CN117279673A - 降解时间可控的栓塞水凝胶及其制备方法 - Google Patents
降解时间可控的栓塞水凝胶及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117279673A CN117279673A CN202280030578.4A CN202280030578A CN117279673A CN 117279673 A CN117279673 A CN 117279673A CN 202280030578 A CN202280030578 A CN 202280030578A CN 117279673 A CN117279673 A CN 117279673A
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- acetate
- washing
- microparticles
- embolic composition
- hydrogel
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种在血管内降解时间可精确控制的无定形或球形栓塞水凝胶;及其制备方法。
Description
技术领域
本申请要求于2021年4月28日提交的韩国专利申请第2021-0055086号的优先权,其公开内容通过引用整体并入本文。
本发明涉及一种降解时间可调的栓塞水凝胶及其制备方法。更具体地,本发明涉及一种在血管内降解时间可精确调节的无定形或球形栓塞水凝胶及其制备方法。
背景技术
成像诊断的快速发展使得能够精确定位癌症的位置和向癌症供应血液的血管。这使得能够精确地实施各种癌症治疗,例如放射、手术切除和栓塞术(embolization)。
栓塞术是通过闭塞向肿瘤供应血液的血管而导致肿瘤坏死的治疗方法。经导管动脉化学栓塞术(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE)是治疗肝癌最常用的方法。TACE结合了向肿瘤供应血液的动脉的物理栓塞和通过动脉注射抗癌药物的化学治疗。
栓塞术已用于治疗多种其他适应症,例如子宫肌瘤、前列腺癌、肺癌和肾癌。近年来,有报道称栓塞术也可用于治疗关节炎和肩周炎(frozen shoulder)。
血管的永久性栓塞会降低其有效性,因为原来的血管无法重开,而是会产生新的血管。为了治疗关节炎、肩周炎等,优选对向引起疼痛的神经供给营养的血管进行短期栓塞。这是因为仅使发炎部位的神经细胞必须坏死,而对其他肌肉的影响最小化。
常规抗癌栓子(embolus)的降解时间太长,以天或周为测量单位,而且时间调节不精确。为了治疗关节炎、肩周炎等,需要一种时间可更精确调节的栓塞剂。常规栓塞产品包括作为无定形栓塞产品的Gelpart、Cali-Gel和EmboCube,以及作为球形栓塞产品的Embosphere、Embozene和Bead Block。每种常规栓塞产品都具有较长的降解时间,并且其降解时间无法精确调节。同时,存在可生物降解的栓子,然而,它是无定形的并且降解时间为两周以上,因此可生物降解的栓子不适用于关节炎或肩周炎。
专利文献1是本发明申请人的专利,其涉及可用作载药栓塞水凝胶微粒的微粒及其制备方法。专利文献1能够调节抗癌栓塞剂在体内给药时的降解时间,但是与常规栓塞剂一样,降解时间以天为单位,因此专利文献1并未提出能够针对关节炎或肩周炎等进行短时间调节的技术。
专利文献2涉及无孔实心球(non-porous solid sphere)形式的具有特定体积溶胀率的明胶颗粒、通过将生物活性物质溶解并保持在明胶颗粒中而制成的明胶颗粒、以及用于将溶解并浸渍有生物活性物质的明胶颗粒与生理盐水一起分散在注射器中的装置。专利文献2与专利文献1一样,降解时间以天为单位,并未提出能够针对关节炎或肩周炎等进行短时间调节的技术。
(专利文献)
韩国专利申请公开第2020-0066574号(“专利文献1”)
日本专利申请公开第2014-58466号(“专利文献2”)
发明内容
技术问题
本发明的目的是提供一种降解时间可调的栓塞水凝胶及其制备方法,该栓塞水凝胶可用于降解时间可精确调节的栓塞剂,这是常规栓塞剂所不能提供的。本发明的另一个目的是提供一种降解时间可调的栓塞水凝胶及其制备方法,该栓塞水凝胶可用于栓塞剂,其降解时间可精确调节并且降解时间非常短,用于关节炎或肩周炎等。
本发明的又一个目的是提供一种具有各种类型的用于治疗的适当降解时间而无需使用交联剂的栓塞水凝胶及其制备方法。
技术方案
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种栓塞组合物,其包含在不使用交联剂的情况下制备的水凝胶微粒。本发明的水凝胶微粒的体内降解时间通过热处理和/或洗涤来调节。洗涤可以使用δP极性值为14以上的溶剂进行。
特别是,本发明的栓塞组合物可用于关节的栓塞。
本发明的水凝胶微粒可以被配置成使得可以通过热变性产生颗粒。作为非限制性实例,水凝胶微粒可以包含选自由明胶、胶原蛋白、树胶、松香、透明质酸、肝素、葡聚糖、海藻酸、白蛋白、壳聚糖、聚乙交酯、聚丙交酯、聚羟基戊酸酯和丝素蛋白组成的生物相容性聚合物组中的至少一种。
水凝胶微粒可以是包含有机溶剂的乳液型微粒,并且有机溶剂可以是选自由乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丁酯、乙酸己酯、甲酸乙酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、1,3-二氧杂环戊烷-2-酮(1,3-dioxolidin-2-one)、乙酸丁酸纤维素、中链甘油三酯(MCT)油、植物油、蜡和浸泡油(infused oil)组成的组中的至少一种。另外,乳液可以不包含单独的乳化剂。
本发明的栓塞组合物可以进一步包含附加药物,并且作为非限制性实例,可以添加局部麻醉剂、抗生素和造影剂中的至少一种。
在另一方面,本发明提供了一种通过步骤(a)或步骤(b)制备的水凝胶微粒的制备方法:
(a)
1)制备生物相容性聚合物的水溶液;
2)将有机溶剂添加到步骤1)的生物相容性聚合物的水溶液中以便进行乳化以形成微米级颗粒;
3)对步骤2)中制备的微米级颗粒进行洗涤和干燥以获得微米级微粒;
4)对步骤3)的微米级微粒进行热固化;以及
5)对步骤4)中获得的微米级微粒进行洗涤、脱水和干燥;或
(b)
1)制备生物相容性聚合物的水溶液;
2)对步骤1)的生物相容性聚合物的水溶液进行搅拌和/或低温固化以形成泡沫,并对所述泡沫进行冷冻干燥;
3)对步骤2)的泡沫材料(foamy material)进行热固化以获得微米级微粒;
4)对步骤3)中获得的微米级微粒进行洗涤和冷冻干燥;以及
5)对步骤4)中获得的泡沫材料进行粉碎以获得微米级微粒。
生物相容性聚合物可以是选自由明胶、胶原蛋白、树胶、松香、透明质酸、肝素、葡聚糖、海藻酸、白蛋白、壳聚糖、聚乙交酯、聚丙交酯、聚羟基戊酸酯和丝素蛋白组成的组中的至少一种,并且有机溶剂可以是选自由乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丁酯、乙酸己酯、甲酸乙酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、1,3-二氧杂环戊烷-2-酮、乙酸丁酸纤维素、中链甘油三酯(MCT)油、植物油、蜡和浸泡油组成的组中的至少一种。
另外,可以在(a)的步骤2)和(a)的步骤3)之间添加在室温或更低温度下对步骤2)中制备的微米级颗粒进行冷固化。
另外,可以在(a)的步骤4)和(a)的步骤5)之间或在(a)的步骤5)之后进一步添加对微米级微粒进行粉碎并对粉碎的微粒进行筛分以便按粒径划分,或
可以在(b)的步骤5)之后进一步添加对微米级微粒进行筛分以便按粒径划分。
作为非限制性实例,粒径可分为75μm至小于150μm、150μm至小于350μm、350μm至小于560μm、560μm至小于710μm、710μm至小于1000μm、1000μm至小于1400μm以及1400μm至小于2000μm。
热固化可以在100℃至200℃下进行10分钟至24小时,并且洗涤可以在高于0℃至40℃以下的温度下进行。洗涤可以使用δP极性值为14以上的溶剂进行。
本发明的水凝胶微粒的体内降解速率可以通过热处理和/或洗涤按小时和分钟进行调节。
另外,本发明提供了使用该制备方法制备的水凝胶微粒以及包含该微粒的栓塞组合物。
另外,本发明可以提供上述解决手段的所有可能的组合。
有益效果
从上述描述中显而易见的是,本发明能够提供一种降解时间可调的栓塞水凝胶微粒及其制备方法,该栓塞水凝胶微粒可用于降解时间可精确调节的栓塞剂,这是常规栓塞剂所不能提供的。
(1)本发明的水凝胶微粒的生物降解时间可以调节为短至30分钟,长至30天以上。
(2)本发明的水凝胶微粒的生物降解时间可以以约10分钟为单位进行调节。
(3)本发明的水凝胶微粒由生物相容性聚合物制成并且具有优异的生物安全性。
(4)包含本发明的水凝胶微粒的栓塞剂仅由生物相容性聚合物组成,并且不使用任何化学交联剂或添加剂,因此栓塞剂非常安全。
(5)包含本发明的水凝胶微粒的栓塞剂可用作降解时间非常短的栓塞剂,用于关节炎、肩周炎等。
附图说明
图1是本发明的实施例1的球形水凝胶微粒的显微照片。显微照片下方显示比例尺,其中刻度的总长度为500μm。
图2是本发明的实施例1的球形水凝胶微粒在水中溶胀的160倍显微照片。显微照片右侧下方显示比例尺,其中白色条的总长度为250μm。
图3显示本发明的实施例1的球形水凝胶微粒的粒径分布的测量结果。
图4显示实施例1和比较例1的溶出(elution)试验结果。
图5显示实施例1和比较例1的细胞毒性试验结果。
图6显示使用实施例2至5调节降解时间的结果。
图7是本发明的实施例13的无定形水凝胶微粒的显微照片。显微照片下方显示比例尺,其中刻度的总长度为300μm。
图8是本发明的实施例13的无定形水凝胶微粒在水中溶胀的160倍显微照片。显微照片右侧下方显示比例尺,其中白色条的总长度为250μm。
具体实施方式
在本申请中,应当理解,当在本说明书中使用时,术语“包括”、“具有”、“包含”等指定所述特征、数字、步骤、操作、元件、部件或其组合的存在,但不排除一个或多个其他特征、数字、步骤、操作、元件、部件或其组合的存在或添加。
将理解到,当一个部件被称为“连接至”或“耦合至”另一部件时,该部件可以直接连接至或耦合至另一部件,或者可以存在中间部件。相反,当一个部件被称为“直接连接至”或“直接耦合至”另一部件时,不存在中间部件。描述部件之间的关系的其他术语,例如“在…之间”和“直接在…之间”或者“与…相邻”和“直接与…相邻”必须以相同的方式解释。
另外,除非另有定义,否则本说明书中使用的包括技术和科学术语在内的所有术语具有与本发明所属领域的普通技术人员通常理解的含义相同的含义。将进一步理解到,诸如在常用词典中定义的那些术语应当解释为具有与其在相关技术和本公开的上下文中的含义一致的含义,并且不应以理想化或过度形式的意义解释,除非本文明确如此定义。
<实施例1:球形水凝胶微粒的制备>
1)将20g明胶完全溶解在100ml 50℃蒸馏水中。
2)在450rpm的搅拌条件下将步骤1)中获得的明胶溶液缓慢注入400ml中链甘油三酯(MCT)油中以制备乳液。
3)将步骤2)中制备的乳液在4℃下固化30分钟,去除上清液,用丙酮洗涤乳液,并在真空下干燥乳液。
4)将步骤3)中获得的球形微粒在150℃下热处理4小时。
5)将步骤4)中热处理的微粒用蒸馏水洗涤,用丙酮洗涤,并在真空下干燥以获得最终的球形水凝胶微粒。
实施例1的洗涤方法
洗涤方法受微球与洗涤溶液的比例、洗涤强度和洗涤时间的影响。
将50g实施例1的微球与1.5L15℃蒸馏水混合,并以200rpm搅拌30分钟以洗涤微球。30分钟后,溶胀的微球完全沉淀,去除上清液,添加1.5L 15℃蒸馏水,再次以200rpm搅拌30分钟以洗涤微球。进行洗涤过程直至上清液完全透明。在实施例1的情况下,总共进行3次洗涤。
在以下其他实施例或比较例中,洗涤以与上述相同的方式进行。
检查洗涤溶液,发现微球在δP极性值为14以上的溶剂中溶胀。
溶剂 | δP极性 | 可洗涤 |
丙酮 | 10.4 | X |
乙醇 | 8.8 | X |
二甲基甲酰胺 | 13.7 | X |
二甲基亚砜 | 16.4 | O |
水 | 15.1 | O |
<比较例1>与实施例1相同,不同之处在于不进行实施例1的制备步骤中的最后步骤5)。
<实施例2至5:球形水凝胶微粒的制备>
将实施例1的步骤4)中的热处理温度和时间分别改为120℃和3小时。热处理后,将微粒分成四份,分别在4℃(实施例2)、10℃(实施例3)、20℃(实施例4)和27℃(实施例5)的蒸馏水中洗涤。蒸馏水洗涤后,用丙酮洗涤微粒并在真空下干燥以获得最终的球形水凝胶微粒。
<实施例6至12:球形水凝胶微粒的制备>
如下表4所示改变实施例1的步骤4)中的热处理温度和时间。
<实施例13:无定形水凝胶微粒的制备>
1)将10g明胶完全溶解在100ml 50℃蒸馏水中。
2)将步骤1)中获得的明胶溶液以14000rpm搅拌30分钟以形成足够的泡沫,在-50℃环境中固化2小时,并冷冻干燥。
3)将步骤2)中冷冻干燥后获得的海绵状明胶在150℃下热处理5小时。
4)将步骤3)中热处理的海绵状明胶用蒸馏水洗涤,在-50℃环境中固化2小时,并再次冷冻干燥。
5)对步骤4)中冷冻干燥后获得的海绵进行粉碎,以获得最终的无定形海绵颗粒。
<实验1:显微镜观察>
使用显微镜观察根据实施例1制备的球形水凝胶微粒和根据实施例13制备的无定形水凝胶微粒(分别参见图1和7)。
另外,将根据实施例1制备的球形水凝胶微粒和根据实施例13制备的无定形水凝胶微粒浸入蒸馏水中20分钟以溶胀,并使用显微镜观察(分别参见图2和8)。
从图1和2可以看出,根据实施例1制备的水凝胶微粒在溶胀前后都具有球形形状。
从图7和8可以看出,根据实施例13制备的无定形水凝胶微粒在溶胀前后都是无定形的。
<实验2:粒径分布的测量>
使用粒径分析仪测量根据实施例1制备的球形水凝胶微粒的粒径分布。
图3显示本发明的实施例1的球形水凝胶微粒的粒径分布的测量结果。x轴是以μm为单位的粒径,y轴是粒径所占的体积(%)。
可以看出,本发明的实施例1的球形水凝胶微粒具有非常窄的颗粒分布程度,平均尺寸为约300μm。另外,该粒径分布是用于栓塞的理想尺寸。
<实验3:溶出试验>
观察实施例1和比较例1的溶出物。
溶出试验通过将30ml 1x PBS溶液添加到2g微粒中以使微粒充分溶胀并将其在37℃振荡水浴中溶出24小时来进行。
图4显示实施例1和比较例1的溶出试验结果。在图4中,左侧是比较例1的结果,右侧是实施例1的结果。可以看出,比较例1与实施例1相比具有更多的溶出物。
<实验4:毒性试验>
对实施例1和比较例1分别进行细胞毒性试验(ISO10993-5)、内毒素试验(ISO10993-11)和热源试验(ISO10993-11)。
表1和图5显示细胞毒性试验结果,表2显示内毒素试验结果,表3显示热源试验结果。阴性对照、阳性对照和空白均基于上述ISO标准。
在下表1中,要求细胞存活率为80%以上才算合格;在表2中,要求内毒素值为20EU/装置(device)以上才算合格;在表3中,如果产生0.5℃以上的发热,则不合格。
在所有三项毒性试验中,比较例1为不合格(Fail),实施例1为合格(Pass)。
[表1]
[表2]
[表3]
<实验5:观察基于洗涤温度的降解时间>将实施例2至5的微粒过筛,仅收集尺寸为100至300μm的微粒,将其引入1x磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)中,并在与人体温度相似的37℃恒温水浴中观察降解时间。降解时间的结果示于图6中。从实施例2至5可以看出,在本发明的制备方法中,可以通过仅改变最后的蒸馏水洗涤步骤的温度,以约10分钟的间隔调节降解时间。还可以看出,本发明的所有微粒可以在1小时的非常相对较短的时间内降解。
<实验6:观察基于热处理温度的降解时间>
将实施例6至12的微粒过筛,仅收集尺寸为100至300μm的微粒,将其引入1x磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)中,并在与人体温度相似的37℃恒温水浴中观察降解时间。降解时间的结果示于表4中。实验5表明,在相同的热处理后,可以通过改变洗涤温度来精细地调节降解时间。实验6清楚地表明,可以通过改变热处理温度和热处理时间来调节微粒的大单位的降解时间。
[表4]
热处理温度 | 热处理时间 | 降解时间 | |
实施例6 | 110℃ | 24小时 | 5分钟 |
实施例7 | 120℃ | 3小时 | 1小时 |
实施例8 | 130℃ | 3小时 | 24小时 |
实施例9 | 140℃ | 1小时 | 4小时 |
实施例10 | 140℃ | 2小时 | 40小时 |
实施例11 | 150℃ | 4小时 | 40天 |
实施例12 | 200℃ | 10分钟 | 7天 |
从实验5和6可以看出,在设计微粒的降解时间时,可以通过首先调节热处理温度和时间来设定大单位(天或小时)的降解时间,然后通过调节洗涤温度来调节以分钟为单位的时间。
Claims (19)
1.一种栓塞组合物,其包含在不使用交联剂的情况下制备的水凝胶微粒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的栓塞组合物,其中,所述水凝胶微粒被配置成使得能够通过热变性产生颗粒。
3.根据权利要求1所述的栓塞组合物,其中,所述水凝胶微粒包含选自由明胶、胶原蛋白、树胶、松香、透明质酸、肝素、葡聚糖、海藻酸、白蛋白、壳聚糖、聚乙交酯、聚丙交酯、聚羟基戊酸酯和丝素蛋白组成的生物相容性聚合物组中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的栓塞组合物,其中,所述水凝胶微粒的体内降解时间通过热处理和/或洗涤来调节。
5.根据权利要求4所述的栓塞组合物,其中,所述洗涤使用δP极性值为14以上的溶剂进行。
6.根据权利要求1所述的栓塞组合物,其中,所述水凝胶微粒是包含有机溶剂的乳液型微粒。
7.根据权利要求6所述的栓塞组合物,其中,所述有机溶剂是选自由乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丁酯、乙酸己酯、甲酸乙酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、1,3-二氧杂环戊烷-2-酮、乙酸丁酸纤维素、中链甘油三酯(MCT)油、植物油、蜡和浸泡油组成的组中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求6所述的栓塞组合物,其中,所述乳液不包含单独的乳化剂。
9.根据权利要求1所述的栓塞组合物,其中,添加局部麻醉剂、抗生素和造影剂中的至少一种。
10.一种通过步骤(a)或步骤(b)制备的水凝胶微粒的制备方法:
(a)
1)制备生物相容性聚合物的水溶液;
2)将有机溶剂添加到步骤1)的生物相容性聚合物的水溶液中以便进行乳化以形成微米级颗粒;
3)对步骤2)中制备的微米级颗粒进行洗涤和干燥以获得微米级微粒;
4)对步骤3)的微米级微粒进行热固化;以及
5)对步骤4)中获得的微米级微粒进行洗涤、脱水和干燥;或
(b)
1)制备生物相容性聚合物的水溶液;
2)对步骤1)的生物相容性聚合物的水溶液进行搅拌和/或低温固化以形成泡沫,并对所述泡沫进行冷冻干燥;
3)对步骤2)的泡沫材料进行热固化以获得微米级微粒;
4)对步骤3)中获得的微米级微粒进行洗涤和冷冻干燥;以及
5)对步骤4)中获得的泡沫材料进行粉碎以获得微米级微粒。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,所述生物相容性聚合物是选自由明胶、胶原蛋白、树胶、松香、透明质酸、肝素、葡聚糖、海藻酸、白蛋白、壳聚糖、聚乙交酯、聚丙交酯、聚羟基戊酸酯和丝素蛋白组成的组中的至少一种。
12.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,所述有机溶剂是选自由乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丁酯、乙酸己酯、甲酸乙酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、1,3-二氧杂环戊烷-2-酮、乙酸丁酸纤维素、中链甘油三酯(MCT)油、植物油、蜡和浸泡油组成的组中的至少一种。
13.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,在(a)的步骤2)和(a)的步骤3)之间添加在室温或更低温度下对步骤2)中制备的微米级颗粒进行冷固化的步骤。
14.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,
在(a)的步骤4)和(a)的步骤5)之间或在(a)的步骤5)之后进一步添加对微米级微粒进行粉碎并对粉碎的微粒进行筛分以便按粒径划分的步骤,或
在(b)的步骤5)之后进一步添加对微米级微粒进行筛分以便按粒径划分的步骤。
15.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,所述热固化在100℃至200℃下进行10分钟至24小时。
16.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,所述洗涤在高于0℃至40℃以下的温度下进行。
17.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,所述洗涤使用δP极性值为14以上的溶剂进行。
18.使用权利要求10至17中任一项所述的方法制备的水凝胶微粒。
19.一种栓塞组合物,其包含权利要求18所述的水凝胶微粒。
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