CN117322286A - Tomato cultivation method - Google Patents
Tomato cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117322286A CN117322286A CN202311629172.0A CN202311629172A CN117322286A CN 117322286 A CN117322286 A CN 117322286A CN 202311629172 A CN202311629172 A CN 202311629172A CN 117322286 A CN117322286 A CN 117322286A
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- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 43
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- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
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- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
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- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000001727 glucose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 10
- 229940037312 stearamide Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001797 sucrose acetate isobutyrate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- UVGUPMLLGBCFEJ-SWTLDUCYSA-N sucrose acetate isobutyrate Chemical compound CC(C)C(=O)O[C@H]1[C@H](OC(=O)C(C)C)[C@@H](COC(=O)C(C)C)O[C@@]1(COC(C)=O)O[C@@H]1[C@H](OC(=O)C(C)C)[C@@H](OC(=O)C(C)C)[C@H](OC(=O)C(C)C)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1 UVGUPMLLGBCFEJ-SWTLDUCYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000010983 sucrose acetate isobutyrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010338 boric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011083 sodium citrates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UPYKUZBSLRQECL-UKMVMLAPSA-N Lycopene Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1C(=C)CCCC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2C(=C)CCCC2(C)C UPYKUZBSLRQECL-UKMVMLAPSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JEVVKJMRZMXFBT-XWDZUXABSA-N Lycophyll Natural products OC/C(=C/CC/C(=C\C=C\C(=C/C=C/C(=C\C=C\C=C(/C=C/C=C(\C=C\C=C(/CC/C=C(/CO)\C)\C)/C)\C)/C)\C)/C)/C JEVVKJMRZMXFBT-XWDZUXABSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000012661 lycopene Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- OAIJSZIZWZSQBC-GYZMGTAESA-N lycopene Chemical compound CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)CCC=C(C)C OAIJSZIZWZSQBC-GYZMGTAESA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 4
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- ZCIHMQAPACOQHT-ZGMPDRQDSA-N trans-isorenieratene Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/c1c(C)ccc(C)c1C)C=CC=C(/C)C=Cc2c(C)ccc(C)c2C ZCIHMQAPACOQHT-ZGMPDRQDSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011341 Sideroxylon dulcificum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005266 Thaumatococcus daniellii Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007326 Thaumatococcus daniellii Species 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
Abstract
The invention provides a tomato cultivation method, belonging to the technical field of tomato cultivation; the tomato cultivation method comprises tomato seed pretreatment, germination accelerating and seedling raising, composite matrix preparation, seedling stage treatment, growth stage treatment and fruit stage treatment; the tomato seed pretreatment, soaking tomato seeds in deionized water at 40-44 ℃ for 13-17min, then reducing the soaking temperature to 28-32 ℃ at the speed of 0.4-0.6 ℃/min, adding salicylic acid, succinic anhydride and tween-20, soaking for 1.3-1.7h at 28-32 ℃, carrying out ultraviolet treatment after the soaking is finished, wherein the ultraviolet treatment time is 14-20min, the ultraviolet lamp wavelength is 457-483nm, and fishing out the tomato seeds after the ultraviolet treatment is finished to obtain the pretreated tomato seeds. The tomato cultivation method has the advantages of low deformity rate, good nutritive value and taste and long storage period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tomato cultivation, and particularly relates to a tomato cultivation method.
Background
The tomatoes are rich in nutrition, have special flavor, can be eaten raw or boiled, and can be processed into tomato sauce, juice or whole fruit for canning;
tomatoes are rich in nutrition and have a variety of functions called miracle fruits; tomato contains tomato essence, and has bacteria inhibiting effect; organic acids such as malic acid and citric acid, and has effects in increasing gastric acidity, promoting digestion, and regulating gastrointestinal function; tomato contains fruit acid, and can reduce cholesterol content.
However, due to the deterioration of planting environment and soil, the hormone level in the tomato plants can be directly influenced, so that the normal growth and development of the plants are influenced, the tomato deformity rate is high, the nutrition value and taste are poor, the tomatoes planted in the prior art are not easy to preserve, after the tomatoes are stored, the taste and the nutrition value of the tomatoes are rapidly reduced, and the eating requirements cannot be met;
therefore, the tomato cultivation method is provided, the deformity rate is reduced, the storage life of tomatoes is prolonged, and the taste and the nutritive value of the tomatoes are guaranteed, so that the technical problem to be solved in the prior art is urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems to be solved in the prior art, the invention provides a tomato cultivation method, which reduces the deformity rate, prolongs the storage life of tomatoes and ensures the taste and the nutritional value of tomatoes.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
1. pretreatment of tomato seeds
Soaking tomato seeds in deionized water at 40-44 ℃ for 13-17min, then reducing the temperature to 28-32 ℃ at the speed of 0.4-0.6 ℃/min, adding salicylic acid, succinic anhydride and tween-20, soaking for 1.3-1.7h at 28-32 ℃, carrying out ultraviolet treatment after the soaking is finished, wherein the ultraviolet treatment time is 14-20min, the wavelength of an ultraviolet lamp is 457-483nm, and fishing out the tomato seeds after the ultraviolet treatment is finished to obtain pretreated tomato seeds;
the mass ratio of the tomato seeds to the deionized water to the salicylic acid to the succinic anhydride to the tween-20 is 9-11:55-60:0.2-0.4:0.1-0.3:1.1-1.5.
2. Sprouting and seedling raising
Wrapping the pretreated tomato seeds with wet gauze with the moisture content of 37-39%, accelerating germination at 28-32deg.C, and culturing seedlings after the seeds are exposed to white to obtain tomato seedlings.
3. Preparation of composite matrices
(1) One-time modification
Soaking vermiculite powder in potassium permanganate solution for 1.1-1.3h at 33-37 ℃, calcining in a muffle furnace at 273-287 ℃ for 51-57min, and naturally returning to room temperature after calcining to obtain the once modified vermiculite powder;
the grain diameter of the vermiculite powder is 114-126nm, siO 2 The mass content is 38.4-38.6%, al 2 O 3 The mass content is 12.5-12.9%;
the mass concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is 32-36%;
the mass ratio of the vermiculite to the potassium permanganate solution is 1:3.4-3.8;
(2) Secondary modification
Mixing the primarily modified vermiculite powder with deionized water, adding gelatin, coconut oil, pentaerythritol and ethylene-based bis stearamide, uniformly stirring, performing low-temperature plasma treatment for 5.0-5.4min at 8.2-9.0 ℃ at 19-25kHz with a gap spacing of 4-6mm and a treatment power of 119-129W, and drying after the low-temperature plasma treatment is finished to obtain secondarily modified vermiculite powder;
the mass ratio of the vermiculite powder, deionized water, gelatin, coconut oil acid, pentaerythritol and ethylene-based bis stearamide after primary modification is 26-28:73-77:3.0-3.4:2.5-2.7:2.8-3.2:1.3-1.5;
(3) Composite material
Mixing the secondarily modified vermiculite powder with nano calcium carbonate, turf and straw, then placing in a closed container, vacuumizing to a vacuum degree of 0.08-0.12MPa, then raising the pressure to 0.83-0.85MPa, raising the temperature to 82-86 ℃, performing closed treatment for 23-27min, reducing the temperature to room temperature after the closed treatment is finished, adding potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid, ethylcellulose, chitosan and citric acid, uniformly stirring, placing in a temperature of minus 30-minus 26 ℃, performing freezing treatment for 32-36min, and raising the temperature to room temperature at a speed of 0.4-0.6 ℃ per min after the freezing treatment is finished to obtain a composite matrix;
the particle size of the nano calcium carbonate is 125-135nm;
the grain diameter of the straw is 134-146nm;
the mass ratio of the vermiculite powder, the nano calcium carbonate, the turf, the monopotassium phosphate, the boric acid, the ethyl cellulose, the chitosan and the citric acid after the secondary modification is 23-27:6-8:5-7:2.3-2.7:1.2-1.4:3.2-3.8:2.6-3.0:1.2-1.6.
3. Seedling stage treatment
Planting tomato seedlings in a composite matrix, controlling the plant spacing at 43-45cm and the row spacing at 41-43cm, spraying nutrient solution after planting, spraying 185-215g of each tomato seedling, and watering thoroughly to finish seedling stage treatment;
the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the steps of mixing deionized water, potassium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate, xanthan gum, glucose and sucrose acetate isobutyrate, then carrying out ultrasonic treatment, wherein the ultrasonic power is 335-345W, the ultrasonic frequency is 35-41kHz, and the nutrient solution is prepared after the ultrasonic treatment is finished;
the mass ratio of deionized water to potassium sulfate to monopotassium phosphate to xanthan gum to glucose to sucrose acetate isobutyrate is 62-66:1.1-1.3:0.9-1.1:2.0-2.6:1.6-2.0:1.3-1.5.
4. Growth phase treatment
When the first ear flowers of the tomatoes are opened, picking flowers and cores of the tomato plants, leaving 4 fruits per ear, then applying fertilizer, wherein the dosage of nitrogen fertilizer is 0.022-0.026kg/m calculated by pure nitrogen 2 The dosage of the phosphate fertilizer is P 2 O 5 Calculated as 0.025-0.035kg/m 2 The dosage of the potash fertilizer is K 2 O is 0.024-0.030kg/m 2 And finishing the processing of the growth period.
5. Fruit stage treatment
When the first spike of the tomatoes starts to expand, spraying treatment liquid to the tomatoes, wherein the spraying time is 9:00 am, the spraying amount is 1.0-1.2 kg/plant, and the fruit stage treatment is completed;
the treatment solution consists of deionized water, manganese sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, sodium citrate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, wherein the mass ratio of the ionized water to the manganese sulfate to the monoammonium phosphate to the sodium citrate to the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide is 70-74:0.2-0.4:6.8-7.2:3.4-3.6:2.5-2.7.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts a specific method to pretreat the tomato seeds, so that the development of the tomato seeds can be promoted, and adopts the specific method to prepare the composite matrix, so that a good growth environment is provided for the growth of the tomatoes, various nutritional ingredients can continuously and effectively act on the tomato plants, the growth of the tomato plants is promoted, the tomato plants are combined with specific seedling stage treatment and fruit stage treatment, the yield of the tomatoes is increased, the deformity rate is reduced, the single fruit weight of the tomatoes is improved, the taste and the nutritional value are ensured, and the shelf life is prolonged;
2. by adopting the tomato cultivation method, the tomato yield reaches 9103-9241 kg/mu, and the average single fruit weight is 362-369g;
3. by adopting the tomato cultivation method, the tomato fruit deformity rate is 1.8-2.3%;
4. by adopting the tomato cultivation method, the vitamin C content in tomatoes is 59.3-60.1mg/100g, the lycopene content is 193.2-195.4 mug/g, and the sugar acid ratio is 8.79-8.84;
standing at 3deg.C for 10d, wherein vitamin C content in tomato is 57.2-58.4mg/100g, lycopene content is 189.1-192.3 μg/g, and sugar acid ratio is 8.43-8.53.
Detailed Description
For a clearer understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described.
Example 1 tomato cultivation method
1. Pretreatment of tomato seeds
Soaking tomato seeds in deionized water at a temperature of 42 ℃ for 15min, then reducing the soaking time to 30 ℃ at a speed of 0.5 ℃/min, adding salicylic acid, succinic anhydride and tween-20, soaking for 1.5h at the temperature of 30 ℃, performing ultraviolet treatment after the soaking is finished, wherein the ultraviolet treatment time is 17min, the wavelength of an ultraviolet lamp is 470nm, and fishing out the tomato seeds after the ultraviolet treatment is finished to obtain pretreated tomato seeds;
the mass ratio of the tomato seeds to the deionized water to the salicylic acid to the succinic anhydride to the tween-20 is 10:57:0.3:0.2:1.3.
2. sprouting and seedling raising
Wrapping the pretreated tomato seeds with wet gauze with the water content of 38%, accelerating germination at 30deg.C, and culturing seedlings after exposing the seeds to white to obtain tomato seedlings.
3. Preparation of composite matrices
(1) One-time modification
Soaking vermiculite powder in potassium permanganate solution for 1.2h at 35 ℃, calcining in a muffle furnace at 280 ℃ for 54min after soaking, and naturally returning to room temperature after calcining to obtain the once modified vermiculite powder;
the grain diameter of the vermiculite powder is 120nm, and SiO 2 The mass content is 38.5%, al 2 O 3 The mass content is 12.7%;
the mass concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is 34%;
the mass ratio of the vermiculite to the potassium permanganate solution is 1:3.6;
(2) Secondary modification
Mixing the primarily modified vermiculite powder with deionized water, adding gelatin, coconut oil, pentaerythritol and ethylene-based bis stearamide, uniformly stirring, and then carrying out low-temperature plasma treatment for 5.2min at 8.6 ℃ with a treatment frequency of 22kHz, a treatment air gap spacing of 5mm and a treatment power of 124W, and drying to obtain secondarily modified vermiculite powder;
the mass ratio of the vermiculite powder, deionized water, gelatin, coconut oil acid, pentaerythritol and ethylene-based bis stearamide after primary modification is 27:75:3.2:2.6:3.0:1.4;
(3) Composite material
Mixing the secondarily modified vermiculite powder with nano calcium carbonate, turf and straw, then placing in a closed container, vacuumizing to a vacuum degree of 0.10MPa, then increasing the pressure to 0.84MPa, increasing the temperature to 84 ℃, performing closed treatment for 25min, reducing the temperature to room temperature after the closed treatment is finished, adding monopotassium phosphate, boric acid, ethylcellulose, chitosan and citric acid, uniformly stirring, placing in a temperature of minus 28 ℃ for freezing treatment, wherein the freezing time is 34min, and increasing the temperature to room temperature at 0.5 ℃/min after the freezing treatment is finished to obtain a composite matrix;
the particle size of the nano calcium carbonate is 130nm;
the grain diameter of the straw is 140nm;
the mass ratio of the secondarily modified vermiculite powder to the nano calcium carbonate to the turf to the potassium dihydrogen phosphate to the boric acid to the ethyl cellulose to the chitosan to the citric acid is 25:7:6:2.5:1.3:3.5:2.8:1.4.
3. Seedling stage treatment
Planting tomato seedlings in a composite matrix, controlling the plant spacing at 44cm and the row spacing at 42cm during tomato planting, spraying nutrient solution after planting, spraying 200g of each tomato seedling, and watering thoroughly to finish seedling stage treatment;
the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the steps of mixing deionized water, potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, xanthan gum, glucose and sucrose acetate isobutyrate, then carrying out ultrasonic treatment with ultrasonic power of 340W and ultrasonic frequency of 38kHz, and obtaining the nutrient solution after the ultrasonic treatment is finished;
the mass ratio of deionized water to potassium sulfate to monopotassium phosphate to xanthan gum to glucose to sucrose acetate isobutyrate is 64:1.2:1.0:2.3:1.8:1.4.
4. Growth phase treatment
When the first ear flowers of the tomatoes are opened, picking flowers and cores of the tomato plants, leaving 4 fruits per ear, then applying fertilizer, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer dosage is 0.024kg/m calculated by pure nitrogen 2 The dosage of the phosphate fertilizer is P 2 O 5 Calculated as 0.03kg/m 2 The dosage of the potash fertilizer is K 2 O meter of 0.027kg/m 2 And finishing the processing of the growth period.
5. Fruit stage treatment
When the first spike of the tomatoes starts to expand, spraying treatment liquid to the tomatoes, wherein the spraying time is 9:00 am, the spraying amount is 1.1 kg/plant, and the fruit stage treatment is completed;
the treatment solution consists of deionized water, manganese sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium citrate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, wherein the mass ratio of the ionized water to the manganese sulfate to the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate to the sodium citrate to the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide is 72:0.3:7:3.5:2.6.
Example 2 tomato cultivation method
1. Pretreatment of tomato seeds
Soaking tomato seeds in deionized water at 40 ℃ for 13min, then reducing the soaking temperature to 28 ℃ at the speed of 0.4 ℃/min, adding salicylic acid, succinic anhydride and tween-20, soaking for 1.7h at 28 ℃, performing ultraviolet treatment after the soaking is finished, wherein the ultraviolet treatment time is 14min, the wavelength of an ultraviolet lamp is 457nm, and fishing out the tomato seeds after the ultraviolet treatment is finished to obtain pretreated tomato seeds;
the mass ratio of the tomato seeds to the deionized water to the salicylic acid to the succinic anhydride to the tween-20 is 9:55:0.2:0.1:1.1.
2. sprouting and seedling raising
Wrapping the pretreated tomato seeds with wet gauze with the moisture content of 37%, accelerating germination at 28 ℃, and culturing seedlings after exposing the seeds to white to obtain tomato seedlings.
3. Preparation of composite matrices
(1) One-time modification
Soaking vermiculite powder in potassium permanganate solution for 1.1h at 33 ℃, calcining in a muffle furnace at 273 ℃ for 51min after the soaking, and naturally returning to room temperature after the calcining is finished to obtain the once modified vermiculite powder;
the particle size of the vermiculite powder is 114nm and SiO 2 The mass content is 38.4%, al 2 O 3 The mass content is 12.5%;
the mass concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is 32%;
the mass ratio of the vermiculite to the potassium permanganate solution is 1:3.4;
(2) Secondary modification
Mixing the primarily modified vermiculite powder with deionized water, adding gelatin, coconut oil, pentaerythritol and ethylene-based bis stearamide, uniformly stirring, and then carrying out low-temperature plasma treatment for 5.0min at the treatment temperature of 8.2 ℃ at the treatment frequency of 19kHz, wherein the gap spacing of the treatment air is 4mm, the treatment power is 119W, and drying after the low-temperature plasma treatment is finished to obtain secondarily modified vermiculite powder;
the mass ratio of the vermiculite powder, deionized water, gelatin, coconut oil acid, pentaerythritol and ethylene-based bis stearamide after primary modification is 26:73:3.0:2.5:2.8:1.3;
(3) Composite material
Mixing the secondarily modified vermiculite powder with nano calcium carbonate, turf and straw, then placing in a closed container, vacuumizing to the vacuum degree of 0.08MPa, then increasing the pressure to 0.83MPa, increasing the temperature to 86 ℃, performing closed treatment for 23min, reducing the temperature to room temperature after the closed treatment is finished, adding monopotassium phosphate, boric acid, ethylcellulose, chitosan and citric acid, uniformly stirring, placing in a temperature of minus 30 ℃ for freezing treatment, wherein the freezing time is 32min, and increasing the temperature to room temperature at 0.4 ℃/min after the freezing treatment is finished to obtain a composite matrix;
the particle size of the nano calcium carbonate is 125nm;
the grain diameter of the straw is 134nm;
the mass ratio of the vermiculite powder, the nano calcium carbonate, the turf, the monopotassium phosphate, the boric acid, the ethyl cellulose, the chitosan and the citric acid after the secondary modification is 23:6:5:2.3:1.2:3.2:2.6:1.2.
3. Seedling stage treatment
Planting tomato seedlings in a composite matrix, controlling the plant spacing at 43cm and the row spacing at 41cm during tomato planting, spraying nutrient solution after planting, spraying 185g of each tomato seedling, and watering thoroughly to finish seedling stage treatment;
the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the steps of mixing deionized water, potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, xanthan gum, glucose and sucrose acetate isobutyrate, then carrying out ultrasonic treatment with ultrasonic power of 335W and ultrasonic frequency of 35kHz, and obtaining the nutrient solution after the ultrasonic treatment is finished;
the mass ratio of deionized water to potassium sulfate to monopotassium phosphate to xanthan gum to glucose to sucrose acetate isobutyrate is 62:1.1:0.9:2.0:1.6:1.3.
4. Growth phase treatment
In tomato first stageWhen the ear flowers are opened, picking flowers and heart of tomato plants, leaving 4 fruits per ear, then applying fertilizer, wherein the dosage of nitrogen fertilizer is 0.022kg/m calculated by pure nitrogen 2 The dosage of the phosphate fertilizer is P 2 O 5 Calculated as 0.025kg/m 2 The dosage of the potash fertilizer is K 2 O meter of 0.024kg/m 2 And finishing the processing of the growth period.
5. Fruit stage treatment
When the first spike of the tomatoes starts to expand, spraying treatment liquid to the tomatoes, wherein the spraying time is 9:00 am, the spraying amount is 1.0 kg/plant, and the fruit stage treatment is completed;
the treatment solution consists of deionized water, manganese sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium citrate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, wherein the mass ratio of the ionized water to the manganese sulfate to the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate to the sodium citrate to the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide is 70:0.2:6.8:3.4:2.5.
Example 3 tomato cultivation method
1. Pretreatment of tomato seeds
Soaking tomato seeds in deionized water at a temperature of 44 ℃ for 17min, then reducing the soaking time to 32 ℃ at a speed of 0.6 ℃/min, adding salicylic acid, succinic anhydride and tween-20, soaking for 1.3h at a temperature of 28 ℃, performing ultraviolet treatment after the soaking is finished, wherein the ultraviolet treatment time is 20min, the wavelength of an ultraviolet lamp is 483nm, and fishing out the tomato seeds after the ultraviolet treatment is finished to obtain pretreated tomato seeds;
the mass ratio of tomato seeds, deionized water, salicylic acid, succinic anhydride and tween-20 is 11:60:0.4:0.3:1.5.
2. sprouting and seedling raising
Wrapping the pretreated tomato seeds with wet gauze with the water content of 39%, accelerating germination at 32 ℃, and raising seedlings after exposing the seeds to white to obtain tomato seedlings.
3. Preparation of composite matrices
(1) One-time modification
Soaking vermiculite powder in potassium permanganate solution for 1.3 hours at 37 ℃, calcining in a muffle furnace at 287 ℃ for 57min after the soaking, and naturally returning to room temperature after the calcining is finished to obtain the once modified vermiculite powder;
the grain diameter of the vermiculite powder is 126nm, and SiO 2 The mass content is 38.6%, al 2 O 3 The mass content is 12.9%;
the mass concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is 36%;
the mass ratio of the vermiculite to the potassium permanganate solution is 1:3.8;
(2) Secondary modification
Mixing the primarily modified vermiculite powder with deionized water, adding gelatin, coconut oil, pentaerythritol and ethylene-based bis stearamide, uniformly stirring, and then carrying out low-temperature plasma treatment for 5.4min at the treatment temperature of 9.0 ℃ at the treatment frequency of 25kHz, wherein the gap spacing of the treatment air is 6mm, the treatment power is 129W, and drying after the low-temperature plasma treatment is finished to obtain secondarily modified vermiculite powder;
the mass ratio of the vermiculite powder, deionized water, gelatin, coconut oil acid, pentaerythritol and ethylene-based bis stearamide after primary modification is 28:77:3.4:2.7:3.2:1.5;
(3) Composite material
Mixing the secondarily modified vermiculite powder with nano calcium carbonate, turf and straw, then placing in a closed container, vacuumizing to a vacuum degree of 0.12MPa, then increasing the pressure to 0.85MPa, increasing the temperature to 82 ℃, performing closed treatment for 27min, reducing the temperature to room temperature after the closed treatment is finished, adding monopotassium phosphate, boric acid, ethylcellulose, chitosan and citric acid, uniformly stirring, placing in a temperature of minus 26 ℃ for freezing treatment, wherein the freezing time is 36min, and increasing the temperature to room temperature at 0.6 ℃/min after the freezing treatment is finished to obtain a composite matrix;
the particle size of the nano calcium carbonate is 135nm;
the grain diameter of the straw is 146nm;
the mass ratio of the secondarily modified vermiculite powder to the nano calcium carbonate to the turf to the potassium dihydrogen phosphate to the boric acid to the ethyl cellulose to the chitosan to the citric acid is 27:8:7:2.7:1.4:3.8:3.0:1.6.
3. Seedling stage treatment
Planting tomato seedlings in a composite matrix, controlling the plant spacing at 45cm and the row spacing at 43cm during tomato planting, spraying nutrient solution after planting, spraying 215g of each tomato seedling, and watering thoroughly to finish seedling stage treatment;
the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the steps of mixing deionized water, potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, xanthan gum, glucose and sucrose acetate isobutyrate, then carrying out ultrasonic treatment with ultrasonic power of 345W and ultrasonic frequency of 41kHz, and obtaining the nutrient solution after the ultrasonic treatment is finished;
the mass ratio of deionized water to potassium sulfate to monopotassium phosphate to xanthan gum to glucose to sucrose acetate isobutyrate is 66:1.3:1.1:2.6:2.0:1.5.
4. Growth phase treatment
When the first ear flowers of the tomatoes are opened, picking flowers and cores of the tomato plants, leaving 4 fruits per ear, then applying fertilizer, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer dosage is 0.026kg/m calculated by pure nitrogen 2 The dosage of the phosphate fertilizer is P 2 O 5 Calculated as 0.035kg/m 2 The dosage of the potash fertilizer is K 2 O meter of 0.030kg/m 2 And finishing the processing of the growth period.
5. Fruit stage treatment
When the first spike of the tomatoes starts to expand, spraying treatment liquid to the tomatoes, wherein the spraying time is 9:00 am, the spraying amount is 1.2 kg/plant, and the fruit stage treatment is completed;
the treatment solution consists of deionized water, manganese sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium citrate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, wherein the mass ratio of the ionized water to the manganese sulfate to the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate to the sodium citrate to the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide is 74:0.4:7.2:3.6:2.7.
Comparative example 1
Based on the embodiment 1, the modification is that in the pretreatment step of tomato seeds, the tomato seeds are soaked in deionized water at 30 ℃ for 1.5 hours, after soaking, the tomato seeds are fished out to obtain pretreated tomato seeds, and the mass ratio of the tomato seeds to the deionized water is 10:57; the rest of the operations are the same.
Comparative example 2
On the basis of the embodiment 1, the modification step of vermiculite powder is omitted in the preparation of the composite matrix, the vermiculite powder which is not subjected to any treatment is mixed with nano calcium carbonate, turf and straw in the composite step to prepare the composite matrix, the mass ratio of the vermiculite powder to the nano calcium carbonate to the turf is 25:7:6, and the rest operations are the same.
Comparative example 3
The procedure was changed on the basis of example 1, except that the seedling stage treatment and fruit stage treatment steps were omitted, and the remaining operations were the same.
Test examples
Selecting a test place in the Weifang shou city of Shandong province, dividing the test place into 6 parts on average, then cultivating tomatoes according to the methods of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3 respectively, wherein tomato seeds are pink D-80, carrying out general production management on the rest cultivation methods (water, temperature and humidity and the like), and carrying out statistics after harvesting the tomatoes, wherein the results are as follows:
1. yield and deformity rate
2. Nutritional value and mouthfeel
20 tomatoes were taken out of 6 lands, and the vitamin C content, lycopene content and sugar acid ratio of the tomatoes were measured, respectively, and the average value was calculated as follows:
3. storage resistance
20 tomatoes are taken out of 6 blocks of land respectively, then placed in an environment with the temperature of 3 ℃ for standing for 10d, the vitamin C content, the lycopene content and the sugar acid ratio of the tomatoes are detected again respectively, and the average value is calculated, so that the following results are obtained:
the proportions described in the invention are mass proportions, and the percentages are mass percentages unless otherwise specified.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or that equivalents may be substituted for part of the technical features thereof; any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The tomato cultivation method is characterized by comprising the steps of tomato seed pretreatment, germination accelerating and seedling raising, composite matrix preparation, seedling stage treatment, growth stage treatment and fruit stage treatment;
the tomato seed pretreatment step comprises the steps of soaking tomato seeds in deionized water at 40-44 ℃ for 13-17min, then reducing the soaking temperature to 28-32 ℃ at the speed of 0.4-0.6 ℃/min, adding salicylic acid, succinic anhydride and tween-20, soaking at 28-32 ℃ for 1.3-1.7h, carrying out ultraviolet treatment after the soaking is finished, wherein the ultraviolet treatment time is 14-20min, the ultraviolet lamp wavelength is 457-483nm, and fishing out the tomato seeds after the ultraviolet treatment is finished to obtain pretreated tomato seeds;
the preparation of the composite matrix comprises the steps of primary modification, secondary modification and compounding;
the primary modification step comprises the steps of soaking vermiculite powder in potassium permanganate solution for 1.1-1.3h at the soaking temperature of 33-37 ℃, calcining in a muffle furnace at 273-287 ℃ for 51-57min after the soaking, and naturally recovering to room temperature after the calcining is finished to obtain primary modified vermiculite powder;
mixing the primarily modified vermiculite powder with deionized water, adding gelatin, coconut oil, pentaerythritol and ethylene-based bis stearamide, uniformly stirring, performing low-temperature plasma treatment for 5.0-5.4min at 8.2-9.0 ℃, at 19-25kHz, at a treatment air gap spacing of 4-6mm and at a treatment power of 119-129W, and drying after the low-temperature plasma treatment is finished to obtain secondarily modified vermiculite powder;
mixing the secondarily modified vermiculite powder with nano calcium carbonate, turf and straw, then placing in a closed container, vacuumizing to a vacuum degree of 0.08-0.12MPa, then raising the pressure to 0.83-0.85MPa, raising the temperature to 82-86 ℃, performing closed treatment for 23-27min, lowering the temperature to room temperature after the closed treatment is finished, adding potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid, ethylcellulose, chitosan and citric acid, uniformly stirring, then placing in a temperature of minus 30-minus 26 ℃ for freezing treatment for 32-36min, and raising the temperature to room temperature at a speed of 0.4-0.6 ℃/min after the freezing treatment is finished to obtain a composite matrix;
the seedling stage treatment comprises the steps of planting tomato seedlings in a composite matrix, controlling the plant spacing at 43-45cm and the row spacing at 41-43cm, spraying nutrient solution after planting, spraying 185-215g of each tomato seedling, and watering thoroughly to finish the seedling stage treatment;
the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the steps of mixing deionized water, potassium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate, xanthan gum, glucose and sucrose acetate isobutyrate, then carrying out ultrasonic treatment, wherein the ultrasonic power is 335-345W, the ultrasonic frequency is 35-41kHz, and the nutrient solution is prepared after the ultrasonic treatment is finished;
the fruit stage treatment step is that when the first spike of the tomato begins to expand, the tomato is sprayed with treatment liquid for 9:00 am, the spraying amount is 1.0-1.2 kg/plant, and the fruit stage treatment is completed;
the treatment solution consists of deionized water, manganese sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, sodium citrate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, wherein the mass ratio of the ionized water to the manganese sulfate to the monoammonium phosphate to the sodium citrate to the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide is 70-74:0.2-0.4:6.8-7.2:3.4-3.6:2.5-2.7.
2. A tomato cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
in the pretreatment step of the tomato seeds, the mass ratio of the tomato seeds, deionized water, salicylic acid, succinic anhydride and tween-20 is 9-11:55-60:0.2-0.4:0.1-0.3:1.1-1.5.
3. A tomato cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
the germination accelerating and seedling raising step is to wrap the pretreated tomato seeds with wet gauze with the moisture content of 37-39%, and then to put the wet gauze at 28-32 ℃ for germination accelerating, and to raise seedlings after the seeds are exposed to white, thus obtaining tomato seedlings.
4. A tomato cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
in the primary modification step, the vermiculite powder has the particle size of 114-126nm and SiO 2 The mass content is 38.4-38.6%, al 2 O 3 The mass content is 12.5-12.9%;
the mass concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is 32-36%;
the mass ratio of the vermiculite to the potassium permanganate solution is 1:3.4-3.8.
5. A tomato cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
in the secondary modification step, the mass ratio of the vermiculite powder, deionized water, gelatin, coconut oil acid, pentaerythritol and ethylene-based bis stearamide after primary modification is 26-28:73-77:3.0-3.4:2.5-2.7:2.8-3.2:1.3-1.5.
6. A tomato cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
in the compounding step, the particle size of the nano calcium carbonate is 125-135nm;
the grain diameter of the straw is 134-146nm;
the mass ratio of the vermiculite powder, the nano calcium carbonate, the turf, the monopotassium phosphate, the boric acid, the ethyl cellulose, the chitosan and the citric acid after the secondary modification is 23-27:6-8:5-7:2.3-2.7:1.2-1.4:3.2-3.8:2.6-3.0:1.2-1.6.
7. A tomato cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
in the preparation method of the nutrient solution, the mass ratio of deionized water, potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, xanthan gum, glucose and sucrose acetate isobutyrate is 62-66:1.1-1.3:0.9-1.1:2.0-2.6:1.6-2.0:1.3-1.5.
8. A tomato cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
the processing step in the growing period comprises picking flowers and picking cores of tomato plants when the first scions of tomatoes are opened, leaving 4 fruits per scion, then applying fertilizer, wherein the dosage of nitrogen fertilizer is 0.022-0.026kg/m calculated by pure nitrogen 2 The dosage of the phosphate fertilizer is P 2 O 5 Calculated as 0.025-0.035kg/m 2 The dosage of the potash fertilizer is K 2 O is 0.024-0.030kg/m 2 And finishing the processing of the growth period.
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