CN1173026A - 改性永磁铁原料粉末及其制备方法 - Google Patents

改性永磁铁原料粉末及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN1173026A
CN1173026A CN97114576A CN97114576A CN1173026A CN 1173026 A CN1173026 A CN 1173026A CN 97114576 A CN97114576 A CN 97114576A CN 97114576 A CN97114576 A CN 97114576A CN 1173026 A CN1173026 A CN 1173026A
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关根重信
佐藤广治
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    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
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Abstract

课题:提供既能进一步改善稀土类金属—铁系永磁铁的磁性特性又能降低成本的改性永磁铁原料粉末及其制备方法。解决手段:使含有铁和稀土金属的合金粉末与针状铁粉的混合粉末在真空中或非氧化性气体中焙烧后粉碎。含有铁和稀土类金属的合金粉末还可以进一步含有硼、钛及其它金属成分。

Description

改性永磁铁原料粉末及其制备方法
发明所属技术领域
本发明涉及磁性特性优异的改性永磁铁原料粉末及其制备方法。
先有技术
含有铁和稀土类金属的永磁铁、尤其稀土类金属-铁-硼系永磁铁，作为有优异磁性特性的磁铁，受到人们喜爱。特公昭61-34242号公报公开了Fe-B-Nd成分组成的磁性各向异性烧结磁铁，但制造时必须先制造含有上述成分的铸造合金，然后将铸造合金粉碎成粉末后成型烧结，因而需要使铸造合金块粉末化这方面的费用。
本发明要解决的课题
本发明的目的是提供既能进一步提高稀土类金属-铁系永磁铁的磁性特性、又能降低成本的改性永磁铁原料粉末及其制备方法。
用来解决课题的手段
本发明所涉及的改性永磁铁原料粉末，其特征在于含有铁和稀土类金属的合金粉末与针状铁粉的混合粉末在真空中或非氧化性气体中焙烧后粉碎而成的粉末。此外，这种改性永磁铁原料粉末的制备方法，其特征在于使含有铁和稀土类金属的合金粉末与针状铁粉混合，在真空中或非氧化性气体中焙烧后粉碎。
本发明中使用的、含有铁和稀土类金属的合金粉末，只要在制成烧结磁铁或粘结磁铁时能显示强磁性即可，可以使用有已知组成的磁性合金粉末。作为稀土类金属(简称RE)，常用钕(Nd)或镨(Pr)等。作为这样的合金，有Fe·RE系、Fe·RE·B系、Fe·RE·B·C系等，此外，还已知含有从Ti，V，Cr，Mn，Ni，Zr，Nb，Mo，Hf，Ta，W，Pd，Ag，Pt，Au，Al，Cu，Ga，In，Sn，Sb，Pb，Bi，Zn，P，Si，Ge，S中选择的至少一种的合金。这样的磁性合金粉末，只要是能制成有所希望组成的合金并进行机械粉碎或氢崩解粉碎成粉末即可，但也可以使用市售品。在任何一种情况下，都是通过与针状铁粉混合、焙烧、粉碎来提高磁性特性的。合金粉末的平均粒径较好的是微米(μm)级的。
针状铁粉是通过使FeOOH(α-针铁矿)在氢气氛围下在300～500℃加热进行氢还原得到的。较好的是长度在10μm以下、宽在其1/10左右的粉末。针状铁粉制备时也可以同时含有Co成分。
含有铁和稀土类金属的合金粉末与针状铁粉的混合比率，较好的是在混合粉末中含有铁和稀土类金属的合金粉末为90～10％(重量)，针状铁粉为10-90％(重量)，特别是在含有铁和稀土金属的合金粉末为90～50％(重量)、针状铁粉为10～50％(重量)的情况下，其综合效果使磁性特性的提高更为显著。(参照表2和附图)。
混合粉末的焙烧，为避免氧化，是在真空中或非氧化性气体中进行的。混合粉末的焙烧温度较好在900℃～1200℃的范围。焙烧后粉碎，这种粉碎也是在不存在氧的气氛下，即在真空中或非氧化性气体中，或在惰性溶剂中进行的。
发明的实施形态
以下用实施例具体说明本发明，但本发明不限于下列实施例。
实施例1和比较例1
表1所示组成的磁性合金粉末(平均粒径1μm以下)A、B、C、D、E分别与长0.2μm、宽0.02μm的针状铁粉混合，制作成混合粉末中针状铁粉为10、20、30、40、50、70、90％(重量)的混合粉末，在真空(10-6Torr)中在1000℃焙烧，然后粉碎，制成原料粉末。这些原料粉末(实施例)、磁性合金粉末A、B、C、D、E单品(比较例)和针状铁粉单品(比较例)在10KOe的磁场中以3t/cm2的压力成形，在真空中1000℃保持1小时烧结后，进行时效处理(ageing)，得到永磁铁。测定这些永磁铁的最大能量积BHmax、残留磁通密度Br和矫顽磁力iHc，结果如表2和图1～5所示(□：Br；△：iHc；○：BHmax)。
                             表1
                   磁性合金粉末組成(重量％)
      A      B     C       D       E
 FeNdPrB     52.028.04.01.0     84.38.70.7    37.020.0     37.020.0     78.6518.00.25
 CuSiTiNbVCrMnCoNi 15.0      0.10.35.80.1 2.041.0      1.01.04.037.0      0.21.50.250.50.250.20.2
 合计    100.0    100.0   100.0    100.0    100.0
                               表2
 针状Fe混合率重量％ 特性                         磁性合金粉末
       A       B        C        D       E
    0比较例 Br     (KG)iHc    (KOe)BHmax  (MGOe)     12.019.1340     10.358.7335      13.7710.5145     13.7510.5245      7.456.5725
   10实施例 Br     (KG)iHc    (K0e)BHmax  (MGOe)     17.7710.1360     12.9813.8760      13.8715.1560     15.2617.2075     13.939.3745
   20实施例 Br     (KG)iHc    (KOe)BHmax  (MGOe)     17.9011.0263     12.0912.6551      13.9715.1363     15.2617.2175     13.629.3543
   30实施例 Br     (KG)iHc    (KOe)BHmax  (MGOe)     17.7910.9861     12.3912.8353      15.5016.2672     16.3018.2685     13.219.8341
    40实施例 Br     (KG)iHc    (KOe)BHmax  (MGOe)     18.0011.0563     10.7510.7640     13.2414.5455     15.3117.1475     12.987.3940
    50实施例 Br     (KG)iHc    (KOe)BHmax  (MGOe)     18.4711.5465     11.8611.0045     11.8014.8350     11.3415.4350     12.407.1535
    70实施例 Br     (KG)iHc    (KOe)BHmax  (MGOe)     16.199.2750     11.1010.8140     11.0814.2245     10.4015.1345     12.147.1232
    90实施例 Br     (KG)iHc    (K0e)BHmax  (MGOe)     14.778.1340     10.9110.7239     10.1013.8640     9.8114.6540     11.467.0630
   100比较例 Br     (KG)iHc    (kOe)BHmax  (MGOe)                                      14.401.659.5
从表2和图1～5可以看出，与用磁性合金粉末A、B、C、D、E单品(比较例)和针状铁粉单品(比较例)得到的烧结磁铁相比，用磁性合金粉末A、B、C、D、E与针状铁粉的混合粉末焙烧后粉碎的本发明改性永磁铁原料粉末烧结得到的磁铁显示出优异的磁性特性。
发明效果
与只用含有铁和稀土类金属的合金粉末的情况相比，得到了磁性特性进一步改善的改性永磁铁原料粉末。此外，由于减少了含有昂贵稀土类金属的合金粉末用量，因而可以降低成本。
附图简单说明
图1
表示从磁性合金粉末A与针状铁粉混合、焙烧的粉末成形、烧结得到的磁铁的磁性特性图。
图2
表示从磁性合金粉末B与针状铁粉混合、焙烧的粉末成形、烧结得到的磁铁的磁性特性图。
图3
表示从磁性合金粉末C与针状铁粉混合、焙烧的粉末成形、烧结得到的磁铁的磁性特性图。
图4
表示从磁性合金粉末D与针状铁粉混合、焙烧的粉末成形、烧结得到的磁铁的磁性特性图。
图5
表示从磁性合金粉末E与针状铁粉混合、焙烧的粉末成形、烧结得到的磁铁的磁性特性图。

Claims (9)

1、改性永磁铁原料粉末，其特征在于这种原料粉末是含有铁和稀土类金属的合金粉末与针状铁粉的混合粉末在真空中或非氧化性气体中焙烧后粉碎而成的粉末。
2、权利要求1所述的改性永磁铁原料粉末，其中含有铁和稀土类金属的合金粉末进一步含有硼。
3、权利要求1所述的改性永磁铁原料粉末，其中含有铁和稀土类金属的合金粉末进一步含有钛。
4、权利要求1、2或3所述的改性永磁铁原料粉末，其中针状铁粉是通过使FeOOH(α-针铁矿)针状结晶在含氢气体中加热还原得到的。
5、权利要求1、2、3或4所述的改性永磁铁原料粉末，其中含有铁和稀土类金属的合金粉末与针状铁粉的混合比率是含有铁和稀土类金属的合金粉末为90～10％(重量)，针状铁粉为10-90％(重量)。
6、改性永磁铁原料粉末的制备方法，其特征在于使含有铁和稀土类金属的合金粉末与针状铁粉混合、在真空中或非氧化性气体中焙烧后粉碎。
7、权利要求6所述的改性永磁铁原料粉末的制备方法，其中含有铁和稀土金属的合金粉末与针状铁粉的混合粉末的焙烧温度在900℃～1200℃的范围内。
8、权利要求6或7所述的改性永磁铁原料粉末的制备方法，其中针状铁粉是通过使FeOOH(α-针铁矿)针状结晶在含氢气体中加热还原得到的。
9、权利要求6、7或8所述的改性永磁铁原料粉末的制备方法，其中含有铁和稀土类金属的合金粉末与针状铁粉的混合比率是含有铁和稀土类金属的合金粉末为90～10％(重量)，针状铁粉为10-90％(重量)。
CN97114576A 1996-07-17 1997-07-14 改性永磁铁原料粉末及其制备方法 Pending CN1173026A (zh)

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CN103977886A (zh) * 2014-04-14 2014-08-13 霍州煤电集团有限责任公司 选煤用磁铁矿粉磁性的强化方法

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JP3974315B2 (ja) * 2000-07-25 2007-09-12 三菱電機株式会社 交流発電機

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CN103977886A (zh) * 2014-04-14 2014-08-13 霍州煤电集团有限责任公司 选煤用磁铁矿粉磁性的强化方法
CN103977886B (zh) * 2014-04-14 2016-08-17 霍州煤电集团有限责任公司 选煤用磁铁矿粉磁性的强化方法

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