CN108957623B - Pure silicon dioxide air hole photonic crystal fiber capable of supporting 18 OAM mode transmission - Google Patents

Pure silicon dioxide air hole photonic crystal fiber capable of supporting 18 OAM mode transmission Download PDF

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CN108957623B
CN108957623B CN201810735392.4A CN201810735392A CN108957623B CN 108957623 B CN108957623 B CN 108957623B CN 201810735392 A CN201810735392 A CN 201810735392A CN 108957623 B CN108957623 B CN 108957623B
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air holes
circle
air
photonic crystal
innermost
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CN108957623A (en
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黄薇
游永
陈胜勇
宋彬彬
赵萌
石凡
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SICHUAN TIANFU JIANGDONG TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD.
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Tianjin University of Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
    • G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
    • G02B6/02319—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by core or core-cladding interface features
    • G02B6/02323—Core having lower refractive index than cladding, e.g. photonic band gap guiding
    • G02B6/02328—Hollow or gas filled core
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
    • G02B6/023—Microstructured optical fibre having different index layers arranged around the core for guiding light by reflection, i.e. 1D crystal, e.g. omniguide
    • G02B6/02304—Core having lower refractive index than cladding, e.g. air filled, hollow core
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
    • G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
    • G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
    • G02B6/02347—Longitudinal structures arranged to form a regular periodic lattice, e.g. triangular, square, honeycomb unit cell repeated throughout cladding

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  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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Abstract

Can be used forThe pure silica air hole photonic crystal fiber supporting 18 OAM mode transmission comprises two parts, namely a fiber core layer and a cladding layer, wherein the cladding layer consists of an innermost circle of air holes and a plurality of layers of outer circle of air holes distributed around the innermost circle of air holes, and the innermost circle of air holes of the cladding layer are a circle of air holes with the diameter d1The air hole of (2). The core layer is formed by a core material with a diameter d0The air holes are formed by three layers of outer ring air holes surrounding the innermost layer of a circle of air holes, the three layers of outer ring air holes are arranged in a circle periodically, and each layer is formed by a circle of air holes with the same size and diameter d2Is formed by the air holes. The optical fiber is made of pure silicon dioxide, and the optical characteristics of the optical fiber, such as mode, dispersion and the like, can be adjusted by changing the position and the size of the air hole of the optical fiber. By optimizing the structural parameters of the optical fiber, the optical fiber can support stable transmission of 18 OAM modes, and each mode has the characteristics of low dispersion, low limiting loss and the like in a 1500nm-1600nm communication waveband.

Description

Pure silicon dioxide air hole photonic crystal fiber capable of supporting 18 OAM mode transmission
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fibers, and particularly relates to a pure silica air hole photonic crystal fiber capable of supporting 18 OAM mode transmission.
Background
An Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) light beam becomes a research hotspot at home and abroad due to abundant and singular optical characteristics, and occupies an important position in the fields of optical fiber communication, nonlinear optics, micro-nano control and the like. The OAM communication technology is one of the most important applications of OAM light beams, and a plurality of OAM light beams are used as independent channels to carry different optical information for transmission by utilizing the characteristic that OAM modes with different topological charge values are orthogonal to each other, so that the transmission capacity of optical fiber communication is greatly improved.
Unlike the eigenmodes transmitted in conventional optical fibers, the OAM mode is a superposition of parity modes of HE or EH with a phase difference of pi/2. Thus, in a common optical fiber, HE, EH, TE and TM booksThe eigenmode is easy to deform or couple with each other along with the change of the transmission length and the external influence, and the stable transmission of the OAM mode is influenced. Therefore, to realize the long-distance stable transmission of the OAM mode in the optical fiber, the optical fiber structure must be specially designed to ensure that the effective refractive index difference between the TE, TM mode and HE or EH mode transmitted in the optical fiber is 10-4Above, and the parity patterns of the EH or HE are degenerate to each other, mutual coupling between vector patterns can be avoided.
In recent years, various types of novel optical fibers capable of supporting OAM transmission have been reported, and the most typical are various types of OAM transmission optical fibers with a high refractive index ring core structure (p.gregg, et al, consistency of optical fiber and optical fiber [ J ], optical fiber, 2(3),2015, and s.ramachandran, et al, On the scalability of ring fiber design for OAM multiplexing [ J ], optical fiber Express,23(3),2015, etc.). This kind of optical fiber uses a very narrow high refractive index ring core as the transmission channel of OAM mode, and has the following disadvantages: 1. the single structure and the inherent optical characteristics limit the improvement and the development of the novel OAM optical fiber device; 2. the physical parameters of the narrow annular core typically need to be precisely controlled, and too high a refractive index difference makes such fibers difficult to manufacture and implement.
To overcome the disadvantages of this Type of high index ring core Fiber, several New Photonic crystal OAM fibers have been reported in succession (Tian W, et al. A circulating Photonic crystal Fiber supporting 26OAM modules [ J ]. Optical Fiber Technology,30, 2016; H.Zhang, et al, A New Type of Photonic crystal Fiber for organic regulated molecular model Transmission [ J ], Photonic Technology letters,28(13),2016 and Z.Hu, et al, Photonic crystal Fiber supporting 26 organic modules [ J ], Optics Express,24(15), 2016). The photonic crystal fiber has flexible and changeable structure and optical characteristics, and the manufacturing materials are all single pure silicon dioxide, so that the temperature stability is better and the realization is easier. However, none of the pure silica photonic crystal OAM fibers reported to date have ideal dispersion characteristics.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of large dispersion, high loss, complex realization difficulty and the like of the existing OAM optical fiber, the invention designs the pure silicon dioxide air hole photonic crystal fiber capable of supporting 18 OAM mode transmissions, the photonic crystal fiber has good dispersion characteristic, and can avoid mutual coupling between vector modes, thereby improving the stable transmission of the OAM mode and being easier to manufacture.
As conceived above, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a pure silica air hole photonic crystal fiber capable of supporting 18 OAM mode transmission comprises a fiber core layer and a cladding layer, wherein the cladding layer is composed of an innermost circle of air holes and a plurality of layers of outer circle of air holes distributed around the innermost circle of air holes, and the innermost circle of air holes of the cladding layer is a circle of air holes with the diameter d1The air hole of (2); the method is characterized in that: the core layer is formed by a core material with a diameter d0The air holes are formed by three layers of outer ring air holes surrounding the innermost layer of a circle of air holes, the three layers of outer ring air holes are arranged in a circle periodically, and each layer is formed by a circle of air holes with the same size and diameter d2Is formed by the air holes.
Diameter d of the core layer air hole0＝20μm。
The innermost layer of the cladding is densely distributed with a circle of air holes and has a diameter d1＝4μm。
The diameter of the three layers of outer ring air holes is d2＝8μm。
The hole spacing Λ between the air hole of the core layer and the air hole of the innermost ring of the cladding layer0＝16.5μm。
The hole spacing Λ between the air holes of the innermost ring and the air holes of the second outer ring of the cladding1＝6.5μm。
The hole spacing between the three layers of outer ring air holes is Λ2＝8.5μm。
The core layer and the cladding layer are made of pure silicon dioxide.
Compared with the common high-refractive-index ring core OAM transmission optical fiber, the air hole photonic crystal optical fiber made of the pure silicon dioxide material is easier to manufacture and has good stability. By designing a reasonable structure and optimizing the position and physical parameters of the air hole, the optical fiber can support the communication waveband of 1500nm-1600nmStable transmission of 18 OAM modes, and dispersion of each mode at 40ps-1.km-1-70ps.nm-1.km-1Within the range, the dispersion change value of each mode is less than 10ps-1.km-1Moreover, the mode confinement loss of the optical fiber is very small, and the supported mode confinement loss is lower than 4.19 × 10 at 1550nm waveband-10dB/m. The optical fiber can be used for stable transmission of an optical fiber OAM mode and manufacturing related devices of an OAM optical communication system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a pure silica air hole photonic crystal fiber according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of mode field distributions of the various eigenmodes supported by a pure silica air-hole photonic crystal fiber in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is the variation of effective refractive index with wavelength for different eigenmodes in the pure silica air hole photonic crystal fiber of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is the variation of the refractive index difference with wavelength between different eigenmodes of the pure silica air hole photonic crystal fiber of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows the variation of the chromatic dispersion of different modes of the pure silica air hole photonic crystal fiber with wavelength.
Detailed Description
A pure silica air hole photonic crystal fiber capable of supporting 18 OAM mode transmission has a cross-sectional structure shown in figure 1, and comprises a core layer 1 and a cladding layer, wherein the core layer is composed of a fiber with a diameter d0The cladding consists of an innermost circle of air holes 2 and three layers of outer circle of air holes 3 distributed around the innermost circle of air holes, and the innermost circle of air holes of the cladding has a circle of diameter d1The three layers of outer ring air holes are arranged periodically according to a ring shape, and each layer is formed by a circle of small air holes with the same size and diameter d2Is formed by the air holes.
The distance from the air hole of the core layer to the air hole of the innermost ring of the cladding layer is Λ0The hole distance between the small air holes at the innermost ring of the cladding and the air holes at the outer ring of the second cladding is Λ1The hole spacing between the air holes of the three layers of outer rings is Λ2。
The photonic crystal fiber is made of pure silicon dioxide, and the diameter d of the air hole of the core layer020 μm; the innermost layer of the cladding is densely distributed with a circle of air holes and has a diameter d 14 μm; the diameter of the three layers of outer ring air holes is d28 μm, and a hole spacing Λ between air holes of the core layer and air holes of the innermost circle of the cladding layer016.5 μm, and the hole distance Λ between the air holes of the innermost layer and the second layer1The hole spacing between the three layers of outer ring air holes is Λ28.5 μm. Under the parameters, the mode characteristics of the photonic crystal fiber are shown in fig. 2 to 5 and table 1.
Referring to FIG. 2, a mode field distribution diagram for each eigenmode of the fiber supported transmission; referring to FIG. 3, the effective refractive index for each eigenmode is plotted as a function of wavelength; referring to FIG. 4, a graph of effective refractive index difference between different eigenmodes as a function of wavelength is shown; referring to fig. 5, a dispersion change diagram of each mode; table 1 lists the confinement losses at 1550nm wavelength for these modes that can support transmission.
The results of fig. 2 to 4 show that the pure silica air hole photonic crystal fiber can support the transmission of 12 eigenmodes, and the effective refractive index difference of each order eigenmode and other modes is more than 1 × 10-4And the stable transmission of the OAM mode is ensured. The optical fiber can support
Figure BDA0001721882190000051
Figure BDA0001721882190000052
And the total number of the stable transmission of 18 OAM modes.
The results of FIG. 5 show that the dispersion values of 12 eigenmodes which can support transmission of the optical fiber are all less than 70 ps-nm in the wavelength range of 1500nm-1600nm-1·km-1And the dispersion variation amplitude of all modes does not exceed 10ps & nm in the wavelength range-1·km-1. Wherein the dispersion value is EH at the maximum41Mode having a dispersion value of 64.11ps nm at a wavelength of 1550nm-1·km-1And the range of dispersion variation of the mode in the wavelength range of 1500nm-1600nm is 9.08ps nm-1·km-1. The results of fig. 5 show that the air hole photonic crystal fiber has lower and flatter dispersion characteristics.
Table 1 shows the confinement loss of each mode in the photonic crystal fiber of the present invention at 1550nm, and the results show that the air hole photonic crystal fiber has lower confinement loss, and the confinement loss of each mode at 1550nm is lower than 4.19 × 10-10dB/m。
TE01 HE11 HE21 HE31 TM01 EH11
3.67×10-10 2.73×10-10 4.19×10-10 2.71×10-10 2.48×10-10 9.49×10-11
HE41 EH21 HE51 EH31 HE61 EH41
3.89×10-10 1.62×10-10 2.25×10-11 3.95×10-10 1.86×10-10 3.77×10-10
TABLE 1 (Unit dB/m)
The optical fiber is made of pure silicon dioxide, and the optical characteristics of the optical fiber, such as mode, dispersion and the like, can be adjusted by changing the position and the size of the air hole of the optical fiber. By optimizing the structural parameters of the optical fiber, the optical fiber can support the stable transmission of 18 OAM modes, and each mode has the characteristics of low dispersion, low limiting loss and the like in a 1500nm-1600nm communication waveband, and the optical fiber has potential application value in an OAM optical fiber communication system.
The invention is not described in detail and is within the knowledge of a person skilled in the art.

Claims (5)

1. A pure silica air hole photonic crystal fiber capable of supporting 18 OAM mode transmission comprises a fiber core layer and a cladding layer, wherein the cladding layer is composed of an innermost circle of air holes and a plurality of layers of outer circle of air holes distributed around the innermost circle of air holes, and the innermost circle of air holes of the cladding layer is a circle of air holes with the diameter d1The air hole of (2); the method is characterized in that: the core layer is formed by a core material with a diameter d0The air holes are formed by three layers surrounding a circle of air holes at the innermost layerThe three layers of outer ring air holes are arranged periodically according to a ring shape, and each layer is formed by a circle of air holes with the same size and diameter d2The air hole;
the hole distance Λ between the air holes of the core layer and the air holes of the innermost circle of the cladding layer0＝16.5μm；
The hole spacing Λ between the air holes of the innermost ring and the air holes of the second outer ring of the cladding1＝6.5μm；
The hole spacing between the three layers of outer ring air holes is Λ2＝8.5μm。
2. The pure silica air hole photonic crystal fiber capable of supporting 18 OAM mode transmissions as recited in claim 1, wherein: diameter d of the core layer air hole0＝20μm。
3. The pure silica air hole photonic crystal fiber capable of supporting 18 OAM mode transmissions as recited in claim 1, wherein: the innermost layer of the cladding is densely distributed with a circle of air holes and has a diameter d1＝4μm。
4. The pure silica air hole photonic crystal fiber capable of supporting 18 OAM mode transmissions as recited in claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the three layers of outer ring air holes is d2＝8μm。
5. The pure silica air hole photonic crystal fiber capable of supporting 18 OAM mode transmissions as recited in claim 1, wherein: the core layer and the cladding layer are made of pure silicon dioxide.
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CN110333572B (en) * 2019-04-15 2020-11-24 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 Low-attenuation graded orbital angular momentum optical fiber
CN110542947A (en) * 2019-08-19 2019-12-06 华南师范大学 Microstructure optical fiber for generating and transmitting vortex light beam
CN111913250B (en) * 2020-07-20 2022-07-05 天津理工大学 OAM mode dispersion compensation microstructure optical fiber based on double-ring resonance
CN112649915B (en) * 2020-12-25 2022-08-02 东北石油大学 Photonic crystal fiber supporting 114 OAM mode transmission
CN113050218B (en) * 2021-03-25 2022-06-24 中国计量大学 Negative curvature terahertz optical fiber supporting 52 orbital angular momentum modes

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