CN117126790B - 一种普利茅斯沙雷氏菌及抑制玉米赤霉烯酮的应用 - Google Patents
一种普利茅斯沙雷氏菌及抑制玉米赤霉烯酮的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种普利茅斯沙雷氏菌及抑制玉米赤霉烯酮的应用,属于微生物菌剂技术领域,本发明筛选的普利茅斯沙雷氏菌的分类命名为普利茅斯沙雷氏菌Serratia plymuthica,保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,地址为中国.武汉.武汉大学,保藏日期为2023年8月10日,保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M20231410,所述普利茅斯沙雷氏菌能够抑制玉米穗粒腐菌生长和玉米穗粒腐菌孢子的产生,对玉米穗粒腐菌的抑菌率能够达到64.21%,还能够直接降解玉米穗粒腐菌中的玉米赤霉烯酮。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及微生物菌剂技术领域,具体涉及一种普利茅斯沙雷氏菌及抑制玉米赤霉烯酮的应用。
背景技术
玉米穗粒腐病菌主要危害玉米的果穗,一般从果穗的顶部或基部发病,造成大片或者整个果穗腐烂。病穗的苞叶与果穗粘结在一起,之间生有一层淡紫色至浅粉红色的霉层,果穗顶部变为粉红色,籽粒间生有红色至灰白色菌丝。穗粒腐病毒不仅造成玉米产量损失,也会在玉米籽粒中产生多种毒素,包括玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)、伏马毒素等。
玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN),又称 F-2 毒素,普通存在于植物体内,谷物及农副产品中均能检测到,玉米赤霉烯酮是由多种镰刀菌(Fusarium spp.)产生的一种雌激素类霉菌毒素,对健康和农业发展造成严重危害。最近有研究表明,玉米赤霉烯酮具有遗传毒性、免疫毒性,对肿瘤发生也有一定的影响。
生物降解法是一种利用微生物吸附和降解玉米赤霉烯酮的脱毒方法,具有安全环保、高效、特异性强和脱毒率高的特性,且不影响谷物的营养价值,已成为玉米赤霉烯酮降解研究的热点。目前已发现能够实现玉米赤霉烯酮脱毒的微生物包括芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、假单胞菌、不动杆菌等细菌类及曲霉菌、粉红螺旋聚孢霉、酵母菌等真菌类。
普利茅斯沙雷氏菌(Serratia plymuthica),革兰氏阴性,沙雷氏属(Serratia)。在营养琼脂牛肉胨固体 (NA)培养基上,脐状凸起,圆菌落,表面光滑,奶油色。在 NA 液体培养基里,振荡后高度混浊,伴絮状沉淀,表面无膜。
普利茅斯沙雷氏菌(Serratia plymuthica),可产生多种细胞壁降解酶、硝吡咯菌素(pyrrolnitrin, PRN)、植物生长素和多种活性因子。王凯,黄曲霉生防菌的筛选鉴定及高效菌株JPP1的生防机制. 2013.06,哈尔滨工业大学,博士学位论文中报道:从花生中筛选分离获得JPP1菌株(粘质沙雷氏菌S. marcescens),产生几丁质酶调控aflR调节基因转录受到抑制,抑制了参与AF合成的aflC和aflO相关途径基因的表达,进而抑制了黄曲霉毒素的产生。郭志青,微生物抑制层生镰刀菌及降解伏马毒素B1机制研究.2018.09,中国农业科学院烟草研究所,博士后研究工作报告中报道:研究筛选出粘质沙雷氏菌SerEW0l对产毒镰刀菌孢子萌发、菌丝生长具有明显的抑制作用,SerEW0l发酵浓度对伏马毒素B1合成相关基因的转录、表达有抑制作用从而抑制毒素的产生。马金秀,西瓜枯萎病生防菌的筛选及防治效果研究. 2022.06,兰州交通大学,硕士学位论文中报道:从青海省三江源地区土壤中筛选出生防菌株普城沙雷氏菌MM防治西瓜枯萎病(尖孢镰刀菌(F. oxysporum f. sp.niveum)),防效达74.55%。
目前,普利茅斯沙雷氏菌主要作为生防菌用于农业生产,可以防治由镰刀菌引起的枯萎病、根腐病等,但是普利茅斯沙雷氏菌作为玉米赤霉烯酮的生物降解菌研究的还有待开发利用。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足,本发明提供了一种普利茅斯沙雷氏菌及抑制玉米赤霉烯酮的应用,实现以下发明目的:
筛选一种普利茅斯沙雷氏菌,能够抑制玉米穗粒腐菌生长和玉米穗粒腐菌孢子的产生,还能够直接降解玉米穗粒腐菌中的玉米赤霉烯酮。
为解决以上技术问题,本发明采取的技术方案如下:
一种普利茅斯沙雷氏菌,分类命名为普利茅斯沙雷氏菌Serratia plymuthica,保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,地址为中国.武汉.武汉大学,保藏日期为2023年8月10日,保藏编号为CCTCC NO: M20231410。
所述普利茅斯沙雷氏菌,菌落为脐状凸起,圆菌落,表面光滑,奶油色,革兰氏染色呈阴性,菌体为短杆状或球状,呈堆排列。
一种前述的普利茅斯沙雷氏菌在抑制玉米赤霉烯酮的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明的普利茅斯沙雷氏菌ZJ-48,能够有效抑制玉米穗粒腐菌生长,对玉米穗粒腐菌的抑菌率能够达到64.21%;
(2)本发明的普利茅斯沙雷氏菌ZJ-48,能够有效抑制玉米穗粒腐菌孢子的产生,在将本发明的普利茅斯沙雷氏菌ZJ-48与玉米穗粒腐菌混合1-9d后,分生孢子数始终为0个/mL;
(3)本发明的普利茅斯沙雷氏菌ZJ-48,能够对玉米穗粒腐菌中的玉米赤霉烯酮进行直接降解,在将本发明的普利茅斯沙雷氏菌ZJ-48与玉米穗粒腐菌混合1d后,对玉米赤霉烯酮的抑制率能够达到8.39%;混合2d后,对玉米赤霉烯酮的抑制率能够达到19.73%;混合3d后,对玉米赤霉烯酮的抑制率能够达到43.26%;混合4d后,对玉米赤霉烯酮的抑制率能够达到55.79%;混合5d后,对玉米赤霉烯酮的抑制率能够达到69.60%;混合6d后,对玉米赤霉烯酮的抑制率能够达到77.22%;混合7d后,对玉米赤霉烯酮的抑制率能够达到85.91%;混合8d后,对玉米赤霉烯酮的抑制率能够达到86.34%;混合9d后,对玉米赤霉烯酮的抑制率能够达到84.71%。
附图说明
图1为实施例2中ZJ-48菌液和空白对照对玉米穗粒腐菌菌丝生长的抑制效果图;
图2为实施例4中ZJ-48菌液和空白对照对玉米穗粒腐菌孢子生长的抑制效果图。
具体实施方式
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和效果有更加清楚的理解,现说明本发明的具体实施方式。
实施例1 ZJ-48菌株的获得
本实施例的普利茅斯沙雷氏菌(菌株ZJ-48)是从中国西藏自治区山南市的藏鸡场采集的鸡粪中分离获得的,具体的分离方法如下:
1.鸡粪采集:从中国西藏自治区山南市的藏鸡场中随机采集3份新鲜的鸡粪样品;
2.培养基配制:配制NA培养基,制作培养基平板;
3.分离、纯化:
(1)每个样品取1g,然后向每个样品中加入10mL无菌水,摇床充分震荡得悬浮液(28℃、120rpm、30min);
(2)吸取100μL,利用涂布器涂在固体NA培养基(蛋白胨10.0g、牛肉浸粉5.0g、氯化钠5.0g、琼脂15.0g)平板中,于37℃下恒温培养24h;
(3)选取典型菌落(菌落为脐状凸起,圆菌落,表面光滑,奶油色),用接菌环挑取菌落在固体NA培养基划线,于37℃下恒温培养24h,继续选取菌落,逐次划线,获得6个纯培养菌株,分别为菌株ZJ-42、菌株ZJ-43、菌株ZJ-44、菌株ZJ-45、菌株ZJ-46、菌株ZJ-48。
实施例2 菌株对玉米穗粒腐菌菌丝的生长抑制试验
1.玉米穗粒腐菌分离纯化:选择具有典型症状(整个或部分果穗或个别籽粒腐烂,其上可见各色霉层,严重时,穗轴或整穗腐烂)的玉米穗粒腐样品,挑取菌丝,接入PDA培养基,每皿4块,28℃恒温箱中培养观察;
待菌丝萌发后,选典型菌落转接3次,7d后用内径为0.5cm的打孔器从菌落边缘打取菌饼,转接于PDA平板纯化培养,标记为YUFU-02,将PDA平板上菌丝生长密集、菌落规则、无污染的菌株保存在1.8mL离心管中,4℃冰箱保存;
玉米穗粒腐病菌在PDA培养基上的气生菌丝生长旺盛、棉絮状,初为白色,渐变土黄色,培养基质色素为苋菜红色至棕红色;分生孢子镰刀形,形态学鉴定为镰刀菌。
2.接种:分别将实施例1得到的纯培养菌株ZJ-42、ZJ-43、ZJ-44、ZJ-45、ZJ-46、ZJ-48利用牙签蘸取菌落放入NA液体培养基,摇床充分震荡得悬浮液(28℃、120rpm、24h)。利用紫外分光光度计600nm波长处的吸光值(OD600)测量ZJ-42、ZJ-43、ZJ-44、ZJ-45、ZJ-46、ZJ-48培养液的浓度,细菌数均为107个/mL,将得到的ZJ-42、ZJ-43、ZJ-44、ZJ-45、ZJ-46、ZJ-48培养液作为ZJ-42、ZJ-43、ZJ-44、ZJ-45、ZJ-46、ZJ-48菌液,进行后续的抑菌测试;
准备7个PDA平板培养基,分别在每个PDA平板培养基上利用十字法打孔,打四个孔,控制中心点到孔的距离为2.5cm,分别在PDA平板培养基的中心接种玉米穗粒腐菌YUFU-02菌饼(0.5cm),然后分别在其中6个PDA平板培养基的四个孔内接种ZJ-42、ZJ-43、ZJ-44、ZJ-45、ZJ-46、ZJ-48菌液,另外1个PDA平板培养基不接种菌液作为空白对照,做3次重复试验,取平均值;
3.结果统计:3d后,采用十字交叉法测定菌液对峙培养的玉米穗粒腐菌YUFU-02的生长情况,得到的抑菌率结果见表1所示,由表1可以看出,ZJ-48菌液对玉米穗粒腐菌YUFU-02的抑菌率最高,抑菌率>60%;
3d后ZJ-48菌液和空白对照对玉米穗粒腐菌菌丝生长的抑制效果图见图1所示,由图1可以看出,ZJ-48菌液可以有效抑制YUFU-02的菌丝生长。
表1 菌液对玉米穗粒腐菌YUFU-02的抑菌率
实施例3 菌株ZJ-48的形态学及16S rDNA鉴定
利用革兰氏染色法对菌株ZJ-48进行形态学鉴定:
1.革兰氏染色:用接种环沾取无菌水于洁净载玻片上,取疑似菌落的新鲜培养物少许,制成均匀涂片,自然或稍温,再通过火焰干燥固定。
2.染色
(1)初染:滴加结晶紫染色液,染色1min,水洗;
(2)媒染:滴加革兰氏碘液,媒染1min,水洗;
(3)脱色:将脱色酒精滴满整个涂片,立即倾去,再用脱色酒精滴满整个涂片,脱色10s至流出液无色,水洗;
(4)复染:滴加沙黄复染液,复染1min,水洗,待干,镜检(油镜)。
结果:显微镜下观察菌株ZJ-48为革兰氏阴性,菌体为短杆状或球状,呈堆排列。
16S rDNA序列分析鉴定:以提取的菌株基因组DNA为模板,用27F(序列如SEQ IDNO.1所示)和1492R(序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示)为引物,进行PCR扩增,PCR扩增反应条件为:95℃预变性5min;95℃变性30s,54℃退火30s,72℃延伸1min,共35个循环;72℃终延伸10min。
PCR产物使用1.0%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳法来检测,根据Marker的相对位置初步判断待测目的片段的大小,PCR扩增获得的DNA片段长度在750-1500bp之间,16S rDNA序列如SEQID NO.3所示,与细菌16S rDNA的目的片段长度相似,将扩增的 PCR 产物送华大基因公司进行 DNA 序列的测定,将确定的碱基序列在 GenBank 中进行BLAST 比对。
通过与Serratia plymuthica基因序列(ON337524.1、KR054980.1、KX394779.1、MK883169.1)比对,同源性>99.8%,可以鉴定菌株ZJ-48为普利茅斯沙雷氏菌(Serratiaplymuthica)。
本发明筛选的菌株ZJ-48,分类命名为普利茅斯沙雷氏菌Serratia plymuthica,保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,地址为中国.武汉.武汉大学,保藏日期为2023年8月10日,保藏编号为CCTCC NO: M20231410。
实施例4 菌株ZJ-48对玉米穗粒腐菌孢子的生长抑制试验
1.制备PDA液体培养基:取2个PDA液体培养基,其中一个作为处理培养基,另一个作为对照培养基,在处理培养基中加入100μL实施例2得到的ZJ-48菌液和1个YUFU-02菌饼得到处理样品液,对照培养基中加入1个实施例2得到的YUFU-02菌饼得到对照样品液,将处理样品液与对照样品液置于28℃下振荡培养,每间隔24h 取样,连续取样9d。
2.结果统计:采用血球计数法记录并计算2个处理中YUFU-02的孢子个数,将盖玻片盖在血球计数板计数室上,用移液器吸取充分振荡混匀的样品液,滴加在盖玻片的边缘上,让菌液由盖玻片与计数板的缝隙间渗入计数室,静置片刻,待菌体自然沉降并稳定后开始计数,做2次平行实验,每次实验做3个重复,取平均值。
9d后,ZJ-48菌液和空白对照对玉米穗粒腐菌孢子生长的抑制效果图见图2所示;采用血球计数法记录1-9d后各处理中YUFU-02孢子个数,记录结果见表2,通过表2可以看出未加ZJ-48菌液的YUFU-02菌随着振荡培养时间的延长,分生孢子数逐渐增加,但ZJ-48菌液处理后的YUFU-02菌的孢子数量为0,抑制率达到了100%,说明菌株ZJ-48可以有效抑制玉米穗粒腐菌YUFU-02孢子的产生。
表2 ZJ-48菌液对玉米穗粒腐菌YUFU-02孢子产生的抑制结果
实施例5 菌株ZJ-48对玉米赤霉烯酮的降解试验
利用玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)快速检测卡(武汉观锐生物科技有限公司)检测实施例4第1步中得到的进行振荡培养前的处理样品液与对照样品液中ZEN含量。
1.取样检测:分别利用移液器量取100μL处理样品液与对照样品液,并分别加入100μL提取液(无水乙醇:蒸馏水=1:1),得到样品混合液和对照混合液,分别高速涡旋3min,4000rpm离心3min;测试前将所使用的检测卡和待检样品恢复至室温;取出检测卡,用移液器吸取处理好的样品混合液和对照混合液各50μL,垂直加入加样孔中;将检测卡置于免疫定量速测仪(提前15min打开),选择“孵育检测”,选择稀释基数为1,仪器自动设置10min后读取定量结果。
2.结果与分析:
利用玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)快速检测卡检测样品混合液和对照混合液中ZEN含量,检测结果见表3,通过表3发现未加ZJ-48菌液的YUFU-02菌随着振荡培养时间的延长,ZEN产生量逐渐增加,但ZJ-48菌液处理后ZEN量逐渐减少,7d时含量最低,之后ZEN含量逐渐平稳,说明菌株ZJ-48可以有效抑制降低玉米穗粒腐菌YUFU-02中ZEN产生。
表3 ZJ-48菌液对玉米穗粒腐菌YUFU-02中ZEN的抑制结果
由实施例2-5可以看出,普利茅斯沙雷氏菌ZJ-48能够抑制YUFU-02菌的菌丝生长、孢子产生以及对玉米赤霉烯酮进行直接降解。
除非另有说明,本发明中所采用的百分数均为质量百分数。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (2)
1. 一株普利茅斯沙雷氏菌ZJ-48,其特征在于,分类命名为普利茅斯沙雷氏菌Serratia plymuthica,保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏日期为2023年8月10日,保藏编号为CCTCC NO: M20231410。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的普利茅斯沙雷氏菌ZJ-48在抑制玉米赤霉烯酮的应用。
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