CN112433294A - Terahertz waveguide based on double negative curvature cladding structures - Google Patents
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- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a terahertz waveguide based on a double negative curvature cladding structure, which comprises an elliptical cladding pipe region, a circular cladding pipe region, a polymer cladding layer and a fiber core region; the elliptical cladding pipe region consists of 6 polymer structural units which are annularly arranged at equal intervals of 60 degrees; the circular cladding pipe region consists of 6 polymer structural units which are arranged at equal intervals at 60 degrees in a ring shape; the elliptical tubes and circular tube unit structures are connected with each other to form a double negative curvature cladding region of the waveguide. The polymer cladding layer serves as the cladding layer of the waveguide to achieve the geometric integrity of the overall waveguide structure. Terahertz waves are input from the hollow core of the waveguide center, and through the interaction of the elliptical cladding pipe region and the circular cladding pipe region, terahertz waves with specific frequency can be effectively bound inside the waveguide fiber core, so that the transmission function is realized. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, high performance, low loss, easy processing and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a terahertz waveguide with high transmission performance, in particular to a terahertz waveguide based on a double negative curvature cladding structure.
Background
The terahertz wave is an electromagnetic wave with the frequency within the range of 0.1-10 THz (the wavelength is 3000-30 μm), is superposed with millimeter waves in a long wave band and infrared light in a short wave band, is a transition region from a macroscopic classical theory to a microscopic quantum theory, is also a transition region from electronics to photonics, and is called a terahertz gap of an electromagnetic spectrum. The wave band of the terahertz wave can cover the characteristic spectrum of substances such as semiconductors, plasmas, organisms, biological macromolecules and the like; the frequency band can deepen and expand the human knowledge of some basic scientific problems in physics, chemistry, astronomy, informatics and life science. The terahertz technology can be widely applied to the fields of radar, remote sensing, homeland security and anti-terrorism, high-confidentiality data communication and transmission, atmosphere and environment monitoring, real-time biological information extraction, medical diagnosis and the like. Therefore, the THz research has great application value to national economy and national safety.
With the development of communication technology, the demand for various waveguides is getting larger and larger at present, and compared with the traditional waveguide, the negative curvature hollow waveguide has excellent characteristics and design freedom such as flexible dispersion, lower loss, high nonlinearity, high birefringence and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of communication, sensing, nonlinear optics, novel waveguide functional devices and the like. The negative curvature terahertz waveguide is a research hotspot at present, and the design of the negative curvature terahertz waveguide with better excellent transmission characteristics has important significance for the related application of the waveguide. The negative curvature means that the bending direction of a fiber core boundary surrounded by the cladding tube is just opposite to the bending direction of a circular fiber core, and the negative curvature waveguide can cause the coupling effect of a cladding tube die and a fiber core die when conducting terahertz waves, so that the transmission loss of the waveguide is increased, and the dimension of the cladding tube of the negative curvature terahertz waveguide needs to be strictly designed.
Negative curvature terahertz waveguides can generally reduce the corresponding transmission loss by increasing the nested rings or increasing or decreasing the number of cladding tubes, however, these methods hardly change the transmission loss of the waveguide by orders of magnitude. Increasing the number of layers of cladding tubes of a negative curvature waveguide is one of the effective methods for reducing transmission loss, and the design of two layers of cladding tubes can reduce loss by two orders of magnitude. In addition, published research results indicate that elliptical cladding tubes are more advantageous than circular cladding tubes in suppressing the coupling of the cladding tube mode and the core mode of the waveguide, thereby further reducing the loss.
In the negative curvature hollow core waveguide, the loss of the negative curvature hollow core waveguide can be reduced by the core boundary with small curvature radius, the cladding structure of the conventional negative curvature hollow core waveguide is a large amount of circular hollow tube rings, but the tube ring size does not have the core boundary with small curvature radius, and the advantages of the core boundary with small curvature radius of the negative curvature hollow core waveguide are not fully exerted. In a prior published design [ CN110333571A ], a structure using two layers of circular hollow tubes as a cladding is designed, and the design uses glass as a substrate of a waveguide, and has a small size, and can only be used in a middle infrared band, but cannot be used in a terahertz band. And the glass material or the silicon material is used as the substrate, so that the drawing difficulty and the cost are increased, and the practical application is not facilitated. Currently, a high-performance double-layer cladding tube negative-curvature terahertz hollow waveguide with low preparation difficulty, large propagation bandwidth and low transmission loss is required in a terahertz waveband.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and discloses a terahertz waveguide based on a double negative curvature cladding structure, which is simple in structure and high in transmission performance, and aims to reduce transmission loss through the double anti-resonance effect of an elliptical tube and a circular tube, inhibit the generation of a high-order mode and solve the problem that the edge advantage of a fiber core with a small curvature radius is not fully exerted. In addition, the organic polymer is used as a material, so that the processing and manufacturing of the waveguide are easy to realize, the difficulty is reduced, and the cost is saved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a terahertz waveguide based on a double negative curvature cladding structure comprises an elliptical cladding pipe, a circular cladding pipe, a polymer cladding layer and a waveguide core area; in the cross section of the terahertz waveguide, 6 elliptical cladding pipes form an elliptical cladding pipe region in a 60-degree annular equidistant arrangement mode, 6 circular cladding pipes form a circular cladding pipe region in a 60-degree annular equidistant arrangement mode, and the 6 elliptical cladding pipes and the 6 circular cladding pipes are arranged in a staggered mode in the circumferential direction and mutually connected to form a double negative curvature cladding region of the waveguide in an end-to-end surrounding mode; the waveguide core region is located inside a double negative curvature cladding region; the polymer coating layer is used as an outer coating layer of the waveguide and is wrapped outside the elliptical coating pipe region; terahertz waves are input from the waveguide fiber core region, and through the interaction of the elliptical cladding tube region and the circular cladding tube region, terahertz waves with specific frequency are bound in the fiber core region, so that the transmission function is realized.
The above technical scheme can adopt the following preferred modes:
preferably, the long axis of the elliptical cladding pipe is 1.6-2.0 mm, the short axis is 0.96-1.2 mm, and the thickness of the pipe wall is 0.1 mm.
Preferably, the diameter of the circular cladding pipe is 0.428-0.788 mm, and the thickness of the pipe wall is 0.1 mm.
Preferably, the diameter of the core region is 1.172-1.4 mm.
Preferably, the substrate materials used for the elliptical cladding pipe, the circular cladding pipe and the polymer cladding layer are all polymer materials.
Further, the polymer material is a Topas COC polymer material.
Further, the refractive index of the substrate material used for the elliptical cladding pipe, the circular cladding pipe and the polymer cladding layer is 1.5258.
Preferably, in the double negative curvature cladding region, adjacent elliptical cladding tubes and circular cladding tubes are connected with each other in a peripheral tangent manner at a spacing of 0.
Preferably, in the cross section of the terahertz waveguide, the inner circumference of the polymer cladding layer, the centers of the 6 elliptical cladding pipes and the centers of the 6 circular cladding pipes are located on 3 concentric circles respectively, and the long axes of the 6 elliptical cladding pipes are along the radial direction of the concentric circles.
Preferably, the whole terahertz waveguide structure is processed and manufactured by a 3D printing technology.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the technical progress that:
1. the terahertz waveguide with the double negative curvature cladding structure is simple in structure, only comprises 6 elliptical tubes and 6 circular tubes, and the negative curvature waveguide with the double negative curvature cladding structure is provided in a terahertz frequency band for the first time.
2. The invention has excellent transmission performance in the working frequency band, single material and high manufacturing efficiency.
3. In the structure of the terahertz waveguide, the terahertz wave is limited in the fiber core region by using the double anti-resonance action of the elliptical tube and the circular tube, so that the limiting loss of the terahertz waveguide is greatly reduced. The terahertz waves are bound in the fiber core area by utilizing the first anti-resonance action of the elliptical tube; and the leakage of terahertz wave energy is further reduced through the second anti-resonance action of the circular tube.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a terahertz waveguide based on a double negative curvature cladding layer;
FIG. 2 is a structural unit of an elliptical cladding tube and a circular cladding tube of a double negative curvature cladding-based terahertz waveguide;
FIG. 3 is a loss spectrum of a terahertz waveguide based on a double negative curvature cladding structure;
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution, advantages and objects of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1-2, in one embodiment of the present invention, a double negative curvature cladding based terahertz waveguide structure is provided, which includes an elliptical cladding tube 1, a circular cladding tube 2, a polymer cladding layer 3 and a waveguide core region 4. In the cross section of the terahertz waveguide shown in fig. 1, 6 elliptical cladding pipes 1 form an elliptical cladding pipe region by being annularly and equidistantly arranged at an interval of 60 ° (i.e., a central angle of 60 °), 6 circular cladding pipes 2 form a circular cladding pipe region by being annularly and equidistantly arranged at an interval of 60 ° (i.e., a central angle of 60 °), and the 6 elliptical cladding pipes 1 and the 6 circular cladding pipes 2 are circumferentially staggered, i.e., both sides of each elliptical cladding pipe 1 are circular cladding pipes 2, and both sides of each circular cladding pipe 2 are elliptical cladding pipes 1. Thus, in cross-section, 12 cladding tubes interconnect the double negative curvature cladding regions of the closed end-to-end composite waveguide. The waveguide core region 4 is centered within the double negative curvature cladding region and can be equivalently viewed as the circular dashed region in FIG. 1. The polymer coating layer 3 is used as an outer coating layer of the whole waveguide and is attached and coated outside the elliptical coating pipe region, so that the geometric integrity of the whole waveguide structure is realized. When the waveguide is used, terahertz waves are input from the waveguide core region 4 and are bound in the core region 4 through the interaction of the elliptical cladding tube region and the circular cladding tube region, so that the transmission function is realized.
In the terahertz waveguide structure, the design parameters and materials of the structural components can be selected as follows: the long axis of the elliptical cladding pipe 1 is 1.6-2.0 mm, the short axis is 0.96-1.2 mm, and the thickness of the pipe wall is 0.1 mm.
The diameter of the circular cladding pipe 2 is 0.428-0.788 mm, and the thickness of the pipe wall is 0.1 mm. The diameter of the core region 4 is 1.172 to 1.4 mm. The substrate materials used for elliptical cladding pipe 1, circular cladding pipe 2, and polymer cladding layer 3 are all polymer materials, including but not limited to Topas COC polymer materials, and other similar polymer materials are also suitable for this technique. The refractive index of the substrate material used for the elliptical cladding pipe 1, the circular cladding pipe 2, and the polymer cladding layer 3 was 1.5258. In the double negative curvature cladding region, adjacent elliptical cladding tubes 1 and circular cladding tubes 2 are connected to each other in a circumferentially tangential manner at a spacing of 0, as shown in FIG. 2. In addition, in the cross section of the terahertz waveguide, 6 circle centers of 6 elliptical cladding pipes 1 are located on a circle, and 6 circle centers of 6 circular cladding pipes 2 are also located on a circle, so that the inner circumference of the polymer cladding layer 3, the circle centers of 6 elliptical cladding pipes 1 and the circle centers of 6 circular cladding pipes 2 are respectively located on 3 concentric circles, and the long axes of the 6 elliptical cladding pipes 1 all pass through the circle centers of the concentric circles along the radial direction of the concentric circles, that is, a straight line where the long axis is located.
The whole terahertz waveguide structure is processed and manufactured through a 3D printing technology, so that the terahertz waveguide structure has the advantages of simple structure, high transmission performance, low loss, easiness in processing and the like.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the shapes of the components of the double negative curvature cladding-based terahertz waveguide structure are as described above, that is, fig. 1 and fig. 2, and therefore are not described again. However, the design parameters and materials of the structural components are as follows:
the elliptical cladding tube has a major axis of 1.8mm, a minor axis of 0.96mm, and a tube wall thickness of 0.1mm, i.e., the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the elliptical cladding tube is approximately 1.9. The diameter of the circular cladding pipe is 0.6mm, and the thickness of the pipe wall is 0.1 mm. The diameter of the hollow core region of the waveguide is 1.4 mm. The substrate material used for the elliptical cladding tube, the circular cladding tube and the polymer cladding is Topas COC polymer with a refractive index n of 1.5258. In the double negative curvature cladding region, adjacent elliptical cladding tubes 1 and circular cladding tubes 2 are connected to each other in a circumferentially tangential manner at a spacing of 0. In the cross section of the terahertz waveguide, 6 circle centers of 6 elliptical cladding pipes 1 are located on a circle, and 6 circle centers of 6 circular cladding pipes 2 are also located on a circle, so that the inner circumference of a polymer cladding layer 3, the circle centers of 6 elliptical cladding pipes 1 and the circle centers of 6 circular cladding pipes 2 are respectively located on 3 concentric circles with gradually reduced diameters, and long axes of the 6 elliptical cladding pipes 1 all penetrate through the circle centers of the concentric circles along the radial direction of the concentric circles, namely, a straight line where the long axis is located. Terahertz waves of a specific frequency are input from the core region, and are effectively bound in the core region under the interaction of the elliptical cladding pipe and the circular cladding pipe. The waveguide structure of the present embodiment can be manufactured by existing 3D printing techniques.
As shown in fig. 3, the terahertz waveguide based on the double negative curvature cladding structure provided in the present embodiment has a confinement loss of 3.2 × 10 at 2.0THz, 2.1THz, 2.2THz, 2.3THz, and 2.44THz, respectively-3dB/cm、1.8×10-3dB/cm、1.4×10-4dB/cm、1.8×10-5dB/cm and 3.2 x 10-6dB/cm. It is thus shown that the invention makes use of oval tubes and circlesDue to the double anti-resonance effect of the tube, the terahertz wave is limited in the fiber core area, and the limiting loss of the terahertz waveguide can be greatly reduced.
Claims (10)
1. The terahertz waveguide based on the double negative curvature cladding structure is characterized by comprising an elliptical cladding pipe (1), a circular cladding pipe (2), a polymer cladding layer (3) and a waveguide core region (4); in the cross section of the terahertz waveguide, 6 elliptical cladding pipes (1) form an elliptical cladding pipe region in a 60-degree annular equidistant arrangement mode, 6 circular cladding pipes (2) form a circular cladding pipe region in a 60-degree annular equidistant arrangement mode, and the 6 elliptical cladding pipes (1) and the 6 circular cladding pipes (2) are arranged in a staggered mode along the annular direction and are connected with each other in a head-to-tail surrounding mode to form a double-negative-curvature cladding region of the waveguide; the waveguide core region (4) is located inside a double negative curvature cladding region; the polymer coating layer (3) is used as an outer coating layer of the waveguide and is wrapped outside the elliptical cladding pipe region; terahertz waves are input from the waveguide core region (4), and through the interaction of the elliptical cladding pipe region and the circular cladding pipe region, terahertz waves with specific frequency are bound in the core region (4), so that the transmission function is realized.
2. The terahertz waveguide based on the double negative curvature cladding structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the elliptical cladding tube (1) has a long axis of 1.6-2.0 mm, a short axis of 0.96-1.2 mm, and a tube wall thickness of 0.1 mm.
3. The terahertz waveguide based on the double negative curvature cladding structure of claim 1, wherein the diameter of the circular cladding tube (2) is 0.428-0.788 mm, and the thickness of the tube wall is 0.1 mm.
4. The terahertz waveguide based on the double negative curvature cladding structure according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the core region (4) is 1.172-1.4 mm.
5. The terahertz waveguide based on the double negative curvature cladding structure of claim 1, characterized in that the substrate materials used for the elliptical cladding pipe (1), the circular cladding pipe (2) and the polymer cladding layer (3) are all polymer materials.
6. The terahertz waveguide based on the double negative curvature cladding structure of claim 5, wherein the polymer material is a Topas COC polymer material.
7. The terahertz waveguide based on the double negative curvature cladding structure of claim 5, characterized in that the refractive index of the substrate material used for the elliptical cladding pipe (1), the circular cladding pipe (2) and the polymer cladding layer (3) is 1.5258.
8. The terahertz waveguide based on the double negative curvature cladding structure of claim 1, wherein in the double negative curvature cladding region, adjacent elliptical cladding pipes (1) and circular cladding pipes (2) are connected with each other in a peripheral tangent manner, and the distance is 0.
9. The terahertz waveguide based on the double negative curvature cladding structure of claim 1, characterized in that in the cross section of the terahertz waveguide, the inner circumference of the polymer cladding layer (3), the centers of the 6 elliptical cladding pipes (1) and the centers of the 6 circular cladding pipes (2) are respectively located on 3 concentric circles, and the long axes of the 6 elliptical cladding pipes (1) are all along the radial direction of the concentric circles.
10. The terahertz waveguide based on the double negative curvature cladding structure according to claim 1, wherein the whole terahertz waveguide structure is processed and manufactured by a 3D printing technology.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113050218A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-06-29 | 中国计量大学 | Negative curvature terahertz optical fiber supporting 52 orbital angular momentum modes |
| CN117369046A (en) * | 2023-12-08 | 2024-01-09 | 南京信息工程大学 | Hollow anti-resonance optical fiber with flat mid-infrared dispersion |
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| CN110333571A (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2019-10-15 | 华中科技大学鄂州工业技术研究院 | Double negative cruvature antiresonance hollow-core fibers and preparation method thereof |
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2020
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Cited By (3)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113050218A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-06-29 | 中国计量大学 | Negative curvature terahertz optical fiber supporting 52 orbital angular momentum modes |
| CN117369046A (en) * | 2023-12-08 | 2024-01-09 | 南京信息工程大学 | Hollow anti-resonance optical fiber with flat mid-infrared dispersion |
| CN117369046B (en) * | 2023-12-08 | 2024-02-09 | 南京信息工程大学 | Hollow anti-resonance optical fiber with flat mid-infrared dispersion |
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