CN1171874C - 蛋白质法尼基转移酶与HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂的组合及其治疗癌症的用途 - Google Patents
蛋白质法尼基转移酶与HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂的组合及其治疗癌症的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1171874C CN1171874C CNB99807649XA CN99807649A CN1171874C CN 1171874 C CN1171874 C CN 1171874C CN B99807649X A CNB99807649X A CN B99807649XA CN 99807649 A CN99807649 A CN 99807649A CN 1171874 C CN1171874 C CN 1171874C
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Abstract
本发明公开了蛋白质法尼基转移酶的抑制剂与HMG CoA还原酶的新的组合,及其制备方法和包含这种组合的药物组合物,这种组合可用于预防或治疗癌症、再狭窄、牛皮癣、子宫内膜异位、动脉粥样硬化或病毒感染。
Description
本发明涉及可用于药物领域以治疗、预防不可控制的或异常性人组织增生的化合物的组合。具体而言,本发明涉及下述化合物(1)与化合物(2)的组合,所述化合物(1)是一种抑制蛋白质法尼基转移酶(PFT)的化合物,已确定这种化合物可活化ras蛋白质,这种ras蛋白质会激活细胞分裂并与癌症和再狭窄相关;化合物(2)为抑制HMG CoA还原酶的化合物,它是法尼焦磷酸(FPP)生物合成中的必要成分,在通过PFT活化ras蛋白质时是必需的。
目前,人们已广泛研究了ras蛋白质(或p21),因为在20%的大多数类型的人体癌症和超过50%的结肠癌和胰腺癌中发现了其突变体形式(Gibbs J.B.,Cell,1991;65:1,Carwrjght T.等,Chimica.Oggi.,1992;10:26)。这些突变体ras蛋白质在存在于天然ras中的反馈调节能力方面存在缺陷,并且,这种缺陷与其致癌作用有关,这是因为,刺激正常的细胞分裂不可能受正常内源性调节辅因子的控制。近年来已发现,突变体的变形活性关键取决于翻译后修饰(Gibbs J.等,Microbiol Rev.,1989;53:171),这揭示出ras功能的一个重要方面,确定了癌症治疗的新前景。
除了癌症外,还有一些不可控制细胞增生的疾病,它们与天然ras蛋白质的过度表达和/或功能有关。手术后的血管再狭窄就是这样一种疾病。各种外科手术血管再造技术如隐静脉旁路移植、动脉内膜切除术和透照冠状的血管成形术常常会产生一些并发症,其原因就是不能控制新的内膜组织的生长,这被称之为再狭窄。再狭窄的生物化学的原因还不太清楚,只是已推断出很多的生长因子和原致癌基因(Naftilan A.J.等,Hypertension,1989;13:706和J.Clin.Invest.,83:1419;Gibbons G.H.等,Hypertension,1989;14:358;Satoh T.等,Molec.Cell.Biol.,1993;13:3706)。公知ras蛋白质与细胞分裂过程有关这一事实使其成为在许多细胞不可控制地分裂的情形下进行干预的候选对象。在对突变体ras相关的癌症进行直接模拟过程中,ras依赖过程的阻断有可能减少或消除与再狭窄有关的不适当的组织增生,特别是正常的ras表达和/或功能被生长刺激因子夸大的那些情形。
ras功能依赖于蛋白质的改性,从而与原生质膜的内表面产生联系。和其它与蛋白质相关的膜不同,ras蛋白质缺乏常规的跨膜或疏水的序列,其开始以细胞溶胶可溶的形式合成。ras蛋白质膜缔合是由一系列的翻译后加工步骤引起的,所述加工步骤由蛋白质法尼基转移酶(PFT)确认。这一共有序列是由位于来自羧基末端的四个氨基酸的半胱氨酸残基,两个亲水氨基酸和C-末端残基组成。半胱氨酸残基的巯基基团在用PFT催化的反应中被法尼焦磷酸(FPP)烷基化。在异戊烯基化后,C-末端的三个氨基酸被内切蛋白酶分裂,异戊烯基化的半胱氨酸新露出的α-羧基被甲基转移酶被甲基化。以法尼基化开始的ras蛋白质的酶处理能使蛋白质与细胞膜缔合。对致癌的ras蛋白质的突变分析表明,这些翻译后的修饰对于变形活性来说是必要的。用其它氨基酸代替共有序列半胱氨酸残基将使ras蛋白质不再能法尼基化,使细胞膜的移动失败,并缺乏刺激细胞增生的能力(Hancock J.F.等,Cell,1989;57:1617,Schafer W.R.等,Science,1989;245:379,Casey P.J.,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,1989;86:8323)。
近年来,已识别出PFT,并且,来自鼠脑的特定的PFT已被纯化至同种(Reiss Y.等,Bioch.Soc.Trans.,1992;20:487-88)。酶被表征为由α-亚单元(49kDa)和β-亚单元(46kDa)组成的异二聚物,上述两种亚单元均需要催化活性。另外,还完成了在杆状病毒体系中对哺乳动物PFT的高水平表达以及以活化形式的重组酶的纯化(ChenW.-J.等,J.Biol.Chem.,1993;268:9675)。
根据以上内容,致癌的ras蛋白质的功能关键取决于其翻译后加工这一发现提供了一种通过抑制加工酶来治疗癌症的手段。催化法尼基加成至ras蛋白质上的PFT的确认和分离为这种干预提供了寄予希望的目标。在最近的几篇文献中已表明法尼基转移酶抑制剂具有抗癌活性。
ras抑制剂通过法尼基转移酶进行作用,这种酶使ras基因的蛋白质产物指向细胞膜。在癌细胞内转导生长信号中的ras突变作用依赖于细胞膜中被法尼基转移酶抑制的蛋白质,ras蛋白质将停留在细胞溶胶中,不能够传送生长信号,这些事实在文献中均是公知的。
法尼基转移酶B956的肽模拟抑制剂和其甲基酯B1086以100mg/kg的剂量已显示出在裸鼠中抑制EJ-1人膀胱癌,HTIOSO人纤维肉瘤和人结肠癌异种皮移植的肿瘤生长(Nagasu,T.等,Cancer Res.,1995;55:53 10-5314)。进而,由B956抑制肿瘤生长也显示出与在肿瘤中ras翻译后加工的抑制的关系。其它的ras法尼基转移酶抑制剂已显示出特定的防止ras加工和膜定位,有效地逆转含突变ras细胞的变形的表型(Sepp-Lorenzino L.等,Cancer Res.,1995;55:5302-5309)。
在另一份报告(Sun J.等,Cancer Res.,1995;55:4243-4247)中,ras法尼基转移酶抑制剂ETI276已显示出在具有K-ras突变的人肺癌和p53缺失的裸鼠中选择性地阻断肿瘤生长。在另一份报告中,每日给药ras法尼基转移酶抑制剂L-744,832会使在ras致癌的小鼠中乳腺肿瘤和涎腺癌退化(Kohl等,Nature Med,1995;1(8):792-748)。因此,ras法尼基转移酶抑制剂对某些癌症是有益的,包括那些依赖于对其生长致癌的ras的癌症。但是,当在重要的基因中发生几种突变时,癌症经常会表现出来,其一种或多种可能对控制生长和转移肿瘤负责。单一的突变并不足以支持特定类型肿瘤的生长,仅仅在三种突变中的两种发生后,肿瘤才会引发并生长。因而,就难以确定这些突变中的那一种是造成特定类型肿瘤生长的主要原因。所以,ras法尼基转移酶抑制剂所具有的治疗实用性不单单取决于对其生长的ras致癌形式。例如,业已表明,各种ras法尼基转移酶抑制剂对于或者杂乱的或突变体的ras的肿瘤系具有体内抗增生作用(Sepp-Lorenzino,supra,1995)。此外,还有几种异戊烯基化的与ras相关的蛋白质。诸如R-Ras2/TC21的蛋白质是与ras相关的蛋白质,其被法尼基转移酶和香叶草基香叶草基转移酶I在体内异戊烯基化(Carboni等,Oncogene,1995;10:1905-1913)。因此,ras法尼基转移酶抑制剂也可阻断上述蛋白质的异戊烯基化反应,从而用于抑制由其它致癌基因引起的肿瘤的生长。
就再狭窄和血管增生性疾病来说,业已表明,细胞ras的抑制能够防止在体内血管损伤后平滑肌的增生(Indolfi C等,Nature Med,1995;1(6):541-545)。这一文献决定性地支持了法尼基转移酶抑制剂在这种疾病中的作用,显示出对血管平滑肌积聚和增生的抑制。
3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰基-辅酶A还原酶或HMG CoA还原酶(胆甾醇合成的甲羟戊酸途径的主要调节酶)已在实验模型中表明具有抗癌活性。另一研究还表明,洛伐他丁抑制HMG CoA还原酶可在肝细胞、胰腺和中枢神经系统肿瘤的动物模型中选择性地抑制体外肿瘤生长(Maltese等,J.Clin.Invest.,1985;76:1748-1754)。业已观察到,肿瘤细胞会由前体如甲羟戊酸合成大量的胆甾醇,其也会成为类异戊二烯部分的前体,而这种类异戊二烯部分会引入或连接至细胞生长和复制必要的几种分子中。更具体地说,这些药物抑制了HMG CoA还原酶,其速度限制了酶生产聚类异戊二烯和法尼焦磷酸前体。
根据如上所述,HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂是细胞生长和复制的重要因素这一发现提供了一种通过抑制这种酶而对癌症进行化学治疗的手段。对促进不可控制的细胞的生长和复制的HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂的确认和分离提供了对这种干预的有希望的目标。
本发明提供了抑制蛋白质法尼基转移酶(PFT)的化合物(1)和抑制HMG CoA还原酶的化合物(2)的组合。另一方面,本发明公开了一种药物组合物,其包含治疗有效量的上述新的组合和可药用载体。另一方面,本发明公开了采用所述药物组合物治疗癌症、再狭窄、牛皮癣、增生性心血管疾病等的方法。
在一个实施方案中,抑制PFT的化合物优选为那些在FPP-竞争性质中对PFT具有抑制活性和/或细胞可透过的化合物。
在另一个实施方案中,对PFT具有抑制活性的化合物为具有式I的化合物和其药用盐,酯,酰胺和前药,
其中
R21为氢或C1-C6烷基;
RQ为
n为0或1;
A为-CORa、-CO2Ra’、-CONHRa’、-C(O)SRa、-C(S)ORa’、CSRa、C(S)NHRa’、-SO2Ra、-CONRaRa″或-C(S)-NRaRa″;
Ra、Ra’和Ra″独立地为C1-C6烷基、-(CH2)m-环烷基、(CH2)m-芳基或-(CH2)m-杂芳基;
每一个m独立地为0-3;
R1、R2和R4独立地为氢或C1-C6烷基;
R3为
-(CH2)m-(被Rb取代的杂芳基)或C1-C6烷基;t为2-6;
Rb为-O-苯基、-O-苄基、卤素、C1-C6烷基、氢、-O-C1-C6烷基、-NH2、
-NHRa、NRaRa’、-C(O)C1-C6烷基、-C(O)-芳基、-OH、-CF3、-NO2、-C(O)OH、
-C(O)OC1-C6烷基、-CN、-OPO3H2、-CH2PO3H2、-C(O)O芳基、-N3、-CF2CF3、
-SO2Ra、SO2NRaRa’、-CHO、-OCOCH3、-O(CH2)m-杂芳基、-C(O)NRaRa’、
-NH-C(O)-Ra、-O-(CH2)yNRaRa’、-O-(CH2)m-环烷基、-(CH2)m-环烷基、
-O-(CH2)m-芳基、-(CH2)m-芳基或-(CH2)m-杂芳基;
y为2或3;
R5为
Ri、Rg和Rh独立地为氢、卤素、-OC1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷基、-CN、-OPO3H2、
-NH-C(O)-Ra、-CH2PO3H2、-O-苯基、-O-苄基、-NH2、-NHRa、
-O-(CH2)yNRaRa’、NRaRa’、-C(O)C1-C6烷基、-C(O)-芳基、-OH、-CF3、
-NO2、-C(O)OH、-C(O)OC1-C6烷基、-C(O)O芳基、-N3、-CF2CF3、-SO2Ra、
-SO2NRaRa’、-CHO或-OCOCH3;和
Rc、Rd、Re和Rf独立地为C1-C6烷基、-(CH2)m-苯基、氢、-(CH2)m-OH、(CH2)mNH2、-(CH2)m-环烷基或-CN。
在式I化合物的优选实施方案中,
R1为氢,R2为氢,R4为氢,R21为氢或CH3;和
A为
在式I化合物的另一个优选实施方案中,
R3为
或-CH2-CH(CH3)2
R1为氢,R2为氢,R4为氢和R21为氢或CH3。
在式I化合物的另一个优选实施方案中,
R5为
或
其中,Ri为氢、Cl、Br、F或NH2。
本发明还提供了式II的化合物和其药用盐、酯、酰胺和前药,
其中
R6为-O-苄基、-NH-苄基或-N(-OC1-C6烷基)-苄基;
R21为氢或甲基;
R7为氢或甲基;
R8为氢、卤素、C1-C6烷基、-O-苄基、-OC1-C6烷基、-CF3、-OH、-O-(CH2)m-吡啶基或苯基;
R10、R11、R13和R14独立地为氢、C1-C6烷基或-(CH2)m-苯基;
每一个m独立地为0-3;
R12为
或
和
Rj、Rk和Rl独立地为氢、卤素、-OC1-C6烷基、-C1-C6烷基、-NHRa或NH2。
在式II化合物的优选实施方案中,R11和R14为甲基。
在式II化合物的优选实施方案中,R8为甲基或甲氧基。
本发明还提供了式III的化合物和其可药用盐、酯、酰胺和前药
其中
X为NH、O或-N(CH3);
R15为-O-苄基、-CF3、氢、卤素、-OG1-C6烷基、苯基、-O-(CH2)m-吡啶基或-C1-C6烷基;
m为0-3;和
R16为苯基、氢或C1-C6烷基。
本发明还提供了式IV的化合物和其可药用盐、酯、酰胺和前药
其中
X为NH、O或N(CH3);
R15为-O-苄基、-CF3、氢、卤素、C1-C6烷基、-O-C1-C6烷基、苯基或
-O-(CH2)m-吡啶基;
R16和R16′为C1-C6烷基;m为0-3;和
R21为氢或甲基。
在另一个实施方案中,对PFT具有抑制活性的化合物为式V的化合物,和其可药用盐、酯、酰胺和前药
其中
RQ为
X为0或1;
R14为氢或C1-C6烷基;
A为-CORa、-CO2Ra’、-CONHRa’、-CSRa、-C(O)SRa、-C(S)NRaRa″、-C(S)ORa’、
-C(S)NHRa’、-SO2Ra或-CONRaRa″;
Ra、Ra和Ra″独立地为C1-C6烷基、-(CH2)m-环烷基、-(CH2)m-芳基或
-(CH2)m-杂芳基;
每一个m独立地为0-3;
R1、R2和R4独立地为氢或C1-C6烷基;
R3为
C1-C6烷基、C2-C6链烯基、-(CH2)m-杂芳基、-(CH2)m-萘基、-(CH2)m-(Rb取代的苯基)或-(CH2)m-(Rb取代的杂芳基);
t为2-6;
Rb为-O-苯基、-O-苄基、卤素、C1-C6烷基、氢、-OC1-C6烷基、-NH2、
-NHRa、-NRaRa’、-C(O)C1-C6烷基、-C(O)-芳基、-OH、-CF3、-NO2、-C(O)OH、
-C(O)OC1-C6烷基、-CN、-OPO3H2、-CH2PO3H2、-C(O)O芳基、-C(O)NH2、
-C(O)NHRa、-C(O)NRaRa’、-NHC(O)Ra、-O(CH2)yNRaRa′、-N3、-CF2CF3、-SO2Ra、~SO2NRaRa’、-CHO、-OCOCH3、-O(CH2)m-杂芳基、-O-(CH2)m-芳基、-O(CH2)m-环烷基、-(CH2)m-芳基、-(CH2)m-环烷基、-(CH2)m-杂芳基或-CH=CHC6H5;
y为2或3;
R5为
或
每一个n独立地为2、3或4;
Ri、Rg和Rh独立地为氢、卤素、-OC1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷基、-CN、-OPO3H2、-CH2PO3H2、-O-苯基、-O-苄基、-NH2、-NHRa、-NRaRa’、-C(O)C1-C6烷基、-C(O)-芳基、-C(O)NH2、-C(O)NHRa、-C(O)NRaRa’、-NHC(O)Ra、-O(CH2)yNRaRa’、-OH、-CF3、-NO2、-C(O)OH、-C(O)OC1-C6烷基、-C(O)O芳基、-N3、-CF2CF3、-SO2Ra、-SO2NRaRa’、-CHO或-OCOCH3;和Rc和Rd独立地为C1-C6烷基、-(CH2)m-环烷基或氢。
在式V的另一个优选实施方案中,R1为氢,R2为氢,R4为氢,R14为氢或甲基,和
A为
在式V化合物的另一个优选实施方案中,R3为
C1-C6烷基、C2-C6链烯基、-(CH2)m-(Rb取代的苯基)或-(CH2)m-(Rb取代的杂芳基)。R1为氢,R2为氢,R4为氢和R14为氢或甲基。
在式V化合物的另一个优选实施方案中,
R5为
或
在另一个实施方案中,对PFT具有抑制活性的化合物具有下式VI
其中
R6为-O-苄基、-NH-苄基、-N(C1-C6烷基)-苄基或-SCH2-苯基;
R8为氢、卤素、C1-C6烷基、-O-苄基、-OCH2-吡啶基、-OC1-C6烷基、-CF3、-OH或-苯基;
R10和R13独立地为氢或C1-C6烷基;
每一个n独立地为2、3或4;
R14为氢或甲基;
R12为
Rj、Rk和Rl独立地为氢、卤素、-NH2、NHRa、-OC1-C6烷基或-C1-C6烷基,和其可药用盐、酯、酰胺和前药。
在另一个实施方案中,对PFT具有抑制活性的化合物为下式VII的化合物,和其可药用盐、酯、酰胺和前药
其中
每一个n为2、3或4;
X为NH、O或-NCH3;
R15为-O-苄基、-CF3、氢、卤素、-OH、-苯基、-C1-C6烷基、-OCH2-吡啶基或-OC1-C6烷基。
在另一个实施方案中,对PFT具有抑制活性的化合物为下式VIII的化合物,和其可药用盐、酯、酰胺和前药
其中:
n为1或2;
A为COR2、CO2R2、CONHR2、CSR2、C(S)OR2、C(S)NHR2或SO2R2,R2如下定义;
R独立地为H或Me;
R2为烷基、(CH2)m-环烷基、(CH2)m-芳基、(CH2)m-杂芳基,m为0、1、2或3;
R3和R4独立地为
或(CH2)nCONH-R6,y为1-5,n如上定义,R5和R6如下定义或R3和R4结合在一起形成下述类型的环:
R5和R6如下定义,或为(CH2)x-R7,x为2-5和R7如下定义;
R5为R2、OR2或SR2,R2如下定义;
R6为(CH2)nR5、(CH2)nCO2R2、(CH2)nCONHR2、(CH2)nCONH(CH2)n+1R5、CH(COR8)(CH2)nR5,n、R2和R5如上定义,R8如上定义;
R7为(CH2)m-环烷基、(CH2)m-芳基、(CH2)m-杂芳基、O(CH2)m-环烷基、O(CH2)m-芳基、O(CH2)m-杂芳基,m为0、1、2或3;
R8为OH、O-烷基、NH2或NH-烷基;和
X为H、Me、(CH2)n-CO2R9或(CH2)nP(O)(OR9)2,R9为H或烷基。
在另一个实施方案中,对PFT具有抑制活性的化合物具有式IX和X,和其可药用盐、酯、酰胺和前药
其中:
A为CO2R2、CONHR2、C(S)OR2或C(S)NHR2,R2如下定义;
R为H或Me;
R2为烷基、(CH2)m-环烷基、(CH2)m-烷基、(CH2)m-杂芳基,m为0、1、2或3;
R5为(CH2)m-芳基、O-(CH2)m-芳基或O-(CH2)m-杂芳基,m如上定义;
R6为CH2-R5、CH2CO2R2、CH2CONHR2,n为1或2,R5和R2如上定义;X为H或Me。
在式IX和X化合物的优选实施方案中,
A为CO2R2或CONHR2,R2如下定义;
R为H;
R2为烷基或(CH2)m-芳基,m为0、1、2或3;
R5为(CH2)m-芳基或O-(CH2)m-芳基,m如上定义;
R6为CH2-R5或CH2CONHR2,n为1或2,R5和R2如上定义;和
X为H或Me。
作为PTE抑制剂的本发明的化合物及其制备方法在共同未决的US专利申请60/033,662和60/056,831(分别于1996年12月17日和1997年8月22日申请)和US专利5,571,792(1996年11月5日授权)中有述。包含于上述申请和专利中的信息引入本文作为参考。
抑制HMG CoA还原酶的化合物在现有技术中是公知的。本发明的HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂包括但不限于下述化合物:洛伐他丁、普伐他丁、阿托伐他丁、维洛他丁(velostatin)、西伐他丁等。
另一方面,本发明提供了一种药学上可接受的组合物,其包含式I、II、III、IV、V、VI、VII、VIII、IX和/或X的化合物与HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂的组合。
本发明还提供了一种治疗或预防再狭窄的方法,该方法包括向患有再狭窄或可能患有再狭窄的患者给药治疗有效量的式I、II、III、IV、V、VI、VII、VIII、IX和/或X的化合物与HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂的组合。
本发明还提供了一种治疗癌症的方法,该方法包括向患有癌症的患者给予治疗有效量的式I、II、III、IV、V、VI、VII、VIII、IX和/或X的化合物与作为HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂的化合物的组合。
本发明还提供了一种治疗牛皮癣的方法,该方法包括向患有牛皮癣的患者给予治疗有效量的式I、II、III、IV、V、VI、VII、VIII、IX和/或X的化合物与作为HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂的化合物的组合。
本发明还提供了一种治疗病毒性感染的方法,该方法包括向患有病毒性感染的患者给予治疗有效量的式I、II、III、IV、V、VI、VII、VIII、IX和/或X的化合物与作为HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂的化合物的组合。
在更优选的实施方案中,所述的癌症为肺癌、结肠癌、乳腺癌、胰腺癌、甲状腺癌或膀胱癌。
式I、II、III、IV、V、VI、VII、VIII、IX和/或X的化合物为:(S)-[1-[(4-苄氧基-苄基)-(苯乙基-氨基甲酰基-甲基)氨基甲酰基]-2-(3H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-[1-[[2-苄氧基-乙基氨基甲酰基]-甲基]-[4-氯苄基]-氨基甲酰基]-2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-[1-[(4-苄氧基-苄基)-[(2-苯基-丙基-氨基甲酰基)甲基]-氨基甲酰基]-2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-(1-[(4-苄氧基-苄基)-[(2,2-二苯基-乙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基]-2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-N-(4-苄氧基-苄基)-2-(3-苄基-脲基)-3-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-N-[(2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-丙酰胺;
(S)-[1-{联苯基-4-基甲基-[(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-[1-{联苯基-4-基甲基-[(2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-[1-(4-苄氧基-苄基)-{[2-(2-氟-苯基)-乙基氨基甲酰基]-甲基}-氨基甲酰基]-2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-[1-{(4-苄氧基-苄基)-[(2-吡啶-2-基-乙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-[1-(4-苄氧基-苄基)-{[2-(2-溴-苯基)-乙基氨基甲酰基]-甲基}-氨基甲酰基)-2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-[1-{(4-苄氧基-苄基)-[(1-甲基-2-苯基-乙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-[1-{(4-苄氧基-苄基)-[(2-苯基-2-吡啶-2-基-乙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-[1-{(4-氯-苄基)-[(2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]氨基甲酰基}-2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-[1-{(4-苄氧基-苄基)-[(2-苯基-丁基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-N-(4-苄氧基-苄基)-3-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-2-(3-苯基丙酰氨基)-N-[(2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-丙酰胺;
(S)-[1-{(4-氟-苄基)-[(2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-(2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-1-((4-甲基-苄基)-[(2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-乙基-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-(2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-1-{(4-甲氧基-苄基)-[(2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-乙基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-(1-({[2-(2-氨基-苯基)-丙基氨基甲酰基]-甲基}-(4-苄氧基-苄基)-氨基甲酰基]-2-(3H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-(1-{(4-氟-苄基)-[(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-2-(1H-咪唑A-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-[1-{苄基-[(2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-2-(IH-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-[1-((4-苄氧基-苄基)-{(2-(2-氯-苯基)-2-苯基-乙基氨基甲酰基]-甲基}-氨基甲酰基)-2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-[1-{(4-苄氧基-苄基)-[(2-乙基-2-苯基-丁基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-2-(3H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-N-(4-苄氧基-苄基)-2-(3-苄基-脲基)-3-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-N-[(2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-丙酰胺;
(S)-N-(4-苄氧基-苄基)-2-(3-苄基-脲基)-3-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-N-((2-苯基-丁基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-丙酰胺;
(S)-[1-{(2-氯-苄基)-[(2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-[1-{(4-溴-苄基)-[(2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]氨基甲酰基}-2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-[1-{(3-氯-苄基)-[(2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)甲基]氨基甲酰基}-2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-[1-{(4-氯-苄基)-[(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-[1-((4-苄氧基-苄基)-{[2-(2-氯-苯基)-丙基氨基甲酰基]-甲基}-氨基甲酰基)-2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-(2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-1-{(2-甲氧基-苄基)-[(2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-乙基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-(2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-1-{[(2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)甲基]-[4-(吡啶-4-基甲氧基)-苄基]-氨基甲酰基}-乙基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-2-(1H-咪唑-基)-1-{(3-甲氧基-苄基)-[(2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-乙基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-(2-1H-咪唑-4-基)-1-{[(2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-[4-(吡啶-3-基甲氧基)-苄基]-氨基甲酰基}-乙基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S-2-1H-咪唑-4-基)-1-{萘-1-基甲基-[(2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-乙基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-{2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-1-[[(2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-(4-三氟甲基-苄基)-氨基甲酰基]-乙基}-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-(2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-1-{[(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-吡啶-3-基甲基-氨基甲酰基}-乙基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-(2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-1-{[(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-[4-(吡啶-2-基甲氧基)-苄基]-氨基甲酰基}-乙基-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-[1-{苄基-[(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]氨基甲酰基}-2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-(2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-1-{(2-甲基-苄基)-[(2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基)-氨基甲酰基}-乙基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-(2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-1-{(4-甲氧基-苄基)-[(2-甲基-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-乙基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-(1-{(4-苄氧基-苄基)-[(2-氰基-2-苯基-乙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-(2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-1-{[(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基)-吡啶-2-基甲基-氨基甲酰基}-乙基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-(2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-1-{(3-甲基-苄基)-((2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-乙基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-[1-{(4-二甲基氨基-苄基)-[(2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-(2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-1-{[(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-(4-(吡啶-4-基甲氧基)-苄基]-氨基甲酰基}-乙基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-1-{[(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-[4-(吡啶-3-基甲氧基)-苄基]-氨基甲酰基}-乙基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(2-(1-H-咪唑-4-基)-1-{异丁基-[(2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-乙基-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-[1-{(4-苄氧基-苄基)-[(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-2-(3H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-2-(3-苄基-3-甲基-脲基)-N-(4-苄氧基-苄基)-3-(1H-咪唑-基-4-基)-N-[(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-丙酰胺;
(S)-[1-{(4-苄氧基-苄基)-[(2-羟基-2-苯基-乙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-2-(3H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-1-{(4-甲氧基-苄基)-[(2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-乙基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-[1-((4-苄氧基-苄基)-{[2-(2-氯-苯基)-乙基氨基甲酰基]-甲基}-氨基甲酰基)-2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-[1-{(4-苄氧基-苄基)-[(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-2-(1H-咪唑-基)-乙基]氨基甲酸噻吩-3-基甲基酯;
(S)-[1-{(4-氯-苄基)-[1-(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-乙基]-氨基甲酰基}-2-(3H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-(2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-1-{(4-甲基-苄基)-[(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-乙基-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-(2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-1-{(2-甲氧基-苄基)-((2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-乙基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-2-(3-苄基-3-甲基-脲基)-N-(4-氯-苄基)-3-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-N-[(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-丙酰胺;
(S)-(2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-1-{(3-甲氧基-苄基)-[(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-乙基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-(2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-1-{[(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-[2-(吡啶-4-基甲氧基)-苄基]-氨基甲酰基}-乙基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-[1-{环己基甲基-[(2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-2-(3H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-(1-{(4-苄氧基-苄基)-[(2-苯基-戊基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-2-(3H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-(1-{[2-(4-苄氧基-苯基)-乙基]-[(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-2-(3H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-(2-(3H-咪唑-4-基)-1-{[2-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-乙基]-{(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-乙基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-[1-[{[2-(2-氨基-苯基)-乙基氨基甲酰基]-甲基}-(4-苄氧基-苄基)-氨基甲酰基]-2-(3H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-1-{异丁基-[(2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-乙基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-[1-{(4-苄氧基-苄基)-[(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-2-(3H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-甲基-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-[1-{(4-苄氧基-苄基)-[(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-2-(3-甲基-3H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-[1-{(4-苄氧基-苄基)-[(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-2-(1-甲基-1H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-[1-{(4-苄氧基-苄基)-[(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-2-(3H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸呋喃-2-基甲基酯;
(S)-[1-{(4-苄氧基-苄基)-[(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-2-(3H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸噻吩-2-基甲基酯;
(S)-[1-{(4-苄氧基-苄基)-[(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-2-(3H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸吡啶-3-基甲基酯;
(S)-[1-{(4-苄氧基-苄基)-[(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-2-(3H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸-1H-咪唑-4-基甲基酯;
(S)-2-(3-苄基-脲基)-N-(4-氯-苄基)-3-(3H-咪唑-4-基)-N-[(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-丙酰胺;
(S)-[1-{(4-苄氧基-苄基)-[(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-2-(3H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸-4-甲氧基-苄基酯;
(S)-2-(3-苄基-硫脲基)-3-(3H-咪唑-4-基)-N-(4-甲基苄基)-N-[(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-丙酰胺;
(S)-2-乙酰氨基-N-(4-苄氧基-苄基)-3-(3H-咪唑-4-基)-N-[(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-丙酰胺;
(S)-(2-(3H-咪唑-4-基)-1-{[(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-吡啶-4-基甲基氨基甲酰基}-乙基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-{2-(3H-咪唑-4-基)-1-[(4-碘-苄基)-(苯乙基氨基甲酰基-甲基)-氨基甲酰基]-乙基}-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-(1-{(4-氨基-苄基)-[(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-2-(3H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-[1-{(4-乙氧基-苄基)-((2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基)-氨基甲酰基}2-(3H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-[1-{[4-(2-二甲基氨基-乙氧基)-苄基]-[(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-2-(3H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-1-{异丁基-[(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基-氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-乙基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-[1-((4-苄氧基-苄基){[(1-苯基-环丁基甲基)氨基甲酰基]-甲基}-氨基甲酰基)-2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-[1-((4-苄氧基-苄基)-{[(1-苯基-环丙基甲基)氨基甲酰基)-甲基}-氨基甲酰基)-2(1H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-[1-((4-苄氧基-苄基)-{[(1-苯基-环戊基甲基)氨基甲酰基]-甲基}-氨基甲酰基)-2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-[1-((4-苯基-苄基)-{[(1-苯基-环丁基甲基)氨基甲酰基]-甲基}-氨基甲酰基)-2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-[1-((4-甲氧基-苄基)-{[(1-苯基-环丁基甲基)氨基甲酰基]-甲基}-氨基甲酰基)-2-(1H-咪唑4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-[1-((4-甲基-苄基)-{[(1-苯基-环丁基甲基)氨基甲酰基]-甲基}-氨基甲酰基)-2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-N-(4-苄氧基-苄基)-2-(3-苄基-脲基)-3-(1H-咪唑4-基)-N-{[(1-苯基-环丁基甲基)-氨基甲酰基)-甲基}-丙酰胺;
(S)-2-(3-苄基-3-甲基-脲基)-N-(4-苄氧基-苄基)-3-(1H-咪唑4-基)-N-{([1-苯基-环丁基甲基]-氨基甲酰基)-甲基}-丙酰胺;
(S)-[1((4-苄氧基-苄基)-{[(1-苯基-环丁基甲基)氨基甲酰基]-甲基}-氨基甲酰基)-2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-硫代氨基甲酸S-苄基酯;
(S)-(2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-1-{{[(1-苯基-环丁基甲基)氨基甲酰基]-甲基}-[4-(吡啶-2-基-甲氧基)-苄基]-氨基甲酰基}-乙基)氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-(1((环己基-甲基)-{[(1-苯基-环丁基甲基)-氨基甲酰基]-甲基}-氨基甲酰基)-2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基)-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
(S)-(1-((异丁基)-{[(1-苯基-环丁基甲基)-氨基甲酰基]甲基}-氨基甲酰基)-2-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯;
N-[(苯基甲氧基)-氨基甲酰基)-L-组氨酰基-N-[2-(苯基甲氧基)乙基]-N2-[[4-(苯基甲氧基)苯基]甲基]甘氨酰胺;
N-[(苯基甲氧基)羰基]-L-组氨酰基-N2-[(1,1′-联苯基)-4-基甲基]-N-[2-(苯基甲氧基)乙基]甘氨酰胺;
N-[N-(N-((苯基甲氧基)-羰基]-L-组氨酰基]-N-[[4-(苯基甲氧基)苯基]甲基]甘氨酰基]甘氨酸苯基甲基酯;
N-[(苯基甲氧基)羰基]-L-组氨酰基-N-(4-苯基丁基)-N2-[[4-(苯基甲氧基)苯基]甲基]甘氨酰胺;
N-[(苯基甲氧基)羰基]-L-组氨酰基-N-(3-苯氧基丙基)-N2-[[4-(苯基甲氧基)苯基]甲基]甘氨酰胺;
(S)-[1-(1H-咪唑-3-基甲基)-2-氧代-2-[[2-(苯基甲氧基)-乙基][4-(苯基甲氧基)苯基]甲基]氨基]乙基]氨基甲酸,苯基甲基酯;或
[1-(1H-咪唑-4-基甲基)-2-氧代-2-(1,2,3,4-四氢-7-(苯基甲氧基)-3-[(2-(苯基甲氧基)乙基)氨基]羰基]-2-异喹啉基]乙基]氨基甲酸,苯基甲基酯。
本发明提供了一种抑制蛋白质法尼基转移酶(PFT)的化合物(1)与抑制HMG CoA还原酶的组合。
尽管不受任何理论的限制,但据信,使对PFT具有抑制活性的式I、II、III、IV、V、VI、VII、VIII、IX和/或X的化合物和对HMG CoA还原酶具有抑制活性的化合物进行组合可达到产生协同治疗作用。如前所述,由PFT产生的活化的ras致癌基因的法尼基化是其致癌基因功能的关键步骤。业已发现,某些PFT抑制剂可以FPP-竞争方式抑制PFT。由于HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂如洛伐他丁可还原细胞性FPP郁滞,HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂则可改善这些FPP-竞争性抑制剂的活性。
FPP的合成取决于HMG CoA还原酶的酶活性。据信,HMG CoA还原酶的抑制剂将会降低FPP的利用性,对PFT的必要底物会导致不可控制的细胞生长和再生。因而,FPP-竞争性PFT和HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂的组合就对以不可控制细胞生长和再生为特征的疾病具有作用,所述疾病例如癌症、再狭窄和增生性血管疾病。
抑制HMG CoA还原酶的化合物是现有技术中公知的。本发明的HMGCoA还原酶抑制剂包括但不限于下述化合物:洛伐他丁、普伐他丁、维洛他丁(velostatin)、阿托伐他丁、西洛代他丁(cerivastatin)、西伐他丁等。
在一个实施方案中,抑制PFT的化合物为那些以FPP-依赖方式抑制PFT的化合物,和/或细胞可透过的化合物。在优选的实施方案中,抑制PFT的化合物为在本发明的概述中提出的那些化合物。
术语“烷基”是指具有1-6个碳原子的直链或支链的烃基,例如,甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、正己基等。
术语“环烷基”是指包含3-7个碳原子的饱和烃环,例如,环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、金刚烷基等。
术语“芳基”是指芳环,其为苯基、5-芴基、1-萘基或2-萘基,可被选自下述的1-3个取代基取代或未被取代:烷基、O-烷基和S-烷基、OH、SH、F、Cl、Br、I、CF3、NO2、NH2、NHCH3、N(CH3)2、NHCO-烷基、(CH2)mCO2H、(CH2)mCO2-烷基、(CH2)mSO3H、(CH2)mPO3H2、(CH2)mPO3(烷基)2、(CH2)mSO2NH2和(CH2)mSO2NH-烷基,其中,烷基如上定义,m为0、1、2或3。
术语“杂芳基”是指杂芳环基,其为2-或3-噻吩基、2-或3-呋喃基、2-或3-吡咯基、2-、3-或4-吡啶基、咪唑基、2-、3-、4-、5-、6-或7-吲哚氧基,它们可被选自如上对芳基的1个或2个取代基取代或未取代。
符号“-”代表键。
术语“患者”是指包括人在内的所有动物。患者的实例包括人、牛、狗、猫、山羊、羊和猪。
“治疗有效量”是指在本发明中所提出的任一种组合当给药于患者时能够改善包括病毒性感染、再狭窄、癌症、动脉粥样硬化、牛皮癣、子宫内膜异位在内的疾病病症或预防再狭窄或动脉粥样硬化的用量。本发明PFT和HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂组合的治疗有效量易于由本领域的技术人员通过给药一定量的化合物于患者并观察结果而确定。此外,本领域的技术人员还熟悉如何确定患有癌症、病毒性感染、再狭窄、动脉粥样硬化、牛皮癣、子宫内膜异位的患者或可能患上再狭窄或动脉粥样硬化的患者。
术语“癌症”包括但不限于下述癌症:
乳腺癌;卵巢癌;子宫颈癌;前列腺癌;睾丸癌;食道癌;成胶质细胞瘤;成神经细胞瘤;胃癌;皮肤癌,角化棘皮瘤;肺癌,表皮样瘤癌,大细胞癌,腺癌;骨癌;结肠癌,腺癌,腺瘤;胰腺癌,腺癌:甲状腺囊癌,尚未显出差别的癌,乳头癌;精原细胞瘤;黑瘤;肉瘤;膀胱癌;肝癌和胆道癌;肾癌;骨髓疾病;淋巴疾病,霍季森氏病,多毛的细胞;口腔和咽(口内)癌,唇癌,舌癌,嘴癌,咽癌;小肠癌;结肠-直肠癌,大肠癌,直肠癌;脑和中枢神经系统癌和白血病。
本文中术语“可药用盐、酯、酰胺和前药”是指本发明化合物的羧酸盐、氨基酸加成盐、酯、酰胺和前药,在合理的医学判断中,它们适用于与患者的组织接触而不会产生过度的毒性、刺激性、过敏反应等,与合理的功效/危险比相称,可有效地用于打算使用的用途,在可能的情形下,包括本发明化合物的两性离子形式。术语“盐”是指本发明化合物的相对无毒的无机酸和有机酸加成盐。这些盐可在最后分离和纯化化合物期间就地制备,或者通过使纯化后的化合物以其游离碱形式与适宜的有机或无机酸反应,再分离形成的盐来制备。代表性的盐包括:氢溴酸盐、盐酸盐、硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、硝酸盐、乙酸盐、草酸盐、戊酸盐、油酸盐、棕榈酸盐、硬脂酸盐、月桂酸盐、硼酸盐、苯甲酸盐、乳酸盐、磷酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐、柠檬酸盐、马来酸盐、富马酸盐、琥珀酸盐、酒石酸盐、萘甲磺酸盐、葡庚糖酸盐、乳糖酸盐和月桂基磺酸盐等。这些盐可包含基于碱金属和碱土金属的阳离子,如钠、锂、钾、钙、镁等,以及无毒的铵、季铵和胺阳离子,包括但不限于:铵、四甲基铵、四乙基铵、甲基胺、二甲基胺、三甲基胺、三乙基胺、乙基胺等。(例如参见,S.M.Berge等,“PharmaceuticalSalts”J.Pharm.Sci.,1977;66:1-19,该文献引入本文作为参考)。
本发明化合物的可药用无毒酯的实例包括:C1-C6烷基酯,其中,烷基为直链或支链。可接受的酯也包括C5-C7环烷基酯以及芳烷基酯,例如包括但不限于苄基酯。优选C1-C4烷基酯。本发明的化合物的酯可按照常规方法制备。
本发明化合物的可药用无毒酰胺的实例包括由氨、伯C1-C6烷基胺和仲C1-C6二烷基胺得到的酰胺,其中,烷基为直链或支链烷基。在仲胺的情形下,胺也可为含1个氮原子的5-或6-元杂环。优选由氨、C1-C3烷基伯胺和C1-C2二烷基仲胺得到的酰胺。本发明化合物的酰胺可按照常规方法制备。
术语“前药”是指那些例如能通过在血液中水解迅速在体内转化成上式的母化合物的化合物。有下述文献中有对相关内容的详细描述:T.Higuchi和V.Stella,“作为新的传送体系的前药”,A.C.S.14卷,专题论文集系列,在药物设计中的生物可逆性载体,Edward B.Roche,American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press,1987,这两篇文献均引入本文作为参考。
本发明化合物的组合可单独给药于患者,或者作为包含其它成分如赋形剂、稀释剂和载体的组合物给药于患者,这些均是在本领域中公知的。组合成组合物可通过下述方式给药于人和动物:口服给药、直肠给药、非肠道给药(静脉内、肌内或皮下)、脑池内给药、阴道内给药、腹膜内给药、膀胱内给药、局部给药(粉剂、软膏剂或滴剂)或者颊或鼻喷剂。
适用于非肠道注射的组合物可包含生理学可接受的无菌水溶液或非水溶液、分散液、悬浮液或乳液以及用于复配成无菌注射溶液或分散液的无菌粉末。适宜的含水和非水载体、稀释剂、溶剂或赋形剂的实例包括:水、乙醇、多元醇(丙二醇、聚乙二醇、甘油等)、CremophorEL(由蓖麻油和环氧乙烷得到的;商购自Sigma Chemical Co.,St.Louis,MO)和其适宜的混合物,植物油(如橄榄油)和注射有机酯如油酸乙酯。例如可通过采用包衣如卵磷脂,通过保持在分散体中所需的粒径以及使用表面活性剂,保持适宜的流动性。
这些组合物也可包含助剂如防腐剂、润湿剂、乳化剂和分散剂。通过各种抗菌剂和抗真菌剂如对羟基苯甲酸酯、氯代丁醇、苯酚、山梨酸等可确保防止微生物的作用。也希望包含等渗试剂如糖、氯化钠等。注射药物形式的延长吸收可使用延长吸收的试剂如单硬脂酸镁和明胶来完成。
口服给药的固体剂型包括胶囊、片剂、丸剂、粉剂和颗粒剂。在这些固体剂型中,活性化合物与至少一种常规采用的惰性赋形剂(或载体)如柠檬酸钠或磷酸二钙进行混合,或者与下述成分混合:(a)填充剂或膨胀剂如淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇和硅酸;(b)粘合剂,如羧甲基纤维素、藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、蔗糖和阿拉伯胶;(c)湿润剂,如甘油;(d)崩解剂,如琼脂、碳酸钙、马铃薯或木薯淀粉、藻酸、一些复合硅酸盐和碳酸钠;(e)阻滞剂溶液,如石蜡;(f)吸收促进剂,如季铵化合物;(g)润湿剂,如鲸蜡醇和甘油单硬脂酸酯;(Ii)吸附剂如高岭土和膨润土;和(i)润滑剂,如滑石、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、固体聚乙二醇、十二烷基硫酸钠或其混合物。胶囊、片剂和丸剂也可包含缓冲剂。
类似类型的固体组合物也可采用诸如乳糖以及高分子量的聚乙二醇赋形剂作为填充剂用于软和硬填充明胶胶囊中。
固体剂型如片剂、糖衣丸、胶囊、丸剂和颗粒剂可通过包衣和壳如肠衣以及其它本领域中公知的技术制得。它们也可包含遮光剂,并可使这种组合物在肠道的某一部分内以延缓的方式释放活性化合物。可采用的包埋组合物的实例为高分子物质和蜡。如果需要的话,活性化合物也可为微胶囊形式,含有一种或多种上述的赋形剂。
用于口服给药的液体剂型包括可药用乳液、溶液、悬浮液、糖浆和酏剂。除了活性化合物外,溶液剂型可包含现有技术中常规采用的惰性稀释剂,如水或其它溶剂、增溶剂和乳化剂,例如,乙醇、异丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、苄醇、苯甲酸苄酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、二甲基甲酰胺、油,特别是棉籽油、花生油、玉米胚油、橄榄油、蓖麻油或芝麻油,甘油、四氢化糠醇、Cremophor EL(蓖麻油与环氧乙烷的衍生物;商购自Sigma Chemicai Co.,St.Louis,MO)、聚乙二醇和脱水山梨醇的脂肪酸酯,或这些物质的混合物。
除了这些惰性稀释剂外,组合物也可包含助剂,如润湿剂、乳化剂和悬浮剂、甜味剂、矫味剂和香味剂。
除上活性化合物外,悬浮液可包含悬浮剂,例如,乙氧基化的异硬脂醇、聚氧乙烯山梨醇和脱水山梨醇酯、微晶纤维素、偏氢氧化铝(aluminum metahydroxide)、膨润土、琼脂和黄蓍胶,以及这些物质的混合物。
用于直肠给药的组合物优选为栓剂,其可通过将本发明的化合物与适宜的非刺激性赋形剂或载体如椰子油、聚乙二醇或栓剂用蜡混合来制备,这种栓剂在常温下为固体,但在体温下为液体,因而,其可在直肠内或阴道内熔化,并释放出活性成分。
用于局部给药本发明化合物的剂型包括软膏剂、粉剂、喷雾剂和吸入剂。活性成分在无菌条件下与生理学上可接受的载体以及防腐剂、缓冲剂或必要时采用的推进剂混合。眼制剂、眼药膏、粉剂和溶液也均在本发明的范围之内。
上述用于与如前所述的HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂进行组合的法尼基蛋白质转移酶化合物以文献“Physicians’Desk Reference”(PDR)第47版(1993)(该文献引入本文作为参考)所指示的治疗用量使用,或者这种治疗用量是现有技术中普通技术人员公知的。
所述组合可以推荐的最大临床剂量或较低的剂量给药。在本发明组合物中活性化合物的剂量水平可进行变化以获得所需的治疗响应,其取决于给药方式、疾病的严重程度以及患者的反应。如何确定不同患者的最佳剂量值是本领域的技术人员公知的。
本发明化合物的组合可以下述剂量范围给药,即每天约0.01至约2000mg的PFT抑制剂和每天约0.1至约500mg的HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂。但具体采用的剂量可以改变。
包含于本发明组合中的化合物因其存在不对称中心可以不同的立体异构形式存在。化合物的所有立体异构形式以及其混合物,包括外消旋混合物均构成本发明的一部分。
此外,本发明的组合物的化合物也可以非溶剂化及其与可药用溶剂如水、乙醇等的溶剂化形式存在。通常,就本发明的用途而言,溶剂化形式被认为是与非溶剂化形式等价。
以下给出的实施例用于说明本发明的具体实施方案,但并非对本发明保持范围的限制。
实施例
实施例1
进行增生实验以确定以各种浓度的法尼基蛋白质转移酶与洛伐他丁组合对一系列癌细胞系的毒性。进行该实验还用来确定法尼基蛋白质转移酶单独使用时与组合使用的毒性并进行比较。
实验
以各种初始浓度在24-或12-孔平皿中建立细胞系(Panc-1,结肠,HT-29结肠,H460肺,H-ras NIH 3T3成纤维细胞,P388IADR白血病和P388/S白血病)。立即处理悬浮的细胞;使结合的单层细胞在处理前结合24小时。在一系列实验中用洛伐他丁和溶剂(DMSO)对细胞进行处理;在另一系列实验中,用洛伐他丁、溶剂(DMSO)和法尼基转移酶抑制剂(S)-[1-{(4-苄氧基-苄基)-[(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-2-(3H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯(化合物A)的组合进行处理;在第三系列的细胞仅用法尼基转移酶抑制剂处理。在处理72小时后,用温的(37℃)胰蛋白质酶-EDTA(0.5mL,1-2分钟)进行胰蛋白质酶作用,搅拌,再用0.5mL的温(37℃)介质拯救,然后用9mL的Isoton(等渗盐水)稀释至最终体积为10mL,然后在Coulter细胞计数器上对0.5mL进行计数。
以IC50值收集的数据(在该浓度下,细胞的生长相对于用溶剂(DMSO)处理的对照样减少50%)列于表1。单独采用洛伐他丁的数据相对于DMSO-处理的对照样;组合处理的数据相对于仅用PFT抑制剂处理的样品。
表1
细胞系 IC50值(μM)
仅用洛伐他丁 伐他丁+PD 169451
(10μM)
P388/S 4.0 0.28
P388/ADR 10.7 1.7
Panc-1 18.8 15.4
结肠26 1.2 <0.3
HT-29结肠 11.4 2.6
H460肺 5.5 0.95
H-ras NIN 3T3成纤维细胞 17.4 1.3a
a1μm化合物A
数据表明,PFT抑制剂与洛伐他丁的组合是一种癌细胞生长的有价值的抑制剂,可用于组织增生性疾病,包括癌症和再狭窄的药物治疗。通过将细胞系暴露于洛伐他丁与PFT抑制剂而非单独暴露细胞系于洛伐他丁或PFT抑制剂可达到在细胞生长中的协同减少。
Claims (16)
1.式I的化合物及其可药用盐、酰胺或酯与洛伐他丁或阿托伐他丁的组合物,
其中
R21为氢或CH3;
RQ为
n为0或1;
A为
或
R1、R2和R4独立地为氢;
R3为
-(CH2)m-杂芳基,
-(CH2)m-(被Rb取代的杂芳基)或C1-C6烷基;
t为2-6;
Rb为-O-苯基、-O-苄基、卤素、C1-C6烷基、氢、-O-C1-C6烷基、-NH2、-NHRa、NRaRa′、-C(O)C1-C6烷基、-C(O)-芳基、-OH、-CF3、-NO2、-C(O)OH、-C(O)OC1-C6烷基、-CN、-OPO3H2、-CH2PO3H2、-C(O)O芳基、-N3、-CF2CF3、-SO2Ra、SO2NRaRa′、-CHO、-OCOCH3、-O(CH2)m-杂芳基、-C(O)NRaRa′、-NH-C(O)-Ra、-O-(CH2)yNRaRa′、-O-(CH2)m-环烷基、-(CH2)m-环烷基、-O-(CH2)m-芳基、-(CH2)m-芳基或-(CH2)m-杂芳基;
其中Ra,Ra′独立地选自C1-C6烷基,-(CH2)m-环烷基,-(CH2)m-芳基或-(CH2)m-杂芳基;
每个m独立地选自0-3的整数;
y为2或3;
R5为
Ri、Rg和Rh独立地为氢、卤素、-OC1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷基、-CN、-OPO3H2、-NH-C(O)-Ra、-CH2PO3H2、-O-苯基、-O-苄基、-NH2、-NHRa、-O-(CH2)yNRaRa′、NRaRa′、-C(O)C1-C6烷基、-C(O)-芳基、-OH、-CF3、-NO2、-C(O)OH、-C(O)OC1-C6烷基、-C(O)O芳基、-N3、-CF2CF3、-SO2Ra、-SO2NRaRa′、-CHO或-OCOCH3,其中Ra,Ra′定义同上;和Rc、Rd、Re和Rf独立地为C1-C6烷基、-(CH2)m-苯基、氢、-(CH2)m-OH、(CH2)mNH2、-(CH2)m-C3-C7环烷基或-CN,其中m的定义同上,
其中的芳基是指苯基、5-芴基、1-萘基或2-萘基,可被选自下述的1-3个取代基取代或未被取代:烷基、O-烷基和S-烷基、OH、SH、F、Cl、Br、I、CF3、NO2、NH2、NHCH3、N(CH3)2、NHCO-烷基、(CH2)mCO2H、(CH2)mCO2-烷基、(CH2)mSO3H、(CH2)mPO3H2、(CH2)mPO3(烷基)2、(CH2)mSO2NH2和(CH2)mSO2NH-烷基,其中,烷基如上定义,m为0、1、2或3,
杂芳基是指2-或3-噻吩基、2-或3-呋喃基、2-或3-吡咯基、2-、3-或4-吡啶基、咪唑基、2-、3-、4-、5-、6-或7-吲哚氧基,它们可被选自如上对芳基的1个或2个取代基取代或未取代。
2.根据权利要求1的组合物,其中
R3为
或
-CH2-CH(CH3)2、
其中Rb和m的定义同权利要求1,并且
R1为氢,R2为氢,R4为氢和R21为氢或CH3。
4.式II的化合物及其可药用盐、酰胺或酯与洛伐他丁或阿托伐他丁的组合物,
其中
R6为-O-苄基、-NH-苄基或-N(-OC1-C6烷基)-苄基;
R21为氢或甲基;
R7为氢或甲基;
R8为氢、卤素、C1-C6烷基、-O-苄基、-OC1-C6烷基、-CF3、-OH、-O-(CH2)m-吡啶基或苯基;
R10、R11、R13和R14独立地为氢、C1-C6烷基或-(CH2)m-苯基;
每一个m独立地为0-3;
R12为
Rj、Rk和Rl独立地为氢、卤素、-OC1-C6烷基、-C1-C6烷基、-NHRa或NH2,其中Ra为C1-C6烷基,-(CH2)m-环烷基,-(CH2)m-芳基或-(CH2)m-杂芳基,其中芳基、杂芳基以及m定义同权利要求1。
5.根据权利要求4的组合物,其中,R11和R14为甲基。
6.根据权利要求4的组合物,其中,R8为甲基或甲氧基。
8.权利要求1的组合物用于制备治疗或预防再狭窄的药物的用途。
9.权利要求1的组合物用于制备治疗癌症的药物的用途。
10.根据权利要求9的用途,其中,所述的癌症为肺癌、结肠癌、乳腺癌、胰腺癌、甲状腺癌或膀胱癌。
11.权利要求1的组合物用于制备治疗病毒性感染的药物的用途。
12.权利要求1的组合物用于制备治疗牛皮癣的药物的用途。
13.根据权利要求1的组合物,其中,式I化合物与洛伐他丁组合。
14.根据权利要求1的组合物,其中,式I化合物与阿托伐他丁组合。
15.根据权利要求13的组合物,其中,式I化合物为(S)-[1-{(4-苄氧基-苄基)-[(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-2-(3H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯。
16.根据权利要求14的组合物,其中,式I化合物为(S)-[1-{(4-苄氧基-苄基)-[(2-甲基-2-苯基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-2-(3H-咪唑-4-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸苄基酯。
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BG105003A (en) | 2001-07-31 |
BR9911785A (pt) | 2001-04-03 |
SK16742000A3 (sk) | 2001-07-10 |
GEP20032996B (en) | 2003-06-25 |
CA2331295A1 (en) | 1999-11-18 |
WO1999058505A2 (en) | 1999-11-18 |
HK1038355A1 (en) | 2002-03-15 |
AU3979299A (en) | 1999-11-29 |
KR20010043529A (ko) | 2001-05-25 |
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OA11551A (en) | 2004-05-24 |
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WO1999058505A3 (en) | 2000-01-06 |
HUP0102322A2 (hu) | 2001-11-28 |
HRP20000771A2 (en) | 2001-06-30 |
CN1306515A (zh) | 2001-08-01 |
US6492410B1 (en) | 2002-12-10 |
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AU758891B2 (en) | 2003-04-03 |
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