CN118068479A - Eye type single polarization antiresonance hollow fiber - Google Patents
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- CN118068479A CN118068479A CN202410215945.9A CN202410215945A CN118068479A CN 118068479 A CN118068479 A CN 118068479A CN 202410215945 A CN202410215945 A CN 202410215945A CN 118068479 A CN118068479 A CN 118068479A
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 29
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to an eye-type single polarization antiresonant hollow fiber, which comprises an outer region and a cladding region; the cladding region comprises a first antiresonant unit, a second antiresonant unit, a third antiresonant unit and a fourth antiresonant unit which are arc-shaped and have different wall thicknesses, and the first antiresonant unit and the second antiresonant unit are alternately connected with the external region and form a rotationally symmetrical structure; the third antiresonant unit is installed between the first antiresonant unit and the external area; the fourth antiresonant unit is installed between the second antiresonant unit and the external area. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that the higher birefringence is introduced by the rotationally symmetrical structure of the cladding region and the first antiresonant unit and the second antiresonant unit with different wall thicknesses; the optical fiber limiting loss is further reduced through the third anti-resonance unit and the fourth anti-resonance unit; the fifth antiresonance unit suppresses the loss of the polarized mode in the direction, and ensures the single polarization output of the optical fiber.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fibers and communication, in particular to an eye-type single-polarization anti-resonance hollow optical fiber.
Background
With the development of communication systems, single polarization optical fibers are widely used in the fields of communication systems and lasers. Currently, the main optical fibers are divided into solid optical fibers and hollow optical fibers. The solid fiber is uncontrollably affected by nonlinear effect and chromatic dispersion due to the special property of fiber medium materials, and is affected by factors such as higher damage threshold, poorer structural design flexibility and the like, so that the solid fiber is limited to play in various applications. Because of the unique optical fiber structure, the hollow optical fiber adopts anti-resonance reflection and mode inhibition coupling theory to replace the traditional light guiding mechanism of the inherent solid optical fiber, effectively limits light in an air fiber core with lower refractive index, reduces overlapping and interaction of light and a medium with high refractive index, effectively avoids related problems such as nonlinearity, chromatic dispersion, laser damage threshold and the like in the light transmission process, and has extremely wide application scene because the lowest loss of the theory can be as low as below 0.1 dB/km.
By means of flexible optical fiber structural design, high refractive index medium filling and surface plasma resonance effect, degenerate transmission fundamental modes are separated, high birefringence is introduced into the hollow optical fiber, loss of a certain polarization direction mode is improved, and output of a single polarization direction mode is achieved.
Through retrieval, application publication number CN116990899a discloses a (s+c+l) band mixed light-guiding type single-polarization single-mode hollow fiber, specifically discloses: a hybrid light-guiding type single-polarization hollow fiber with a pair of negative curvature circular arc layers with identical curvature radius and thickness is provided, and y polarization transmission is realized through hybrid light guiding mechanism of anti-resonance and total internal reflection. However, in the prior art, a pair of arc layers are connected with the cladding pipe, so that the preparation difficulty is high.
Application publication number CN113448010a discloses a single polarization low-loss hollow negative curvature optical fiber, specifically discloses: the single-polarization hollow optical fiber with the U-shaped embedded ring is provided, the symmetry of the optical fiber is broken through adding the embedded ring, and the loss difference in different polarization directions is realized, but the high loss ratio bandwidth of the optical fiber is too narrow, and the application scene is limited.
Application publication number CN113126203a discloses a nested hollow anti-resonance optical fiber with crescent cladding, specifically discloses: the optical fiber tube comprises an optical fiber outer sleeve, a round inner sleeve cladding tube, a crescent outer cladding tube and an air fiber core from outside to inside in sequence; wherein, the round embedded cladding pipe and the crescent cladding pipe meet the principle of antiresonance reflection waveguide (ARROW) in design, and are specifically made of silicon dioxide and have the thickness of t; in the cladding region, a plurality of crescent moon-shaped cladding tubes with circular embedded sleeves are arranged around the cladding tube at certain intervals, and a central region surrounded by the crescent moon-shaped cladding tube boundary is an air fiber core region. However, this prior art only reduces the confinement loss and does not achieve high birefringence.
In summary, in various types of single-polarization antiresonant hollow-core optical fibers proposed at present, there is a problem that the reduction of loss and the polarization control cannot be achieved simultaneously, so how to design an optical fiber capable of reducing loss and realizing high birefringence is a technical problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defect that the prior art cannot achieve both loss reduction and high birefringence, and provides an eye-type single-polarization antiresonant hollow fiber.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ocular single polarization antiresonant hollow core fiber comprising an outer region and a cladding region, the cladding region being located inside the outer region; the cladding region comprises a first antiresonance unit, a second antiresonance unit, a third antiresonance unit and a fourth antiresonance unit which are arc-shaped and have different wall thicknesses, wherein the number of the first antiresonance unit and the second antiresonance unit is at least two respectively, and the first antiresonance unit and the second antiresonant unit are alternately connected with the external region through nodes at two ends to form a rotationally symmetrical structure; the curvature of the third anti-resonance unit is smaller than that of the first anti-resonance unit, the third anti-resonance unit is arranged between the first anti-resonance unit and the external area, and two end nodes of the third anti-resonance unit are connected with two end nodes of the first anti-resonance unit; the curvature of the fourth antiresonance unit is smaller than that of the second antiresonance unit, the fourth antiresonance unit is arranged between the second antiresonance unit and the external area, and two end nodes of the fourth antiresonance unit are connected with two end nodes of the second antiresonance unit.
As the preferable technical scheme, the number of the first anti-resonance unit and the number of the second anti-resonance unit are two respectively, the first anti-resonance unit is arranged in the X direction, and the second anti-resonance unit is arranged in the Y direction, so that a quasi-quadruple rotation symmetrical structure with the wall thickness difference structure completely overlapped after the optical fiber rotates by 90 degrees is formed.
As a preferable technical scheme, the first antiresonant unit and the second antiresonant unit are mutually exclusive.
As a preferable technical scheme, the cladding region further comprises a fifth antiresonant unit with a circular shape, the fifth antiresonant unit is arranged between the fourth antiresonant unit and the outer region and has an intersection point with the outer region, and the inner region of the fifth antiresonant unit is a fifth hollow layer.
As a preferable technical scheme, a largest inscribed circle area formed between the first antiresonant unit and the second antiresonant unit is a first hollow layer; the area formed between the first antiresonant unit and the third antiresonant unit and the area formed between the second antiresonant unit and the fourth antiresonant unit are hollow layers of the second class; the area formed by the third antiresonance unit and the external area is a third type hollow layer, and the area formed by the fourth antiresonance unit and the external area is a fourth type hollow layer; the refractive indexes of the medium in the first hollow layer, the second hollow layer, the third hollow layer, the fourth hollow layer and the fifth hollow layer are the same.
As a preferable technical solution, the fifth antiresonant unit and the fourth antiresonant unit do not intersect.
As a preferable technical scheme, the refractive index of the medium in the first hollow layer is smaller than that of the cladding region.
As a preferable technical scheme, the curvatures of the first antiresonant unit and the second antiresonant unit are the same.
As a preferable technical scheme, in the first anti-resonance unit, the second anti-resonance unit, the third anti-resonance unit and the fourth anti-resonance unit, the thickness deviation of the thin-wall layers of the same type is not more than 10%.
As a preferred embodiment, the refractive indices of the outer region and the cladding region are the same.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) The invention introduces higher birefringence through the rotationally symmetrical structure of the cladding region and the first antiresonance unit and the second antiresonance unit which are in different resonance states due to different wall thicknesses;
2) The invention breaks the quasi-circular sealed area formed by the first anti-resonance unit and the second anti-resonance unit by adding the third anti-resonance unit and the fourth anti-resonance unit, causes the mismatch of effective refractive index, adjusts the relative position so that the hollow layer meets the anti-resonance condition, and reduces the limiting loss of the optical fiber;
3) The fifth anti-resonance unit is added to inhibit the loss of the polarization mode in the direction, so that the single polarization output of the optical fiber is ensured;
4) The refractive indexes of the outer region and the cladding region are the same, and the same material can be selected for preparation, so that the method is easy to produce and manufacture.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of an eye-type single-polarization antiresonant hollow-core fiber according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a plot of the mode field profile of the present invention in the X direction over the operating band;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the mode field distribution in the Y direction within the operating band of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the radial normalized intensity distribution in the orthogonal direction of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a transverse time-averaged power flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of loss versus wavelength in the orthogonal direction of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the effective refractive index versus wavelength in the orthogonal direction according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the variation of loss ratio with wavelength in the orthogonal direction according to the present invention;
The reference numerals in the figures indicate:
11. Hollow layers of the first class, 12, second class, 13, third class, 14, fourth class, 15, fifth class, 21, first antiresonant unit, 22, second antiresonant unit, 23, third antiresonant unit, 24, fourth antiresonant unit, 25, fifth antiresonant unit, 26, and outer region.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention provides an ocular single polarization antiresonant hollow core fiber comprising an outer region 26 and a cladding region. The cladding region is located inside the outer region 26.
The outer region 26 is the outermost portion of the fiber cross-section, is a high purity glass tube or other high refractive index dielectric material having a relatively large wall thickness, and may alternatively be the same material as the cladding region, and may provide support for the fiber cladding region and serve to increase the mechanical strength of the fiber.
The cladding region includes a first antiresonant unit 21, a second antiresonant unit 22, a third antiresonant unit 23, a fourth antiresonant unit 24, and a fifth antiresonant unit 25. The first antiresonance unit 21, the second antiresonance unit 22, the third antiresonance unit 23 and the fourth antiresonance unit 24 are arc-shaped and open to the outer side of the outer area 26, each antiresonance unit has two, the first antiresonance unit 21 and the second antiresonance unit 22 are alternately connected with the outer area 26 through nodes at two ends to form a quasi-quadruple rotationally symmetrical structure, and the first antiresonance unit 21 and the second antiresonance unit 22 are mutually disjoint. The third antiresonance unit 23 has a curvature smaller than that of the first antiresonance unit 21, is arranged between the first antiresonance unit 21 and the external area 26, and has two end nodes connected with two end nodes of the first antiresonance unit 21 and the external area 26; the fourth antiresonant unit 24 has a curvature smaller than that of the second antiresonant unit 22, is installed between the second antiresonant unit 22 and the outer region 26, and has two end nodes connected to two end nodes of the second antiresonant unit 22; in summary, the first antiresonant unit 21 and the third antiresonant unit 23 are in the X direction, intersect the outer region 26, and the second antiresonant unit 22 and the fourth antiresonant unit 24 are in the Y direction, intersect the outer region 26. The fifth antiresonant unit 25 is a circular thin-walled layer in the Y-direction, mounted between the fourth antiresonant unit 24 and the outer region 26, each circular thin-walled layer intersecting the outer region 26 with only one intersection point.
The first antiresonant unit 21, the second antiresonant unit 22, the third antiresonant unit 23, the fourth antiresonant unit 24 and the fifth antiresonant unit 25 have a wall thickness ranging from 0.4 to 1.2 μm.
The different rotational symmetry means that the anti-resonant units are distributed around the fiber core according to different angular positions, for example, the cross section of the fiber is rotated 90 degrees around an axis, the obtained image is overlapped with the original image, namely, a quadruple rotational symmetry structure, but the image cannot be completely overlapped after being rotated 90 degrees due to the small difference of the wall thickness of the different anti-resonant units in the cladding region, so the optical fiber is called a quasi-quadruple rotational symmetry structure.
The wall thickness of the first antiresonant unit 21 is t 1, the wall thickness of the second antiresonant unit 22 is t 2, and the wall thickness t 1 is different from the wall thickness t 2; the wall thickness of the third antiresonant unit 23 is t 3, the wall thickness of the fourth antiresonant unit 24 is t 4, and the wall thickness t 3 is different from the wall thickness t 4; the thickness of the fifth antiresonant unit 25 is t 5, the thickness of the same antiresonant unit is uniform, and the thickness deviation is not more than 10%. The thicknesses of the first antiresonant unit 21, the second antiresonant unit 22, the third antiresonant unit 23, the fourth antiresonant unit 24 and the fifth antiresonant unit 25 can be adjusted according to different operating band requirements, and materials with the same refractive index or materials with the same refractive index, such as a material with a higher refractive index, for example, heraeus F300, can be selected.
The largest inscribed circle region formed between the first antiresonant unit 21 and the second antiresonant unit 22 is the first type hollow layer 11; the region formed between the first antiresonant unit 21 and the third antiresonant unit 23, and the region formed between the second antiresonant unit 22 and the fourth antiresonant unit 24 are the second type hollow layer 12; the area formed by the third antiresonance unit 23 and the external area 26 is a third hollow layer 13, the area formed by the fourth antiresonance unit 24 and the external area 26 is a fourth hollow layer 14, and the area inside the fifth thin-wall layer 25 is a fifth hollow layer 15; the refractive indexes of the media in the first hollow layer 11, the second hollow layer 12, the third hollow layer 13, the fourth hollow layer 14 and the fifth hollow layer 15 are the same, the same material can be selected, different layers are arranged in different directions, and the loss of different polarization direction modes is changed.
The method is further specifically described as follows:
Because the thicknesses of the first antiresonance unit 21 and the second antiresonance unit 22 are different, the effective refractive index real parts of the two modes are close to each other but do not intersect in the working wave band, so that the two modes are mutually converted, different effective refractive indexes are shown in different polarization directions, double refraction is excited in the optical fiber, and the two antiresonance units are alternately arranged to form a quasi-quadruple rotationally symmetrical structure, so that the double refraction of the optical fiber is effectively enhanced. Meanwhile, due to the existence of the third anti-resonance unit 23 and the fourth anti-resonance unit 24, further mismatch of the effective refractive indexes of the fiber core mode and the cladding mode is caused, and the second anti-resonance unit 22, the third anti-resonance unit 23 and the fourth hollow layer 14 are adjusted to meet anti-resonance conditions, so that the purpose of reducing the limiting loss of the optical fiber is achieved. Finally, a fifth antiresonant unit 25 is added in the fourth hollow layer 14 to restrain the loss of the polarized mode in the direction, so as to realize the single polarization output of the optical fiber.
All thin-wall layer thicknesses in the invention need to be selected according to the working wave band, wherein the first anti-resonance unit 21 and the second anti-resonance unit 22 mainly realize double refraction excitation, and the third anti-resonance unit 23, the fourth anti-resonance unit 24 and the fifth anti-resonance unit 25 mainly realize optical fiber loss reduction.
The performance parameters in all of the disclosed structures are exemplary only and not limiting of the disclosed structures.
The hollow fiber core area is made of air or low-refractive index medium material, the refractive index of the fiber core medium is smaller than that of anti-resonance units around the fiber core medium, and light can be limited to be transmitted in the fiber core through an anti-resonance reflection mechanism.
The thickness of the same antiresonant unit is uniform, and the thickness difference is controlled to be 10% of the thickness of the antiresonant unit. The above 10% represents an example, indicating that the effect on the fiber performance is within the acceptable range.
The curvatures of the first antiresonant unit 21, the second antiresonant unit 22, the third antiresonant unit 23, the fourth antiresonant unit 24 and the fifth antiresonant unit 25 can be adjusted according to actual needs, and the degree of freedom of design is high. The first antiresonant unit 21 and the second antiresonant unit 22 may have the same selectable curvature.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the structure shown in fig. 1 is calculated by adopting a finite element method to obtain the mode field distribution of the structure in the orthogonal direction in the working band, and the structure can break the mode degeneracy, excite birefringence and limit energy to the fiber core area in view of the mode field distribution.
As shown in fig. 4, the structure shown in fig. 1 is calculated by adopting a finite element method simulation, and the fifth antiresonant unit 25 has more practical antiresonant units in the Y direction than in the X direction, so that it is obvious that the energy in the Y direction is better limited by the radial normalized intensity distribution diagram.
As shown in fig. 5, the structure shown in fig. 1 is calculated by adopting a finite element method simulation, and by adopting a transverse Poynting vector component analysis method of a fiber core mode, it can be seen that the light leakage in the X direction is more obvious due to the different thickness and number of different antiresonant units. The transverse time average power refers to the power distribution of the light beam in the transverse direction (i.e., the direction perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the light beam) for analysis of specific characteristics of light leakage in the optical fiber.
As shown in fig. 6 to 8, the structure shown in fig. 1 is calculated by adopting a finite element method simulation, and the single polarization output with low loss and large bandwidth can be realized by adjusting and optimizing the structural parameters of the structure and enabling the polarization loss ratio to be larger than 100 in a large bandwidth.
In summary, the optical fiber disclosed by the invention has the advantages of reasonable structural design, easiness in preparation, capability of meeting the requirement of single-polarization optical fiber, and capability of further optimizing the performance of the optical fiber by optimizing and adjusting parameters.
While the invention has been described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and substitutions of equivalents may be made and equivalents will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention is subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. An ocular single polarization antiresonant hollow core fiber comprising an outer region (26) and a cladding region, the cladding region being located inside the outer region (26); the cladding region comprises a first antiresonance unit (21), a second antiresonance unit (22), a third antiresonance unit (23) and a fourth antiresonance unit (24) which are arc-shaped and have different wall thicknesses, wherein the number of the first antiresonance unit (21) and the second antiresonance unit (22) is at least two respectively, and the first antiresonance unit and the second antiresonance unit are alternately connected with an external region (26) through two end nodes to form a rotationally symmetrical structure; the curvature of the third anti-resonance unit (23) is smaller than that of the first anti-resonance unit (21), the third anti-resonance unit is arranged between the first anti-resonance unit (21) and the external area (26), and two end nodes of the third anti-resonance unit are connected with two end nodes of the first anti-resonance unit (21); the curvature of the fourth antiresonance unit (24) is smaller than that of the second antiresonance unit (22), the fourth antiresonance unit is arranged between the second antiresonance unit (22) and the external area (26), and two end nodes of the fourth antiresonance unit are connected with two end nodes of the second antiresonance unit (22).
2. An eye-type single polarization antiresonant hollow-core optical fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that the first antiresonant unit (21) and the second antiresonant unit (22) are respectively two, the first antiresonant unit (21) is installed in the X direction, the second antiresonant unit (22) is installed in the Y direction, and a quasi-quadruple rotation symmetrical structure with completely coincident structure is formed after the optical fiber rotates 90 ° except for the wall thickness difference.
3. An ophthalmic single polarization antiresonant hollow core fiber according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said first antiresonant unit (21) and said second antiresonant unit (22) are mutually disjoint.
4. An ocular single polarization antiresonant hollow-core fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that the cladding region further comprises a fifth antiresonant unit (25) shaped as a circle, the fifth antiresonant unit (25) being mounted between the fourth antiresonant unit (24) and the outer region (26) with an intersection with the outer region (26), the fifth antiresonant unit (25) inner region being the fifth hollow-like layer (15).
5. An ocular single polarization antiresonant hollow-core fiber according to claim 4, characterized in that the largest inscribed circular area formed between the first antiresonant unit (21) and the second antiresonant unit (22) is a first class hollow layer (11); the area formed between the first antiresonance unit (21) and the third antiresonance unit (23) and the area formed between the second antiresonance unit (22) and the fourth antiresonance unit (24) are the second class hollow layer (12); the region formed by the third antiresonance unit (23) and the external region (26) is a third hollow layer (13), and the region formed by the fourth antiresonance unit (24) and the external region (26) is a fourth hollow layer (14); the refractive indexes of the media in the first hollow layer (11), the second hollow layer (12), the third hollow layer (13), the fourth hollow layer (14) and the fifth hollow layer (15) are the same.
6. An ocular single polarization antiresonant hollow-core fiber as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the fifth antiresonant unit (25) is disjoint to the fourth antiresonant unit (24).
7. An ophthalmic single polarization antiresonant hollow core fiber as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the refractive index of the medium in the hollow layer (11) of the first type is smaller than the cladding region.
8. An ophthalmic single polarization antiresonant hollow core fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that the first antiresonant unit (21) and the second antiresonant unit (22) have the same curvature.
9. An optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the same type of thin-walled layer varies by no more than 10% among the first (21), second (22), third (23) and fourth (24) antiresonance units.
10. An ophthalmic single polarization antiresonant hollow core fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that the refractive index of the outer region (26) and the cladding region are the same.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202410215945.9A CN118068479A (en) | 2024-02-27 | 2024-02-27 | Eye type single polarization antiresonance hollow fiber |
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| CN202410215945.9A CN118068479A (en) | 2024-02-27 | 2024-02-27 | Eye type single polarization antiresonance hollow fiber |
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