CN113991403A - Femtosecond optical fiber amplification system - Google Patents

Femtosecond optical fiber amplification system Download PDF

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CN113991403A
CN113991403A CN202111606826.9A CN202111606826A CN113991403A CN 113991403 A CN113991403 A CN 113991403A CN 202111606826 A CN202111606826 A CN 202111606826A CN 113991403 A CN113991403 A CN 113991403A
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ytterbium
optical fiber
fiber
femtosecond
doped
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CN113991403B (en
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赵坤
刘梦霖
刘民哲
王丽莎
闫炜
贾中青
翟瑞占
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Laser Institute of Shandong Academy of Science
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Laser Institute of Shandong Academy of Science
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/06754Fibre amplifiers
    • H01S3/06758Tandem amplifiers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/005Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
    • H01S3/0085Modulating the output, i.e. the laser beam is modulated outside the laser cavity
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/06708Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/06708Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
    • H01S3/06716Fibre compositions or doping with active elements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/14Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
    • H01S3/16Solid materials
    • H01S3/1601Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion
    • H01S3/1603Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion rare earth
    • H01S3/1618Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion rare earth ytterbium

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber amplifiers, and particularly discloses a femtosecond optical fiber amplification system which comprises a femtosecond optical fiber oscillator module, an oscillator compression module, a band-pass filtering module, an ytterbium-doped optical fiber cascade amplification module and an amplifier compression module which are sequentially arranged, wherein a first ytterbium-doped optical fiber and a second ytterbium-doped optical fiber which are welded together and share the same pump are sequentially arranged in the ytterbium-doped optical fiber cascade amplification module; the ytterbium ion doping concentration of the second ytterbium-doped optical fiber is lower than that of the first ytterbium-doped optical fiber, and the length of the second ytterbium-doped optical fiber is longer than that of the first ytterbium-doped optical fiber. The first ytterbium-doped fiber is used for amplifying the pulse energy to the energy level required by the self-similar amplification, and the second ytterbium-doped fiber is used for realizing the self-similar amplification of the femtosecond laser pulse. The femtosecond fiber amplification system disclosed by the invention can obtain shorter pulse width after compression through self-similar amplification. And the laser pulse after self-similar amplification is parabolic in shape and has linear chirp, so that the laser is more suitable for being used as seed source laser for amplifying the chirped pulse of the optical fiber.

Description

Femtosecond optical fiber amplification system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber amplifiers, in particular to a femtosecond optical fiber amplifying system.
Background
The femtosecond laser has the characteristics of short pulse width, high peak power, broadband coherent spectrum and the like, and is widely applied to the advanced scientific research fields of biomedical imaging, chemical detection, extreme physical environment generation, precise optical measurement and the like, and the national production fields of precision machining and the like. The pulse width of a femtosecond laser is an important performance parameter. For example, in ultra-fast detection applications, shorter pulse widths lead to higher detection time resolution, which means that more transient physical and chemical processes can be detected and manipulated. In the field of precision machining application, femtosecond laser with shorter pulse width is provided, which often brings higher material machining precision and machining quality.
The femtosecond laser can be divided into a femtosecond solid laser and a femtosecond fiber laser according to the laser gain medium. Compared with a femtosecond solid laser, the femtosecond fiber laser has the advantages of good heat dissipation performance, good beam quality, compact structure, high long-term stability and the like, and is a powerful way for realizing large-scale application of the femtosecond laser. The femtosecond fiber laser comprises a femtosecond fiber oscillator and a femtosecond fiber amplifier, wherein the femtosecond fiber oscillator is used for generating femtosecond laser, and the femtosecond fiber amplifier is used for amplifying the generated femtosecond laser.
At present, most of common 1 mu m wave band femtosecond optical fiber oscillators in the market generate femtosecond laser by using a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror mode locking, the pulse energy of the generated femtosecond laser is generally less than 1nJ, the spectrum width is 10-20 nm, and the pulse width after compression is generally more than 100 fs. Since the femtosecond laser pulse energy generated by the femtosecond fiber oscillator is small, the femtosecond fiber oscillator is often amplified by a primary fiber amplifier. At present, the first-stage optical fiber amplifier behind the oscillator mostly adopts a conventional optical fiber laser amplifier to directly perform linear amplification on femtosecond laser pulses. Although the femtosecond laser pulse energy can be improved to a few nanojoules, the spectral width and pulse width are not greatly changed, and the pulse width after compression is still generally larger than 100 fs. That is, although the conventional fiber laser amplifier can amplify the femtosecond laser pulse energy, it is difficult to achieve further shortening of the femtosecond laser pulse width.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a femtosecond fiber amplification system to achieve the purpose of expanding the laser spectral width and obtaining a shorter pulse width while amplifying the femtosecond laser pulse energy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a femtosecond optical fiber amplification system comprises a femtosecond optical fiber oscillator module, an oscillator compression module, a band-pass filter module, an ytterbium-doped optical fiber cascade amplification module and an amplifier compression module which are sequentially arranged, wherein a first ytterbium-doped optical fiber and a second ytterbium-doped optical fiber which are welded together are sequentially arranged in the ytterbium-doped optical fiber cascade amplification module, and the first ytterbium-doped optical fiber and the second ytterbium-doped optical fiber share the same semiconductor laser as a pumping light source; the ytterbium ion doping concentration of the second ytterbium-doped optical fiber is lower than that of the first ytterbium-doped optical fiber, the length of the second ytterbium-doped optical fiber is larger than that of the first ytterbium-doped optical fiber, the first ytterbium-doped optical fiber is used for amplifying the energy of the femtosecond laser pulse to an energy level required by self-similar amplification, and the second ytterbium-doped optical fiber is used for realizing the self-similar amplification of the femtosecond laser pulse.
In the scheme, the absorption coefficient of the first ytterbium-doped fiber to 975nm pump light is 200-600dB/m, and the length is 0.1-1 m; the absorption coefficient of the second ytterbium-doped fiber to 975nm pump light is 10-100dB/m, and the length is 5-15 m.
In the above scheme, the femtosecond fiber oscillator module comprises a femtosecond fiber oscillator and an isolator which are sequentially arranged.
In the above scheme, oscillator compression module is including the first transmission grating, the second transmission grating, first roof mirror, first speculum and the second mirror that set gradually, first roof mirror is the speculum that two sides were placed from top to bottom, was 45 contained angles.
In the above scheme, the band-pass filtering module is a band-pass filter.
In the above scheme, the ytterbium-doped fiber cascade amplification module further includes a wavelength division multiplexer and a first collimator sequentially connected to the first ytterbium-doped fiber, and a second collimator connected to the second ytterbium-doped fiber, and the semiconductor laser is connected to the wavelength division multiplexer through the pump protector.
In the above scheme, amplifier compression module is including the third transmission grating, the fourth transmission grating, second roof mirror and the third speculum that set gradually, second roof mirror is that the speculum that places, is 45 contained angles about the two sides.
Through the technical scheme, the femtosecond optical fiber amplification system provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the first ytterbium-doped optical fiber and the second ytterbium-doped optical fiber are cascaded, and the first ytterbium-doped optical fiber with short length and high doping concentration is used for properly amplifying pulse energy to enable the femtosecond laser pulse energy to reach the energy level required by self-similar amplification; the femtosecond laser pulses can then achieve self-similar amplification in a second ytterbium-doped fiber of lower doping concentration of longer subsequent length. The femtosecond fiber amplifier can widen the pulse spectral width to 41.8nm while improving the femtosecond laser pulse energy to more than 5nJ, and the pulse width after compression is as short as 72.3 fs. In addition, the time domain pulse shape of the laser pulse after self-similarity amplification presents a parabolic shape and has linear chirp, and the laser pulse is more suitable for being used as seed source laser of a subsequent optical fiber chirp pulse amplification system.
2. The first ytterbium-doped optical fiber and the second ytterbium-doped optical fiber share the same semiconductor laser as a pumping light source, femtosecond laser pulse self-similar amplification is realized in the same level of optical fiber amplification level, and the system structure is simple.
3. The invention adopts the oscillator compression module to compress the femtosecond laser pulse with positive dispersion output by the femtosecond fiber oscillator to the shortest, and then uses the band-pass filter with the bandwidth of 4nm to narrow the spectrum, thereby reducing the dispersion broadening effect of the femtosecond laser pulse in the fiber, preventing the pulse width from being sharply broadened due to the dispersion effect in the fiber before the femtosecond laser pulse enters the second ytterbium-doped fiber for amplification, and ensuring that the pulse width can reach the pulse width level required by self-similar amplification.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a femtosecond optical fiber amplification system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an internal portion of an oscillator compression module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the laser spectrum output by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of compressed autocorrelation measurement pulse width of laser output according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a femtosecond fiber oscillator module; 2. an oscillator compression module; 3. a band-pass filtering module; 4. an ytterbium-doped optical fiber cascade amplification module; 5. an amplifier compression module; 11. a femtosecond fiber oscillator; 12. an isolator; 21. a first transmission grating; 22. a second transmission grating; 23. a first roof mirror; 24. a first reflector; 25. a second reflector; 41. a first collimator; 42. a wavelength division multiplexer; 43. a semiconductor laser; 44. a pumping protector; 45. a first ytterbium-doped fiber; 46. a second ytterbium-doped fiber; 47. a second collimator; 51. a third transmission grating; 52. a fourth transmission grating; 53. a second roof mirror; 54. a third mirror.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
The invention provides a femtosecond optical fiber amplification system, which comprises a femtosecond optical fiber oscillator module 1, an oscillator compression module 2, a band-pass filter module 3, an ytterbium-doped optical fiber cascade amplification module 4 and an amplifier compression module 5 which are sequentially arranged as shown in figure 1. The femtosecond fiber oscillator module 1 is used for generating femtosecond laser pulses with the central wavelength near 1030nm and the bandwidth of about 20 nm. And the oscillator compression module 2 is used for compressing the pulse width of the femtosecond laser pulse with positive dispersion generated by the femtosecond fiber oscillator module to the shortest. The band-pass filtering module 3 narrows the spectrum of the compressed femtosecond laser pulse with the bandwidth of about 20nm, and only reserves the spectrum with the bandwidth of about 4nm near 1030nm, so that the pulse width of the femtosecond laser pulse is not sharply widened due to the dispersion effect in the optical fiber before the femtosecond laser pulse enters the second ytterbium-doped optical fiber, and the pulse width can reach the pulse width level required by self-similar amplification. And the ytterbium-doped optical fiber cascade amplification module 4 is used for realizing self-similar amplification of femtosecond laser pulses. And the amplifier compression module 5 is used for compressing the pulse width to the shortest.
The femtosecond fiber oscillator module 1 includes a femtosecond fiber oscillator 11 and an isolator 12 which are sequentially disposed. The femtosecond fiber oscillator 11 is used for generating femtosecond laser pulses, and the isolator 12 plays an isolating role for ensuring that the femtosecond fiber oscillator 11 is not interfered.
As shown in fig. 2, the oscillator compression module 2 includes a first transmission grating 21, a second transmission grating 22, a first roof mirror 23, a first reflection mirror 24, and a second reflection mirror 25, which are sequentially disposed. The combination of the first transmission grating 21, the second transmission grating 22 and the first roof mirror 23 is used to provide negative dispersion, compressing the femtosecond laser pulse width to the shortest. The femtosecond laser pulse coming out of the isolator 12 passes through the first-order diffraction light behind the first transmission grating 21 to generate angular dispersion, and then passes through the second transmission grating 22 to become parallel light. The first ridge mirror 23 is a reflector with two surfaces arranged up and down and an included angle of 45 degrees, and the femtosecond laser pulse is incident to the upper surface reflector of the first ridge mirror 23 and then parallelly folded back through the lower surface reflector. Subsequently, the femtosecond laser pulse sequentially passes through the second transmission grating 22 and the first transmission grating 21 and exits from the lower surface in the incident light direction. Finally, the femtosecond laser pulse is output after being deflected by the first reflecting mirror 24 and the second reflecting mirror 25. The optical paths in fig. 1 only represent the positional relationship, and the specific optical paths are shown in fig. 2.
The band-pass filter module 3 is a band-pass filter plate and is used for narrowing the spectrum of the femtosecond laser pulse and reserving the spectrum with the bandwidth of about 4nm near 1030 nm.
The ytterbium-doped fiber cascade amplification module 4 comprises a first collimator 41, a wavelength division multiplexer 42, a first ytterbium-doped fiber 45, a second ytterbium-doped fiber 46 and a second collimator 47 which are connected in sequence through optical fibers. The wavelength division multiplexer 42 is connected to a semiconductor laser 43 through a pump protector 44. The first collimator 41 is used to collect femtosecond laser pulses into an optical fiber, which is a single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber. The wavelength division multiplexer 42 is used to introduce pump laser light and femtosecond laser pulses into the first ytterbium-doped fiber 45 and the second ytterbium-doped fiber 46. The semiconductor laser 43 is used to pump a first ytterbium doped fiber 45 and a second ytterbium doped fiber 46. The pump protector 44 is used to ensure that the semiconductor laser 43 is not disturbed. The first ytterbium-doped fiber 45 is a single-mode polarization-maintaining ytterbium-doped fiber, the doping concentration of ytterbium ions is relatively high, and the absorption coefficient of the pump light with the wavelength of 975nm is 200-600 dB/m. The first ytterbium-doped fiber 45 is short in length, 0.1-1m, and is used for amplifying femtosecond laser pulse energy to reach a pulse energy level required for realizing self-similar amplification in the subsequent second ytterbium-doped fiber 46. The second ytterbium-doped fiber 46 is a single-mode polarization-maintaining ytterbium-doped fiber, the ytterbium ion doping concentration is relatively low, and the absorption coefficient of the pump light with the wavelength of 975nm is 10-100 dB/m. The second ytterbium-doped fiber 46 is long and 5-15m long, is used for realizing self-similar amplification of femtosecond laser pulse, and widens the spectrum width while amplifying the energy of the femtosecond laser pulse. The second collimator 47 is used to collimate the output and its accompanying fiber is a single mode polarization maintaining fiber.
The amplifier compression module 5 comprises a third transmission grating 51, a fourth transmission grating 52, a second ridge mirror 53 and a third reflector 54 which are arranged in sequence, wherein the second ridge mirror 53 is a reflector which is arranged up and down on two sides and forms an included angle of 45 degrees. The combination of the third transmission grating 51, the fourth transmission grating 52 and the second roof mirror 53 is used to provide negative dispersion, compressing the pulse width to the shortest. The third mirror 54 is used for the deflection of the femtosecond laser pulses. The working principle of the amplifier compression module 5 is the same as the working principle of the oscillator compression module 2 in fig. 2.
One embodiment of the present invention is as follows:
the output femtosecond laser pulse of the femtosecond fiber oscillator 11 has a spectral width of about 20nm, a repetition frequency of 37MHz, a pulse energy of 0.2nJ, a pulse width of 5ps, and uncompressed pulse with positive dispersion. The femtosecond laser pulses pass through the isolator 12 with almost no change in pulse characteristics. The femtosecond laser pulses pass through an oscillator compression module 2 providing negative dispersion, and the pulse width is compressed to 118 fs. Then, the femtosecond laser pulse passes through the band-pass filter module 3, and after the spectrum is narrowed, the spectrum width is changed to 4nm, and the pulse width is changed to 482 fs. After the spectrum is narrowed, the femtosecond laser pulse can not be sharply widened due to dispersion effect after entering the optical fiber.
Then, the femtosecond laser pulses are collected by the first collimator 41 and enter the optical fiber, and after the pulse compression, the band-pass filtering and the first collimator collection, the energy of the femtosecond laser pulses is reduced to 0.02 nJ. The femtosecond laser pulses and the pump laser output from the semiconductor laser 43 enter the first ytterbium-doped fiber 45 with high doping concentration through the wavelength division multiplexer 42. After amplification by the first ytterbium-doped fiber 45 having a length of 40cm (absorption coefficient of 250dB/m for pump light having a wavelength of 975 nm), the pulse energy became 0.5 nJ. This pulse energy and pulse width level ensures that the femtosecond laser pulses can achieve self-similar amplification in the subsequent second ytterbium-doped fiber 46 of low doping concentration. Subsequently, the femtosecond laser pulses and the remaining pump light enter the second ytterbium-doped fiber 46 (the absorption coefficient of the pump light with the wavelength of 975nm is 80 dB/m), the femtosecond laser pulses realize self-similar amplification in the second ytterbium-doped fiber 46 with the length of 8m, the pulse energy is amplified to 5.6nJ, and as shown in fig. 3, the laser spectral width is widened to 41.8 nm. The amplifier compression module 5 providing negative dispersion completes pulse width compression, and the femtosecond laser pulse is diverted and output through the third reflector 54. As shown in fig. 4, the pulse width is compressed to 72.3 fs.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (7)

1. A femtosecond optical fiber amplification system is characterized by comprising a femtosecond optical fiber oscillator module, an oscillator compression module, a band-pass filter module, an ytterbium-doped optical fiber cascade amplification module and an amplifier compression module which are sequentially arranged, wherein a first ytterbium-doped optical fiber and a second ytterbium-doped optical fiber which are welded together are sequentially arranged in the ytterbium-doped optical fiber cascade amplification module, and the first ytterbium-doped optical fiber and the second ytterbium-doped optical fiber share the same semiconductor laser as a pumping light source; the ytterbium ion doping concentration of the second ytterbium-doped optical fiber is lower than that of the first ytterbium-doped optical fiber, the length of the second ytterbium-doped optical fiber is larger than that of the first ytterbium-doped optical fiber, the first ytterbium-doped optical fiber is used for amplifying the energy of the femtosecond laser pulse to an energy level required by self-similar amplification, and the second ytterbium-doped optical fiber is used for realizing the self-similar amplification of the femtosecond laser pulse.
2. The femtosecond fiber amplification system as set forth in claim 1, wherein the absorption coefficient of the first ytterbium-doped fiber to 975nm pump light is 200-600dB/m, and the length is 0.1-1 m; the absorption coefficient of the second ytterbium-doped fiber to 975nm pump light is 10-100dB/m, and the length is 5-15 m.
3. A femtosecond fiber amplification system according to claim 1, wherein the femtosecond fiber oscillator module comprises a femtosecond fiber oscillator and an isolator which are arranged in sequence.
4. The femtosecond fiber amplification system according to claim 1, wherein the oscillator compression module comprises a first transmission grating, a second transmission grating, a first ridge mirror, a first reflector and a second reflector which are arranged in sequence, and the first ridge mirror is a reflector which is arranged on two sides of the first ridge mirror in an up-and-down manner and forms an included angle of 45 degrees.
5. The femtosecond fiber amplification system according to claim 1, wherein the band-pass filter module is a band-pass filter.
6. The femtosecond fiber amplification system according to claim 1, wherein the ytterbium-doped fiber cascade amplification module further comprises a wavelength division multiplexer and a first collimator sequentially connected to the first ytterbium-doped fiber, and a second collimator connected to the second ytterbium-doped fiber, and the semiconductor laser is connected to the wavelength division multiplexer through a pump protector.
7. The femtosecond fiber amplification system according to claim 1, wherein the amplifier compression module comprises a third transmission grating, a fourth transmission grating, a second ridge mirror and a third reflector, which are arranged in sequence, and the second ridge mirror is a reflector with two faces arranged up and down and an included angle of 45 °.
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