CN116165739A - Polarization-maintaining large-mode-field solid-core anti-resonance active single-mode optical fiber - Google Patents
Polarization-maintaining large-mode-field solid-core anti-resonance active single-mode optical fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN116165739A CN116165739A CN202310048073.7A CN202310048073A CN116165739A CN 116165739 A CN116165739 A CN 116165739A CN 202310048073 A CN202310048073 A CN 202310048073A CN 116165739 A CN116165739 A CN 116165739A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02004—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating characterised by the core effective area or mode field radius
- G02B6/02009—Large effective area or mode field radius, e.g. to reduce nonlinear effects in single mode fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02004—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating characterised by the core effective area or mode field radius
- G02B6/02009—Large effective area or mode field radius, e.g. to reduce nonlinear effects in single mode fibres
- G02B6/02023—Based on higher order modes, i.e. propagating modes other than the LP01 or HE11 fundamental mode
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
- G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
- G02B6/02195—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by means for tuning the grating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02395—Glass optical fibre with a protective coating, e.g. two layer polymer coating deposited directly on a silica cladding surface during fibre manufacture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/024—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with polarisation maintaining properties
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Abstract
The invention discloses a polarization-maintaining large-mode-field solid-core anti-resonance active single-mode fiber, which comprises the following components: an active core region, a cladding region, and an optical fiber protective layer; the active fiber core region is a rare earth ion doped region, the cladding region comprises an inner cladding, an outer cladding and a passive background material region, and the inner cladding consists of a capillary tube which is arranged between the outer cladding and the active fiber core region and meets the thickness of an antiresonance condition and a first solid quartz rod in the capillary tube; the outer cladding surrounds the inner cladding and the fiber core and consists of a capillary tube with the thickness meeting the antiresonance condition and a second solid quartz rod inside the capillary tube; the inner cladding capillary comprises two high-refractive-index capillaries and four low-refractive-index capillaries, wherein the two high-refractive-index capillaries and the four low-refractive-index capillaries are arranged at an included angle of 180 degrees; the first solid quartz rod and the second solid quartz rod both belong to areas of passive background materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-power fiber lasers, in particular to a polarization-maintaining large-mode-field solid-core anti-resonance active single-mode fiber.
Background
The high-power fiber laser has the advantages of high electro-optical conversion efficiency, good beam quality, compact structure, easy thermal management and the like, and gradually becomes a main stream light source in the fields of industrial processing, military national defense, basic scientific research and the like. And some specific application fields, such as: laser radar, remote sensing, nonlinear optical frequency conversion and other applications often require high-power lasers to have linear polarization working characteristics at the same time, so as to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of coherent detection, realize physical quantity high-precision and long-distance measurement, or realize high-efficiency wavelength conversion. Therefore, it is often necessary to use polarization-maintaining large mode field optical fibers to achieve high power, linear polarization output of fiber lasers. However, the traditional core-cladding structure optical fiber based on the total internal reflection principle is limited by the refractive index modulation level of the quartz optical fiber glass matrix, and the field area of the fiber core is difficult to effectively improve. Taking commercial polarization-maintaining active double-clad optical fiber as an example, the numerical aperture of the fiber core is 0.06, the fiber core diameter is 25-30 mu m, and the fiber core runs in a few-mode state, so that the mode instability effect in the high-power laser working state severely restricts the laser performance. In recent years, various novel polarization-maintaining large-mode-field optical fiber structures have been developed. The photonic crystal fiber has advantages in the aspect of large-mode-field fiber application due to the non-cutoff single-mode transmission characteristic, but the complex structural design of the photonic crystal fiber is often higher in requirements on a manufacturing process, and the low-loss fusion welding difficulty of the fiber is higher, so that the practical application and popularization are greatly limited.
The solid anti-resonance optical fiber is used as a novel solid microstructure optical fiber, has a more simplified microstructure cladding, can realize large-mode-area single-mode laser transmission through reasonable cladding structural design and parameter design, and is convenient for optical fiber fusion and all-fiber system integration due to the solid fiber structure. However, the problem that the anti-resonance effect is invalid due to the regulation and control of the refractive index of the glass matrix by the doping of the rare earth ions in the fiber core region, the birefringence index of the large-mode-field optical fiber is reduced, and the like still remains a key problem to be solved in the development of the polarization-maintaining large-mode-field active optical fiber based on the solid anti-resonance structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a polarization-maintaining large-mode-field solid-core anti-resonance active single-mode fiber, which is used for obtaining a large-mode-field-area single-mode fiber based on an anti-resonance structure, realizing high birefringence coefficient of the large-mode-field-area single-mode fiber by utilizing mode coupling characteristics, and realizing a fiber core pumping structure of the large-mode-field-fiber through refractive index regulation of an active fiber core area, and is used for high-efficiency laser conversion, and is described in detail below:
a polarization-preserving large mode field solid-core antiresonant active single-mode fiber, the fiber comprising: an active core region, a cladding region, and an optical fiber protective layer;
the active fiber core region is a rare earth ion doped region, the cladding region comprises an inner cladding, an outer cladding and a passive background material region, and the inner cladding consists of a capillary tube which is arranged between the outer cladding and the active fiber core region and meets the thickness of an antiresonance condition and a first solid quartz rod in the capillary tube;
the outer cladding surrounds the inner cladding and the fiber core and consists of a capillary tube with the thickness meeting the antiresonance condition and a second solid quartz rod inside the capillary tube; the inner cladding capillary comprises two high-refractive-index capillaries and four low-refractive-index capillaries, wherein the two high-refractive-index capillaries and the four low-refractive-index capillaries are arranged at an included angle of 180 degrees; the first solid quartz rod and the second solid quartz rod both belong to areas of passive background materials.
Wherein, at the wavelength of the signal laser, the refractive index conditions of different components inside the optical fiber are:
the inner cladding is arranged at the refractive index of two capillaries with high refractive index and 180 degrees included angle, the refractive index of the capillaries with low refractive index of the inner cladding is larger than that of the active fiber core area;
the refractive index of the inner cladding low refractive index capillary is equal to that of the outer cladding capillary, and the refractive index of the active fiber core area is equal to that of the passive background material area;
at the pump laser band, the refractive index of the active core region > the refractive index of the passive background material region.
Further, the components of different refractive indexes inside the optical fiber are quartz-based glass materials with different compositions.
Wherein, all capillaries have equal wall thickness, and the thickness meets the antiresonance condition; all outer cladding capillaries have equal inner diameter and equal refractive index, and the ratio of the inner diameter to the fiber core diameter is in the range of 0.6-0.8; the inner cladding low refractive index capillary has equal inner diameter and equal refractive index, and the ratio of the inner diameter to the fiber core diameter is in the range of 0.3-0.4; the inner cladding high refractive index capillary has equal inner diameter and equal refractive index, and the ratio of the inner diameter to the fiber core diameter is in the range of 0.3-0.5.
Further, all the centers of the inner cladding capillaries are positioned on the same circumference, and all the centers of the outer cladding capillaries are positioned on the same circumference.
The active fiber core area is tangent to the outer walls of the two high-refractive-index capillaries.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the polarization-maintaining large-mode-field solid-core anti-resonance active single-mode fiber provided by the invention realizes low-loss transmission of a fundamental mode by utilizing an anti-resonance principle under the condition of large-mode-field area, and simultaneously transmits a fiber core LP through a resonance coupling effect 01 The y mode and the two high-refractive-index capillaries with an included angle of 180 degrees form strong mode coupling with the resonance mode on the two high-refractive-index capillaries, so that the double refraction coefficient of the large-mode-field optical fiber is greatly improved;
2. the invention provides a polarization-maintaining large-mode-field solid anti-resonance active single-mode fiber, which uses quartz-based glass materials with different components in an active fiber core area and a passive background material area respectively; the refractive index of the active fiber core area of the target laser wave band is the same as that of the passive background material area so as to meet the anti-resonance basic condition and realize the low-loss transmission of the fundamental mode; the refractive index of the active fiber core area of the pumping laser wave band is larger than that of the passive background material area so as to ensure the total internal reflection transmission of the pumping laser in the active fiber core area, thereby improving the utilization rate of the pumping laser and the laser conversion efficiency;
3. according to the polarization-maintaining large-mode-area solid-core anti-resonance active single-mode optical fiber, due to the unique double-cladding structure, different high-order modes can be coupled with different cladding modes, higher high-order mode loss can be ensured when the mode field area is larger, and large-mode-area single-mode transmission of the optical fiber is realized;
4. the polarization-maintaining large-mode-field solid anti-resonance active single-mode fiber can be prepared by using a stacking-drawing method, is simple in structure and easy to realize, has a low nonlinear effect and a high laser damage threshold, and is suitable for high-power fiber laser application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a polarization-maintaining large-mode-field solid anti-resonance active single-mode fiber;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing refractive index curves of a passive background material region and a rare earth ion doped active core region of a polarization-maintaining large-mode-field solid-core anti-resonance active single-mode fiber in a wave band of 0.9-1.1 μm;
FIG. 3 shows a polarization-maintaining large mode field solid-core anti-resonance active single-mode fiber LP 01 x-mode, resonant mode present on two high refractive index capillaries with an inner cladding disposed at an angle of 180 °, and LP 01 A schematic coupling of the y-mode to the resonant mode;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the birefringence index of a polarization-maintaining large mode field solid-core antiresonant active single-mode fiber near the 1.064 μm target laser band;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of coupling four higher order modes with different cladding modes for a polarization-maintaining large mode field solid-core anti-resonant active single mode fiber;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the limiting losses of two fundamental modes and four higher order modes of a polarization-maintaining large mode field solid-core antiresonant active single mode fiber;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a representative transmission mode of a polarization-maintaining large mode field solid-core antiresonant active single mode fiber in the 0.976 μm pump laser band.
In the drawings, the list of components represented by the various numbers is as follows:
1: an active core region; 2: passive background material areas;
3: an optical fiber protective layer; 4: an overclad capillary;
5: an inner cladding high refractive index capillary; 6: the inner cladding is a low refractive index capillary.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below.
Example 1
A polarization-maintaining large mode field solid-core antiresonant active single-mode fiber, see fig. 1, comprising: an active core region 1, a cladding region and an optical fiber protective layer 3; the active core region 1 is a rare earth ion doped region, and the cladding region includes: the inner cladding layer, the outer cladding layer and the passive background material region 2, wherein the inner cladding layer consists of a capillary tube which is arranged between the outer cladding layer and the active fiber core region and meets the thickness of an antiresonance condition and a solid quartz rod in the capillary tube; the inner cladding capillary comprises two high refractive index capillaries 5 and a low refractive index capillary 6 which are arranged at an included angle of 180 degrees; the outer cladding surrounds the inner cladding and the fiber core and consists of a capillary 4 with the thickness meeting the antiresonance condition and a solid quartz rod inside the capillary; the solid quartz rods all belong to the area of passive background material.
Further, at the signal laser wavelength, the refractive index conditions of the different components inside the fiber are: the inner cladding is arranged on two capillaries with high refractive index and 180 degrees, wherein the capillaries with low refractive index of the inner cladding are arranged in the two capillaries with high refractive index, the capillaries with low refractive index of the outer cladding are arranged in the two capillaries with active fiber core areas and passive background material areas; at the pump laser band, the active core region refractive index > the passive background region refractive index.
Further, the components of different refractive indexes inside the optical fiber are quartz-based glass materials with different compositions.
Further, all capillaries have equal wall thickness, and the thickness meets the antiresonance condition; all outer cladding capillaries have equal inner diameter and equal refractive index, and the ratio of the inner diameter to the fiber core diameter is in the range of 0.6-0.8; the inner cladding low refractive index capillary has equal inner diameter and equal refractive index, and the ratio of the inner diameter to the fiber core diameter is in the range of 0.3-0.4; the inner cladding high refractive index capillary has equal inner diameter and equal refractive index, and the ratio of the inner diameter to the fiber core diameter is in the range of 0.3-0.5.
Further, the active fiber core area 1 is tangent to the outer walls of two high refractive index capillaries with an included angle of 180 degrees with the inner cladding.
Further, all the centers of the inner cladding capillaries are positioned on the same circumference, and all the centers of the outer cladding capillaries are positioned on the same circumference.
Example 2
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a polarization-maintaining large-mode-field solid anti-resonance active single-mode fiber, in FIG. 1, an inner diameter of an active fiber core region 1 is d core 72.0 μm around which is a region of passive background material 2, the outermost layer being a protective layer 3 for the optical fiber; the inner diameter of the outer cladding capillary 4 of the optical fiber is d 1 =61.5 μm; the inner diameter of the optical fiber inner cladding is d at an included angle of 180 DEG in two high refractive index capillaries 5 2 =30.8 μm, the low refractive index capillary 6 has an inner diameter d 3 =18.5 μm; all capillaries had a thickness of t=0.9 μm; the gap between the outer cladding capillary 4 of the optical fiber and the inner cladding of the optical fiber, which is arranged at two capillaries 5 with high refractive index and 180 degrees, is T 1 The gap between the fiber outer cladding capillary 4 and the fiber inner cladding low refractive index capillary 6 is T =1 μm 2 =6μm; the components with different refractive indexes in the optical fiber are quartz-based glass materials with different components; the active core region 1 is tangent to the outer wall of an inner cladding high refractive index capillary 5 disposed at an angle of 180 °.
The development scheme of the polarization-maintaining large-mode-field solid-core antiresonance active single-mode fiber provided by the embodiment of the invention is not limited to the optical fiber structural design mode and the solid-core antiresonance optical fiber type adopted by the embodiment.
The polarization-maintaining large-mode-field solid anti-resonance active single-mode fiber shown in fig. 1 has a double-cladding structural design mode, wherein all outer cladding capillary centers are positioned on the same circumference, and all inner cladding capillary centers are positioned on the same circumference; all cladding capillaries have the same thickness; all outer cladding capillary inner diameters are the same, and the inner cladding capillary inner diameters and refractive indexes are different.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing refractive index curves of a passive background material region and an active core region of an optical fiber in a 0.9-1.1 μm band, and refractive index conditions of different components in the optical fiber in a 1.064 μm band are as follows: active core region = passive background material region = 1.45; at the 0.976 μm band, the active core region refractive index > the passive background region refractive index.
Furthermore, at the 1.064 μm band, the refractive index conditions of the different components inside the fiber are: two high refractive index capillaries of inner cladding = 1.88; inner cladding low refractive index capillary = outer cladding capillary = 1.48; active core region = passive background material region = 1.45.
FIG. 3 shows LP of a polarization-maintaining large mode field solid-core antiresonant active single-mode fiber at a 1.064 μm band 01 x-mode, resonant mode on inner cladding high refractive index capillary and LP 01 A schematic of y-mode and resonant mode coupling. The antiresonant wavelength of the solid antiresonant fiber is determined by equation (1):
wherein n is s2 For the refractive index of the outer cladding capillary and the inner cladding low refractive index capillary material, n s1 The refractive index of the active core region material, m is any positive integer, and t is the capillary thickness.
According to the thickness t of the outer cladding capillary and the inner cladding low refractive index capillary in the embodiment, the working wavelength of the solid anti-resonance optical fiber can be limited to be about 1.064 mu m, so that low-loss transmission of the target signal laser fundamental mode is realized. While the inner cladding is arranged in the presence of two high refractive index capillaries at an angle of 180 DEG, so that the core LP 01 The y-mode is strongly mode-coupled with the resonant mode on the high index capillary, thereby increasing the LP 01 The limiting loss of the y mode improves the birefringence of the fiber. At this time, LP 01 The effective mode field area of the x mode is larger than 3000 mu m 2 。
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the distribution of birefringence of a solid anti-resonant fiber around 1.064 μm, which can still reach 10 under the condition of large mode area -5 Magnitude.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a solid anti-resonant fiber in which four higher order modes are coupled to different cladding modes at 1.064 μm.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the loss curves of the fundamental mode and the high-order mode of a solid anti-resonant fiber around 1.064 μm, LP thanks to the anti-resonant principle 01 Minimum x-mode limiting loss and less than 0.1dB/m, LP 01 y modeThe limiting loss is improved due to the coupling with the resonance mode on the inner cladding high refractive index capillary, and the limiting loss of the four high-order modes is more than 10dB/m due to the coupling effect shown in fig. 5, which shows that the optical fiber can realize single-mode operation.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a typical mode of a 0.976 μm pump laser when conducted in an active core region of a solid anti-resonant fiber, which benefits from the presence of the refractive index difference in FIG. 2, i.e., the refractive index of the active core region is greater than that of the passive background material region, and the 0.976 μm pump laser can be transmitted in total internal reflection in the active core region, thereby achieving a substantial increase in pump efficiency and laser conversion efficiency.
In summary, the polarization-maintaining large-mode-field solid-core anti-resonance active single-mode fiber provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages that the area of the large-mode-field is [ ]>3000μm 2 ) Can still realize the transmission loss of higher order mode more than 10dB/m under the condition of 10 -5 A high level of birefringence of the order of magnitude. The solid anti-resonance active single-mode optical fiber provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of simple process, stable performance, flexible design of the structure and the like. In addition, the embodiment of the invention realizes the total internal reflection transmission of the pump light in the active fiber core area by regulating and controlling the refractive index of the fiber glass matrix, improves the pump absorption and laser conversion efficiency, and has important application value in the technical field of high-power fiber laser.
The embodiment of the invention does not limit the types of other devices except the types of the devices, so long as the devices can complete the functions.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the drawings are schematic representations of only one preferred embodiment, and that the above-described embodiment numbers are merely for illustration purposes and do not represent advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A polarization-maintaining large-mode-field solid-core anti-resonant active single-mode fiber, the fiber comprising: an active core region, a cladding region, and an optical fiber protective layer;
the active fiber core region is a rare earth ion doped region, the cladding region comprises an inner cladding, an outer cladding and a passive background material region, and the inner cladding consists of a capillary tube which is arranged between the outer cladding and the active fiber core region and meets the thickness of an antiresonance condition and a first solid quartz rod in the capillary tube;
the outer cladding surrounds the inner cladding and the fiber core and consists of a capillary tube with the thickness meeting the antiresonance condition and a second solid quartz rod inside the capillary tube; the inner cladding capillary comprises two high-refractive-index capillaries and four low-refractive-index capillaries, wherein the two high-refractive-index capillaries and the four low-refractive-index capillaries are arranged at an included angle of 180 degrees; the first solid quartz rod and the second solid quartz rod both belong to areas of passive background materials.
2. The polarization-maintaining large mode field solid anti-resonance active single-mode fiber according to claim 1, wherein at the wavelength of the signal laser, the refractive index conditions of different components inside the fiber are:
the inner cladding is arranged at the refractive index of two capillaries with high refractive index and 180 degrees included angle, the refractive index of the capillaries with low refractive index of the inner cladding is larger than that of the active fiber core area;
the refractive index of the inner cladding low refractive index capillary is equal to that of the outer cladding capillary, and the refractive index of the active fiber core area is equal to that of the passive background material area;
at the pump laser band, the refractive index of the active core region > the refractive index of the passive background material region.
3. The polarization-maintaining large mode field solid anti-resonance active single-mode optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein components with different refractive indexes in the optical fiber are quartz-based glass materials with different components.
4. The polarization-maintaining large mode field solid anti-resonance active single-mode optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein all capillaries have equal wall thicknesses and the thickness satisfies an anti-resonance condition; all outer cladding capillaries have equal inner diameter and equal refractive index, and the ratio of the inner diameter to the fiber core diameter is in the range of 0.6-0.8; the inner cladding low refractive index capillary has equal inner diameter and equal refractive index, and the ratio of the inner diameter to the fiber core diameter is in the range of 0.3-0.4; the inner cladding high refractive index capillary has equal inner diameter and equal refractive index, and the ratio of the inner diameter to the fiber core diameter is in the range of 0.3-0.5.
5. The polarization-maintaining large mode field solid anti-resonance active single mode fiber according to claim 1, wherein all inner cladding capillary centers are located on the same circumference and all outer cladding capillary centers are located on the same circumference.
6. The polarization-maintaining large mode field solid anti-resonance active single mode fiber according to claim 1, wherein the active fiber core region is tangent to the outer walls of the two high refractive index capillaries.
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| CN117369046A (en) * | 2023-12-08 | 2024-01-09 | 南京信息工程大学 | Hollow anti-resonance optical fiber with flat mid-infrared dispersion |
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| CN117369046A (en) * | 2023-12-08 | 2024-01-09 | 南京信息工程大学 | Hollow anti-resonance optical fiber with flat mid-infrared dispersion |
| CN117369046B (en) * | 2023-12-08 | 2024-02-09 | 南京信息工程大学 | Hollow anti-resonance optical fiber with flat mid-infrared dispersion |
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