CN110137786B - All-fiber laser system and method for generating soliton explosion mode - Google Patents
All-fiber laser system and method for generating soliton explosion mode Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an all-fiber laser system and a method for generating a soliton explosion mode, and aims to solve the technical problem that an existing fiber laser is difficult to directly output soliton pulses in the explosion mode. The system comprises a passive mode-locking fiber laser (1), an isolator (2), a fiber amplifier (3), a photonic crystal fiber (4), a programmable optical filter (5), a first single-mode fiber (6), a coupler (7) and a second single-mode fiber (8) which are connected in sequence. The laser system has the advantages of simple and compact structure, good stability and the like, and the pulse number inside the soliton cluster can be controlled and the pulse repetition frequency can be continuously adjusted in GHz level by adjusting the filtering bandwidth and the filtering wavelength interval of the programmable optical filter (5), so that the system cost is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser, and particularly relates to a design of an all-fiber laser system and a method for generating explosion mode soliton pulses.
Background
The ultrashort pulse fiber laser has the advantages of good beam quality, high peak power, short interaction time between laser and materials and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of laser marking, laser micromachining, laser derusting, pulse laser deposition and the like.
Depending on the material and processing requirements, the performance requirements for the laser beam in terms of single pulse energy, pulse width, repetition rate, etc. also vary. In high precision micromachining applications, researchers have proposed using laser pulses operating in soliton burst-mode to reduce the rate at which heat is dissipated from the material, thereby increasing ablation efficiency. The soliton burst mode refers to soliton cluster pulses with repetition frequency in the MHz magnitude, and the pulse repetition frequency inside the soliton cluster is in the GHz magnitude. Because the burst mode pulse has higher pulse peak power and lower system average power, the ablation characteristic of the pulse laser is superior to that of a common high-repetition-frequency ultrashort pulse fiber laser, and an alternative solution is provided for the field of material processing.
The burst mode pulse is mainly obtained by introducing an active device, such as an acousto-optic modulator (AOM), an electro-optic modulator (EOM), a Phase Modulator (PM) or an Intensity Modulator (IM), in the outside of a laser cavity to modulate an optical pulse in a time domain to generate an ideal seed pulse train. In recent years, in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation (NPR) passive mode-locked fiber laser, by increasing pumping power and accurately regulating and controlling parameters such as intracavity birefringence and dispersion, interaction among a plurality of pulses split due to a peak power clamping effect is balanced, and a stable soliton explosion mode can be realized.
Therefore, an all-fiber laser system and a method for generating soliton burst mode are provided, a complex pulse shaping technology is not needed, the electronic technology is not needed, burst mode pulse can be generated through simple debugging, and the all-fiber laser system and the method have wide application prospect in high-quality laser micromachining.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that an explosion mode soliton pulse is difficult to directly output in the conventional optical fiber laser, and provides an all-fiber laser system and a method for generating a soliton explosion mode.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an all-fiber laser system and a method for generating a soliton explosion mode comprise a passive mode-locked fiber laser, an isolator, a fiber amplifier, a photonic crystal fiber, a programmable optical filter, a first single-mode fiber, a coupler and a second single-mode fiber which are connected in sequence; the programmable optical filter is used for shaping the spectrum of the output light pulse of the photonic crystal fiber into a comb shape; the first single-mode fiber is used for converting the comb-shaped pulse output by the programmable optical filter into the comb-shaped soliton cluster light pulse in the time domain.
Preferably, the passive mode-locked fiber laser is an ytterbium-doped mode-locked fiber laser working in a net positive dispersion or full positive dispersion region, the output is a dissipative soliton pulse, the pulse time domain shape is gaussian, the corresponding spectrum shape is approximately rectangular, and the central wavelength λ of the output pulse is: 1060nm, output pulse repetition frequency in MHz order.
Preferably, the isolator is a polarization independent optical isolator for isolating the reflected light wave from the fiber amplifier and preventing the reflected light from returning to the passively mode-locked fiber laser to interfere with or even disrupt mode-locked operation.
Preferably, the fiber amplifier is an ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier.
Preferably, the photonic crystal fiber has a length of 90m and near zero dispersion at 1060 nm.
Preferably, the filter bandwidth range of the programmable optical filter satisfies: f is less than or equal to 1nmBW≤50nm。
Preferably, the first single mode fibre has a length of 10km with positive dispersion at 1060 nm.
Preferably, the coupler is a 3dB optical coupler with a coupling ratio of 50/50.
Preferably, the second single mode fibre has a length of 30m and a positive dispersion at 1060 nm.
The invention also provides a method for generating the soliton explosion mode, which comprises the following steps:
s1, under the combined action of a gain medium spectrum filtering effect, a Kerr nonlinear effect, positive dispersion, a saturable absorber, gain, loss and the like, and when the pumping power exceeds a mode locking threshold value, the passive mode locking fiber laser realizes stable dissipation soliton mode locking pulse output, wherein the pulse time domain shape is Gaussian-shaped, and the corresponding spectrum shape is approximately rectangular;
s2, inputting the dissipative soliton pulse output by the passive mode-locked fiber laser into a fiber amplifier for power amplification, so that the energy of the output dissipative soliton pulse is further improved;
s3, inputting the dissipation soliton pulse amplified by the optical fiber amplifier power into the photonic crystal fiber for transmission, wherein the pulse has high peak power, and when the pulse passes through the photonic crystal fiber, various nonlinear effects are shown as follows: the combined action of self-phase modulation, cross-phase modulation, four-wave mixing, stimulated Raman scattering and the like enables a plurality of new frequency components to be generated in the spectrum of the emergent pulse, so that the spectrum is widened, and meanwhile, as the optical fiber has near-zero dispersion, the pulse keeps higher peak power in the transmission process, so that the pulse is continuously acted by a nonlinear effect; finally, the spectral width of the output pulse of the photonic crystal fiber is rapidly broadened compared with the incident pulse;
s4, inputting the broadened spectrum pulse output by the photonic crystal fiber into a programmable optical filter for spectrum filtering, so that the spectrum shape of the pulse output by the programmable optical filter is changed into a comb shape;
s5, inputting the optical pulse which is output by the programmable optical filter and takes the comb-like spectrum shape into a first single-mode optical fiber for transmission, and applying a linear frequency chirp to the pulse due to the group velocity dispersion effect of the optical fiber, so that the time domain of the pulse is gradually widened; when the length of the first single-mode optical fiber is long enough and the dispersion quantity accumulated by the pulse is large enough, the time-domain shape of the output pulse of the first single-mode optical fiber is similar to the spectral shape of the output pulse of the programmable optical filter; because the spectrum of the output pulse of the programmable optical filter is comb-shaped, under the action of the accumulated strong dispersion effect, the time domain shape of the output pulse of the first single-mode optical fiber is also comb-shaped, and the interval and the pulse number between the output comb-shaped pulses are determined by the filtering bandwidth and the filtering wavelength interval of the programmable optical filter, so that the output of the soliton explosion mode laser pulse is realized, the pulse number in a soliton cluster is controllable, and the pulse repetition frequency is continuously adjustable in GHz level;
s6, inputting the optical pulse output by the first single mode fiber into the coupler, dividing the optical pulse into two identical soliton clusters, respectively propagating the two soliton clusters along two output arms of the coupler, wherein one soliton cluster is directly output, the second soliton cluster generates time delay relative to the first soliton cluster through the second single mode fiber, and finally realizing multiplication of the repetition frequency of the output soliton cluster by accurately controlling the time delay.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the devices used in the invention are all commercialized and are easy to purchase, so that the method of the invention is easy to implement.
(2) The invention adopts an all-fiber structure, and has high coupling efficiency, good light beam quality and good heat dissipation.
(3) The invention has the advantages of simple and compact structure, simple debugging, high stability and the like.
(4) The invention can realize the laser output with controllable pulse number inside the soliton cluster and continuously adjustable pulse repetition frequency in GHz level, and the laser system can be directly applied to the field of micro-machining and also can be used as a seed source of a high-energy pulse amplifier.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of an all-fiber laser system and method for generating a soliton burst mode according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the spectral shape of the output pulse through a programmable optical filter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a time domain plot of the output pulse through a first single mode fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: the fiber laser comprises 1-a passive mode-locking fiber laser, 2-an isolator, 3-a fiber amplifier, 4-a photonic crystal fiber, 5-a programmable optical filter, 6-a first single-mode fiber, 7-a coupler and 8-a second single-mode fiber.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides an all-fiber laser system for generating a soliton explosion mode, which comprises a passive mode-locked fiber laser 1, an isolator 2, a fiber amplifier 3, a photonic crystal fiber 4, a programmable optical filter 5, a first single-mode fiber 6, a coupler 7 and a second single-mode fiber 8 which are connected in sequence as shown in figure 1.
In the embodiment of the invention, the passive mode-locked fiber laser 1 is an ytterbium-doped mode-locked fiber laser working in a net positive dispersion area, the output is dissipation soliton pulse, the pulse time domain shape is Gaussian-shaped, the corresponding spectrum shape is approximately rectangular, and the central wavelength lambda of the output pulse is as follows: 1060nm, output pulse repetition frequency in MHz order.
The isolator 2 is a polarization independent optical isolator and is used for isolating the reflected light wave of the optical fiber amplifier 3 and preventing the reflected light from returning to the passive mode-locked fiber laser 1 to interfere and even destroy the mode-locked operation.
The optical fiber amplifier 3 is an ytterbium-doped optical fiber amplifier.
The photonic crystal fiber 4 can be a photonic crystal fiber produced by China Long fly, the total length of which is 90m, the nonlinear parameter gamma of which is 11/W/km at 1060nm, and the zero dispersion wavelength is as follows: 1030 nm.
The programmable optical filter 5 can adopt a Wave sharp 1000A/SP programmable optical filter produced by Finisar corporation of America, and the filtering bandwidth range of the filter meets the following requirements: f is less than or equal to 1nmBW≤50nm。
The first single mode fiber 6 may be HI 1060 single mode fiber manufactured by Corning, USA, with a total length of 10km and an Abbe number of β at 1060nm2Is 23ps2/km。
The output ratio of coupler 7 is 50/50.
The second single mode fiber 8 may be a HI 1060 single mode fiber manufactured by Corning, USA, having a total length of 30m and an Abbe number of β at 1060nm2Is 23ps2/km。
The main working principle involved in the invention is as follows:
starting from the nonlinear schrodinger equation, only considering the second-order dispersion coefficient without considering the fiber loss and gain, the transmission of the optical pulse with the comb-shaped spectral shape output by the programmable optical filter 5 in the first single-mode fiber 6 satisfies the following equation:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
representing the Fourier transform, omega, of the amplitude envelope A (z, T) of a comb-shaped optical pulse at a certain position z in an optical fiber0The/2 pi represents the center frequency of the pulse, z is the propagation distance, β2Is the second order dispersion coefficient and T is the reference time length of the pulse propagating at the group velocity.
By solving equation (1), an expression of the amplitude envelope at z of the optical pulse propagating in the first single-mode fiber 6 can be obtained:
when | β2When z | is sufficiently large, equation (2) can be approximated as:
intensity expression of the corresponding output pulse time domain:
wherein omega-omega0Satisfies the relationship with T:
equation (3) describes the point-to-point mapping phenomenon of the optical pulse frequency domain to the time domain, i.e. the time domain envelope shape of the output pulse of the first single mode fiber 6 approximates the spectral shape of the input pulse via the programmable optical filter 5. When the filter bandwidth range of the programmable optical filter 5 satisfies: f is less than or equal to 1nmBWWhen the pulse width of the first single-mode fiber 6 is less than or equal to 50nm, the total soliton cluster pulse width output by the first single-mode fiber meets the following requirements: delta T is more than or equal to 0.4ns and less than or equal to 19ns, and the pulse repetition frequency in the soliton cluster is continuously adjustable within the range of 0.4GHz to 20 GHz.
The invention also provides a method for generating the soliton explosion mode, which comprises the following steps:
s1, under the combined action of a gain medium spectrum filtering effect, a Kerr nonlinear effect, positive dispersion, a saturable absorber, gain, loss and the like, and when the pumping power exceeds a mode locking threshold value, the passive mode locking fiber laser 1 realizes stable dissipation soliton mode locking pulse output, wherein the pulse time domain shape is Gaussian-shaped, and the corresponding spectrum shape is approximately rectangular;
s2, inputting the dissipative soliton pulse output by the passive mode-locked fiber laser 1 into the fiber amplifier 3 for power amplification, so that the energy of the output dissipative soliton pulse is further improved;
s3, inputting the dissipation soliton pulse amplified by the power of the optical fiber amplifier 3 into the photonic crystal fiber 4 for transmission, wherein the pulse has high peak power, and when the pulse passes through the photonic crystal fiber 4, various nonlinear effects are shown as follows: the combined action of self-phase modulation, cross-phase modulation, four-wave mixing, stimulated Raman scattering and the like enables a plurality of new frequency components to be generated in the spectrum of the emergent pulse, so that the spectrum is widened, and meanwhile, as the optical fiber has near-zero dispersion, the pulse keeps higher peak power in the transmission process, so that the pulse is continuously acted by a nonlinear effect; finally, the spectral width of the output pulse of the photonic crystal fiber 4 is rapidly broadened compared to the incident pulse;
s4, inputting the broadened spectrum pulse output by the photonic crystal fiber 4 into the programmable optical filter 5 for spectrum filtering, so that the spectrum shape of the pulse output by the programmable optical filter 5 becomes a comb shape;
s5, inputting the optical pulse which is comb-shaped in spectrum shape and output by the programmable optical filter 5 into the first single-mode optical fiber 6 for transmission, and applying a linear frequency chirp to the pulse due to the group velocity dispersion effect of the optical fiber, so that the time domain of the pulse is gradually widened; when the length of the first single-mode optical fiber 6 is long enough and the dispersion amount accumulated by the pulse is large enough, the time-domain shape of the output pulse of the first single-mode optical fiber is similar to the spectral shape of the output pulse of the programmable optical filter; because the spectrum of the pulse output by the programmable optical filter 5 is comb-shaped, under the action of the accumulated strong dispersion effect, the time domain shape of the pulse output by the first single-mode optical fiber 6 is also comb-shaped, and the interval and the pulse number between the output comb-shaped pulses are determined by the filtering bandwidth and the filtering wavelength interval of the programmable optical filter 5, so that the soliton explosion mode laser pulse output is realized, the pulse number in the soliton cluster is controllable, and the pulse repetition frequency is continuously adjustable in GHz level;
s6, inputting the optical pulse output by the first single-mode fiber 6 into the coupler 7, dividing the optical pulse into two identical soliton clusters, respectively propagating the two soliton clusters along two output arms of the coupler 7, wherein one soliton cluster is directly output, the second soliton cluster generates time delay relative to the first soliton cluster through the second single-mode fiber 8, and finally realizing multiplication of the repetition frequency of the output soliton cluster by accurately controlling the delay amount.
The step S5 of the method for generating high-energy rectangular pulses according to the present invention is numerically simulated, and the result is as follows:
fig. 2 shows the spectral shape of the output pulse via the programmable optical filter. It is clear from this that the spectrum of the output light pulses of the programmable optical filter becomes comb-shaped by spectral shaping.
Fig. 3 shows the temporal shape of the output pulse via the first single mode fiber. It can be seen that after transmission through the first single mode fibre, the output pulse temporal shape becomes comb-like.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited embodiments and examples. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An all-fiber laser system for generating a soliton explosion mode is characterized by comprising devices which are connected in sequence, namely a passive mode-locked fiber laser (1), an isolator (2), a fiber amplifier (3), a photonic crystal fiber (4), a programmable optical filter (5), a first single-mode fiber (6), a coupler (7) and a second single-mode fiber (8); the coupler (7) is provided with two output ends, wherein one output end is used for outputting soliton cluster pulses, and the other output end is connected with the other input end of the coupler (7) in a closed loop mode through a second single mode fiber (8); the programmable optical filter (5) is used for shaping the spectrum of the light pulse output by the photonic crystal fiber (4) into a comb spectrum; the first single-mode fiber (6) is used for converting the comb-shaped pulse output by the programmable optical filter (5) into a soliton cluster pulse of which the time domain is comb-shaped; the combined structure of the coupler (7) and the second single-mode fiber (8) is used for doubling the repetition frequency of the soliton cluster pulse which is comb-shaped in time domain and output by the first single-mode fiber (6).
2. The all-fiber laser system for generating soliton burst mode as claimed in claim 1, wherein the passively mode-locked fiber laser (1) is a dissipative soliton ytterbium-doped mode-locked fiber laser operating in net positive dispersion or full positive dispersion region, and the output pulse has a gaussian temporal shape, a corresponding approximately rectangular spectral shape, and a center wavelength λ: 1060nm, the repetition frequency of the output pulse is in the MHz order.
3. An all-fiber laser system generating soliton burst mode as claimed in claim 1 wherein said isolator (2) is a polarization independent optical isolator to isolate the reflected light from the fiber amplifier (3) and prevent the reflected light from returning to the passively mode-locked fiber laser (1) to interfere with or even disrupt mode-locked operation.
4. The all-fiber laser system for generating soliton burst mode as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fiber amplifier (3) is an ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier.
5. The all-fiber laser system for generating soliton burst modes as claimed in claim 1, wherein said photonic crystal fiber (4) has a length of 90m and near-zero dispersion at 1060 nm.
6. The all-fiber laser system for generating soliton burst mode as claimed in claim 1, wherein the filter bandwidth range of the programmable optical filter (5) satisfies: FBW is more than or equal to 1nm and less than or equal to 50 nm.
7. An all-fiber laser system for generating soliton burst mode as claimed in claim 1 wherein the first single mode fiber (6) has a length of 10km with positive dispersion at 1060 nm.
8. The all-fiber laser system for generating soliton burst mode as claimed in claim 1 wherein the coupler (7) is a 3dB optical coupler with a coupling ratio of 50/50.
9. The all-fiber laser system for generating soliton burst mode as claimed in claim 1 wherein said second single mode fiber (8) has a length of 30m and positive dispersion at 1060 nm.
10. A method of generating a soliton explosion pattern, comprising the steps of:
s1, under the combined action of a gain medium spectrum filtering effect, a Kerr nonlinear effect, positive dispersion, a saturable absorber, gain and loss, and when the pumping power exceeds a mode locking threshold, the passive mode-locking fiber laser (1) realizes stable output of dissipative soliton mode-locking pulses, wherein the pulse time domain shape is Gaussian-shaped, and the corresponding spectrum shape is approximately rectangular;
s2, inputting the dissipative soliton pulse output by the passive mode-locked fiber laser (1) into a fiber amplifier (3) for power amplification, so that the energy of the output dissipative soliton pulse is further improved;
s3, inputting the dissipation soliton pulse amplified by the power of the optical fiber amplifier (3) into the photonic crystal fiber (4) for transmission, wherein the pulse has high peak power, and when passing through the photonic crystal fiber (4), under the combined action of multiple nonlinear effects, the pulse generates many new frequency components in the spectrum of the emitted pulse, so that the spectrum is broadened, and meanwhile, because the optical fiber has near-zero dispersion, the pulse keeps higher peak power in the transmission process, so the pulse is continuously acted by the nonlinear effect; finally, the spectral width of the output pulse of the photonic crystal fiber (4) is rapidly broadened compared to the incident pulse;
s4, inputting the broadened spectrum pulse output by the photonic crystal fiber (4) into a programmable optical filter (5) for spectrum filtering, so that the spectrum shape of the pulse output by the programmable optical filter (5) becomes a comb shape;
s5, inputting the optical pulse which is output by the programmable optical filter (5) and takes the comb-shaped spectrum shape into a first single-mode optical fiber (6) for transmission, and applying a linear frequency chirp to the pulse due to the group velocity dispersion effect of the optical fiber, so that the time domain of the pulse is gradually widened; when the length of the first single-mode optical fiber (6) is long enough and the dispersion quantity accumulated by the pulse is large enough, the time-domain shape of the output pulse of the first single-mode optical fiber is similar to the spectral shape of the output pulse of the programmable optical filter; because the spectrum of the pulse output by the programmable optical filter (5) is comb-shaped, under the action of the accumulated strong dispersion effect, the time domain shape of the pulse output by the first single-mode optical fiber (6) is also comb-shaped, and the interval and the pulse number between the output comb-shaped pulses are determined by the filtering bandwidth and the filtering wavelength interval of the programmable optical filter (5), so that the soliton explosion mode laser pulse output is realized, the pulse number in a soliton cluster is controllable, and the pulse repetition frequency is continuously adjustable in GHz level;
s6, inputting the optical pulse output by the first single mode fiber (6) into the coupler (7), dividing the optical pulse into two same soliton clusters, wherein the two soliton clusters propagate along two output arms of the coupler (7) respectively, one soliton cluster is directly output, the second soliton cluster returns to the other input end of the coupler (7) through the second single mode fiber (8), time delay relative to the first soliton cluster is generated, and multiplication of the repetition frequency of the output soliton cluster is finally achieved by accurately controlling the delay amount.
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