CN108614322B - Photonic crystal fiber - Google Patents
Photonic crystal fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN108614322B CN108614322B CN201810408965.2A CN201810408965A CN108614322B CN 108614322 B CN108614322 B CN 108614322B CN 201810408965 A CN201810408965 A CN 201810408965A CN 108614322 B CN108614322 B CN 108614322B
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- cladding
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000004038 photonic crystal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- -1 acrylic ester Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009022 nonlinear effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02395—Glass optical fibre with a protective coating, e.g. two layer polymer coating deposited directly on a silica cladding surface during fibre manufacture
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03605—Highest refractive index not on central axis
- G02B6/03611—Highest index adjacent to central axis region, e.g. annular core, coaxial ring, centreline depression affecting waveguiding
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a photonic crystal fiber, comprising: the cross section of the optical fiber is circular, the core layer, the cladding and the coating layer are all concentric, the core layer is positioned at the innermost layer, and the cross section of the core layer isThe center of be the circular port, evenly set up a plurality of oval-shaped gas pockets in the covering, the covering includes 5 covering rings, the gas pocket in every covering ring uses the center of sandwich layer to be the central original point and is the annular array and arrange, the size of the area of the cross section of the intra-annular gas pocket of covering increases progressively from inner circle to outer lane in proper order, the major axis of oval-shaped gas pocket all towards the center of directional sandwich layer, the interval between the covering ring is from inner circle to outer lane grow in proper order, sandwich layer and covering all adopt silicon dioxide crystal or silicon crystal to make, the coating adopts acrylic ester or silicon rubber to make. The photonic crystal fiber can transmit a plurality of orbital angular momentum modes, and the effective refractive index difference reaches 10‑3Magnitude, low confinement loss, small nonlinear coefficient and low dispersion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of communication, and particularly relates to a photonic crystal fiber.
Background
Orbital Angular Momentum (Orbital Angular Momentum) is another important parameter of photons in addition to the conventional wavelength, polarization, etc. parameters. With the continuous development of wavelength division multiplexing, time division multiplexing, code division multiplexing and other technologies in the field of optical communication, the transmission data volume is close to saturation, and OAM provides a brand new degree of freedom for the multiplexing of light beams.
In an OAM optical fiber communication system, an optical fiber supporting OAM mode transmission is a key device. In recent years, Photonic Crystal Fibers (PCFs) have attracted much attention. The photonic crystal fiber is also called as a micro-structure or porous fiber and mainly comprises a fiber core and tiny air holes periodically arranged around the fiber core, and the relative refractive indexes of a cladding and the fiber core can be conveniently adjusted by changing the size, the shape and the filling rate of the air holes. The appearance of photonic crystal fibers shows a new mechanism for controlling photons, and the research field of light transmission is greatly expanded. With the gradual and deep research on Photonic Crystal Fibers (PCF) and the gradual maturity of the manufacturing technology of the photonic crystal fibers in recent years, the photonic crystal fibers and the optical soliton theory inject the bobby into the development of the optical communication technology.
Photonic crystal fibers are widely used in many fields due to their non-stop single mode, controllable mode area, controllable dispersion characteristics over a wide wavelength range, high non-linear characteristics when used as a transmission medium, and the like. But its high loss limits its development. Meanwhile, in the aspect of supporting OAM mode transmission, the effective refractive index difference is always maintained at 10-4And order of magnitude, cannot be further improved, so that odd-even eigenmode walk-off, birefringence, and polarization mode dispersion easily occur, affecting mode purity and causing inter-mode coupling or crosstalk.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a photonic crystal fiber capable of increasing the number of transfer orbital angular momentum modes and reducing confinement loss.
The present invention provides a photonic crystal fiber having the features comprising:
the optical fiber comprises a core layer, a cladding layer and a coating layer from inside to outside, wherein the cross section of the optical fiber is circular, the core layer, the cladding layer and the coating layer are all concentric, and the cladding layer comprises a plurality of cladding rings.
In addition, the photonic crystal fiber provided by the present invention may further have the following characteristics: the core cross-section has a circular hole in the center.
In addition, the photonic crystal fiber provided by the present invention may further have the following characteristics: the cladding comprises 5 cladding rings.
In addition, the photonic crystal fiber provided by the present invention may further have the following characteristics: the cross section of the cladding ring is a circular ring.
In addition, the photonic crystal fiber provided by the present invention may further have the following characteristics: a plurality of air holes with the same size are uniformly formed in the cladding ring, and the air holes are distributed in an annular array by taking the center of the core layer as a center origin.
In addition, the photonic crystal fiber provided by the present invention may further have the following characteristics: the cross section of the air hole is oval.
In addition, the photonic crystal fiber provided by the present invention may further have the following characteristics: the sectional area of the air hole in the cladding ring is gradually increased from the inner ring to the outer ring.
In addition, the photonic crystal fiber provided by the present invention may further have the following characteristics: the major axes of the ellipses all point towards the center of the core layer.
In addition, the photonic crystal fiber provided by the present invention may further have the following characteristics: the core layer is made of silicon dioxide crystals or silicon crystal materials; the cladding is made of silica crystal or silicon crystal material.
In addition, the photonic crystal fiber provided by the present invention may further have the following characteristics: the coating layer is made of acrylate materials or silicon rubber materials.
Action and Effect of the invention
The photonic crystal fiber has the beneficial effects that: the optical fiber can transmit a plurality of orbital angular momentum modes, the limiting loss is low, and the refractive index difference of the mode group reaches 10-3In addition, the dispersion of the optical fiber is low, and the nonlinear coefficient is small.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a photonic crystal fiber according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is |. HEa+1,1‐EHa‐1,1| an effective refractive index difference Δ n of 2,4,5,7,9,11,14,15,16effA graph of the relationship as a function of wavelength;
FIG. 3 shows EHa‐1，1(a ═ 5,16) and HEa+1，1A plot of confinement loss L versus wavelength change for (9, 14);
FIG. 4 shows TE0,1，EHa‐1,1(a ═ 2,3,5,11,16) and HEa+1,1A graph of the nonlinear coefficient γ of (1, 3,5,9,14,15) versus wavelength variation; and
FIG. 5 shows TE0,1，HEa+1,1(a-3, 5,14,15) and EHa‐1,1Dispersion D versus wavelength λ for (a 2,5,11, 16).
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation features, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the following embodiments are specifically described with reference to the attached drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a photonic crystal fiber according to the present invention.
The photonic crystal fiber is in a strip line shape. The photonic crystal fiber has a cross-sectional structure as shown in fig. 1, and the photonic crystal fiber 100 includes a core layer 10, a cladding layer 20, and a coating layer 30 from the inside to the outside. And the core layer 10, the cladding layer 20, and the coating layer 30 are all concentric.
The core layer 10 is located at the inner ring of the cross-sectional structure of the photonic crystal fiber 100. The center of the core layer 10 is provided with a circular hole, the radius of the circular hole ranges from 0.3 to 1 μm, and the thickness of the core layer 10 ranges from 1 to 2 μm. In this embodiment, the radius of the central circular hole is 0.67 μm, and the thickness of the core layer is 1.5-1.7 μm.
The cladding 20 is located between the core layer 10 and the coating layer 30, and includes five cladding rings, which are, in order from the inner circumference to the outer circumference of the cladding 20, a first cladding ring 21, a second cladding ring 22, a third cladding ring 23, a fourth cladding ring 24, and a fifth cladding ring 25.
A plurality of oval air holes 211 are uniformly arranged on the cladding ring 21, and the air holes 211 are adjacent in sequence. The major axis of the oval-shaped air holes 211 ranges from 0.7 to 1.7 μm, and the minor axis of the oval-shaped air holes 211 ranges from 0.1 to 1.1 μm. In this embodiment, the major axis is 1.2 μm and the minor axis is 0.6 μm.
A plurality of elliptical air holes 221 are uniformly formed in the cladding ring 22, and the air holes 221 are sequentially adjacent to each other. The major axis of the elliptical air holes 221 ranges from 0.9 to 1.9 μm, and the minor axis of the elliptical air holes 221 ranges from 0.2 to 1.2 μm. In this embodiment, the major axis is 1.4 μm and the minor axis is 0.7 μm.
The cladding ring 23 is uniformly provided with a plurality of oval air holes 231, and the air holes 231 are adjacent in sequence. The major axis of the oval-shaped air hole 231 ranges from 1.1 to 2.1 μm, and the minor axis of the oval-shaped air hole 231 ranges from 0.3 to 1.3 μm. In this embodiment, the major axis is 1.6 μm and the minor axis is 0.8 μm.
A plurality of oval air holes 241 are uniformly formed in the cladding ring 24, and the air holes 241 are sequentially adjacent to each other. The major axis of the oval-shaped air hole 241 ranges from 1.3 to 2.3 μm, and the minor axis of the oval-shaped air hole 211 ranges from 0.4 to 1.4 μm. In this embodiment, the major axis is 1.8 μm and the minor axis is 0.9 μm.
A plurality of oval air holes 251 are uniformly arranged on the cladding ring 25, and the air holes 251 are adjacent in sequence. The major axis of the elliptical air holes 251 ranges from 1.5 to 2.5 μm, and the minor axis of the elliptical air holes 251 ranges from 0.5 to 1.5 μm. In this embodiment, the major axis is 2 μm and the minor axis is 1 μm
The spacing between adjacent cladding rings was the same, and was 0.2 μm.
The cross section size of the air holes in the cladding ring increases gradually from the inner ring to the outer ring. The air holes in each cladding ring are arranged in an annular array with the center of the core layer 10 as a central origin. The elliptical holes of each cladding ring are the same in number, which in this embodiment is 92. The major axis of each elliptical air hole in each cladding ring is directed toward the center of the core layer 10.
The core layer 10 is made of silicon dioxide crystals or silicon crystal materials, the cladding layer 20 is made of silicon dioxide crystals or silicon crystal materials, and the coating layer 30 is made of acrylate materials or silicon rubber materials. In this embodiment, the core layer and the cladding layer are made of silicon crystal material, and the coating layer is made of silicon rubber material.
Effective refractive index difference Δ neffFor HEs with the same topological charge number a and the same mode field intensity pattern concentric ring number ba+1，bDie and EHa‐1，bAbsolute value of difference between real parts of effective refractive indices of modes, i.e. | HEa+1,b‐EHa‐1,b| a. Proved by experiments, the effective refractive index difference delta neffGreater than 10‐4In time, the mold HE can be effectively preventeda+1，bAnd EHa‐1，bDegenerating into linear polarization mode LPa，bAnd to intermodal crosstalk between them, resulting in loss or error of data, which is detrimental to fiber transmission. The larger the difference in effective refractive index is, the better. (in HE)a+1，bAnd EHa‐1，bAnd LPa，bWherein a represents the number of topological charges, b represents the number of concentric rings)
The number of all concentric rings in the photonic crystal fiber of the present invention is 1.
FIG. 2 is |. HEa+1,1‐EHa‐1,1| an effective refractive index difference Δ n of 2,4,5,7,9,11,14,15,16efffGraph of wavelength dependence.
As shown in fig. 2, the abscissa is wavelength (μm) and the ordinate is | HEa+1,1‐EHa‐1,1| it can be seen that in the 1.1 μm to 1.7 μm band, all | HEa+1,1‐EHa‐1,1| each having an effective refractive index difference greater than 10‐4And almost all are greater than 10‐3Effectively prevent them from synthesizing LPa,1Mode and generate intermodal coupling. (in the figure, 1E-4 represents 1X 10)4)
The limiting loss L is a key factor for limiting remote transmission, and in the transmission process, the smaller the loss L is, the better the loss L is, the calculation formula is as follows:
where λ is the wavelength of the incident light, Im (n)eff) The imaginary part of the mode effective index.
FIG. 3 shows EHa‐1，1(a ═ 5,16) and HEa+1，1Graph of limiting loss L versus wavelength change for (9, 14).
As shown in FIG. 3, the abscissa is wavelength (. mu.m) and the ordinate is confinement loss L (dB/m), and it can be seen that the average confinement loss of these modes is about 4X 10‐9Decibel/meter. Compared with the traditional optical fiber, the confinement loss of the eigen vector mode of the photonic crystal optical fiber with the structure is lower by 3 orders of magnitude. Thus, this particular PCF may find potential application in long-haul fiber-optic communications.
Nonlinear effects can adversely affect the transmission of the fiber, such as pulse broadening. Therefore, the smaller the non-linear coefficient γ is, the better the transmission process is, the formula is:
wherein A iseffFor the effective mode area, n is the refractive index of the background material and λ is the wavelength of the incident light.
FIG. 4 shows TE0,1，EHa‐1,1(a ═ 2,3,5,11,16) and HEa+1,1A graph of the nonlinear coefficient γ of (1, 3,5,9,14,15) versus wavelength change.
As shown in FIG. 4, the abscissa of the graph is the wavelength (. mu.m), and the ordinate is the nonlinear coefficient γ (W)‐1Km), it can be seen that the nonlinear effect has less influence on the photonic crystal fiber when the optical power is high.
The dispersion D means that different modes are mutually separated due to different transmission speeds in the transmission process of lightOn, distortion of the waveform of the transmission signal is caused, and the pulse is widened. Waveguide dispersion and material dispersion are the main types of PCF dispersion, generally by waveguide dispersion DwMaterial dispersion DmThe total dispersion is calculated.
D＝Dw+Dm
Where λ is the wavelength of the incident light, n is the refractive index of the background material, c is the speed of light in vacuum, neffIs the effective index of refraction for the vectorial mode.
FIG. 5 shows TE0,1，HEa+1,1(a-3, 5,14,15) and EHa‐1,1Dispersion D versus wavelength λ for (a 2,5,11, 16).
As shown in fig. 5, the abscissa is the wavelength (μm) and the ordinate is the dispersion D (ps/(nm · km)), and it can be seen that all the modal dispersion curves are low and flat.
Effects and effects of the embodiments
According to the photonic crystal fiber related in the embodiment, the beneficial effects are as follows: the optical fiber can transmit a plurality of orbital angular momentum modes, the limiting loss is low, and the refractive index difference of the mode group reaches 10-3In addition, the dispersion of the optical fiber is low, and the nonlinear coefficient is small.
The above embodiments are preferred examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A photonic crystal fiber, comprising:
a core layer, a cladding layer and a coating layer from inside to outside,
the cross section of the optical fiber is circular, the core layer, the cladding layer and the coating layer are all concentric,
wherein the cladding comprises a plurality of cladding rings,
a plurality of air holes with the same size are uniformly arranged in the cladding ring, the cross section of each air hole is oval, the air holes are arranged in an annular array by taking the center of the core layer as a central origin,
the cladding comprises 5 cladding rings, the sectional area of the air holes in the cladding rings is increased from the inner ring to the outer ring in turn,
the major axes of the ellipses all point towards the center of the core layer.
2. A photonic crystal fiber according to claim 1, wherein:
wherein the center of the cross section of the core layer has a circular hole.
3. A photonic crystal fiber according to claim 1, wherein:
wherein the cross section of the cladding ring is a circular ring.
4. A photonic crystal fiber according to claim 1, wherein:
the core layer is made of silicon dioxide crystals or silicon crystal materials;
the cladding is made of silica crystals or silicon crystal materials.
5. A photonic crystal fiber according to claim 1, wherein:
the coating layer is made of an acrylate material or a silicon rubber material.
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| CN201810408965.2A CN108614322B (en) | 2018-04-28 | 2018-04-28 | Photonic crystal fiber |
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| CN201810408965.2A CN108614322B (en) | 2018-04-28 | 2018-04-28 | Photonic crystal fiber |
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| CN108614322B true CN108614322B (en) | 2020-03-10 |
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| CN109188598B (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-11-01 | 燕山大学 | A kind of super model microstructured optical fibers being used for transmission orbital angular momentum |
| CN110146953B (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2020-11-17 | 西安理工大学 | Photonic crystal fiber generating multiple orbital angular momentum modes and design method |
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| US20030190129A1 (en) * | 2000-08-25 | 2003-10-09 | Ian Bassett | Optical waveguide fibre |
| US20060133753A1 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2006-06-22 | Nelson Brian K | Hole assisted fiber device and fiber preform |
| GB0712740D0 (en) * | 2007-07-02 | 2007-08-08 | Tyco Electronics Raychem Nv | Holes arranged photonic crystal fiber for low loss tight fiber bending application |
| CN106842414B (en) * | 2017-03-08 | 2019-07-23 | 南京邮电大学 | A kind of photonic crystal fiber transmitting multiple OAM modes |
| CN107238890B (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2019-07-23 | 南京邮电大学 | A kind of photonic crystal fiber transmitting 22 photon angular momentum moulds |
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