in the chamber will maintain lower level, thereby can effectively avoid light wave division effect, the output pulse energy has also improved two more than the order of magnitude.
Referring to Fig. 2, when pump power was 125mW, the spectrum of output was approximately rectangle, and its width is 18nm, and centre wavelength is 1565nm.The autocorrelator trace of pulse as shown in Figure 5, its half-peak value full duration is 32.4ps, comes match with the gaussian-shape pulse, can obtain pulse duration is 23.1ps.Can obtain its time bandwidth product by calculating and be about 40, much larger than the time-bandwidth product of no chirped pulse.This explanation dissipative type pulse has huge warbling, and also conforms to theory analysis simultaneously.The power that records output is about 50mW, can obtain single pulse energy near 8nJ by calculating, though pulse has at this moment had bigger energy, yet its pulsewidth is broad also, peak power is also lower, can not satisfy application requirements, does not for example also reach the requirement of using as the femtosecond source.
Utilize monomode fiber to dissipative type pulse go to warble and realized the compression of pulse, its principle is:
The dissipative type pulse of outgoing results from the chamber with very big positive dispersion, and pulse has very big positive linear chrip.When this type of pulse has when transmitting in the monomode fiber with negative dispersion, monomode fiber can cause pulse to produce negative warbling.When inceptive impulse transmitted in monomode fiber like this, its linear segment of warbling had just been compensated by monomode fiber, and chirped pulse has just become the pulse that approximate nothing is warbled, thereby realized the compression of light pulse on time domain.As shown in Figure 6.Original chirped pulse is compressed to below the 300fs at the monomode fiber through about 80m.The secondary lobe on both sides causes mainly due to the non-linear chirp that can't compress.Other compression pulse method is favourable carries out dispersion compensation with grating pair, chirped mirror etc., and the principle of its principle and monomode fiber compression pulse is similar, all is to utilize the dispersion compensation principle.But all non-optical fiber structure of these space optics is unfavorable for regulating.In addition, compare with monomode fiber, it costs an arm and a leg, make difficulty and environmental stability is low, has limited their uses in engineering.
In sum, the fiber laser of the type has solved the shortcoming that conventional laser fibre laser pulse energy is low, pulsewidth is big.Utilize the dissipative type laser system to produce the pulse of energy up to 8nJ, its pulsewidth is 23.1ps.Through the compression of a section single-mould fiber, pulse duration becomes 290fs, and peak power reaches 26kW.This femto second optical fiber laser have the pulse energy height, simple in structure, be easy to advantages such as adjusting, good stability, it can be with a wide range of applications at aspects such as optical communication, optical detection, medical treatment directly as the use of femtosecond source without just amplifying.
Claims (7)
1. all-fiber structure laser system that produces the high-energy femtosecond pulse, this system comprises ring laser and monomode fiber, it is characterized in that: described monomode fiber is divided into two parts, and a part is positioned at the ring laser chamber, and another part is positioned at outside the ring laser chamber; Described ring laser comprises wavelength division multiplexer, Er-doped fiber, first Polarization Controller, polarization relevant isolator, second Polarization Controller and the output coupler that connects by monomode fiber in the chamber successively, and wherein the input of wavelength division multiplexer is provided with pump light source; The length of described Er-doped fiber is 3 to 50m, and it has positive dispersion near 1550nm; The output of described output coupler is connected with the monomode fiber that is positioned at outside the chamber, and this monomode fiber has negative dispersion near 1550nm, and length is 50 to 500m.
2. the all-fiber structure laser system of generation high-energy femtosecond pulse according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the wavelength-division scope of described wavelength division multiplexer is 980nm/1550nm.
3. the fiber laser system of generation high-energy femtosecond pulse according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the output ratio of described output coupler is 10%-80%.
4. the novel optical fiber laser system of generation high energy pulse according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described pump light source power output is 100-200mW.
5. the fiber laser system of generation high-energy femtosecond pulse according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the output ratio of described output coupler is 70%.
6. according to the fiber laser system of the arbitrary described generation high-energy femtosecond pulse of claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that: described pump light source is that operation wavelength is the single mode semiconductor laser of 980nm, this single mode semiconductor laser running parameter and Er-doped fiber coupling.
7. the fiber laser system of generation high-energy femtosecond pulse according to claim 6 is characterized in that: described pump light source power output is 125mW, and the length of described Er-doped fiber is 18m.
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| CN103474870A (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2013-12-25 | 湖南大学 | Method for generating picosecond laser pulses |
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