CN117229107B

CN117229107B - Microbial composition and method for planting green leaf vegetables by using same

Info

Publication number: CN117229107B
Application number: CN202311416010.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张白鸽; 李嘉炜; 李静; 常静静; 陈潇; 陈雷; 宋钊
Original assignee: Vegetable Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agriculture Sciences
Current assignee: Vegetable Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agriculture Sciences
Filing date: 2023-10-30
Publication date: 2024-07-16
Anticipated expiration: 2043-10-30

Abstract

The present invention relates to a microbial composition and a method for planting green leaf vegetables using the same, the composition comprising: the bacterial flora, the fungus flora and the organic matter, wherein the first dominant bacterium of the bacterial flora is actinomycota, the second dominant bacterium is Proteus, and the third dominant bacterium is Thick-walled bacteria; the first dominant fungus of the fungus flora is thermophilic fungus, and the second dominant fungus is aspergillus; the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the organic matters is 5:1 to 25:1. the microbial composition is used as a fertilizer for green vegetables, can effectively improve humus of soil, realize crop growth promotion and stress resistance enhancement of the green vegetables, improve photosynthesis capability of the green vegetables, remarkably improve biomass, solve the problem of insufficient nitrogen and medium trace elements in the crop cultivation process, improve water and fertilizer retention capability and air permeability of the soil, enhance rhizosphere activity and effectively restore soil aggregate structures.

Description

Microbial composition and method for planting green leaf vegetables by using same

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of microbial compositions, in particular to a microbial composition and a method for planting green leaf vegetables by using the same. The invention also relates to the field of microbiological devices, in particular to a microbiological fermentation device and a method for producing a microbiological composition, which may also be referred to as composting, using it.

Background

There are a variety of plants of the cruciferous family of green leaf vegetables. Taking the heart of a vegetable as an example. The vegetable core is a vegetable which is eaten by flowers and moss, has tender texture and is one of important vegetables. The vegetable core planting period is short, the fertilizer amount is large, the traditional mode of applying a large amount of compound fertilizer easily causes soil hardening and salinization, the growth of vegetable core root systems and photosynthetic efficiency are affected, the yield is seriously affected, and the traditional fertilization mode usually only focuses on the application of a large amount of elements, so that trace elements in vegetable fields are deficient, the quality of vegetable cores is reduced, and therefore, a special fertilizer capable of meeting the fertilizer requirement of the vegetable cores and improving the soil of the vegetable fields is needed. There is a need for a microbial fertilizer that overcomes at least one of the above drawbacks.

How to efficiently and environmentally utilize straw resources is a great difficulty in the current agricultural production. Straw composting under aerobic conditions is a mode of straw resource utilization, lignin and cellulose in straw can be degraded, and finally a composting product is formed. However, the existing straw composting methods have a number of problems, such as slow fermentation speed due to insufficient oxygen content in the fermentation process. In the prior art, no report of using fish meal as a composting raw material exists. In the prior art, chicken manure and straw are generally adopted to produce compost, the main bacteria of the compost are thick-walled bacteria, the main fungi are aspergillus, and the aspergillus has strong pathogenicity to human bodies and has potential production safety hazards. In addition, composting in the prior art usually adopts a natural fermentation mode, is greatly influenced by natural conditions, and is easy to scatter under the condition that fermentation materials are processed into powder, so that long-time outdoor fermentation cannot be realized, a large amount of ammonia gas is generated in the fermentation process, and air pollution and nitrogen loss are caused in a large amount under the natural conditions. There is a need for a microbial fermentation device that can safely, efficiently and quickly perform fermentation that overcomes at least one of the above drawbacks.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of this, the present invention provides a microbial composition and a method of planting green leaf vegetables using the same, and also provides a microbial fermentation apparatus and a method of producing a microbial composition using the same. Other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description, or may be learned by the practice of the invention.

According to one aspect of the invention, it is proposed to

Embodiment 1. A microbial composition comprising:

bacterial flora, fungal flora, and organic matter, wherein

The first dominant bacterium of the bacterial flora is actinomycota (Actinobacteriota), the second dominant bacterium is Proteus (Proteus), and the third dominant bacterium is Thick-walled bacteria (Fimicutes);

The first dominant fungus of the fungus flora is thermophilic fungus genus (Mycothermus), and the second dominant fungus is Aspergillus;

The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the organic matters is 5:1 to 25:1.

Embodiment 2. The microbial composition according to embodiment 1, wherein,

Among the bacterial flora, the first dominant bacterium actinomycetes (Actinobacteriota) accounts for 20 to 40%, the second dominant bacterium Proteobacteria (Proteobacteria) accounts for 20 to 40%, and the third dominant bacterium thick-wall bacteria (Fimicutes) accounts for 10 to 30%.

Embodiment 3. The microbial composition according to embodiment 1, wherein,

Among the bacterial flora, the first dominant bacterium actinomycetes (Actinobacteriota) accounts for 25 to 35%, the second dominant bacterium Proteobacteria (Proteobacteria) accounts for 25 to 35%, and the third dominant bacterium thick-wall bacteria (Fimicutes) accounts for 15 to 25%.

Embodiment 4. The microbial composition according to embodiment 1, wherein,

Of the fungus flora, the first dominant fungus, thermophilic fungus (Mycothermus) accounts for 50-90%, and the second dominant fungus, aspergillus (Aspergillus) accounts for 10-40%.

Embodiment 5. The microbial composition according to embodiment 1, wherein,

The first dominant fungus is thermophilic fungus (Mycothermus) accounting for 60% to 85%, and the second dominant fungus is Aspergillus (Aspergillus) accounting for 18% to 30%.

Embodiment 6. The microbial composition according to embodiment 1, wherein the organic matter has a carbon to nitrogen ratio of 10:1 to 20:1.

Embodiment 7. The microbial composition of embodiment 1, wherein the microbial composition has the following properties:

A pH of 6.8 to 7.1;

EC values from 2.3 to 3;

E4/E6 is 2.2 to 2.8;

the organic matter content is 50% to 70%;

GI is greater than 80%;

total nitrogen 1.8% to 3%;

P ₂O₅% is 0.6% to 0.9%;

K ₂ O% is 2% to 5%;

Total nutrient N+P ₂O₅+K₂ O (%) is 4 to 10%

Total lead mg/kg is lower than 4mg/kg;

the total cadmium mg/kg is lower than 0.5mg/kg;

Total arsenic mg/kg is lower than 7mg/kg;

the total mercury mg/kg is lower than 2mg/kg.

GI is likely to be greater than 100% in the sense that the relative germination rate of the seeds is greater than 80% in accordance with the NY/T525-2021 standard, and greater than 100% indicates not only no toxicity, but also promotion of germination of the seeds, with greater values indicating less compost toxicity.

Embodiment 8. The microbial composition of embodiment 1, wherein the microbial composition has the following properties:

a pH of 6.9 to 7.0;

EC values of 2.5 to 2.7;

E4/E6 is 2.2 to 2.6;

The organic matter content is 55 to 60 percent;

GI greater than 88%;

total nitrogen 1.9% to 2%;

p ₂O₅% is 0.78% to 0.88%;

k ₂ O% is 3% to 3.5%;

Total nutrient N+P ₂O₅+K₂ O (%) is 5 to 7%

The total lead mg/kg is lower than 3.5mg/kg;

the total cadmium mg/kg is lower than 0.4mg/kg;

total arsenic mg/kg is lower than 6mg/kg;

the total mercury mg/kg is lower than 1mg/kg.

Embodiment 9. The microbial composition according to embodiment 1 further comprises an EM bacterial stock solution, a trace element component and a plant synergistic agent component, wherein the bacterial content of the EM bacterial stock solution is more than or equal to 2 hundred million/mL; the trace element component comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 15:10:10:10:2, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid, manganese chloride, copper sulfate and ammonium molybdate; the plant synergist comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10:1, and the like.

Embodiment 10. The microbial composition of embodiment 1, prepared by the method of:

Step one, providing a microbial fermentation device, which comprises the following steps: the fermentation tank comprises a fermentation tank body 1, a tank cover 2, an aeration device and a fermentation liquid collecting device 6, wherein an air outlet 10 is formed in the fermentation tank body 1; the aeration device comprises an aeration oxygen supply device and an aeration pipeline 3 arranged in the fermentation tank body 1; the fermentation liquor collecting device 6 is arranged outside the fermentation tank body 1 and is connected with the bottom of the fermentation tank body 1 through a pipeline, and an aeration device of the microorganism fermentation device is started to ensure that the aeration device provides aeration quantity of 1/20 to 1/15 volume/min of the volume of the fermentation tank body 1;

step two, filling fermentation materials into the fermentation tank body 1 for fermentation, wherein the fermentation materials are a mixture of the following substances: 10-20 parts of fish meal, 80-85 parts of straw, 1 part of straw decomposing inoculant, and 120-170 wt% of water and fermentation liquor of the straw, wherein fermentation material accounts for 50-90 vol% of the volume of a fermentation tank body 1, and the fermentation material covers an aeration pipeline 3;

And step three, taking out a fermentation product, namely the microbial composition, from the fermentation tank body 1 when fermentation is finished.

Embodiment 11. The microbial composition of embodiment 1, wherein the organic matter is selected from at least one of the following: organic fermentate, turf, peat, or combinations thereof.

Embodiment 12. A method for planting a green leaf vegetable, wherein the green leaf vegetable is planted using the microbial composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 9 as a base fertilizer.

Embodiment 13. The method of embodiment 12, wherein the microbial composition is applied in an amount of 800 to 2000kg/ha.

Embodiment 14. The method according to embodiment 13, characterized in that a 15-15-15 compound fertilizer is also co-applied during the growth cycle of the green leaf vegetables.

Embodiment 15. The method of embodiment 12, wherein the green leaf vegetable is a cruciferous vegetable.

Embodiment 16. The method of embodiment 12, wherein the green leaf vegetables are selected from the group consisting of cabbage, lettuce, mustard, lettuce, broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage.

The present invention also provides a microbial fermentation apparatus and a method of producing a microbial composition using the same, including the following.

Scheme 1. A microbial fermentation device, comprising:

a fermentation tank body 1, a tank cover 2, an aeration device, a fermentation liquid collecting device 6 and fermentation materials arranged in the fermentation tank body 1,

An air outlet (10) is arranged on the fermentation tank body 1;

The fermentation material comprises: 10-20 parts of fish meal, 80-85 parts of straw, and optionally 1 part of straw decomposition agent, and optionally 120-170 wt% of fermentation broth or water of the straw;

the aeration device comprises an aeration oxygen supply device and an aeration pipeline 3 arranged in the fermentation tank body 1;

The fermentation liquor collecting device 6 is arranged outside the fermentation tank body 1 and is connected with the lower part of the fermentation tank body 1 through a pipeline.

Scheme 2. The microbial fermentation device according to scheme 1, wherein the gas outlet 10 is at least one selected from the group consisting of: an aperture having an area of 1 to 16 square centimeters, an aperture having an area of 4 to 9 square centimeters, a circular aperture having a diameter of 1 to 4cm, a circular aperture having a diameter of 2 to 3cm, a square aperture having a side length of 1 to 4cm, and a square aperture having a side length of 2 to 3 cm; the area of the tank cover 2 is more than 100 square centimeters.

The microbial fermentation device according to the scheme 3, wherein the aeration oxygen supply device comprises an oxygenation pump and a flowmeter, the aeration pipeline 3 comprises a vertical pipeline and a horizontal pipeline, the vertical pipeline and the horizontal pipeline are communicated with each other, the oxygenation pump and the flowmeter are arranged outside the fermentation tank body 1 and are communicated with the aeration pipeline 3, aeration holes are formed in the lower side of the horizontal pipeline, and the interval between every two adjacent aeration holes is 1cm to 3cm.

Scheme 4. The microbial fermentation apparatus according to scheme 3, wherein the aeration holes are at least one selected from the group consisting of: an opening with an area of 1 to 16 square millimeters, an opening with an area of 4 to 9 square millimeters, a circular opening with a diameter of 1 to 4mm, a circular opening with a diameter of 2 to 3mm, a square opening with a side length of 1 to 4mm, and a square opening with a side length of 2 to 3 mm.

Too large material of aeration hole is easy to enter the pipeline to cause blockage, too small air outlet efficiency is not high. The standpipe hole punching has low air outlet efficiency, the standpipe hole punching is easy to be blocked, and the hole punching below the cross rod is not easy to be blocked. Holes are only formed in the lower surface, so that the effect of forming holes in all areas can be achieved. The perforation is arranged below the fermentation tank, so that the air distribution required by the fermentation can be met. Most preferably, the aeration holes have a diameter of 2.5mm and are spaced apart by 2cm.

Scheme 5. The microbial fermentation device according to scheme 1, further comprising a temperature sensor and an optional turning device arranged inside the fermentation material, and an insulating layer 8 arranged outside the fermentation tank body 1. The interior of the application refers to the middle part of the fermented material and the area which can reflect the fermentation condition of the raw material most. In some embodiments, three temperature sensors, upper, middle and lower, are provided.

Scheme 6. The microbial fermentation device according to scheme 1, further comprising a humidity sensor disposed inside the fermentation material in the fermentation tank 1.

The microbial fermentation device according to the scheme 7, wherein the turning device comprises a fixing device, a transmission device and fan blades, the fan blades are fixed in the middle of the fermentation material in the fermentation tank body 1 through the fixing device, and the transmission device is connected with the fan blades, so that when the transmission device transmits kinetic energy to the fan blades, the fan blades can rotate to turn the fermentation material.

Scheme 8. The microbial fermentation device according to scheme 1, wherein the fermentation tank body 1 is provided with the heat preservation outside.

The microbial fermentation apparatus according to any one of aspects 1 to 8, wherein the volume of the fermentation tank 1 is 80 to 500 liters and the aeration device is capable of providing an aeration amount of 1/20 to 1/5 of the volume of the fermentation tank 1 per minute.

The microbial fermentation device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the fish meal contains 60% or more protein; the straw is selected from wheat straw, sorghum straw, rice straw, corn straw, rape straw, cotton straw, sugarcane straw and soybean straw.

Scheme 11. A method of producing a microbial composition, the method comprising:

Step one, providing a microbial fermentation apparatus according to any one of schemes 1 to 10, comprising: the fermentation tank comprises a fermentation tank body 1, an aeration device and a fermentation liquid collecting device 6, wherein an air outlet 10 is formed in the fermentation tank body 1; the aeration device comprises an aeration oxygen supply device and an aeration pipeline 3 arranged in the fermentation tank body 1; the fermentation liquor collecting device 6 is arranged outside the fermentation tank body 1 and is connected with the bottom of the fermentation tank body 1 through a pipeline, and an aeration device of the microorganism fermentation device is started to ensure that the aeration device provides aeration quantity of 1/20 to 1/15 volume/min of the volume of the fermentation tank body 1;

Step two, filling fermentation materials into the fermentation tank body 1 for fermentation, wherein the fermentation materials are a mixture of the following substances: 10-20 parts of fish meal, 80-85 parts of straw, 1 part of straw decomposing inoculant, and 120-170 wt% of water or fermentation liquor of the straw, wherein fermentation materials account for 50-90 vol% of the volume of the fermentation tank body 1, so that the fermentation materials cover the aeration pipeline 3;

Scheme 12. The method of producing a microbial composition according to scheme 11, wherein the straw is a treated product of: crushing the straw into pieces of 0.2-2mm, soaking the pieces in 1-4% acetic acid for 10-48 h at normal temperature, and then fishing out and naturally airing.

Scheme 13. The method for producing a microbial composition according to scheme 11, further comprising:

And step four, adding 1 part of EM bacteria stock solution, 1-5 parts of trace element components and 1-10 parts of plant synergistic agent components into the microbial composition for mixing to obtain the microbial composition special for green leaf vegetables.

Scheme 14. The method for producing a microbial composition according to scheme 11, further comprising: in the second step, when the temperature sensor detects that the fermentation tank body 1 is continuously maintained for more than 5 days and at 50 ℃, if the humidity sensor detects that the humidity is more than 60%, the tank cover is opened, so that the aeration device provides aeration of 1/12 to 1/5 volume/min of the volume of the fermentation tank body 1 for 24-36 hours.

Scheme 15. The method of producing a microbial composition according to scheme 11, further comprising: in the second step, after fermentation starts for 36-48h, when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature is higher than 65 ℃ or lower than 50 ℃, turning is carried out.

In the method, the turning of the pile is reduced as much as possible, which ensures the stability of the environment of beneficial microorganisms of the compost, reduces the diffusion of harmful gases and reduces the loss of nutrients. Under the condition of not turning over the reactor, the generated ammonia is not easy to form ammonia diffusion, so that the loss of nitrogen is reduced, the nitrogen participates in the nutrient conversion of bacteria, and the reactor can be developed to the direction of generating ammonia by turning over the reactor more, so that the nutrients are further lost. Under the condition of low temperature, the pile body is too compact, and the fermentation is slow; the temperature is too high, and the microorganisms can be killed, so that the temperature is stable by turning the reactor, and the activity of the microorganisms is maintained.

Scheme 16. The method for producing a microbial composition according to scheme 11, further comprising: in the third step, after fermentation is started for 10 to 20 days, when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature is 37 ℃ or less, completion of fermentation can be confirmed.

Scheme 17. The method according to scheme 13, wherein the bacterial content of the EM bacterial stock solution is not less than 2 hundred million/mL; the trace element component comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 15:10:10:10:2, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid, manganese chloride, copper sulfate and ammonium molybdate; the plant synergist comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10:1, and the like.

Scheme 18. The method of producing a microbial composition according to scheme 11, further comprising: during the period from 48 hours after the start of fermentation to the end of fermentation, the fermentation broth at the bottom of the fermentation tank body 1 is collected by the fermentation broth collecting device 6 for the next fermentation.

The specific roles of different structures in the microbial fermentation device are as follows: the tank body is used for filling fermentation materials; the tank cover is used for sealing the tank body during fermentation to prevent foreign matters from falling into the tank body and prevent the material and the temperature at the upper part of the tank body from losing; the tank body heat preservation layer is positioned outside the tank body and is used for preserving heat of the tank body in the straw fermentation process, and the fermentation high-temperature duration is prolonged so that the materials are fully decomposed; the aeration pipeline is arranged in the middle of the tank body in a shape like a Chinese character 'hui', small holes are uniformly formed in the lower part of the horizontal pipe of the pipeline and are used for supplying oxygen to materials in the middle of the tank body so as to fully decompose straws, and meanwhile, the pre-decomposed straws are prevented from blocking the aeration pipeline; the aeration oxygen supply device is mainly used for providing oxygen for the aerobic fermentation of the materials in the tank body; the flowmeter is used for quantitatively monitoring and controlling the oxygen supply flow rate and flow rate; the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor are arranged at the center of the fermentation material of the tank body and used for monitoring the temperature change in the aerobic fermentation process of the material; the fermentation liquor collecting device is communicated with the lower part of the fermentation tank and is used for collecting waste liquor generated in the fermentation process, and the fermentation tank can comprise a water-proof iron net and a fermentation liquor collector; the air inlet is positioned at the lower part of the tank body and used for supplying oxygen, and the air outlet is positioned at the upper part of the tank body and used for discharging generated waste gas in the fermentation process. The device utilizes the semi-closed jar body, can prevent effectively that fermentation material straw and fish meal from causing secondary pollution because of scattering, avoided the influence of miscellaneous fungus to the compost simultaneously, has easy operation, the decomposition speed is fast, the characteristics that the decomposition degree is high, is particularly useful for the fermentation of fish meal and straw, can prevent effectively that the scattering of fish meal, broken straw, reduces the odor diffusion simultaneously and pollutes the environment, can promote the useful microorganism activity through forced aeration and static heat preservation fermentation, promotes fermentation quality, shortens fermentation duration. The aeration pipeline can provide sufficient oxygen for composting, so that the fermentation efficiency is greatly improved. The fermentation of fish meal and rice straw can form a microbial community taking Actinobacteriota (actinomycota) as dominant bacteria and Mycothermus (thermophilic fungi) as dominant fungi, so that the decomposition effect of lignocellulose is better and the harm to human bodies is less. The microbial community in the application is derived from microorganisms existing in fermentation raw materials such as straw, fish meal, straw decomposing agent, fermentation liquor and the like, and when the temperature and the humidity are proper, the microorganisms start to multiply in a large amount, and the physicochemical properties of different composting raw materials are different, so that the microbial community structure is different.

The microbial fermentation device is adopted to carry out composting treatment, beneficial microbial activity is improved through forced aeration and static heat preservation fermentation, fermentation quality is improved, fermentation duration is shortened, the produced microbial composition can be used as a bacterial fertilizer to effectively improve humus of soil, crop growth promotion and stress resistance of cruciferous green vegetables are improved, photosynthesis capacity of the vegetables is improved, meanwhile, the problem that nitrogen and medium trace elements are insufficient in the crop cultivation process is solved, water and fertilizer retention capacity and air permeability of the soil are improved, rhizosphere activity is enhanced, and soil aggregate structure is effectively recovered.

The microbial fermentation device provided by the application can not only effectively prevent the scattering of fish meal and straw, but also reduce odor diffusion and environmental pollution, and can promote the activity of beneficial microorganisms, promote fermentation quality, shorten fermentation time, increase nitrogen content in the microbial composition and reduce nitrogen loss through forced aeration and static heat preservation fermentation. The microbial composition disclosed by the application is used as a fertilizer for cruciferous green vegetables, can effectively improve humus of soil, realize crop growth promotion and stress resistance enhancement of the green vegetables, improve photosynthesis capability of the green vegetables, obviously improve biomass, solve the problem of insufficient nitrogen and medium trace elements in the crop cultivation process, improve water and fertilizer retention capability and air permeability of the soil, enhance rhizosphere activity and effectively restore soil aggregate structures.

In addition, the technical solution of the present invention brings about many other advantages, which will be described in detail in the detailed description.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention as claimed.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following brief description of the drawings of the embodiments will make it apparent that the drawings in the following description relate only to some embodiments of the present invention and are not limiting of the present invention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a microbial fermentation apparatus according to the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an aeration pipe in a microbial fermentation apparatus according to the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a microbial composition prepared according to the method of the present application;

FIG. 4 is a diagram of the structure of bacterial communities in the microbial composition according to the present application;

FIG. 5 is a diagram of the structure of a fungal community in a microbial composition according to the present application;

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of a potting test (FIG. 6 is a graph showing a comparison of a sterile field (left) and a bacterial field (right);

FIG. 7 is an effect graph of a field fertilizer efficiency test;

FIG. 8 is a graph showing the effect of a composting field fertilizer efficiency test.

Reference numeral 1-fermenter; 2-a tank cover; 3-an aeration pipeline; 4-a flow meter; 5-a liquid outlet; 6-a fermentation liquor collecting device; 7-supporting legs; 8, an insulating layer; 9-a temperature sensor; 10-an air outlet; 11-air inlet; 12-an oxygenation pump; 13-an air inlet pipe; 14-a transverse tube; 15-a vertical pipe; 16-opening holes.

Detailed Description

Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the exemplary embodiments can be embodied in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar parts, and thus a repetitive description thereof will be omitted.

Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the following description, numerous specific details are provided to give a thorough understanding of embodiments of the invention. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the invention may be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, devices, steps, etc. In other instances, well-known methods, devices, implementations, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the invention.

In one aspect of the present application, there is provided a microbial fermentation apparatus comprising: the fermentation tank comprises a fermentation tank body 1, a tank cover 2, an aeration device, a fermentation liquid collecting device 6 and fermentation materials arranged in the fermentation tank body 1, wherein an air outlet 10 is arranged on the fermentation tank body 1; the fermentation material comprises a mixture of: 10-20 parts of fish meal, 80-85 parts of straw, and optionally 1 part of straw decomposition agent, and optionally 120-170 wt% of fermentation broth or water of the straw; the aeration device comprises an aeration oxygen supply device and an aeration pipeline 3 arranged in the fermentation tank body 1; the fermentation liquor collecting device 6 is arranged outside the fermentation tank body 1 and is connected with the lower part of the fermentation tank body 1 through a pipeline. In the microbial fermentation device, the fermented material fish meal is powdery, and the straw can be crushed into 0.2-2mm fragments or a product treated as follows: crushing the straw into pieces of 0.2-2mm, soaking the pieces in 1-4% acetic acid for 10-48 h at normal temperature, and then fishing out and naturally airing. The powdery materials are easy to mix uniformly and are convenient for fermentation. The fermentation liquor obtained by the last fermentation can be used as water for the next fermentation, the weight of the fermentation liquor and the weight of the water are in a mutually substituted relation, and the water content is only required to be 60-65% finally, and the fermentation liquor contains fungus required by fermentation, so that the efficiency of a fermentation device can be accelerated by adopting the scheme of the fermentation liquor. The term "fish meal" according to the application has the meaning known to the person skilled in the art, also called "fishbone meal", and is a quality organic fertilizer, which is manufactured from fish by a series of processes.

A specific example of a microbial fermentation apparatus of the present application is shown in FIG. 1. The specific roles of different structures in the microbial fermentation device are as follows: the tank body is used for filling fermentation materials, and when the fermentation materials are filled into the tank body, the fermentation materials are in a natural accumulation state and are not deliberately applied with pressure to be compact; the tank cover is used for sealing the tank body during fermentation to prevent foreign matters from falling into the tank body and prevent the material and the temperature at the upper part of the tank body from losing; the tank body heat preservation layer is positioned outside the tank body and is used for preserving heat of the tank body in the straw fermentation process, and the fermentation high-temperature duration is prolonged so that the materials are fully decomposed; the aeration pipeline is arranged in the middle of the tank body in a shape of a Chinese character 'hui', small holes are uniformly formed in the lower part of the horizontal pipe of the pipeline and used for supplying oxygen to the material in the middle of the tank body so as to fully decompose straws, and meanwhile, the pre-decomposed straws are prevented from blocking the aeration pipeline, and one specific aeration pipeline is shown in the figure 2; The aeration oxygen supply device is mainly used for providing oxygen for the aerobic fermentation of the materials in the tank body; the flowmeter is used for quantitatively monitoring and controlling the oxygen supply flow rate and flow rate; the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor are arranged at the center of the fermentation material of the tank body and used for monitoring the temperature change in the aerobic fermentation process of the material; the fermentation liquor collecting device is communicated with the lower part of the fermentation tank and is used for collecting waste liquor generated in the fermentation process, and the fermentation tank can comprise a water-proof iron net and a fermentation liquor collector; the air inlet is positioned at the lower part of the tank body and used for supplying oxygen, and the air outlet is positioned at the upper part of the tank body and used for discharging generated waste gas in the fermentation process. The device utilizes the semi-closed tank body, can effectively prevent fermentation material straw and fish meal from causing secondary pollution because of scattering, has avoided the influence of miscellaneous fungus to the compost simultaneously. The aeration pipeline can provide sufficient oxygen for composting, so that the fermentation efficiency is greatly improved. The fermentation of fish meal and rice straw can form a microbial community taking Actinobacteriota (actinomycota) as dominant bacteria and Mycothermus (thermophilic fungi) as dominant fungi, so that the decomposition effect of lignocellulose is better and the harm to human bodies is less. FIG. 3 of the present application is a schematic representation of an exemplary microbial composition prepared according to the method of the present application, and it can be seen from FIG. 3 that the microbial composition prepared according to the method of the present application is in a brown fluffy state, the surface of which may bear some white material. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the structure of bacterial communities in the microbial composition according to the present application, and as can be seen from FIG. 4, the bacteria in the microbial composition according to the present application mainly include a first dominant bacterium Actinobacteriota (actinomycota), a second dominant bacterium Proteus (Proteus), and a third dominant bacterium Thick-wall fungus (Fimicutes), and further include Bacteroides (Bacteroidota), myxococcus (Myxococcota), acidovorax (Gemmatimonadota), rhizoctonia viridans (Chioroflexi), salmonella (Halanaerobiaeota) and Pediococcus mirabilis (Deinococcota). FIG. 5 is a diagram of the fungal community in a microbial composition according to the present application, and it can be seen from FIG. 5 that the fungi in the microbial composition of the present application mainly comprise a first dominant fungus being a thermophilic fungus (Mycothermus), a second dominant fungus being Aspergillus, and some other relatively low-dominant fungi.

In the microbial fermentation apparatus, the arrangement of the air outlet and the lid is not particularly limited as long as the effects described in the present application can be achieved. In some embodiments, the air outlet 10 of the microbial fermentation device is at least one selected from the group consisting of: an aperture having an area of 1 to 16 square centimeters, an aperture having an area of 4 to 9 square centimeters, a circular aperture having a diameter of 1 to 4cm, a circular aperture having a diameter of 2 to 3cm, a square aperture having a side length of 1 to 4cm, and a square aperture having a side length of 2 to 3 cm; the area of the tank cover 2 is more than 100 square centimeters. The air outlet 10 should not be too large because the air outlet 10 needs to keep the whole fermentation device in a semi-closed state to prevent the fermentation material from scattering. In some embodiments, a filter screen for preventing the material from scattering may be disposed at the air outlet 10. The area of the can lid is not so small as the can lid is used to fill the fermentation material, which is usually provided in the middle of the upper part of the fermenter body, while temperature and humidity sensors need to be provided through the can lid, and in some cases it may be necessary to open the can lid during fermentation to mediate the progress of the microbial fermentation.

The aeration oxygen supply device of the present application is not particularly limited as long as the oxygen supply requirement of the present application can be satisfied. In some embodiments, the aeration and oxygen supply device of the microbial fermentation device comprises an oxygenation pump and a flowmeter, the aeration pipeline 3 comprises a vertical pipeline and a horizontal pipeline, the vertical pipeline and the horizontal pipeline are communicated with each other, the oxygenation pump and the flowmeter are arranged outside the fermentation tank body 1 and are communicated with the aeration pipeline 3, wherein aeration holes are arranged on the lower side of the horizontal pipeline, and the interval between every two adjacent aeration holes is 1cm to 3cm. The applicant has unexpectedly found that under the microbial fermentation conditions according to the present application, the provision of aeration holes on the vertical pipes, or the provision of aeration holes on the upper or lateral portions of the horizontal pipes, is subject to blockage, such that the aeration operation is severely affected. And under the condition that the lower side of the horizontal pipeline is provided with the aeration holes, the aeration holes are not easy to be blocked by the fermented material, so that the aeration quantity can be kept, and the aeration quantity is easy to be controlled according to actual conditions.

In some embodiments, the aeration holes of the microbial fermentation device of the present application are at least one selected from the group consisting of: an opening with an area of 1 to 16 square millimeters, an opening with an area of 4 to 9 square millimeters, a circular opening with a diameter of 1 to 4mm, a circular opening with a diameter of 2 to 3mm, a square opening with a side length of 1 to 4mm, and a square opening with a side length of 2 to 3 mm. The aeration holes cannot be too large, under the condition of too large, fermentation materials easily enter the pipeline to cause blockage, and the aeration holes cannot be too small, so that the gas outlet efficiency is not high under the condition of too small. The applicant has unexpectedly found that the oxygen distribution required for fermentation can be met by simply perforating the underside of the horizontal conduit, i.e. the aeration of the horizontal conduit is most effective in providing the required oxygen throughout the fermentation mass. In a specific embodiment, the aeration holes may be configured as round holes with a diameter of 2.5mm, and the interval is 2cm.

In some embodiments, the microbial fermentation device of the present application further comprises a temperature sensor and an optional turning device disposed inside the fermentation material, and an insulating layer disposed outside the fermentation tank 1. The inner part refers to the middle part of the fermented material (usually, in three dimensions, except 20% of the edge, the rest part can be called as the middle part of the fermented material, for example, 1 cubic meter of the fermented material with the side length of 1 meter, wherein the middle part can be a region 60cm of the middle part of the fermented material, similarly, a region below 20% of the top surface of the fermented material is an upper part, and a region below 20% of the bottom surface of the fermented material is a lower part), and the temperature sensor is arranged at the position which can reflect the fermentation condition of the raw material most. In some embodiments, three temperature sensors, upper, middle and lower, may be provided in the fermentation material.

In some embodiments, the microbial fermentation device of the present application further comprises a humidity sensor disposed inside the fermentation material in the fermentation tank 1. The humidity sensor arrangement requires a similar requirement as the temperature sensor. The humidity sensor and the temperature sensor which are positioned in the middle of the fermentation material can be used for the fermentation in the fermentation material.

In some embodiments, the turning device of the microbial fermentation device of the application comprises a fixing device, a transmission device and a fan blade, wherein the fan blade is fixed in the middle of the fermentation material in the fermentation tank body 1 through the fixing device, and the transmission device is connected with the fan blade, so that when the transmission device transmits kinetic energy to the fan blade, the fan blade can rotate to turn the fermentation material. In order not to damage the temperature and humidity sensor during turning, the temperature and humidity sensor can be taken off for turning, and then the temperature and humidity sensor can be placed.

In some embodiments, an insulation layer is provided outside the fermentation tank 1 of the microbial fermentation device of the present application. The heat preservation layer is used for preserving heat of the tank body in the straw fermentation process, and prolonging the fermentation high-temperature duration to enable the materials to be thoroughly decomposed. The material of the insulating layer is not limited, and those generally known to those skilled in the art may be used, for example, various foam boards, and even wood boards may be used.

The volume of the fermenter 1 of the microorganism fermentation apparatus of the present application is not particularly limited, and the size of the aeration apparatus is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can select and design the apparatus according to actual needs. In some embodiments, the volume of the fermenter body 1 of the microbial fermentation apparatus of the present application is 80 to 500 liters, and the aeration apparatus is capable of providing an aeration amount of 1/20 to 1/5 volume/min of the volume of the fermenter body 1. Too small a tank body can seriously affect the efficiency of the fermentation tank, and too large a tank body is unfavorable for manual operation. The aeration capacity of the aeration device is within the above range, contributing to providing all the aeration required in the fermentation process.

The fish meal and the straw used in the present application are not particularly limited, and the fish meal is mainly used for providing a nitrogen source for fermentation and the straw is mainly used for providing a carbon source for fermentation. In some embodiments, the fish meal in the microbial fermentation device contains 60% or more protein; the straw is selected from wheat straw, sorghum straw, rice straw, corn straw, rape straw, cotton straw, sugarcane straw and soybean straw.

In another aspect, the invention provides a method of producing a microbial composition, the method comprising:

Step one, providing a microbial fermentation device according to the above, comprising: the fermentation tank comprises a fermentation tank body 1, a tank cover 2, an aeration device and a fermentation liquid collecting device 6, wherein an air outlet 10 is formed in the fermentation tank body 1; the aeration device comprises an aeration oxygen supply device and an aeration pipeline 3 arranged in the fermentation tank body 1; the fermentation liquor collecting device 6 is arranged outside the fermentation tank body 1 and is connected with the bottom of the fermentation tank body 1 through a pipeline, and an aeration device of the microorganism fermentation device is started to ensure that the aeration device provides aeration quantity of 1/20 to 1/15 volume/min of the volume of the fermentation tank body 1;

And step three, taking out a fermentation product, namely the microbial composition, from the fermentation tank body 1 when fermentation is finished. In the present application, the microbial composition according to the present application is compost, and thus the term "microbial composition" has the same meaning as "compost" and is used interchangeably.

In one embodiment, the method of producing a microbial composition, the straw is a treated product of: crushing the straw into pieces of 0.2-2mm, soaking the pieces in 1-4% acetic acid for 10-48 h at normal temperature, and then fishing out and naturally airing. The expression "crushing straw into fragments of 0.2-2 mm" in the present application refers to crushing straw into fragments, wherein more than 90% of the fragments have a size between 0.2 and 2mm, and the size refers to the largest dimension of the straw fragments that can be measured in any coordinate direction. In some embodiments of the application, the straws are not directly crushed, and the cellulose and hemicellulose in the straws are hydrolyzed by acetic acid to be preliminarily converted into monosaccharides, so that the straws are beneficial to microorganism utilization, the polymerization degree of cellulose of the pretreated raw materials is reduced, and the nutrient elements which can be directly utilized by microorganisms are increased. Under the condition that the fish meal and the straw raw materials are composted outdoors, the fish meal and the straw raw materials are often required to be fermented for 2-3 months, and the fish meal and the straw are easy to fly, so that the required compost is often not obtained at all, the environment is polluted, the compost itself is polluted by the environment, and the mixed bacteria are introduced. When the fermentation is carried out, the fermentation is carried out by adopting the straws which are not subjected to acidolysis, the fermentation time is longer, and the time is usually about 20-30 days, and the fermentation can be completed only about 13-15 days by adopting the acidolysis straws in the device.

In some embodiments, the methods of producing a microbial composition of the present application further comprise:

In some embodiments, the methods of producing a microbial composition of the present application further comprise: in the second step, when the temperature sensor detects that the fermentation tank body 1 is continuously maintained for more than 5 days and at 50 ℃, if the humidity sensor detects that the humidity is more than 60%, the tank cover is opened, so that the aeration device provides aeration of 1/12 to 1/5 volume/min of the volume of the fermentation tank body 1 for 24-36 hours.

In some embodiments, the methods of producing a microbial composition of the present application further comprise: in the second step, after fermentation starts for 36-48h, when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature is higher than 65 ℃ or lower than 50 ℃, turning is carried out.

In the method of the present application, it is desirable to minimize the turning of the compost, which ensures the stability of the composting beneficial microbial environment, reduces the diffusion of harmful gases, and reduces the loss of nutrients. Under the condition of not turning over the reactor, the generated ammonia is not easy to form ammonia diffusion, so that the loss of nitrogen is reduced, the nitrogen participates in the nutrient conversion of bacteria, and the reactor can be developed to the direction of generating ammonia by turning over the reactor more, so that the nutrients are further lost. Under the condition of low temperature, the pile body is too compact, and the fermentation is slow; the temperature is too high, and the microorganisms can be killed, so that the temperature is stable by turning the reactor, and the activity of the microorganisms is maintained.

In some embodiments, the methods of producing a microbial composition of the present application further comprise: in the third step, after fermentation is started for 10 to 20 days, when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature is 37 ℃ or less, completion of fermentation can be confirmed.

In some embodiments, the method of the application has a bacterial content of the EM bacterial stock solution of 2 hundred million/mL or more; the trace element component comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 15:10:10:10:2, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid, manganese chloride, copper sulfate and ammonium molybdate; the plant synergist comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10:1, and the like.

In some embodiments, the methods of producing a microbial composition of the present application further comprise: during the period from 48 hours after the start of fermentation to the end of fermentation, the fermentation broth at the bottom of the fermentation tank body 1 is collected by the fermentation broth collecting device 6 for the next fermentation.

In the application, the fish meal is used as a nitrogen source for straw composting, the composting degree is high, and the microbial community structure and the chicken manure straw composting have great difference: the main bacteria of the fishbone powder straw compost are actinomycetes, the main fungi are thermophilic fungi (Mycothermus), compared with the actinomycetes, the actinomycetes have stronger lignocellulose decomposition capability, compared with the aspergillus, the thermophilic fungi are basically harmless to human bodies, and the safety is greatly improved. However, the fishbone powder is easy to scatter, a large amount of oxygen is needed when the fishbone powder is used for straw fermentation, and meanwhile, the pollution of mixed bacteria in the fermentation process is avoided, so that the traditional composting method is difficult to meet.

The EM bacteria are composite microbial agents composed of photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, fermentation fungi and other microorganisms, and are added into a produced microbial composition (or compost), so that on one hand, the EM bacteria can reduce the abundance of pathogens in the compost to improve the quality of the compost, and on the other hand, the EM bacteria can promote the anaerobic fermentation of the compost, so that the composting maturity is further improved while nutrition loss is prevented.

Ikeduoine is a strongly hydrophilic amino acid derivative which binds to its surrounding water molecules and generates the so-called "Ectoin hydropower complexes", which then again surround the plant roots, forming a protective, nourishing and stable hydrated shell around them, which has been studied to demonstrate that Ikeduoine can improve the saline-alkali and drought tolerance of crops.

The moringa leaf extract contains over 92 active compounds, including plant hormones (such as auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins), vitamins, flavanols, phenols, sterols and tannins, and a number of phytochemicals that make them highly beneficial to plants. Researches prove that the moringa oleifera leaf extract not only can induce seed germination, plant growth and photosynthesis, but also can improve the tolerance of plants in abiotic stress.

Brown algae oligosaccharide is an oligosaccharide extracted from brown algae, and is proved to promote seed germination, root growth and new leaf germination on various crops such as rice, mustard, broad beans, wheat, tobacco and the like. Studies prove that the brown alginate oligosaccharides realize the growth promotion effect on plants by inducing the metabolism of nitrogen and the biosynthesis path of auxin in the plants.

In accordance with the above findings, the present application also provides a microbial composition comprising:

bacterial flora, fungal flora, and organic matter, wherein

The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the organic matters is 5:1 to 25:1.

In some embodiments, in the microbial composition,

In some embodiments, in the microbial composition, the organic matter has a carbon to nitrogen ratio of 10:1 to 20:1. regarding the carbon to nitrogen ratio, the carbon to nitrogen ratio of the fermentation feedstock used in the present application is generally 25:1 to 30:1, the carbon to nitrogen ratio of the fermented product is preferably 15:1 to 17:1.

In some embodiments, in the microbial composition, the microbial composition has the following properties:

A pH of 6.8 to 7.1;

EC values from 2.3 to 3;

E4/E6 is 2.2 to 2.8;

the organic matter content is 50% to 70%;

GI is greater than 80%;

total nitrogen 1.8% to 3%;

P ₂O₅% is 0.6% to 0.9%;

K ₂ O% is 2% to 5%;

Total nutrient N+P ₂O₅+K₂ O (%) is 4 to 10%

Total lead mg/kg is lower than 4mg/kg;

the total cadmium mg/kg is lower than 0.5mg/kg;

Total arsenic mg/kg is lower than 7mg/kg;

the total mercury mg/kg is lower than 2mg/kg.

a pH of 6.9 to 7.0;

EC values of 2.5 to 2.7;

E4/E6 is 2.2 to 2.6;

The organic matter content is 55 to 60 percent;

GI greater than 88%;

total nitrogen 1.9% to 2%;

p ₂O₅% is 0.78% to 0.88%;

k ₂ O% is 3% to 3.5%;

Total nutrient N+P ₂O₅+K₂ O (%) is 5 to 7%

The total lead mg/kg is lower than 3.5mg/kg;

the total cadmium mg/kg is lower than 0.4mg/kg;

total arsenic mg/kg is lower than 6mg/kg;

the total mercury mg/kg is lower than 1mg/kg.

In some embodiments, the microbial composition further comprises an EM bacterial stock solution, a trace element component and a plant synergistic agent component, wherein the bacterial content of the EM bacterial stock solution is more than or equal to 2 hundred million/mL; the trace element component comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 15:10:10:10:2, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid, manganese chloride, copper sulfate and ammonium molybdate; the plant synergist comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10:1, and the like.

In some embodiments, the microbial composition is prepared by the following method:

In some embodiments, in the microbial composition, the organic matter is selected from at least one of the following: organic fermentate, turf, peat, or combinations thereof.

The application also provides a method for planting green leaf vegetables, which is characterized in that the microorganism composition is used as a base fertilizer for planting the green leaf vegetables.

In some embodiments, the method of growing green leaf vegetables, the microbial composition is applied at an amount of 800 to 2000kg/ha.

In some embodiments, the method for growing green leaf vegetables further comprises the step of co-applying a 15-15-15 compound fertilizer during the growth cycle of the green leaf vegetables.

In some embodiments, the method of growing a green leaf vegetable is a cruciferous vegetable.

In some embodiments, the method of growing a green leaf vegetable is selected from the group consisting of cabbage, lettuce, mustard, lettuce, broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage.

Examples

Example 1

The microbial fermentation apparatus of the present application, as shown in FIG. 1, comprises: the fermentation tank comprises a fermentation tank body 1, a tank cover 2, an aeration device, a fermentation liquid collecting device 6 and fermentation materials arranged in the fermentation tank body 1, wherein an air outlet 10 is arranged on the fermentation tank body 1; the fermentation material comprises: 10-20 parts of fish meal, 80-85 parts of straw, and optionally 1 part of straw decomposition agent, and optionally 120-170 wt% of fermentation broth or water of the straw; the aeration device comprises an aeration oxygen supply device and an aeration pipeline 3 arranged in the fermentation tank body 1, and the aeration oxygen supply device comprises a flowmeter 4 and an oxygenation pump 12; the fermentation liquor collecting device 6 is arranged outside the fermentation tank body 1 and is connected with the tank bottom opening at the lower part of the fermentation tank body 1 through a pipeline to serve as a fermentation liquor outlet 5. The bottom of the tank body is provided with a supporting leg 7 for lifting the tank bottom. The middle part of the tank cover 2 is provided with a hole, and the temperature sensor 9 is placed into the tank through the hole. It should be noted that the temperature sensor 9 is generally replaced by a dual temperature and humidity sensor, so that it can measure both temperature and humidity. An insulating layer 8 is arranged outside the fermentation tank body 1.

The main materials and related parameters of the fermentation device are as follows: the tank body is a high-quality plastic tank with the volume of 100L, the inner diameter is 45cm, the height is 73cm, and the wall thickness of the tank is 3mm; the tank body heat-insulating layer is made of heat-insulating cotton with the thickness of 30mm and made of closed-cell foaming rubber and plastic; the aeration pipeline is a PVC pipe with the caliber of 8X10 (the inner diameter X outer diameter is unit mm), the length is 45cm, the width is 40cm, the spacing between the openings is 2cm, and the aperture size is 2.5mm; the aeration oxygen supply device comprises an oxygenation pump (the flow is 15-20L/min) and an LZB-3WB glass rotameter (1-10L/min); the temperature and humidity sensor is provided by the upper seafood shield science and technology limited company, is internally provided with an internet card, and can remotely and continuously monitor the temperature and humidity change inside the fermentation tank.

The various materials, reagents and fermentation materials used in the present application may be obtained commercially or may be self-contained in a laboratory. The EM bacteria stock solution adopted in the application is purchased from Harmony environmental protection biotechnology (Nanjing) limited company, and the bacteria content is more than or equal to 2 hundred million/mL. The microelements are purchased from Guangzhou chemical reagent factories, and then are prepared in a laboratory according to the proportion. The rice straw used in the test is obtained by self-planting in a test base of Guangdong vegetable institute. The fish meal was purchased from Hebei Shijia house feed with a protein content of about 65wt%. Straw-decomposing inoculants were purchased from zheng zhou nong xu wang biotechnology limited. 2% acetic acid was purchased from Guangzhou chemical reagent plant. Moringa leaf extract was purchased from Ningshan national san Biotechnology Co. The brown algae oligosaccharide is 98% brown algae oligosaccharide, and is purchased from Shaanxi Tianjian biochemical engineering Co. Ikeduocine (Ectoin) was purchased from Kaxi Biotech Co.

The microbial fermentation device is adopted to produce biomass composition (namely compost), and the specific steps are as follows:

Step one: 15 parts of fish meal, 84 parts of rice straw and 1 part of straw decomposition agent are mixed in advance, and 125 parts of water is added. The rice straw is pretreated, and the specific process is as follows: crushing the straw into fragments of 0.2-2mm by using a crusher, soaking the fragments for 24 hours by using 2% acetic acid at normal temperature, and then fishing out and naturally airing.

Step two: the oxygenation pump 12 is started in advance, the air tightness of the air inlet 11 and the ventilation effect of the aeration pipeline 3 are checked, the mixed materials are poured into the fermentation tank body 1 from the tank opening on the premise of ensuring that the oxygenation pump 12 is started, then the materials are loosened by using a composting turning bar, the sensing part of the temperature sensor 9 is inserted into the middle part of the tank body by using a pair of fire tongs, then the tank cover 2 is covered, and the flowmeter 4 is adjusted so that the gas flow is controlled at 7L/min.

Step three: after fermentation for 36-48h, monitoring whether the temperature is 50-65 ℃, and turning the stack if the temperature is lower or higher than the range. After the composting temperature is continuously maintained for more than 5 days and 50 ℃, observing the composting humidity, if the humidity is more than 60%, adjusting the flow meter 4 to enable the air flow to reach 10L/min, and opening the tank cover 2 for 24-36 hours.

Step four: the fermentation is completed after 14 days, and the temperature sensor is read below 37 ℃, at this time, the oxygenation pump 12 is closed, the tank cover 2 is opened, the compost is transferred into other containers, 1 part of EM bacteria stock solution, 1-5 parts of trace element components and 1-10 parts of plant synergist components are added for mixing, and a microbial composition (namely the compost, which is called special bacterial manure or bacterial manure for vegetable cores herein) is obtained, as shown in figure 3.

Wherein the trace element components comprise ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid, manganese chloride, copper sulfate and ammonium molybdate according to the following weight percentage of 20:15:10:10:10:2, mixing the materials according to the proportion.

The plant synergist comprises the components of Ikeduoyin, moringa oleifera leaf extract and brown algae oligosaccharides according to the weight ratio of 50:10: 1.

Detection step

Physicochemical property determination and microbial community identification of the obtained microbial composition were performed as follows:

1. Determination of physical and chemical properties of compost: the compost produced in example 1 was tested for physicochemical properties by the following specific test methods: the pH and EC values of the compost samples were measured using a pH meter and conductivity meter (MP 521). The nitrogen content is determined by Kjeldahl method, and the phosphorus, potassium and heavy metal content is determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The organic matter content is analyzed by TOC analyzer. The germination index GI of the seeds was measured using cucumber seeds, and E4/E6 was measured using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, and the specific measurement results are shown below.

The physical and chemical properties of the special bacterial fertilizer for the vegetable heart are as follows:

the pH was 6.9 at the beginning of the fermentation and 7.0 at the end.

The EC (ms. Cm ^-1) value was 5.9 at the beginning of fermentation and 2.6 at the end.

The E4/E6 value was 5.4 at the beginning of the fermentation and 2.4 at the end.

The organic content (%) was 57.0%.

The GI (%) value was 90%.

Total nitrogen (%) was 1.94%;

P ₂O₅ (%) was 0.83%;

K ₂ O (%) was 3.23%;

Total nutrient N+P ₂O₅+K₂ O (%) is 6.00%

Total lead (mg/kg) was 3.17mg/kg;

Total cadmium (mg/kg) is 0.33mg/kg;

Total arsenic (mg/kg) was 5.50mg/kg;

total mercury (mg/kg) was undetected.

In the detection items, the pH reflects the pH value of the compost, and the proper pH for microorganism growth is 5.5-8.5; EC is the content of soluble salt in the compost, and the decrease of the EC value reflects vigorous growth of microorganisms; the E4/E6 value refers to the specific absorption peak value ratio of humic acid substances generated in the composting process at 465nm and 665nm, and is an important evaluation standard of the composting maturity, and the smaller the value is, the higher the composting degree is; the organic matter content of the compost is more than or equal to 30 percent according to the standard of NY/T525-2021; the GI reflects the composting toxicity, the higher the value is, the lower the composting toxicity is, and the standard GI of the organic fertilizer NY/T525-2021 is more than or equal to 70%; the total nutrient N+P ₂O₅+K₂ O (%) of the organic fertilizer NY/T525-2021 standard is more than or equal to 4.0%, the total lead is less than or equal to 50mg/kg, the total cadmium is less than or equal to 3mg/kg, the total arsenic is less than or equal to 15mg/kg, and the total mercury is less than or equal to 2mg/kg.

2. Identification of compost microbial communities: the microbial community structure of the compost produced in example 1 was tested, and the specific test method was: total DNA was extracted from 0.25g of fresh compost and the extracted genomic DNA was detected by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. The 16S rDNA and 18S rDNA genes were amplified with bacterial universal primer 338F/806R and fungal universal primer ITS1F/ITS2R, respectively. The data were analyzed on a network platform of Majorbio cloud platform and OUT was selected based on 97% sequence similarity, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the bacteria in the microbial composition comprised mainly a first dominant bacterium Actinobacteriota (actinomycota), a second dominant bacterium Proteobacteria (Proteobacteria), and a third dominant bacterium firmicutes (Fimicutes), further comprising bacteroides (Bacteroidota), myxococcus (Myxococcota), stenomonas (Gemmatimonadota), green curved bacteria (Chioroflexi), halophila (Halanaerobiaeota), and coccoid (Deinococcota), the fungi in the microbial composition comprised mainly a first dominant fungus thermophilic fungus (Mycothermus), a second dominant fungus Aspergillus (Aspergillus), and further comprising some other lower-dominant fungi.

Example 2

[ Potted plant test ]

The bacterial manure cultivation effect produced by the invention is tested, and the specific test is as follows: the green and fresh cabbage is used as an experimental variety, two treatments are planted in a pot, one group is a CK group, the other group is a bacterial fertilizer group, the CK group is conventional fertilization, the bacterial fertilizer group is fertilization by using bacterial fertilizer, 5 pots are used for each treatment, 3 cabbage plants are planted in each pot, and the biomass and phenotype of the cabbage are measured after 20 days of planting (shown in figure 6), and the results are shown below.

Influence of bacterial manure on vegetable heart planting:

total fresh weight (g): the CK group is 42.12+/-0.32 g, and the bacterial manure group is 63.21 +/-0.41 g;

Stem thickness (cm): the CK group is 1.65+/-0.12 cm, and the bacterial manure group is 2.04+/-0.14 cm;

Leaf area (cm ²): the CK group is 232.9 +/-25.3 cm ², and the bacterial manure group is 456.1 +/-37.3 cm ²;

root length (cm): the CK group is 89.7+/-9.0, and the bacterial manure group is 156.8+/-15.6.

The result shows that the bacterial fertilizer prepared by the application can obviously promote the biomass of potted cabbage, and obviously promote the growth of root systems and stems and leaves of the cabbage. The term total fresh weight in the present application refers to the total mass of the vegetable core including the leaves.

Example 3 (CK group and bacterial manure group)

[ Field Fertilizer efficiency test ]

The field application effect of the bacterial manure production is tested, and the specific test method comprises the following steps: setting two pieces of test field blocks to plant vegetable cores, wherein the vegetable cores are of Biqing sweet vegetable cores, each piece of field block is 4m long and 1.8m wide, one piece of field block is set as a CK group, the other piece of field block is set as a bacterial fertilizer group, the CK group is applied with 15-15-15 compound fertilizer with 24kg/ha nitrogen content as a base fertilizer, and the vegetable cores are transplanted and grown in the field blocks for 15 days and then are additionally applied with 15-15-15 compound fertilizer with 36kg/ha nitrogen content; the compost is applied with a 15-15-15 compound fertilizer with the nitrogen content of 1000kg/ha and 24kg/ha, and the vegetable core is transplanted and grown in the field for 15 days and then is applied with a 15-15-15 compound fertilizer with the nitrogen content of 36 kg/ha. Harvested 25 days after planting, the yield of the vegetable cores, the fresh weight of the stems and the leaf area were measured, and the results are shown below.

The bacterial manure affects the field vegetable core planting:

yield (kg/hectare): the CK group is 35607+/-2450, and the bacterial manure group is 50978+/-4521;

fresh weight of stem (g): the CK group is 15.3+/-1.2, and the bacterial manure group is 21.5+/-1.5;

Leaf area (cm ²): the CK group is 342.9+/-35.3 cm ², and the bacterial manure group is 653.1 +/-67.3 cm ²;

the result shows that the bacterial fertilizer prepared by the invention can obviously improve the yield of the field vegetable cores, and the fresh weight of the stems and the leaf area are obviously increased.

From the above data and FIG. 7, it can be seen that the bacterial manure of the present application is effective in promoting the growth of the vegetable core, increasing the leaf area by about 90%, and improving the yield of the vegetable core by about 40%. The bacterial fertilizer can effectively improve humus of soil, promote growth of crops, strengthen stress resistance of vegetable cores, improve photosynthesis of the vegetable cores, solve the problem of insufficient nitrogen and medium trace elements in the process of crop cultivation, improve water and fertilizer retention capacity and air permeability of the soil, strengthen rhizosphere activity, and effectively restore soil aggregate structures. The term fresh weight of the stem in the application is an index reflecting the growth condition of the stem of the cabbage, and the larger the index is, the better the stem growth is, and the weight of the stem of the Biqing sweet cabbage is. The Biqing sweet cabbage is a stem cabbage, so the stem fresh weight index is a parameter of great concern.

Example 4 compost field application Effect test

This example compares the bacterial manure set of example 3 with the compost obtained in example 1 without the addition of EM bacterial stock, trace element components and plant synergist components. The chicken manure straw composting group adopts a composting product obtained by composting chicken manure and straw. The fish meal straw compost group is a compost product obtained by composting fish meal and straw, namely the compost obtained in the example 1, and does not contain EM bacterial stock solution, trace element components and plant synergistic agent components. The field application effect of the compost production method is tested, and the specific test method comprises the following steps: three test field blocks are arranged for planting vegetable cores, the vegetable cores are green sweet vegetable cores, each field block is 4m long and 1.8m wide, three treatments are arranged, namely a chicken manure straw compost group, a fish meal straw compost group and a bacterial manure group of example 3, 1000kg/ha of compost and 24kg/ha of nitrogen-containing 15-15-15 compound fertilizer are applied to each group, and 36kg/ha of nitrogen-containing 15-15 compound fertilizer is applied to the vegetable cores after 15 days of transplanting and growing in the field blocks. Harvested 25 days after planting, the yield of the vegetable cores, the fresh weight of the stems and the leaf area were measured, and the results are shown below.

Compost field vegetable core planting effect

Yield (kg/hectare): the chicken manure composting group is 40707 +/-2450; the composting of fish meal straw is 44607 +/-1211; the bacterial manure group of example 3 is 50978±4521;

Fresh weight of stem (g): the chicken manure composting group is 16.7+/-1.8; the composting of fish meal straw is 18.3+/-1.7; the bacterial manure group of example 3 is 21.5 + -1.5;

Leaf area (cm ²): the chicken manure composting group is 402.2 plus or minus 45.2; the composting of fish meal straw is 442.7 +/-45.3; the bacterial manure group of the example 3 is 653.1 +/-67.3;

fig. 8 is a diagram showing the effect of composting vegetable cores, wherein the left side is chicken manure composting, the middle side is fish meal straw composting, and the right side is fish meal straw composting mixed fertilizer.

Example 5

A microbial composition was prepared by using a similar apparatus to that of example 1, except that the straw used was broken into pieces of 0.2-2mm, which were not soaked in acetic acid, and directly mixed with other fermentation materials for fermentation. During the fermentation, the temperature was monitored at 50-65℃at the beginning of 96 hours of fermentation. Fermentation ended after 21 days. The detection and field application experiments show that the microbial composition obtained in the embodiment 5 has similar composition to the microbial composition obtained by the method of the embodiment 1, increases the nitrogen content in the microbial composition, reduces the nitrogen loss, can obtain the application effect similar to that of the microbial composition obtained in the embodiment 1 when being used in the field experiments, namely, can be used as a fertilizer for cruciferous green vegetables, can effectively improve humus of soil, realize crop growth promotion and stress resistance enhancement of the green vegetables, improve photosynthesis capability of the green vegetables, remarkably improve biomass, solve the problem of insufficient nitrogen and medium trace elements in the crop cultivation process, improve water and fertilizer retention capability and air permeability of soil, enhance rhizosphere activity and effectively restore soil aggregate structure.

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are specifically illustrated and described above. It is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the particular arrangements, instrumentalities and methods of implementation described herein; on the contrary, the disclosure is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A microbial composition comprising:

bacterial flora, fungal flora, and organic matter, wherein

The first dominant bacteria of the bacterial flora are actinomycetes, the second dominant bacteria are Proteus, and the third dominant bacteria are Thick-walled bacteria;

The first dominant fungus of the fungus flora is thermophilic fungus, the second dominant fungus is aspergillus, wherein the first dominant fungus is thermophilic fungus accounting for 60-85%, and the second dominant fungus is aspergillus accounting for 18-30%;

the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the organic matters is 5:1 to 25:1,

Wherein the microbial composition is prepared by the following method:

Step one, providing a microbial fermentation device, which comprises the following steps: the fermentation tank comprises a fermentation tank body (1), a tank cover (2), an aeration device and a fermentation liquid collecting device (6), wherein an air outlet (10) is formed in the fermentation tank body (1); the aeration device comprises an aeration oxygen supply device and an aeration pipeline (3) arranged in the fermentation tank body (1); the fermentation liquor collecting device (6) is arranged outside the fermentation tank body (1) and is connected with the bottom of the fermentation tank body (1) through a pipeline, and an aeration device of the microorganism fermentation device is started to enable the aeration device to provide aeration quantity of 1/20 to 1/15 volume/min of the volume of the fermentation tank body (1);

step two, filling fermentation materials into the fermentation tank body (1) for fermentation, wherein the fermentation materials are a mixture of the following substances: 10-20 parts of fish meal, 80-85 parts of straw, 1 part of straw decomposition agent, and water and fermentation liquor accounting for 120-170 wt% of the straw, wherein fermentation materials account for 50-90 vol% of the volume of a fermentation tank body (1), the fermentation materials cover an aeration pipeline (3), and after fermentation starts for 36-48 hours, when a temperature sensor detects that the temperature is higher than 65 ℃ or lower than 50 ℃, pile turning is performed;

step three, when the fermentation is finished, taking out a fermentation product, namely the microorganism composition, from the fermentation tank body (1),

Wherein the composition further comprises the following components: the plant synergistic agent comprises an EM (effective microorganisms) bacterial stock solution, a trace element component and a plant synergistic agent component, wherein the bacterial content of the EM bacterial stock solution is more than or equal to 2 hundred million/mL; the trace element component comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 15:10:10:10:2, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid, manganese chloride, copper sulfate and ammonium molybdate; the plant synergist comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10:1, and the like.

2. The microbial composition of claim 1, wherein,

In the bacterial flora, the first dominant bacteria actinomycota accounts for 20-40%, the second dominant bacteria proteobacteria accounts for 20-40%, and the third dominant bacteria thick-wall bacteria accounts for 10-30%.

3. The microbial composition of claim 1, wherein,

In the bacterial flora, the first dominant bacteria actinomycota accounts for 25-35%, the second dominant bacteria Proteus accounts for 25-35%, and the third dominant bacteria thick-wall bacteria accounts for 15-25%.

4. The microbial composition of claim 1, wherein the organic matter has a carbon to nitrogen ratio of 10:1 to 20:1.

5. The microbial composition of claim 1, wherein the microbial composition has the following properties:

A pH of 6.8 to 7.1;

EC values from 2.3 to 3;

E4/E6 is 2.2 to 2.8;

the organic matter content is 50% to 70%;

GI is greater than 80%;

total nitrogen 1.8% to 3%;

P ₂O₅% is 0.6% to 0.9%;

K ₂ O% is 2% to 5%;

Total nutrient N+P ₂O₅+K₂ O% is 4-10%

Total lead mg/kg is lower than 4mg/kg;

the total cadmium mg/kg is lower than 0.5mg/kg;

Total arsenic mg/kg is lower than 7mg/kg;

the total mercury mg/kg is lower than 2mg/kg.

6. The microbial composition of claim 1, wherein the microbial composition has the following properties:

a pH of 6.9 to 7.0;

EC values of 2.5 to 2.7;

E4/E6 is 2.2 to 2.6;

The organic matter content is 55 to 60 percent;

GI greater than 88%;

total nitrogen 1.9% to 2%;

p ₂O₅% is 0.78% to 0.88%;

k ₂ O% is 3% to 3.5%;

Total nutrient N+P ₂O₅+K₂ O% is 5-7%

The total lead mg/kg is lower than 3.5mg/kg;

the total cadmium mg/kg is lower than 0.4mg/kg;

total arsenic mg/kg is lower than 6mg/kg;

the total mercury mg/kg is lower than 1mg/kg.

7. A method for planting green leaf vegetables, characterized in that the green leaf vegetables are planted using the microbial composition of any one of claims 1 to 6 as a base fertilizer.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the microbial composition is applied in an amount of 800 to 2000kg/ha.

9. The method of claim 8, further comprising co-applying a 15-15-15 compound fertilizer during the growth cycle of the green leaf vegetables.

10. The method of claim 7, wherein the green leaf vegetable is a cruciferous vegetable.

11. The method of claim 7, wherein the green leaf vegetables are selected from the group consisting of cabbage, lettuce, mustard, lettuce, broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage.