CN117204337B - Cucumber hybridization seed production method and device - Google Patents
Cucumber hybridization seed production method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN117204337B CN117204337B CN202311143262.9A CN202311143262A CN117204337B CN 117204337 B CN117204337 B CN 117204337B CN 202311143262 A CN202311143262 A CN 202311143262A CN 117204337 B CN117204337 B CN 117204337B
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- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cucumber hybridization seed production method and a hybridization seed production device thereof, and relates to the field of crop cultivation. A cucumber hybridization seed production method mainly comprises the following steps: step one, seedling raising: (1) preparing a seedling raising shed: the seedling raising greenhouse is provided with a plug tray, and seedling raising matrixes in the plug tray are piled by the following raw materials: 1000 parts of matrix and 50 parts of decomposed manure; according to the invention, when the fermented melon pulp is poured into the separating box for flushing, the melon pulp and the seeds can be separated under the buoyancy action of the separating plate which is detachable in the separating box and the water rushing into the separating box, when the separating plate is detached from the separating box for removal, the plurality of groups of shells on the separating plate can be used for fishing and airing part of the seeds floating on the water surface in the separating box, then when the seeds are aired, the shells face downwards through overturning the separating plate, the effect of flattening and airing the seeds can be achieved, and the working efficiency of workers on airing the seeds is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a cucumber hybrid seed production method and a hybrid seed production device thereof.
Background
According to statistics, the planting area of the cucumber in 2017 is about 2000 mu, a large amount of cucumber seeds are needed for the large planting area, the planting area is increased, land resources are wasted, production cost is increased, and the hybrid seed production yield is improved from the aspect of production technology.
The current cucumber hybridization seed production method comprises the following steps: seedling raising, soil preparation, field planting, field management, hybrid seed production and seed melon harvesting, then after seed melon harvesting, placing seed melon in a shade place, after-ripening for 5-7 days, washing seeds, cutting the seed melon when washing seeds, putting melon pulp into a barrel, fermenting for 3 days at 15-20 ℃, spreading and airing the seeds until the water content of the seeds is less than or equal to 10%, screening, removing impurities and non-full seeds, and storing the screened seeds in a low-temperature drying place;
however, at present, when washing melon pulp, the staff is required to drag out melon pulp from the bucket first, the melon pulp that will drag out is poured on the screen cloth and is washed with the help of flushing equipment such as the squirt, then shakeout the sunning to the seed after washing for the operation procedure is loaded down with trivial details, has not only increased staff's labour, still reduces after washing separation to melon pulp and seed, and the staff shakes the work efficiency of sunning to the seed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a cucumber hybridization seed production method and a hybridization seed production device thereof, which can overcome the problems or at least partially solve the problems.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the basic conception of the technical scheme that:
a cucumber hybridization seed production method mainly comprises the following steps: step one, seedling raising: (1) preparing a seedling raising shed: the seedling raising greenhouse is provided with a plug tray, and seedling raising matrixes in the plug tray are piled by the following raw materials: 1000 parts of matrix, 50 parts of decomposed manure and 2 parts of calcium superphosphate; (2) seed treatment: firstly, placing the seeds of a male parent plant and the female parent plant into warm water at 50-60 ℃ for soup soaking for 10-30 min, then cooling to 28-30 ℃ for soaking for 4-6 h, fishing out and draining, and accelerating germination at 28-32 ℃ for 24-36 h; (3) sowing: the male parent is planted in the last ten days of 3 months to 4 months, and is sowed in the last ten days of 4 months, and is generally 5 to 7 days earlier than the female parent, the planting density of the male parent can be the same as that of general production, early-stage shoveling can be enhanced for promoting early-stage development of the male parent, female flowers are removed in time for increasing the number of single flowers of the male parent, the female parent is planted in the last ten days of 4 months, high-furrow cultivation can be adopted for the seed production operation side, and the planting proportion of the male parent can be 1:8-10; (4) and (3) seedling stage management: the temperature of the seedling raising shed before seedling emergence is set to be 25-35 ℃, the temperature at night is set to be 15-20 ℃, the temperature at daytime of the seedling raising shed after seedling emergence is set to be 25 ℃, the temperature at night is set to be 15 ℃, the temperature at daytime of the seedling raising shed is set to be 20 ℃ during seedling hardening after 7 days of cooling and hardening before field planting, the temperature at night is set to be 15 ℃, and then watering is carried out according to the soil moisture content.
Step two, soil preparation: deep turning of soil in the seedling raising shed is carried out 1 month before field planting, sufficient base fertilizer is applied, 1-2 days before field planting, and mulching film is covered after the planting holes are fully irrigated with bottom water. Step three, field planting: when cucumber seedlings grow to a two-leaf one-heart period, field planting is carried out in a seedling raising shed, other varieties are not planted in 500 m, the plant spacing is 40cm between every two rows of each ridge, the row spacing is 50cm, the seedling protection rate is 2000 plants/mu-2400 plants/mu, the male parent and the female parent are planted in two areas, and full watering and root fixing water is carried out once after field planting. Fourth, field management: (1) and Wen Guangguan: controlling the temperature at 25-30 ℃ in daytime and 12-13 ℃ at night; (2) disease control: the insect pest mainly comprises aphids, white flies and yellow tea mites, seedlings are planted for 3-4 days, 15% pyridazinone 2500 times liquid is used for preventing the yellow tea mites on a seedbed, the yellow tea mites are checked and treated for 1 time from bud appearance to fruiting period, the white flies adopt 25% of Alketi water dispersible granules, 2-3 g of the white flies are used for 30kg of water or the combination of penicillin spraying and yellow board trapping method, and the aphids can be prevented and treated by using the Shaoguanmycin; (3) and (3) plant adjustment: when the 4 th true leaf appears in the female parent plant, erecting or hanging a vine, removing side branches on the main vine of the female parent plant, pollinating female flowers above the 6 th section, if a plurality of female flowers appear on the same section, selecting and reserving 1 female flower, and removing other female flowers; when the main vines of the female parent plants grow to 15 th to 20 th sections, the main vines are picked, and 3 to 4 seed melons are reserved on each female parent plant; and spraying gibberellin water solution with the concentration of 300mg/L once when the male parent plants are from two leaves to four leaves.
Step five, hybridization seed production: (1) checking the purity: checking the purity of the male parent and the female parent before pollination, and repeatedly carrying out impurity removal work in the whole growing season to ensure the purity of the parent; (2) seed production preparation work: removing all the opened male flowers and male buds on the female parent plant 1 day before pollination, and removing all the opened female flowers and the opened female flowers so that the opened male flowers are not seen in the female parent field; the picked flowers and buds are concentrated to be buried; in the afternoon of the first 1 day of pollination, pinching female buds with yellow corolla, which is about to be opened by female parents in the next early morning, with plastic clips, picking off the buds with yellow corolla, which is about to be opened by male parents in the next early morning, in the evening of the first 1 day of pollination, collecting wet towels on the inner cover of a plastic box, and placing the wet towels in a shade place; (3) pollination: and (3) at the beginning of 7-11 a.m., smearing the pollen of the male parent picked in S60201 on female flower heads of female parents, feeding 1 female pollen to 2-3 male flowers, clamping the female flowers by using clamps after pollination, tying a cotton rope on a melon handle for marking, removing the cotton rope after fertilization of the female flowers after 2-3 days, pollination of 4-5 female flowers on each female parent, selecting and reserving 3 pollinated fruits, and completely removing the non-pollinated female flowers and fruits. Step six, harvesting seed melon: harvesting when the seed melon and fruit skin is yellow, yellow-white or brown, and harvesting spring stubble of cucumber in 7 ten days above month for seed reserving; harvesting and reserving seeds in the autumn of the cucumber in the last 12 months; after harvesting seed melon, after-ripening for 5-7 days in shade, washing seed, cutting seed melon, placing melon pulp into a barrel, fermenting at 15-20deg.C for 3 days, using hybrid seed production device to make treatment, spreading seed in hybrid seed production device, airing until water content of seed is less than or equal to 10%, screening to remove impurity and unsaturated seed, and storing the screened seed in low-temperature drying place.
The utility model provides a hybridization seed production device, includes the separator box, still includes: the water storage tank is fixedly connected to the bottom of the separation tank, a water suction pump for supplying water into the separation tank is arranged on the water storage tank, and a sewage draining groove is formed in two sides of the separation tank; the support seat is symmetrically and fixedly connected to the inner walls of the two sides of the separation box, the support seat is detachably connected with a separation plate, a plurality of groups of sewage discharge holes are formed in the separation plate, a plurality of groups of shells are fixedly connected to the separation plate, the shells correspond to the sewage discharge holes, a chute penetrating through the sewage discharge holes is formed in the separation plate, a plurality of groups of separation holes are formed in the separation plate and the shells, and the diameter of each separation hole is smaller than the volume of seeds; the separation plate is connected in the chute in a sliding manner, a plurality of groups of dredging holes corresponding to the drain holes are formed in the separation plate, when the separation plate is assembled on the supporting seat, the separation plate slides in the chute and drives the dredging holes to coincide with the drain holes, when the separation plate is detached from the supporting seat, the separation plate slides in the chute and drives the dredging holes to be staggered with the drain holes, and the internal volume of the shell is equal to the volume of three seeds.
In order to provide limit fixing for the separating plate, further, a fixing hole is formed in the separating plate, a plug rod is fixedly connected to the supporting seat, a first groove is formed in the side wall of the plug rod, a clamping block is connected in a sliding mode in the first groove, a first spring is fixedly connected between the inner wall of the first groove and the side wall of the clamping block, and the clamping block is clamped on the upper side surface of the separating plate.
In order to play a role in limiting and guiding the separation plate, the first positioning rod is fixedly connected to the supporting seat, a positioning hole is formed in the separation plate, and the first positioning rod is inserted into the positioning hole.
In order to pull the baffle to slide in the spout, still further, still include slider, stay cord and set up cavity on the separator plate, slider sliding connection is in cavity, baffle and slider fixed connection, fixedly connected with spring two between cavity inside and the slider, fixedly connected with guide arm on the separator plate, fixedly connected with stopper on the guide arm, sliding connection has the slide on the guide arm, be equipped with the guiding hole on the separator plate, the guiding hole runs through cavity and separator plate's top in proper order, the stay cord slides in the guiding hole, its one end and slider fixed connection of stay cord, the other end and slide fixed connection, slide and locating lever one offset.
In order to air-dry the seed, can play and provide spacing fixedly to the division board, further, still include the support frame, fixedly connected with connecting rod on the support frame, the recess second has been seted up to the connecting rod lateral wall, sliding connection has the fixed block in the recess second, fixedly connected with spring third between fixed block and the recess second inner wall.
In order to accelerate the drying of seed, furthermore, the guide way has been seted up on the support frame, sliding connection has the connecting plate on the guide way, fixedly connected with locating lever two on the connecting plate, support frame lateral wall fixedly connected with installation shell, installation shell lateral wall fixedly connected with step motor, the fixed cam that has cup jointed on step motor's the output, the cam contacts with the connecting plate, fixedly connected with spring four between connecting plate and the installation shell bottom inner wall.
In order to play a role in solid-liquid separation, further, the outer walls of two sides of the separation box are fixedly connected with collecting shells, water seepage cloth is arranged in the collecting shells, a second pipeline is fixedly communicated with the bottoms of the collecting shells, and one end, far away from the collecting shells, of the second pipeline is fixedly communicated with the inner cavity of the water storage tank.
In order to continuously supply water to the inside of the separation tank, the water suction pump is fixedly arranged on the water storage tank, the input end of the water suction pump is fixedly communicated with the inner cavity of the water storage tank, and the output end of the water suction pump is fixedly communicated with the separation tank through a first pipeline.
In order to facilitate the water in the separation tank to be discharged back into the water storage tank, the first pipeline is fixedly communicated with a third pipeline, one end, far away from the first pipeline, of the third pipeline is fixedly communicated with the inner cavity of the water storage tank, and a valve switch is arranged on the third pipeline.
After the technical scheme is adopted, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, when the fermented melon pulp is poured into the separating box for flushing, the melon pulp and the seeds can be separated under the buoyancy action of the separating plate which is detachable in the separating box and the water rushing into the separating box, when the separating plate is detached from the separating box for removal, the plurality of groups of shells on the separating plate can be used for fishing and airing part of the seeds floating on the water surface in the separating box, then when the seeds are aired, the shells face downwards through overturning the separating plate, the effect of flattening and airing the seeds can be achieved, and the working efficiency of workers on airing the seeds is improved.
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid seed production apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a separation tank of a hybrid seed production apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a separator tank and a water storage tank of a hybrid seed production device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a separator plate structure of a hybrid seed production device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a separator plate of a hybrid seed production device according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a second cross-sectional view of a separator plate of the hybrid seed production apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of a separation plate and a support frame of a hybrid seed production device of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a support frame of a hybrid seed production device of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a support frame and mounting housing of a hybrid seed device of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of the portion A of FIG. 5 of a hybrid seed production device according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of the portion B in FIG. 9 of a hybrid seed production apparatus according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a separation box; 101. a sewage draining groove; 102. a water storage tank; 103. a water pump; 104. a first pipeline; 2. collecting the shell; 201. water seepage cloth; 202. a second pipeline; 3. a third pipeline; 301. a valve switch; 4. a support base; 401. a positioning rod I; 402. inserting a connecting rod; 403. a groove I; 404. a first spring; 405. a clamping block; 5. a separation plate; 501. a fixing hole; 502. positioning holes; 503. a separation hole; 504. a blow-down hole; 505. a housing; 6. a chute; 601. a partition plate; 602. a dredging hole; 603. a hollow cavity; 604. a slide block; 605. a second spring; 606. a guide rod; 607. a limiting block; 608. a slide plate; 609. a pull rope; 7. a support frame; 701. a connecting rod; 702. a second groove; 703. a third spring; 704. a fixed block; 8. a guide groove; 801. a connecting plate; 802. a positioning rod II; 803. a stepping motor; 804. a cam; 805. a spring IV; 806. and (5) mounting the shell.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and the following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1: referring to fig. 1, 4, 5, 6 and 10, a hybrid seed production apparatus includes a separation tank 1, and further includes: the water storage tank 102 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the separation tank 1, wherein a water suction pump 103 for supplying water into the separation tank 1 is arranged on the water storage tank 102, and a sewage draining groove 101 is formed in two sides of the separation tank 1; the support seat 4 is symmetrically and fixedly connected to the inner walls of the two sides of the separation box 1, the support seat 4 is detachably connected with the separation plate 5, a plurality of groups of pollution discharge holes 504 are formed in the separation plate 5, a plurality of groups of shells 505 are fixedly connected to the separation plate 5, the shells 505 correspond to the pollution discharge holes 504, a chute 6 penetrating through the pollution discharge holes 504 is formed in the separation plate 5, a plurality of groups of separation holes 503 are formed in the separation plate 5 and the shells 505, and the diameter of the separation holes 503 is smaller than the volume of seeds; the baffle 601 is slidably connected in the chute 6, wherein a plurality of groups of dredging holes 602 corresponding to the drain holes 504 are formed in the baffle 601, when the separating plate 5 is assembled on the supporting seat 4, the baffle 601 slides in the chute 6 and drives the dredging holes 602 to coincide with the drain holes 504, when the separating plate 5 is detached from the supporting seat 4, the baffle 601 slides in the chute 6 and drives the dredging holes 602 to be staggered with the drain holes 504, and the internal volume of the shell 505 is equal to the volume of three seeds.
The separating plate 5 is provided with a fixing hole 501, the supporting seat 4 is fixedly connected with a plugging rod 402, the side wall of the plugging rod 402 is provided with a first groove 403, a clamping block 405 is connected in a sliding manner in the first groove 403, a first spring 404 is fixedly connected between the inner wall of the first groove 403 and the side wall of the clamping block 405, and the clamping block 405 is clamped on the upper side surface of the separating plate 5.
The supporting seat 4 is fixedly connected with a first positioning rod 401, the separating plate 5 is provided with a positioning hole 502, and the first positioning rod 401 is inserted into the positioning hole 502.
The device further comprises a sliding block 604, a pull rope 609 and a hollow cavity 603 arranged on the separating plate 5, wherein the sliding block 604 is slidably connected in the hollow cavity 603, the partition 601 is fixedly connected with the sliding block 604, a second spring 605 is fixedly connected between the inside of the hollow cavity 603 and the sliding block 604, a guide rod 606 is fixedly connected to the separating plate 5, a limiting block 607 is fixedly connected to the guide rod 606, a slide plate 608 is slidably connected to the guide rod 606, a guide hole is formed in the separating plate 5, the guide hole sequentially penetrates through the hollow cavity 603 and the top of the separating plate 5, the pull rope 609 slides in the guide hole, one end of the pull rope 609 is fixedly connected with the sliding block 604, the other end of the pull rope 609 is fixedly connected with the slide plate 608, and the slide plate 608 abuts against the first positioning rod 401.
The water pump 103 is fixedly arranged on the water storage tank 102, the input end of the water pump 103 is fixedly communicated with the inner cavity of the water storage tank 102, and the output end of the water pump 103 is fixedly communicated with the separation tank 1 through a first pipeline 104.
When in use, seeds are washed after the seed melon is after being cooked in a shade for 5-7 days, the seed melon is cut during seed washing, then the seed melon pulp is put into a barrel, and fermented in the barrel at 15-20 ℃ for 3 days, so that the seed melon pulp is pasty after 3 days of fermentation, then a worker needs to take out the seed melon pulp fermented into pasty form from the barrel and pour the seed melon pulp into a separation box 1 to wash the seed melon pulp, then the worker can put a shell 505 on the separation plate 5 into the separation box 1 upwards through a handle fixedly connected with the upper side of the separation plate 5, and move the separation plate 5 downwards, when the separation plate 5 moves downwards for a certain distance, the first positioning rod 401 is inserted into the positioning hole 502, so that the separation plate 5 can play a role in limiting and guiding, then the separation plate 5 is continuously moved downwards, when the insertion rod 402 is inserted into the fixing hole 501, the clamping block 405 is extruded by the lower side of the separation plate 5 to retract into the first groove 403 and compress the first spring 404, when the first groove 403 moves out of the fixing hole 501, the separation plate 5 is attached to the supporting seat 4, so that a supporting effect can be provided for the separation plate 5, meanwhile, the compressed first spring 404 generates a pushing force, the clamping block 405 is pushed to move outwards the first groove 403 and clamped on the upper side surface of the separation plate 5, and therefore limiting and fixing can be provided for the separation plate 5;
meanwhile, the first positioning rod 401 inserted into the positioning hole 502 pushes the slide 608 to slide towards the side close to the limiting block 607, at the moment, the slide 608 pulls the slide 604 to slide in the hollow cavity 603 through the pull rope 609 and compresses the second spring 605, meanwhile, the slide 604 drives the partition 601 to slide in the chute 6, so that the dredging hole 602 on the partition 601 coincides with the pollution discharge hole 504, the shell 505 is opened, then the water suction pump 103 is started, water in the water storage tank 102 is pumped by the water suction pump 103 to be conveyed into the separation box 1 through the first pipeline 104, a one-way valve is arranged at the output end of the water suction pump 103, so that water conveyed into the separation box 1 can flush melon pulp, seeds are separated from the melon pulp in the flushing process, and the seeds float upwards under the action of water floatation force;
then when the water in the water storage tank 102 is discharged into the separating tank 1, the water level is higher than the lower side of the sewage draining tank 101, so that the separating plate 5 is submerged in the water, and then the seeds and the melon pulp floating upwards are contacted with the separating plate 5, so that the pasty melon pulp floats on the water surface through the separating holes 503, and the seeds are blocked at the lower side of the separating plate 5, meanwhile, the water in the separating tank 1 leaks outwards through the sewage draining tank 101, and then the melon pulp floating on the water surface can be discharged out of the separating tank 1 along with the water leaking outwards from the separating tank 1, and therefore, when the melon pulp is washed, the separation of the melon pulp and the seeds can be achieved, and meanwhile, a large amount of seeds blocked at the lower side of the separating plate 5 can follow the flow of the water flow, so that part of the seeds enter the shell 505 through the sewage draining holes 504 and the dredging holes 602;
then after washing melon pulp poured into the separating box 1 for a period of time, when the seeds separated from the melon pulp need to be dried, the water suction pump 103 is firstly closed, then a worker presses the clamping block 405 into the first groove 403, the clamping block 405 moves into the first groove 403 after being pressed, the first spring 404 is compressed until the clamping block 405 completely retracts into the first groove 403, further limiting fixation of the separating plate 5 is released, at the moment, the worker can remove the separating plate 5 which is released from the supporting seat 4 from the limiting fixation through the handle, simultaneously when the separating plate 5 is moved upwards, the first positioning rod 401 slowly moves out of the positioning hole 502, the compressed second spring 605 generates thrust, the slide block 604 slides in the hollow cavity 603, the baffle 601 slides in the slide groove 6, the dredging hole 602 on the baffle 601 is staggered with the drain hole 504 on the separating plate 5, the shell 505 is not only closed and sealed, but also the drying block 609 can take part of the seeds, the slide block 604 is driven to slide downwards on the slide rod 606 through the pull rope 608,
then, the separating plate 5 which is used for picking up part of seeds from the separating box 1 is moved to a airing point, then the separating plate 5 is turned over to enable the shell 505 to face downwards, the separating plate 5 is placed on an airing frame, water drops attached to the surfaces of the seeds are discharged out of the shell 505 through the separating holes 503, meanwhile, outside air can be blown into the shell 505 through the separating holes 503, so that the effect of flattening and airing the seeds can be achieved, then, a new separating plate 5 is assembled on the supporting seat 4, the operation steps of flushing melon pulp are repeated repeatedly, and after the melon pulp is flushed for a period of time, the separating plate 5 is removed from the supporting seat 4 and removed out of the separating box 1, and the effects of flushing the melon pulp and pulling up the seeds for flattening and airing can be achieved;
it should be noted that the partition 601 has already performed a sealing action on the casing 505 when the separating plate 5 detached from the supporting seat 4 is moved out of the separating box 1 by the worker by means of the handle so that the separating plate 5 is not yet floating out of the water, so that it is possible to prevent seeds from moving out of the casing 505 during the upward movement of the separating plate 5.
Example 2: referring to fig. 1 and 3, a hybrid seed production device is basically the same as that of embodiment 1, further, the outer walls of two sides of a separation box 1 are fixedly connected with a collection shell 2, a water seepage cloth 201 is arranged in the collection shell 2, a second pipeline 202 is fixedly communicated with the bottom of the collection shell 2, and one end, far away from the collection shell 2, of the second pipeline 202 is fixedly communicated with the inner cavity of a water storage tank 102; based on embodiment 1, when the inside water of separator 1 outwards leaks through blowdown groove 101, the melon pulp that floats on the surface of water can follow the water that leaks outside separator 1 and discharge separator 1 and then the outside water of separator 1 and melon pulp fall on the infiltration cloth 201 in collecting the shell 2 for the melon pulp that is pasty is blocked on infiltration cloth 201, and water passes infiltration cloth 201 and drip in collecting the shell 2, then the water that drips in collecting the shell 2 flows back into storage tank 102 through pipeline two 202, is equipped with the check valve on pipeline two 202, thereby plays the effect of solid-liquid separation to melon pulp and water, and can reach and filter cyclic utilization to water, reduced the waste of water resource.
Example 3: referring to fig. 1, a hybrid seed production device is substantially the same as that of embodiment 1, and further, a third pipeline 3 is fixedly connected to the first pipeline 104, one end of the third pipeline 3, far from the first pipeline 104, is fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the water tank 102, and a valve switch 301 is arranged on the third pipeline 3; when the water in the separation tank 1 needs to be discharged back into the water storage tank 102, a user can manually open the valve switch 301, so that the water in the separation tank 1 flows back into the water storage tank 102 through the first pipeline 104 and the third pipeline 3 in sequence, and the third pipeline 3 is provided with the one-way valve, thereby realizing the cyclic utilization of the water and reducing the waste of water resources.
Example 4: referring to fig. 7, 8, 9 and 11, unlike the embodiment 1, the hybrid seed production device further comprises a support frame 7, wherein a connecting rod 701 is fixedly connected to the support frame 7, a groove two 702 is formed on the side wall of the connecting rod 701, a fixing block 704 is slidably connected to the groove two 702, and a spring three 703 is fixedly connected between the fixing block 704 and the inner wall of the groove two 702.
The support frame 7 is provided with a guide groove 8, the guide groove 8 is connected with a connecting plate 801 in a sliding manner, the connecting plate 801 is fixedly connected with a second positioning rod 802, the side wall of the support frame 7 is fixedly connected with a mounting shell 806, the side wall of the mounting shell 806 is fixedly connected with a stepping motor 803, the output end of the stepping motor 803 is fixedly sleeved with a cam 804, the cam 804 is in contact with the connecting plate 801, and a spring IV 805 is fixedly connected between the connecting plate 801 and the inner wall of the bottom of the mounting shell 806.
Based on embodiment 1, when the separating plate 5 from which part of seeds are fished out from the separating box 1 is moved to the sunning point, the separating plate 5 is turned over firstly, so that the shell 505 faces downwards, then a worker can move the separating plate 5 to the position right below the connecting plate 801 through a handle, and move the separating plate 5 upwards, when the separating plate 5 moves upwards for a certain distance, the positioning rod II 802 is inserted into the positioning hole 502, so that the separating plate 5 can play a role of limiting and guiding, then the separating plate 5 is continuously moved upwards, when the connecting rod 701 is inserted into the fixing hole 501, the fixing block 704 is extruded by the lower side of the separating plate 5 to retract into the groove II 702, the spring III 703 is compressed, then when the groove II 702 moves out of the fixing hole 501, the separating plate 5 is attached to the supporting frame 7 and the connecting plate 801, and then the compressed spring III 703 generates thrust, and the fixing block 704 is pushed to move outwards of the groove II 702 and is clamped on the surface of the separating plate 5, so that limiting and fixing of the separating plate 5 can be achieved;
meanwhile, the second positioning rod 802 inserted into the positioning hole 502 pushes the slide 608 to slide towards the side close to the limiting block 607, at the moment, the slide 608 pulls the slide 604 to slide in the hollow cavity 603 through the pull rope 609 and compresses the second spring 605, and meanwhile, the slide 604 drives the partition 601 to slide in the chute 6, so that the dredging hole 602 on the partition 601 coincides with the pollution discharge hole 504, the shell 505 is opened, at the moment, seeds flattened in the shell 505 are exposed outside, and the airing effect on the seeds is improved;
then the stepping motor 803 can be started at regular time, the stepping motor 803 drives the cam 804 to rotate circumferentially, when the cam 804 is separated from the connecting plate 801, the compressed spring IV 805 generates thrust force to push the connecting plate 801 to drive the positioning rod II 802 to slide upwards under the limit guide of the guide groove 8, so that the positioning rod II 802 moves out of the positioning hole 502, the compressed spring II 605 generates thrust force to push the sliding block 604 to slide rapidly in the hollow cavity 603 and push the partition 601 to slide in the sliding groove 6, so that the dredging hole 602 on the partition 601 is staggered with the pollution discharge hole 504 on the separation plate 5, and then the shell 505 can be closed and sealed, meanwhile, when the dredging hole 602 on the partition 601 is staggered with the pollution discharge hole 504 on the separation plate 5, the partition 601 impacts the separation plate 5 in the sliding groove 6, so that the separation plate 5 generates oscillation under the impact of the partition 601, the seeds in the shell 505 are turned over, so that the airing effect on the seeds is further improved, the closed shell 505 can prevent the seeds from falling off the ground when being oscillated and turned over, meanwhile, the sliding block 604 drives the sliding plate 608 to slide on the guide rod 606 towards the separating plate 5 through the pull rope 609 and collide with the separating plate 5, the separating plate 5 oscillates under the impact of the sliding plate 608, the seeds in the shell 505 are more beneficial to turning over, when the cam 804 is propped against the connecting plate 801, the cam 804 pushes the connecting plate 801 to drive the positioning rod II 802 to slide downwards in the guide groove 8 and compress the spring IV 805, so that the positioning rod II 802 is spliced in the positioning hole 502, meanwhile, the positioning rod II 802 pushes the sliding plate 608 to slide towards the side close to the limiting block 607, and the sliding plate 608 pulls the sliding block 604 to slide in the hollow cavity 603 through the pull rope 609, and the second spring 605 is compressed, and meanwhile, the slide block 604 drives the partition board 601 to slide in the chute 6, so that the dredging holes 602 on the partition board 601 are overlapped with the pollution discharge holes 504, and then the shell 505 is opened, and the seeds horizontally spread in the shell 505 can be continuously dried.
Example 5: a cucumber hybridization seed production method mainly comprises the following steps: step one, seedling raising: (1) preparing a seedling raising shed: the seedling raising greenhouse is provided with a plug tray, and seedling raising matrixes in the plug tray are piled by the following raw materials: 1000 parts of matrix, 50 parts of decomposed manure and 2 parts of calcium superphosphate; (2) seed treatment: firstly, placing the seeds of the male parent plant and the female parent plant into warm water at 50-60 ℃ for soup soaking for 10-30 min, then cooling to 28-30 ℃ for soaking for 4-6 h, fishing out and draining, and accelerating germination at 28-32 ℃ for 24-36 h; (3) sowing: the male parent is planted in the last ten days of 3 months to 4 months, and is sowed in the last ten days of 4 months, and is generally 5 to 7 days earlier than the female parent, the planting density of the male parent can be the same as that of general production, early-stage shoveling can be enhanced for promoting early-stage development of the male parent, female flowers are removed in time for increasing the number of single flowers of the male parent, the female parent is planted in the last ten days of 4 months, high-furrow cultivation can be adopted for the seed production operation side, and the planting proportion of the male parent can be 1:8-10; (4) and (3) seedling stage management: the temperature of the seedling raising shed before seedling emergence is set to be 25-35 ℃, the temperature at night is set to be 15-20 ℃, the temperature at daytime of the seedling raising shed after seedling emergence is set to be 25 ℃, the temperature at night is set to be 15 ℃, the temperature at daytime of the seedling raising shed is set to be 20 ℃ during seedling hardening after 7 days of cooling and hardening before field planting, the temperature at night is set to be 15 ℃, and then watering is carried out according to the soil moisture content. Step two, soil preparation: deep turning of soil in the seedling raising shed is carried out 1 month before field planting, sufficient base fertilizer is applied, 1-2 days before field planting, and mulching film is covered after the planting holes are fully irrigated with bottom water. Step three, field planting: when cucumber seedlings grow to a two-leaf one-heart period, field planting is carried out in a seedling raising shed, other varieties are not planted in 500 m, the plant spacing is 40cm between every two rows of each ridge, the row spacing is 50cm, the seedling protection rate is 2000 plants/mu-2400 plants/mu, the male parent and the female parent are planted in two areas, and full watering and root fixing water is carried out once after field planting. Fourth, field management: (1) and Wen Guangguan: controlling the temperature at 25-30 ℃ in daytime and 12-13 ℃ at night; (2) disease control: the insect pest mainly comprises aphids, white flies and yellow tea mites, seedlings are planted for 3-4 days, 15% pyridazinone 2500 times liquid is used for preventing the yellow tea mites on a seedbed, the yellow tea mites are checked and treated for 1 time from bud appearance to fruiting period, the white flies adopt 25% of Alketi water dispersible granules, 2-3 g of the white flies are used for 30kg of water or the combination of penicillin spraying and yellow board trapping method, and the aphids can be prevented and treated by using the Shaoguanmycin; (3) and (3) plant adjustment: when the 4 th true leaf appears in the female parent plant, erecting or hanging a vine, removing side branches on the main vine of the female parent plant, pollinating female flowers above the 6 th section, if a plurality of female flowers appear on the same section, selecting and reserving 1 female flower, and removing other female flowers; when the main vines of the female parent plants grow to 15 th to 20 th sections, the main vines are picked, and 3 to 4 seed melons are reserved on each female parent plant; and spraying gibberellin water solution with the concentration of 300mg/L once when the male parent plants are from two leaves to four leaves. Step five, hybridization seed production: (1) checking the purity: checking the purity of the male parent and the female parent before pollination, and repeatedly carrying out impurity removal work in the whole growing season to ensure the purity of the parent; (2) seed production preparation work: removing all the opened male flowers and male buds on the female parent plant 1 day before pollination, and removing all the opened female flowers and the opened female flowers so that the opened male flowers are not seen in the female parent field; the picked flowers and buds are concentrated to be buried; in the afternoon of the first 1 day of pollination, pinching female buds with yellow corolla, which is about to be opened by female parents in the next early morning, with plastic clips, picking off the buds with yellow corolla, which is about to be opened by male parents in the next early morning, in the evening of the first 1 day of pollination, collecting wet towels on the inner cover of a plastic box, and placing the wet towels in a shade place; (3) pollination: and (3) at the beginning of 7-11 a.m., smearing the pollen of the male parent picked in S60201 on female flower heads of female parents, feeding 1 female pollen to 2-3 male flowers, clamping the female flowers by using clamps after pollination, tying a cotton rope on a melon handle for marking, removing the cotton rope after fertilization of the female flowers after 2-3 days, pollination of 4-5 female flowers on each female parent, selecting and reserving 3 pollinated fruits, and completely removing the non-pollinated female flowers and fruits. Step six, harvesting seed melon: harvesting when the seed melon and fruit skin is yellow, yellow-white or brown, and harvesting spring stubble of cucumber in 7 ten days above month for seed reserving; harvesting and reserving seeds in the autumn of the cucumber in the last 12 months; after harvesting seed melon, after-ripening for 5-7 days in shade, washing seed, cutting seed melon, placing melon pulp into a barrel, fermenting at 15-20deg.C for 3 days, using hybrid seed production device to make treatment, spreading seed in hybrid seed production device, airing until water content of seed is less than or equal to 10%, screening to remove impurity and unsaturated seed, and storing the screened seed in low-temperature drying place.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, although the present invention has been described in the preferred embodiments, and is not limited thereto.
Claims (10)
1. The cucumber hybridization seed production method is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps of:
step one, seedling raising:
(1) preparing a seedling raising shed:
the seedling raising greenhouse is provided with a plug tray, and seedling raising matrixes in the plug tray are piled by the following raw materials: 1000 parts of matrix, 50 parts of decomposed manure and 2 parts of calcium superphosphate;
(2) seed treatment:
firstly, placing seeds of male parent plants and female parent plants into warm water at 50-60 ℃ for soaking the seeds in warm water for 10-30 min, then cooling to 28-30 ℃ for soaking the seeds for 4-6 h, fishing out and draining, and accelerating germination at 28-32 ℃ for 24-36 h;
(3) sowing:
the male parent is planted in the last ten days of 3 months to 4 months and sowed in the last ten days of 4 months, and is generally 5 to 7 days earlier than the female parent, and the female parent is planted in the last ten days of 4 months, so that the high-furrow cultivation is adopted for seed production operation convenience, and the planting proportion of the male parent to the female parent is 1:8-10;
(4) and (3) seedling stage management:
the temperature of the seedling raising shed before seedling emergence is set to be 25-35 ℃, the temperature at night is set to be 15-20 ℃, the temperature at daytime of the seedling raising shed after seedling emergence is set to be 25 ℃, and the temperature at night is set to be 15 ℃;
step two, soil preparation:
deep-turning soil in the seedling raising shed 1 month before field planting, and applying sufficient base fertilizer;
step three, field planting:
when cucumber seedlings grow to a two-leaf one-heart period, planting in a seedling raising shed, and watering enough rooting water once after planting;
fourth, field management:
(1) and (3) warm light management;
(2) disease control;
(3) plant adjustment;
step five, hybridization seed production:
(1) checking the purity;
(2) preparing seed production;
(3) pollination;
step six, harvesting seed melon:
harvesting when the seed melon and fruit skin is yellow, yellow-white or brown, and harvesting spring stubble of cucumber in 7 ten days above month for seed reserving; harvesting and reserving seeds in the autumn of the cucumber in the last 12 months;
after picking seed melon, after-ripening for 5-7 days in shade, washing seed, cutting seed melon, putting melon pulp into barrel, fermenting at 15-20deg.C for 3 days, using hybrid seed production device to treat, spreading seed in hybrid seed production device, sun-drying until water content of seed is less than 10%, screening, removing impurity and unsaturated seed, and storing the screened seed in low-temperature drying place; the hybridization seed production device comprises a separation box (1), and further comprises: the water storage tank (102) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the separation tank (1), wherein a water suction pump (103) for supplying water into the separation tank (1) is arranged on the water storage tank (102), and a sewage draining groove (101) is formed in two sides of the separation tank (1); the support seat (4) is symmetrically and fixedly connected to the inner walls of the two sides of the separation box (1), the support seat (4) is detachably connected with the separation plate (5), a plurality of groups of pollution discharge holes (504) are formed in the separation plate (5), a plurality of groups of shells (505) are fixedly connected to the separation plate (5), the shells (505) correspond to the pollution discharge holes (504), a chute (6) penetrating through the pollution discharge holes (504) is formed in the separation plate (5), a plurality of groups of separation holes (503) are formed in the separation plate (5) and the shells (505), and the diameter of each separation hole (503) is smaller than the volume of seeds; baffle (601), sliding connection is in spout (6), wherein, set up multiunit and dredge hole (602) corresponding in hole (504) are dredged on baffle (601) when separator board (5) equipment is on supporting seat (4), baffle (601) slides in spout (6), and drive dredge hole (602) and hole (504) coincidence are dredged separator board (5) are detached from supporting seat (4), baffle (601) slides in spout (6), and drive dredge hole (602) are crisscross with hole (504), casing (505) internal volume equals the volume of three seed.
2. A hybrid seed production device for use in the cucumber hybrid seed production method as claimed in claim 1, comprising a separation tank (1), characterized by further comprising:
a water storage tank (102) fixedly connected to the bottom of the separation tank (1),
the water storage tank (102) is provided with a water suction pump (103) for supplying water into the separation tank (1), and both sides of the separation tank (1) are provided with sewage discharge tanks (101);
the supporting seats (4) are symmetrically and fixedly connected with the inner walls of the two sides of the separation box (1),
the separating device comprises a supporting seat (4), wherein a separating plate (5) is detachably connected to the supporting seat, a plurality of groups of sewage discharging holes (504) are formed in the separating plate (5), a plurality of groups of shells (505) are fixedly connected to the separating plate (5), the shells (505) correspond to the sewage discharging holes (504), a sliding groove (6) penetrating through the sewage discharging holes (504) is formed in the separating plate (5), a plurality of groups of separating holes (503) are formed in the separating plate (5) and the shells (505), and the diameter of each separating hole (503) is smaller than the volume of seeds;
a baffle plate (601) which is connected in the chute (6) in a sliding way,
wherein, set up multiunit and dredge hole (602) corresponding with blowdown hole (504) on baffle (601) when separator plate (5) are assembled on supporting seat (4), baffle (601) are slided in spout (6), and drive dredge hole (602) and blowdown hole (504) coincidence separator plate (5) are detached from supporting seat (4) time, baffle (601) are slided in spout (6), and drive dredge hole (602) and blowdown hole (504) are crisscross, casing (505) internal volume equals the volume of three seeds.
3. The hybrid seed production device according to claim 2, wherein the separation plate (5) is provided with a fixing hole (501), the support seat (4) is fixedly connected with a plugging rod (402), the side wall of the plugging rod (402) is provided with a groove I (403), a clamping block (405) is slidably connected in the groove I (403), a spring I (404) is fixedly connected between the inner wall of the groove I (403) and the side wall of the clamping block (405), and the clamping block (405) is clamped on the upper side surface of the separation plate (5).
4. The hybrid seed production device according to claim 3, wherein the first positioning rod (401) is fixedly connected to the supporting seat (4), the positioning hole (502) is formed in the separating plate (5), and the first positioning rod (401) is inserted into the positioning hole (502).
5. The hybrid seed production device according to claim 4, further comprising a sliding block (604), a pull rope (609), and a hollow cavity (603) formed on the separation plate (5), wherein the sliding block (604) is slidably connected in the hollow cavity (603), the partition plate (601) is fixedly connected with the sliding block (604), a spring II (605) is fixedly connected between the inside of the hollow cavity (603) and the sliding block (604), a guide rod (606) is fixedly connected on the separation plate (5), a limiting block (607) is fixedly connected on the guide rod (606), a slide plate (608) is slidably connected on the guide rod (606), a guide hole is formed in the separation plate (5), the guide hole sequentially penetrates through the tops of the hollow cavity (603) and the separation plate (5), the pull rope (609) slides in the guide hole, one end of the pull rope (609) is fixedly connected with the sliding block (604), the other end of the pull rope is fixedly connected with the slide plate (608), and the slide plate (608) abuts against the positioning rod I (401).
6. The hybrid seed production device according to claim 2, further comprising a support frame (7), wherein a connecting rod (701) is fixedly connected to the support frame (7), a groove two (702) is formed in the side wall of the connecting rod (701), a fixing block (704) is slidably connected to the groove two (702), and a spring three (703) is fixedly connected between the fixing block (704) and the inner wall of the groove two (702).
7. The hybrid seed production device according to claim 6, wherein the support frame (7) is provided with a guide groove (8), the guide groove (8) is connected with a connecting plate (801) in a sliding manner, the connecting plate (801) is fixedly connected with a positioning rod II (802), the side wall of the support frame (7) is fixedly connected with a mounting shell (806), the side wall of the mounting shell (806) is fixedly connected with a stepping motor (803), the output end of the stepping motor (803) is fixedly sleeved with a cam (804), the cam (804) is in contact with the connecting plate (801), and a spring IV (805) is fixedly connected between the connecting plate (801) and the inner wall of the bottom of the mounting shell (806).
8. The hybrid seed production device according to claim 2, wherein the outer walls of the two sides of the separation box (1) are fixedly connected with a collection shell (2), water seepage cloth (201) is arranged in the collection shell (2), a second pipeline (202) is fixedly communicated with the bottom of the collection shell (2), and one end, far away from the collection shell (2), of the second pipeline (202) is fixedly communicated with the inner cavity of the water storage tank (102).
9. The hybrid seed production device according to claim 8, wherein the water pump (103) is fixedly installed on the water storage tank (102), an input end of the water pump (103) is fixedly communicated with an inner cavity of the water storage tank (102), and an output end of the water pump (103) is fixedly communicated with the separation tank (1) through a first pipeline (104).
10. The hybrid seed production device according to claim 9, wherein a third pipeline (3) is fixedly connected to the first pipeline (104), one end of the third pipeline (3) away from the first pipeline (104) is fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the water storage tank (102), and a valve switch (301) is arranged on the third pipeline (3).
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| CN219741372U (en) * | 2023-05-06 | 2023-09-26 | 金昌市泽玉种业有限公司 | Corn seed cultivation frame |
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| NL7212749A (en) * | 1971-10-04 | 1973-04-06 | ||
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| JP2013247950A (en) * | 2012-02-13 | 2013-12-12 | Takamatsu Machinery Co Ltd | Shell cracking, separating and segregating device for fruit seed, and shell cracking apparatus |
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| CN117204337A (en) | 2023-12-12 |
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