CN113050218A - Negative curvature terahertz optical fiber supporting 52 orbital angular momentum modes - Google Patents
Negative curvature terahertz optical fiber supporting 52 orbital angular momentum modes Download PDFInfo
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- CN113050218A CN113050218A CN202110321543.3A CN202110321543A CN113050218A CN 113050218 A CN113050218 A CN 113050218A CN 202110321543 A CN202110321543 A CN 202110321543A CN 113050218 A CN113050218 A CN 113050218A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
- G02B6/02347—Longitudinal structures arranged to form a regular periodic lattice, e.g. triangular, square, honeycomb unit cell repeated throughout cladding
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
- G02B6/02371—Cross section of longitudinal structures is non-circular
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a negative-curvature terahertz optical fiber supporting 52 orbital angular momentum modes, which comprises a polymer coating layer, an outer elliptical cladding pipe region, an annular cladding pipe, an inner elliptical cladding pipe region and a fiber core region. The outer elliptical cladding pipe region consists of 12 polymer unit structures which are arranged in a ring shape; the inner elliptical cladding pipe region consists of 18 polymer unit structures which are arranged in a ring shape; the inner elliptical cladding unit structure and the outer elliptical cladding unit structure are respectively connected with the annular cladding pipe unit structure to form a cladding pipe region of the optical fiber structure. The invention can generate Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) mode with higher purity, and can form a plurality of channels when the annular area is in communication. The invention applies the orbital angular momentum multiplexing technology to terahertz wave communication, improves the channel capacity of a communication system, simultaneously ensures that information has higher safety in the transmission process, and has the advantages of low loss, large communication capacity and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of terahertz optical fibers, in particular to a negative-curvature terahertz optical fiber supporting 52 orbital angular momentum modes.
Background
With the rapid development of optical fiber communication systems in modern communication networks, the requirements for data transmission speed, capacity, confidentiality and the like are higher and higher, and the traditional wavelength division multiplexing and time division multiplexing technologies face more dilemma. In order to solve the series of problems, the orbital angular momentum multiplexing technology is used as a new multiplexing form, and a new scheme is provided for increasing the network bandwidth, the communication capacity and the communication rate. Therefore, the application of the orbital angular momentum multiplexing technology in optical fiber communication is gradually becoming a hot spot of the research in the present society.
Because the generation and transmission of the orbital angular momentum mode have strict requirements on the optical fiber structure, the effective refractive index difference of the common optical fiber is generally small, and the transmission of the orbital angular momentum mode cannot be generated and supported. Research shows that high refractive index difference can be generated between the optical fiber and a cladding by introducing the annular structure into the optical fiber, so that orbital angular momentum modes can be effectively generated, and stable transmission can be realized. Meanwhile, the central annular fiber core can separate effective refractive indexes among eigen vector modes and restrain radial high-order modes, and application of orbital angular momentum modes in a mode division multiplexing technology is promoted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a negative curvature terahertz optical fiber supporting 52 orbital angular momentum modes in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, and aims to increase the refractive index difference between an annular region and a cladding tube region by introducing an annular structure so as to support and generate a multi-orbital angular momentum mode with high transmission performance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a negative curvature terahertz optical fiber supporting 52 orbital angular momentum modes comprises a polymer coating layer, an outer elliptical coating pipe, an annular coating pipe, an inner elliptical coating pipe and a fiber core; in the circular cross section of the terahertz optical fiber, 12 outer elliptical cladding pipes with the inclination angles of 0-15 degrees are annularly and equidistantly arranged on the outer side surface of an annular cladding pipe at intervals of 30 degrees to form an outer elliptical cladding pipe region, and simultaneously, 18 inner elliptical cladding pipes with the inclination angles of 0-15 degrees are annularly and equidistantly arranged on the inner side surface of the annular cladding pipe at intervals of 20 degrees to form an inner elliptical cladding pipe region; 12 outer elliptical cladding pipes and 18 inner elliptical cladding pipes are respectively attached to the outer side surface and the inner side surface of the annular cladding pipe in a peripheral tangent mode to form a negative-curvature cladding structure, and all the outer elliptical cladding pipes and the inner elliptical cladding pipes are inclined towards the same rotation direction; the fiber core is positioned in the inner elliptical cladding tube area; the polymer coating layer is used as an outer coating layer of the optical fiber and coated outside the outer elliptical cladding pipe region; terahertz waves are input from the fiber core and generate refractive index difference through the interaction of the negative curvature cladding structure, so that a plurality of waveguide channels are generated in the annular cladding tube, the terahertz waves are effectively bound in the annular cladding tube, and the transmission function in the orbital angular momentum mode is realized.
The above technical scheme can adopt the following preferred modes:
preferably, the outer elliptical cladding tube has a major axis of 1.542mm, a minor axis of 0.8mm, and a wall thickness of 0.1 mm.
Preferably, the inner elliptical cladding tube has a major axis of 0.306mm, a minor axis of 0.2mm, a major axis direction wall thickness of 0.053mm, and a minor axis direction wall thickness of 0.047 mm.
Preferably, the inner diameter of the annular cladding tube is 2.214-2.3 mm, and the outer diameter is 2.916-3.002 mm.
Preferably, the diameter of the fiber core is 1.602-1.702 mm.
Preferably, the materials used for the polymer coating layer, the outer elliptical coating pipe, the annular coating pipe and the inner elliptical coating pipe are all the same polymer material.
Further, the polymer material is silicone resin.
Further, the refractive index of the polymer material is 1.72.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the terahertz fiber with the negative curvature is simple in structural design, and provides the terahertz fiber with the negative curvature supporting 52 orbital angular momentum modes in the terahertz frequency band for the first time.
2. The invention has excellent transmission performance in the working frequency band, single material and high manufacturing efficiency.
3. In the optical fiber structure of the invention, the designed annular cladding tube structure forms larger refractive index difference with the outer elliptical cladding tube and the inner elliptical cladding tube respectively, thereby generating an Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) mode with higher purity. Because different orbital angular momentum modes have the characteristic of mutual orthogonality and the value of the orbital angular momentum mode has infinity, a plurality of channels are formed in the annular area during communication. By utilizing the double coupling action of the outer elliptical cladding pipe and the inner elliptical cladding pipe, terahertz waves can be limited in the annular cladding pipe area, the limiting loss is reduced, and the multi-orbital angular momentum mode of the terahertz waves increases the communication capacity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a negative curvature terahertz optical fiber supporting 52 orbital angular momentum modes;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the interconnection of an annular cladding tube and inner and outer elliptical tubes of a negative curvature terahertz optical fiber supporting 52 orbital angular momentum modes;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the refractive index difference between HE and EH modes of a negative curvature terahertz optical fiber supporting 52 orbital angular momentum modes at different topological charge numbers;
fig. 4 is a limiting loss graph of a negative curvature terahertz optical fiber supporting 52 orbital angular momentum modes.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution, advantages and objects of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, in one embodiment of the present invention, a negative curvature terahertz optical fiber supporting 52 orbital angular momentum modes is provided, which includes a polymer cladding 1, an outer elliptical cladding tube 2, an annular cladding tube 3, an inner elliptical cladding tube 4, and a core 5. Since the optical fiber is a continuous linear type, the optical fiber structure is illustrated in its cross section. Fig. 1 is a cross section of a terahertz optical fiber, and an outer contour of the cross section is circular. Therefore, in the circular cross section of the terahertz optical fiber, 12 outer elliptical cladding pipes 2 with an inclination angle theta of 0-15 degrees are annularly and equidistantly arranged on the outer side surface of an annular cladding pipe 3 at intervals of 30 degrees to form an outer elliptical cladding pipe region, and at the same time, 18 inner elliptical cladding pipes 4 with an inclination angle theta' of 0-15 degrees are annularly and equidistantly arranged on the inner side surface of the annular cladding pipe 3 at intervals of 20 degrees to form an inner elliptical cladding pipe region; the 12 outer elliptical cladding pipes 2 and the 18 inner elliptical cladding pipes 4 are respectively fitted to the outer side surface and the inner side surface of the ring-shaped cladding pipe 3 in a circumferentially tangential manner, as shown in fig. 2. And all of the outer elliptical cladding tubes 2 and the inner elliptical cladding tube 4 are inclined in the same sense of rotation, clockwise in fig. 1. The 12 outer elliptical cladding tubes 2 and the 18 inner elliptical cladding tubes 4 constitute the negative-curvature cladding structure of the present invention. The core 5 is located inside the inner elliptical cladding tube region, and 18 inner elliptical cladding tubes 4 are bonded to the outer surface of the core 5. The polymer cladding layer 1 serves as an outer cladding layer of the optical fiber and covers the outer elliptical cladding tube region.
When the negative-curvature terahertz optical fiber works, terahertz waves are input from the fiber core 5 and generate refractive index difference through interaction of the negative-curvature cladding structure, so that a plurality of waveguide channels are generated in the annular cladding tube 3, the terahertz waves are effectively bound in the annular cladding tube 3, and the transmission function under the orbital angular momentum mode is realized.
It should be noted that the tilt angle θ of each outer elliptical cladding pipe 2 is defined by the angle between the major axis of the ellipse in the untilted state and the major axis of the ellipse in the tilted state, and the major axis of the ellipse in the untilted state coincides with one radius of the circular cross section of the entire terahertz optical fiber, as shown in fig. 1. That is, if a line connecting the center of the outer elliptical cladding pipe 2 and the center O of the circular cross section of the terahertz optical fiber is defined as a line a, the tilt angle θ of the outer elliptical cladding pipe 2 is equivalent to the angle between the line a and the major axis of the ellipse. In addition, the 30 ° interval between the 12 outer elliptical cladding pipes 2 means that the included angle between the connecting lines a of the two adjacent outer elliptical cladding pipes 2 is 30 °, that is, one outer elliptical cladding pipe 2 is rotated by 30 ° around the circular cross section center O to be copied to obtain the next outer elliptical cladding pipe 2, and the outer elliptical cladding pipe region can be obtained by rotating and copying for 11 times.
Similarly, the tilt angle θ' of each inner elliptical cladding tube 4 is also defined by the angle between the major axis of the ellipse in the untilted state and the major axis of the ellipse in the tilted state, and the major axis of the ellipse in the untilted state coincides with one radius of the circular cross section of the entire terahertz optical fiber. That is, if a connection line between the center of the inner elliptical cladding tube 4 and the center O of the circular cross section of the terahertz optical fiber is defined as a connection line B, the tilt angle θ' of the inner elliptical cladding tube 4 is equivalent to the angle between the connection line B and the major axis of the ellipse. In addition, the 20 ° interval between the 18 inner elliptical cladding pipes 4 means that the angle between the connecting lines B of two adjacent inner elliptical cladding pipes 4 is 20 °, that is, one inner elliptical cladding pipe 4 is copied by rotating 20 ° around the circular cross section center O to obtain the next inner elliptical cladding pipe 4, and the inner elliptical cladding pipe region can be obtained by rotating 17 times of the copying operation.
In the terahertz waveguide structure, the design parameters and materials of the structural components can be selected as follows:
the outer elliptical cladding pipe 2 has a major axis of 1.542mm, a minor axis of 0.8mm, and a wall thickness t1Is 0.1 mm. The inner elliptical cladding pipe 4 has a major axis of 0.306mm, a minor axis of 0.2mm, and a wall thickness t in the major axis direction20.053mm, and a wall thickness t in the minor axis direction3Is 0.047 mm. The inner diameter of the annular cladding pipe 3 is 2.214-2.3 mm, and the outer diameter is 2.916-3.002 mm. The diameter of the fiber core 5 is 1.602-1.702 mm. The materials used for the polymer coating layer 1, the outer elliptical cladding pipe 2, the annular cladding pipe 3 and the inner elliptical cladding pipe 4 are the same polymer material, the polymer material is a high-temperature-resistant organic silicon resin material, and the refractive index of the polymer material is 1.72.
The whole terahertz waveguide structure is processed and manufactured through a 3D printing technology, and the terahertz waveguide structure has the advantages of high transmission performance, low loss, large communication capacity and the like. Based on the negative curvature terahertz fiber structure supporting 52 orbital angular momentum modes, specific technical effects thereof are explained by embodiments.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the shapes of the components of the negative curvature terahertz optical fiber structure based on support of 52 orbital angular momentum modes are as described above, that is, fig. 1 and fig. 2, and therefore are not described again. However, the design parameters and materials of the structural components are as follows:
the long axis of the outer elliptical cladding tube is 1.542mm, the short axis is 0.8mm, and the thickness t of the tube wall1Is 0.1 mm. The inner diameter of the annular cladding tube was 2.3mm and the outer diameter was 3.002 mm. The long axis of the inner elliptical cladding tube is 0.306mm, the short axis is 0.2mm, and the tube wall thickness t in the direction of the long axis20.053mm, and the thickness t of the tube wall in the minor axis direction3Is 0.047 mm. The diameter of the waveguide core was 1.702 mm.
The materials used for the polymer coating layer, the outer elliptical cladding pipe, the annular cladding pipe and the inner elliptical cladding pipe are all the same polymer material, namely high temperature resistant resin (organic silicon resin HTL), and the refractive index of the polymer coating layer, the outer elliptical cladding pipe, the annular cladding pipe and the inner elliptical cladding pipe is 1.72. The waveguide structure of the present embodiment can be manufactured by existing 3D printing techniques. Under the working state, terahertz waves with specific frequency are input from the fiber core area, and under the interaction of the inner layer elliptical tube and the outer layer elliptical tube, the terahertz waves with specific frequency are effectively bound in the annular cladding tube.
Table 1 details 52 orbital angular momentum modes supported by the terahertz fiber with negative curvature of earth orbit angular momentum.
TABLE 1 all orbital angular momentum modes supported by negative curvature optical fibers
As shown in fig. 3, the negative curvature terahertz fiber supporting 52 orbital angular momentum modes provided in this embodiment has refractive index differences higher than 1 × 10 between modes in different orbital angular momentum modes-4The generation of a linear polarization mode is effectively inhibited, which shows that the structure can effectively generate an orbital angular momentum mode.
As shown in FIG. 4, the negative curvature terahertz optical fiber supporting 52 orbital angular momentum modes provided in the embodiment generates a confinement loss stabilized at 10 in the 0.55-0.8 THz frequency band-14～10-11In the dB/cm (magnitude) interval. The anti-resonance effect of the elliptical tube is utilized, so that the limiting loss of the terahertz optical fiber is greatly reduced.
While the invention has been described in connection with embodiments thereof, other variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed invention, from a review of the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims.
While the invention has been described in conjunction with specific features and embodiments thereof, it will be apparent that various modifications and combinations thereof are possible. Accordingly, the specification and figures are merely exemplary of the invention as defined in the appended claims and are intended to cover any and all modifications, variations, combinations, or equivalents within the scope of the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention cover the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A negative curvature terahertz optical fiber supporting 52 orbital angular momentum modes is characterized by comprising a polymer coating layer (1), an outer elliptical cladding pipe (2), an annular cladding pipe (3), an inner elliptical cladding pipe (4) and a fiber core (5); in the circular cross section of the terahertz optical fiber, 12 outer elliptical cladding pipes (2) with the inclination angles of 0-15 degrees are annularly and equidistantly arranged on the outer side surface of an annular cladding pipe (3) at intervals of 30 degrees to form an outer elliptical cladding pipe region, and simultaneously 18 inner elliptical cladding pipes (4) with the inclination angles of 0-15 degrees are annularly and equidistantly arranged on the inner side surface of the annular cladding pipe (3) at intervals of 20 degrees to form an inner elliptical cladding pipe region; 12 outer elliptical cladding pipes (2) and 18 inner elliptical cladding pipes (4) are respectively attached to the outer side surface and the inner side surface of the annular cladding pipe (3) in a peripheral tangent mode to form a negative-curvature cladding structure, and all the outer elliptical cladding pipes (2) and the inner elliptical cladding pipes (4) incline towards the same rotation direction; the fiber core (5) is positioned in the inner elliptical cladding tube area; the polymer coating layer (1) is used as an outer coating layer of the optical fiber and coated outside the outer elliptical cladding tube region; terahertz waves are input from the fiber core (5), and generate refractive index difference through the interaction of the negative curvature cladding structure, so that a plurality of waveguide channels are generated in the annular cladding pipe (3), the terahertz waves are effectively bound in the annular cladding pipe (3), and the transmission function in the orbital angular momentum mode is realized.
2. The negative curvature terahertz optical fiber supporting 52 orbital-angular momentum modes of claim 1, wherein the outer elliptical cladding tube (2) has a long axis of 1.542mm, a short axis of 0.8mm and a wall thickness of 0.1 mm.
3. The negative curvature terahertz optical fiber supporting 52 orbital-angular momentum modes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inner elliptical cladding tube (4) has a major axis of 0.306mm, a minor axis of 0.2mm, a major axis wall thickness of 0.053mm and a minor axis wall thickness of 0.047 mm.
4. The negative curvature terahertz optical fiber supporting 52 orbital-angular-momentum modes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the annular cladding tube (3) has an inner diameter of 2.214-2.3 mm and an outer diameter of 2.916-3.002 mm.
5. The negative curvature terahertz optical fiber supporting 52 orbital angular momentum modes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the fiber core (5) is 1.602-1.702 mm.
6. The negative curvature terahertz optical fiber supporting 52 orbital-angular momentum modes of claim 1, wherein the materials used for the polymer coating layer (1), the outer elliptical cladding tube (2), the annular cladding tube (3) and the inner elliptical cladding tube (4) are all the same polymer material.
7. The negative curvature terahertz optical fiber supporting 52 orbital angular momentum modes of claim 6, wherein the polymer material is silicone resin.
8. The negative curvature terahertz optical fiber supporting 52 orbital-angular-momentum modes of claim 6, wherein the refractive index of the polymer material is 1.72.
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| CN114545547A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-05-27 | 中山大学 | Ring core full-solid microstructure optical fiber and preparation method thereof |
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