CN117247878A - 一株Bacillus amyloliquefaciensN7及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一株Bacillus amyloliquefaciensN7及其应用,属于微生物技术领域,该菌株于2023年7月26日保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M 20231384;该菌株从农田土壤残膜中分离,属于芽孢杆菌科、芽孢杆菌属、解淀粉芽孢杆菌种,其对聚乙烯塑料具有良好的降解效果,降解成本低、效率高,对环境友好;同时能够有效地拮抗马铃薯疮痂病病原菌,起到防治马铃薯疮痂病的作用,操作成本低,应用前景广阔。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及微生物技术领域,具体是一株Bacillus amyloliquefaciensN7及其应用。
背景技术
目前,全球的塑料污染已经成为了一个不可忽视的问题。塑料垃圾来自于多方面,比如河口海洋交汇处沉积了大量的塑料垃圾,其中,绝大部分塑料垃圾来自于陆地土壤生态,其中农用塑料地膜是对土壤最直接的污染源;农用塑料地膜的使用虽然能够提高土壤持水能力和提高作物产量,但塑料地膜的长期使用会使其在土壤中大量残留,无法得到良好的循环利用,造成严重的污染问题。
目前针对塑料地膜的处理方式大多采用人工或机械回收、采用生物可降解地膜等,但是这些处理方式成本高、效率低、有局限性;相比较来说,微生物菌种对塑料地膜的降解过程条件温和、降解后的产物无污染,对环境比较友好,但目前关于微生物菌种降解塑料地膜的相关报道较少;专利公告号为“CN108004166A”(申请号201711334876.X)的中国发明申请中,提供了一种高效降解PBAT塑料地膜的微生物菌群,该微生物菌群包含有波茨坦短芽孢杆菌、类芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌、硫磺色节杆菌和食菌蛭弧菌,是国内外首次发现的高效降解PBAT塑料地膜降解菌群,现有大多数技术是针对PBAT塑料地膜的物理性能进行研究,针对其降解菌群的筛选和利用技术还未有报道,该发现弥补了现有技术的空白。
在马铃薯的种植中,常采用聚乙烯塑料地膜覆膜的方法来保持土壤含水量,进而提高马铃薯产量;但是,常年覆膜导致残膜积累,污染环境;另外,残膜在机械力等方面的作用下逐渐分解为微塑料,微塑料可以作为马铃薯疮痂病等病原菌的媒介,可能会加重马铃薯疮痂病的发病率,造成一定的经济损失;目前关于聚乙烯塑料地膜的降解与减少马铃薯疮痂病的发病率是一直以来研究的难点。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一株Bacillus amyloliquefaciensN7及其应用,其具有聚乙烯塑料降解作用,并且能够有效地拮抗马铃薯疮痂病病原菌。
本发明技术方案如下:
一株Bacillus amyloliquefaciensN7,于2023年7月26日保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,地址:湖北省武汉市武汉大学,保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M 20231384。
其中,所述Bacillus amyloliquefaciensN7的16S rDNA基因序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示。
所述Bacillus amyloliquefaciensN7的菌液的制备方法,包括如下步骤:挑取Bacillus amyloliquefaciensN7单菌落,接种到LB液体培养基中,于37±1℃、150~200r/min条件下震荡培养15~20h,得Bacillus amyloliquefaciensN7的菌液。
所述Bacillus amyloliquefaciensN7在聚乙烯塑料降解中的应用。
优选的,所述Bacillus amyloliquefaciensN7在聚乙烯塑料降解中的应用,应用方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将聚乙烯塑料剪碎后进行灭菌处理:依次用0.02g/mL的SDS溶液、30%(体积比)双氧水、75%乙醇和95%乙醇对剪碎后的聚乙烯塑料膜片进行浸泡处理,得处理后的聚乙烯塑料膜片,备用;
(2)将培养至对数生长期的Bacillus amyloliquefaciensN7菌液离心,去上清,将沉淀用磷酸盐缓冲溶液洗涤,得沉淀菌体;
(3)将步骤(2)中的沉淀菌体用微量元素培养基重悬,调节菌液浓度至OD600值为0.8~1.0,得重悬菌液;
(4)向步骤(3)中的重悬菌液中加入步骤(1)处理后的聚乙烯塑料膜片,于25~30℃、150~200r/min条件下培养25~35天。
优选的,所述步骤(1)中在用0.02g/mL的SDS溶液、75%乙醇和95%乙醇浸泡时,浸泡时间不低于4h,浸泡期间超声25~35min;用30%双氧水浸泡时,浸泡时间不低于10min。
优选的,所述步骤(2)中磷酸盐缓冲溶液的浓度为0.02mol/L。
优选的,所述步骤(3)中微量元素培养基的组分如下:0.7g/L K2HPO4、0.7g/LKH2PO4、1.0g/L MgSO4·7H2O、1.0g/L NH4NO3、0.005g/L NaCl、0.005g/L FeSO4·7H2O、0.002g/L ZnSO4·7H2O、0.002g/L MnSO4·H2O,pH7.0。
所述Bacillus amyloliquefaciensN7在防治马铃薯疮痂病中的应用。
优选的,所述Bacillus amyloliquefaciensN7在防治马铃薯疮痂病中的应用,主要是应用于拮抗马铃薯疮痂病病原菌。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明分离筛选获得一株解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciensN7,该菌株对聚乙烯塑料具有良好的降解效果,且降解成本低、效率高,对环境友好;同时能够有效地拮抗马铃薯疮痂病病原菌,起到防治马铃薯疮痂病的作用,操作成本低,应用前景广阔。
附图说明
图1为解淀粉芽孢杆菌N7对马铃薯疮痂病病原菌的拮抗效果图;
图2为解淀粉芽孢杆菌N7的菌落形态图;
图3为聚乙烯塑料膜片经解淀粉芽孢杆菌N7降解4周后的1000倍扫描电子显微镜图片;
图4为聚乙烯塑料膜片经解淀粉芽孢杆菌N7降解4周后的25000倍扫描电子显微镜图片;
图5为聚乙烯塑料膜片经解淀粉芽孢杆菌N7降解4周后的FT-IR红外光谱对比图;
图6为聚乙烯塑料膜片经解淀粉芽孢杆菌N7降解4周后的水接触角对比图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例进行说明:
马铃薯疮痂病病原菌Streptomycessp. AMCC 400023:为山东农业大学筛选得到的菌株,现保存于山东农业大学-国家植保微生物种质资源库(山东)(http://www.zys.moa.gov.cn/gsgg/202208/t20220810_6406720.htm);该菌株已明确记载于以下文献中:山东农业大学硕士论文,张铭铄《一株马铃薯疮痂病病原菌的系统鉴定及生物防治的研究》;Feiyang Liang,Rongshan Lin,Yaqian Yao,etc. Phytopathology,2019109:7,1115-1128《Systematic Identification of PathogenicStreptomycessp. AMCC400023That Causes Common Scab and Genomic Analysis of Its Pathogenicity Island》;Wencong Shi,Mingcong Li,Guangshan Wei,etc. Microbiome,2019年第7卷第1期《Theoccurrence of potato common scab correlates with the community compositionand function of the geocaulosphere soil microbiome》中;公众可直接通过国家植保微生物种质资源库(山东)获取该菌株及其相关信息。
实施例1
Bacillus amyloliquefaciensN7的分离、筛选和鉴定:
(1)从中国、山东、肥城地区的农田土壤残膜中分离:将少量残膜加入到含有微量碳源培养基的250mL三角瓶中;所述微量碳源培养基是将1g灭菌处理后的聚乙烯塑料膜片与100mL微量元素培养基混合;
其中,聚乙烯塑料膜片的灭菌处理方法为:先用0.02g/mL的SDS溶液将剪碎的聚乙烯塑料膜片浸泡4h,浸泡期间超声30min;再用30%(体积比)的双氧水浸泡10min;最后依次用75%乙醇和95%乙醇分别浸泡4h,浸泡期间超声30min;
其中,微量元素培养基组分如下:0.7g/L K2HPO4、0.7g/L KH2PO4、1.0g/L MgSO4·7H2O、1.0g/L NH4NO3、0.005g/L NaCl、0.005g/L FeSO4·7H2O、0.002g/L ZnSO4·7H2O、0.002g/L MnSO4·H2O,pH7.0;
(2)将加入残膜的含有微量碳源培养基的三角瓶在30℃、180r/min的恒温培养箱震荡培养14天;
(3)培养完成后,将菌液浓度分别稀释至10-2、10-3、10-4,各吸取50μL涂布到LB固体培养基上,并多次划线分离纯化;
通过多次分离纯化,共获得90余株具有聚乙烯降解能力的菌株,作为备选菌株进行下一步的筛选。
筛选过程如下:选用马铃薯疮痂病病原菌Streptomycessp. AMCC 400023(以下简称为“S. scabies 23号病原菌”)作为靶标菌,对所获得的备选菌株进行马铃薯疮痂病病原菌拮抗试验,具体方法如下:
(1)用移液枪吸取6mL无菌水至长满S. scabies 23号病原菌的SNB培养基中,用涂布器轻刮下菌体,用装有脱脂棉的无菌注射器过滤掉菌丝体,得孢子悬浮液;
其中,SNB培养基的组分如下:蔗糖15g/L、甘油15g/L、蛋白胨40g/L、KH2PO40.5g/L、NaCl 0.5g/L、MgSO4·7H2O 0.5g/L、CaCO30.5g/L、琼脂20g/L;
(2)将步骤(1)中的孢子悬浮液稀释至10-6,取50μL在SNB培养基上涂布,5天后对单菌落计数,计算孢子悬浮液浓度,并将孢子悬浮液浓度调整至106CFU/mL,得病原菌悬液;
(3)分别挑取备选菌株单菌落到装有30mL LB液体培养基的50mL三角瓶中,放置于37℃、180r/min的恒温摇床中震荡培养至菌液OD600为1.0,得待测菌液;
(4)平板对峙实验:取步骤(2)中的病原菌悬液100μL均匀涂布于SNB培养基上,在培养基上放置3片直径为5mm的无菌滤纸片,在无菌滤纸片上分别滴加5μL步骤(3)中的待测菌液,并设置等量无菌水作为空白对照组,每组设置2个重复;将SNB培养基置于28℃培养箱内倒置培养7天,观察拮抗效果。
通过上述分离与筛选工作,我们最终筛选得到一株生长迅速的对聚乙烯塑料具有降解能力和具有显著拮抗马铃薯疮痂病病原菌作用的菌株,将其命名为“N7”;菌株N7对S.scabies 23号病原菌的拮抗效果如图1所示,其中,左边为空白对照组,右边为N7处理组;与空白对照组相比,接种N7后的培养基中出现明显的抑菌圈,且抑菌圈直径为2.0±0.1cm,这说明菌株N7对疮痂病病原菌有显著的拮抗效果。
上述筛选得到的菌株N7在LB培养基上的形态如图2所示,菌落呈现淡黄色,形状为圆形,表面光滑湿润,边缘整齐;革兰氏染色为紫色,菌株为革兰氏阳性菌。
对上述筛选得到的菌株N7的16S rDNA基因序列进行测序,具体的,用试剂盒提取菌株N7的DNA,采用细菌通用引物27F(SEQ ID NO.2)、1492R(SEQ ID NO.3)作为扩增引物进行PCR扩增;
其中,PCR扩增体系(50μL)如下:模板DNA 2μL,Mix(2×) 25μL,引物27F 2μL,引物1492R 2μL,ddH2O 19μL;
PCR扩增程序如下:95℃预变性5min;95℃变性1min,58℃退火1min,72℃延伸2min,循环30次;最后72℃延伸10min,4℃保存;
将菌株N7的16S rDNA基因序列扩增产物委托生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司进行测序,16S rDNA测序结果参见SEQ ID NO.1;将所得16S rDNA序列与NCBI数据库中已有的序列进行BLAST分析,并选取同源性相近的菌株,采用MEGA X软件构建系统发育树,构建方法为Neighbor-joining;结果发现,上述筛选得到的菌株N7与Bacillus amyloliquefaciensJE7(MW082822)的相似性为99%,且在进化距离上相对较近,结合菌株的生理生化特征,鉴定其为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens),并将其命名为“Bacillus amyloliquefaciensN7(解淀粉芽孢杆菌N7)”,简称为“N7”。
Bacillus amyloliquefaciensN7,于2023年7月26日保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,地址:湖北省武汉市武汉大学,保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M 20231384。
实施例2
解淀粉芽孢杆菌N7的培养:
挑取解淀粉芽孢杆菌N7单菌落到装有30mL LB液体培养基的50mL三角瓶中,放置于37℃、180r/min的恒温摇床中震荡培养20h,得解淀粉芽孢杆菌N7菌液。
实验例:
解淀粉芽孢杆菌N7对聚乙烯塑料地膜的降解作用:
(1)将聚乙烯塑料剪碎后进行灭菌处理:先用0.02g/mL的SDS溶液浸泡4h,浸泡期间超声30min;再用30%(体积比)双氧水浸泡10min;最后依次用75%乙醇和95%乙醇分别浸泡4h,浸泡期间超声30min;得处理后的聚乙烯塑料膜片;
将处理后的聚乙烯塑料膜片用无菌水洗涤并干燥,称重,得原始膜片重量;
(2)将培养至对数生长期的解淀粉芽孢杆菌N7菌液转入离心管离心,去上清,将沉淀用0.02mol/L的磷酸盐缓冲溶液洗涤,得沉淀菌体;
(3)将步骤(2)中的沉淀菌体用微量元素培养基重悬并调节菌液OD600值为1.0,得重悬菌液;
(4)将步骤(1)处理后的聚乙烯塑料膜片分为两组,分别为“N7组”和“对照组(CK)”,每组膜片设置三个重复;将“N7组”聚乙烯塑料膜片约1g放入步骤(3)中的2mL重悬菌液中,将同等重量的“对照组”聚乙烯塑料膜片放入同等体积的微量元素培养基中,共同置于30℃、180r/min的恒温震荡培养箱中培养(降解)30天,观察培养过程中聚乙烯塑料膜片的表面变化及其失重情况;
培养结束后,用无菌镊子将膜片取出,置于无菌的10mL离心管中,使用0.02g/mL的SDS溶液浸泡4小时,超声30min;再用30%(体积比)双氧水浸泡10min;最后依次用75%乙醇和95%乙醇分别浸泡4小时,浸泡期间超声30min;将洗涤后的膜片放置在滤纸上干燥后称重,得处理后的膜片重量。
聚乙烯塑料膜片的表面变化:聚乙烯塑料膜片经解淀粉芽孢杆菌N7降解4周后的扫描电子显微镜结果如图3~4所示,可见,与对照组相比,经过N7处理后的聚乙烯塑料膜片表面出现了明显的生物侵蚀孔洞;聚乙烯塑料膜片经N7降解4周后的FT-IR红外光谱图如图5所示,与对照组相比,经过N7处理后的聚乙烯塑料膜片的吸收峰减弱和极性键吸收峰增强,说明膜片不稳定,更容易被降解;聚乙烯塑料膜片经N7降解4周后的水接触角图片如图6所示,与对照组相比,膜片亲水性明显增加,表示其更易被降解。
聚乙烯塑料膜片的失重情况:“N7组”和“对照组”培养(降解)30天后的聚乙烯塑料膜片失重结果如表1所示;其中,失重率(%)=(原始膜片重量–处理后的膜片重量)/原始膜片重量×100%。
表1. 处理30天后的聚乙烯塑料膜片失重结果
聚乙烯塑料膜片重量的降低是其被降解的基本现象,由表1可得,“对照组”中聚乙烯塑料膜片的平均失重率为0.1073%,而经过N7处理30天后,“N7组”中聚乙烯塑料膜片的平均失重率达到了1.56%;其中,对照组出现失重的原因可能是聚乙烯塑料膜片在震荡培养过程中造成了机械损伤。可见,本发明筛选获得的解淀粉芽孢杆菌N7对聚乙烯塑料具有良好的降解效果。
综上,本发明获得了一株Bacillus amyloliquefaciensN7,该菌株对聚乙烯塑料具有良好的降解效果,对环境友好;同时能够有效地拮抗马铃薯疮痂病病原菌,起到防治马铃薯疮痂病的作用,操作成本低,应用前景广阔。
Claims (9)
1.一株Bacillus amyloliquefaciensN7,其特征在于,于2023年7月26日保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,地址:湖北省武汉市武汉大学,保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M 20231384。
2.权利要求1所述Bacillus amyloliquefaciensN7的菌液的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:挑取Bacillus amyloliquefaciensN7单菌落,接种到LB液体培养基中,于37±1℃、150~200r/min条件下震荡培养,得Bacillus amyloliquefaciensN7的菌液。
3.权利要求1所述Bacillus amyloliquefaciensN7的应用,其特征在于,应用于降解聚乙烯塑料。
4.如权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,应用方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将聚乙烯塑料剪碎后进行灭菌处理:依次用0.02g/mL的SDS溶液、体积比为30%的双氧水、75%乙醇和95%乙醇对剪碎后的聚乙烯塑料膜片进行浸泡处理,得处理后的聚乙烯塑料膜片,备用;
(2)将培养至对数生长期的Bacillus amyloliquefaciensN7菌液离心,去上清,将沉淀用磷酸盐缓冲溶液洗涤并离心,得沉淀菌体;
(3)将步骤(2)中的沉淀菌体用微量元素培养基重悬,调节菌液浓度至OD600值为0.8~1.0,得重悬菌液;
(4)向步骤(3)中的重悬菌液中加入步骤(1)处理后的聚乙烯塑料膜片,于25~30℃、150~200r/min条件下培养25~35天。
5.如权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中在用0.02g/mL的SDS溶液、75%乙醇和95%乙醇浸泡时,浸泡时间不低于4h,浸泡期间超声25~35min;用体积比为30%的双氧水浸泡时,浸泡时间不低于10min。
6.如权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中磷酸盐缓冲溶液的浓度为0.02mol/L。
7.如权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中微量元素培养基的组分如下:0.7g/L K2HPO4、0.7g/L KH2PO4、1.0g/L MgSO4·7H2O、1.0g/L NH4NO3、0.005g/L NaCl、0.005g/L FeSO4·7H2O、0.002g/L ZnSO4·7H2O、0.002g/L MnSO4·H2O,pH7.0。
8.权利要求1所述Bacillus amyloliquefaciensN7的应用,其特征在于,应用于防治马铃薯疮痂病。
9.如权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,应用于拮抗马铃薯疮痂病病原菌。
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