CN117085362A - Extraction equipment and extraction method for extracting active dendrobium polysaccharide from dendrobium - Google Patents
Extraction equipment and extraction method for extracting active dendrobium polysaccharide from dendrobium Download PDFInfo
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- CN117085362A CN117085362A CN202311204745.5A CN202311204745A CN117085362A CN 117085362 A CN117085362 A CN 117085362A CN 202311204745 A CN202311204745 A CN 202311204745A CN 117085362 A CN117085362 A CN 117085362A
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- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 241001523681 Dendrobium Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 24
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 240000004638 Dendrobium nobile Species 0.000 abstract 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYAHJFGVOCZDEI-UFFNCVEVSA-N Dendrobine Chemical compound C([C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]31C)N(C)[C@@H]3[C@H]1[C@@H](C(C)C)[C@@H]2C(=O)O1 RYAHJFGVOCZDEI-UFFNCVEVSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses an extraction device for extracting active dendrobium polysaccharide from dendrobium, which relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine extraction, and comprises a processing barrel, a mixing and screening component, a material guiding component and a crystallization extraction component, and also discloses an extraction method of the extraction device for extracting active dendrobium polysaccharide from dendrobium, comprising the following steps: the invention relates to a dendrobium nobile pretreatment device, which comprises a raw material crushing, pretreatment, centrifugal separation, material transfer, crystallization, liquid discharge circulation and material collection, wherein a treatment barrel is arranged in the raw material crushing device, and a mixing screening assembly is arranged in the treatment barrel and comprises a centrifugal barrel, the centrifugal barrel is matched with the treatment barrel, so that the centrifugal extraction of the dendrobium nobile raw material after pretreatment can be realized, when the centrifugal barrel rotates at a high speed, a sealing plug and a movable plate move outwards under the action of centrifugal force, and the centrifugal extraction of the dendrobium nobile raw material can be realized at the moment, so that the centrifugal extraction of the dendrobium nobile raw material is realized while the pretreatment effect of the dendrobium nobile raw material is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine extraction, in particular to extraction equipment and an extraction method for extracting active dendrobium polysaccharide from dendrobium.
Background
The dendrobium polysaccharide contained in the dendrobium is used as a medicinal plant, and has the functions of resisting oxidation, resisting tumors, regulating immunity, reducing blood sugar and the like, so that the dendrobium polysaccharide has higher medicinal value, the dendrobium polysaccharide is generally extracted from stem leaves of the dendrobium, the existing dendrobium polysaccharide extraction equipment generally pulverizes the dendrobium and then carries out pulping, then adopts high-concentration alcohol ratio and carries out multiple purification, and the dendrobium polysaccharide is separated out, so that the dendrobium polysaccharide with higher purity is obtained. In the dendrobium extraction device in the prior art, dendrobium is crushed, pulpified and purified, and various substances in mixed liquid generated in the whole process are mixed to form a relatively overruling structure, so that the difficulty in separating and extracting dendrobium polysaccharide is improved, the extracting time is prolonged, and the dendrobium extraction efficiency is reduced; the dendrobium extraction device in the prior art needs to add alcohol for many times to separate out the dendrobium extract, the used alcohol amount is more, the complexity of dendrobium extraction is increased, and the dendrobium extraction efficiency is reduced.
The extraction equipment for extracting active dendrobium polysaccharide from dendrobium has the publication number of CN115414697A, which enables the lytic enzyme to quickly permeate into the cell structure of dendrobium in a high-pressure mode in the pretreatment mechanism, can improve the dissolution speed of the cell wall of dendrobium, enables dendrobium polysaccharide in dendrobium cells to be separated from the cell wall of dendrobium more easily, and improves the separation efficiency of dendrobium polysaccharide; by carrying out rapid centrifugal purification on the pretreated dendrobium, the dendrobium polysaccharide is rapidly stripped from the dendrobium tissues, and the dendrobium polysaccharide is rapidly purified by a heating mode, so that the extraction efficiency of the dendrobium polysaccharide is improved.
According to the technical scheme, the dendrobium polysaccharide is extracted by using the centrifugal separation and crystallization extraction modes, however, the centrifugal separation effect of the dendrobium raw material is influenced by the mixing effect of the dendrobium raw material and the pretreatment liquid, and the mixing effect of the dendrobium raw material and the pretreatment liquid is difficult to ensure only through the centrifugal mechanism, so that the separation effect of the dendrobium raw material is difficult to ensure, and meanwhile, the dendrobium polysaccharide is required to be collected frequently after the crystal is separated out, so that continuous extraction is difficult to realize.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide an extraction device and an extraction method for extracting active dendrobium polysaccharide from dendrobium to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide extraction equipment and an extraction method for extracting active dendrobium polysaccharide from dendrobium, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the utility model provides an extraction equipment of extracting active dendrobe polysaccharide in follow dendrobe, includes treatment barrel, mixing screening subassembly, guide subassembly and crystallization extraction element, mixing screening subassembly sets up in the inside of treating the barrel, treatment barrel, guide subassembly and crystallization extraction element set gradually from top to bottom, fixed assembly has the controller on the mixing screening subassembly.
The mixing and screening assembly comprises a centrifugal barrel, a plurality of discharging holes are formed in the outer side wall of the centrifugal barrel in a surrounding mode, a molecular sieve is fixedly arranged on one side, close to the inner side wall of the centrifugal barrel, of the discharging holes, a sealing plug is fixedly arranged in the inner side of the discharging holes in a penetrating mode, a movable plate of an arc-shaped structure is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the sealing plug, a plurality of fixing blocks are arranged on the two ends of the outer side wall of the centrifugal barrel in a surrounding mode, sliding grooves are formed in the middle portions of the fixing blocks in a penetrating mode, sliding blocks are arranged in the sliding grooves in a penetrating mode, one ends of the movable plate are fixedly arranged on the sliding blocks in a fixing mode, sliding holes are formed in the fixing blocks in the sliding portions in the sliding grooves in a penetrating mode, sliding rods are fixedly arranged on the outer side walls of the sliding rods in a penetrating mode, springs are arranged on the outer side of the sliding rods in a surrounding mode, and displacement sensors are fixedly arranged on the springs.
The crystallization extraction component comprises a movable cover, a receiving plate is arranged in the movable cover, a movable frame of an annular structure is arranged on the outer side of the receiving plate, a plurality of liquid discharge pipes are arranged around the bottom end of the outer side wall of the movable cover, a plurality of baffles are arranged around the upper surface of the movable frame, and the baffles correspond to the liquid discharge pipes.
Preferably, the treatment barrel comprises a barrel body, the bottom middle part of ladle body is run through and is provided with the passage, and the inside of passage is provided with the solenoid valve, the fixed cover that is provided with annular structure in top of ladle body, the middle part of fixed cover runs through the feeding hopper that is provided with funnel structure, the inside of ladle body is encircleed and is provided with a plurality of heat pipes, the heat pipe sets up to "U" shape structure, and adjacent two fixedly between the heat pipe be provided with the connecting pipe, the inboard of heat pipe is fixed and is provided with the heat-conducting plate of a plurality of slope structures, and the middle part of heat-conducting plate runs through and is provided with the bar slot, the lateral wall bottom of ladle body is encircleed and is provided with a plurality of exhaust pipes.
Preferably, the centrifugal cylinder is arranged in the barrel body, a positioning plate with an annular structure is fixedly arranged at the top end of the centrifugal cylinder, the positioning plate is arranged in the fixed cover, the middle part of the bottom end of the barrel body is provided with a connecting sleeve in a penetrating manner, and the connecting sleeve is arranged at the top end of the material guiding pipe.
Preferably, the movable plate is arranged on the outer side of the centrifugal barrel, a plurality of extending grooves with arc structures are formed in the inner side wall of the movable plate, and the sealing plug is arranged in the middle of the groove bottom of the extending grooves.
Preferably, the top of the centrifugal barrel is fixedly provided with a ring gear, one side of the ring gear is provided with a driving gear, the outer side of the driving gear is provided with a gear cover, the gear cover is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the fixed cover, the upper surface of the gear cover is fixedly provided with a speed regulating motor, and an output shaft of the speed regulating motor is fixedly arranged in the middle of the driving gear.
Preferably, the material collecting plate is a porous plate, a clamping seat with an annular structure is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the inner side of the movable frame, and the clamping seat corresponds to the material collecting plate.
Preferably, a fixing frame is fixedly arranged in the movable frame, a fixing pipe is arranged in the middle of the fixing frame in a penetrating mode, and a supporting seat is arranged at the bottom end of the fixing pipe.
Preferably, the upper surface of supporting seat is fixed and is provided with the locating tube, the inside of locating tube is provided with the inflation gasbag, and the top of inflation gasbag is fixed to be set up in the inside wall middle part of fixed pipe, the lateral wall of fixed pipe is encircled and is provided with a plurality of heat transfer plates.
Preferably, the guide assembly comprises a guide cover, the movable cover is arranged at the bottom end of the guide cover, the guide cover is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the barrel body, the middle part of the guide cover is provided with a guide groove in a penetrating manner, the guide groove corresponds to the guide pipe, and the top end of the outer side wall of the guide cover is provided with a feeding pipe in a penetrating manner.
An extraction method for extracting active dendrobium polysaccharide from dendrobium comprises the following steps:
step one, crushing raw materials, namely cleaning and drying the dendrobium raw materials, crushing the dendrobium raw materials by using a crusher, and sieving the crushed dendrobium raw materials to ensure the crushing effect;
step two, preprocessing, namely adding the crushed dendrobium raw materials and the preprocessing liquid for extracting dendrobium polysaccharide into a mixing and screening assembly, and mixing and stirring the preprocessing liquid and the dendrobium raw materials through the mixing and screening assembly to obtain liquid raw materials, wherein in the process, a heating mechanism in a processing barrel is used for heating the liquid raw materials so as to accelerate the reaction speed;
step three, centrifugal separation, namely, the rotation speed of a centrifugal cylinder in the mixing and screening assembly is used for separating liquid raw materials in the centrifugal cylinder under the centrifugal action;
step four, transferring materials, namely opening an electromagnetic valve in a material guide pipe at the bottom end of the processing barrel to enable the materials in the centrifugal barrel to enter the crystallization extraction assembly through the material guide assembly;
step five, crystallizing, namely injecting high-concentration alcohol into the crystallization extraction assembly through a feeding pipe in the guide assembly, mixing the high-concentration alcohol with the materials in the crystallization extraction assembly, and heating the mixed materials in the crystallization extraction assembly at the moment to separate out dendrobe polysaccharide crystals;
and step six, liquid draining circulation, wherein when the temperature in the crystallization extraction assembly reaches a certain degree, the crystallization extraction assembly realizes the collection of precipitated crystals, and meanwhile, the residual liquid in the crystallization extraction assembly is discharged, then the heating of the crystallization extraction assembly is stopped, the crystallization extraction assembly is separated from the material guiding assembly, and the dendrobium polysaccharide crystals in the crystallization extraction assembly can be extracted.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
1. according to the invention, the mixing and screening assembly is arranged in the treatment barrel, the mixing and screening assembly comprises the centrifugal barrel, the centrifugal barrel is matched with the treatment barrel, centrifugal extraction of the materials pretreated by the dendrobium raw materials can be realized, the movable plate is arranged on the outer side of the centrifugal barrel, the sealing plug for sealing the centrifugal barrel is arranged on the inner side of the movable plate, the centrifugal barrel can be sealed when rotating at a low speed, at the moment, the dendrobium raw materials and the pretreatment liquid can be fully mixed, and when rotating at a high speed, the sealing plug and the movable plate move outwards under the action of centrifugal force, at the moment, the centrifugal extraction of the dendrobium raw materials can be realized, so that the centrifugal extraction of the dendrobium raw materials is realized while the pretreatment effect of the dendrobium raw materials is ensured.
2. According to the invention, the crystal extraction assembly is arranged, the dendrobium raw materials can be mixed with high-concentration alcohol in the crystal extraction assembly, and dendrobium polysaccharide is separated out after heating, so that the dendrobium polysaccharide is extracted, and the collecting plate is arranged in the crystal extraction assembly, so that the dendrobium polysaccharide crystals can be collected by the collecting plate, and the collecting work is convenient.
3. According to the invention, the crystallization extraction assembly is arranged, the movable frame capable of moving up and down is arranged in the crystallization extraction assembly, the up-and-down movement of the movable frame is controlled by the expansion degree of the expansion air bag, the expansion degree of the expansion air bag is influenced by the temperature in the crystallization extraction assembly, when the temperature reaches a certain degree, the materials in the crystallization extraction assembly are separated out of dendrobe polysaccharide crystals, the movable frame drives the baffle to move upwards, and the waste liquid can be discharged at the moment so as to facilitate the continuous operation of the subsequent extraction work, so that the dendrobe polysaccharide crystals do not need to be collected frequently, and the purpose of improving the extraction efficiency is achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a processing barrel structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of the treatment tank of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a heat conducting pipe structure according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a crystallization extraction assembly according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a crystallization extraction assembly according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a movable frame structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of a hybrid screen assembly of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic view of the centrifugal barrel of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a schematic view of a moving plate structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a bottom view of the centrifuge bowl according to the present invention.
Fig. 14 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure a in fig. 13 according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a treatment barrel; 2. a mixing screen assembly; 3. a material guiding component; 4. a crystallization extraction assembly; 101. a tub body; 102. a material guiding pipe; 103. a fixed cover; 104. a feeding hopper; 105. a heat conduction pipe; 106. a connecting pipe; 107. a heat conductive plate; 108. a bar-shaped groove; 109. a waste discharge pipe; 201. a centrifugal barrel; 202. a positioning plate; 203. connecting sleeves; 204. a discharge hole; 205. a sealing plug; 206. a movable plate; 207. an extension groove; 208. a fixed block; 209. a chute; 210. a slide block; 211. a slide hole; 212. a slide bar; 213. a ring gear; 214. a drive gear; 215. a gear cover; 216. a speed regulating motor; 301. a material guiding cover; 302. a guide groove; 303. a feeding tube; 401. a movable cover; 402. a material collecting plate; 403. a liquid discharge pipe; 404. a movable frame; 405. a clamping seat; 406. a baffle; 407. a fixing frame; 408. a fixed tube; 409. a support base; 410. a positioning tube; 411. inflating the balloon; 412. a heat transfer plate.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making any inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
First embodiment
The invention provides extraction equipment for extracting active dendrobium polysaccharide from dendrobium nobile as shown in fig. 1-14, which comprises a processing barrel 1, a mixing and screening assembly 2, a material guiding assembly 3 and a crystallization extraction assembly 4, wherein the mixing and screening assembly 2 is arranged in the processing barrel 1, the material guiding assembly 3 and the crystallization extraction assembly 4 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, a controller is fixedly arranged on the mixing and screening assembly 2, and integrated control of components in the device can be realized through the controller.
The processing barrel 1 comprises a barrel body 101, a material guide pipe 102 is arranged in the middle of the bottom end of the barrel body 101 in a penetrating mode, an electromagnetic valve is arranged in the material guide pipe 102, and a fixing cover 103 of an annular structure is fixedly arranged at the top end of the barrel body 101.
Specifically, the middle part of the fixed cover 103 is penetrated and provided with a feeding hopper 104 with a funnel structure, the inside of the barrel body 101 is surrounded and provided with a plurality of heat conduction pipes 105, the heat conduction pipes 105 are arranged into a U-shaped structure, a connecting pipe 106 is fixedly arranged between two adjacent heat conduction pipes 105, and heating media can be injected into the heat conduction pipes 105 and the connecting pipe 106 so as to heat materials.
More specifically, the inner side of the heat conducting tube 105 is fixedly provided with a plurality of heat conducting plates 107 with inclined structures, the middle part of the heat conducting plate 107 is provided with a strip-shaped groove 108 in a penetrating mode, and the heat conducting plate 107 can be arranged to improve the contact area between the heat conducting tube 105 and the material so as to improve the heating effect.
And, the outer side wall bottom of ladle body 101 encircles and is provided with a plurality of exhaust pipes 109, and the exhaust pipe 109's setting has made things convenient for the discharge of waste liquid.
The mixing and screening assembly 2 comprises a centrifugal barrel 201, the centrifugal barrel 201 is arranged in the barrel body 101, a positioning plate 202 with an annular structure is fixedly arranged at the top end of the centrifugal barrel 201, the positioning plate 202 is arranged in the fixed cover 103, a connecting sleeve 203 is arranged in the middle of the bottom end of the barrel body 101 in a penetrating manner, and the connecting sleeve 203 is arranged at the top end of the material guiding pipe 102.
Specifically, the outer side wall of the centrifugal barrel 201 is provided with a plurality of discharge holes 204 in a surrounding manner, the inside of the discharge holes 204 is penetrated and provided with a sealing plug 205, the outer side of the sealing plug 205 is fixedly provided with a movable plate 206 with an arc-shaped structure, the movable plate 206 is arranged on the outer side of the centrifugal barrel 201, the inner side wall of the movable plate 206 is provided with a plurality of extending grooves 207 with arc-shaped structures, the sealing plug 205 is arranged in the middle of the groove bottom of the extending grooves 207, and the sealing plug 205 can be used for sealing the discharge holes 204.
More specifically, a plurality of fixed blocks 208 are all arranged around the two ends of the outer side wall of the centrifugal barrel 201, a sliding groove 209 is formed in the middle of the fixed block 208 in a penetrating manner, a sliding block 210 is arranged in the sliding groove 209, the sliding block 210 is fixedly arranged at one end of the movable plate 206, a sliding hole 211 is formed in the fixed block 208, a sliding rod 212 is arranged in the sliding hole 211 in a penetrating manner, the sliding rod 212 is fixedly arranged on the outer side wall of the sliding block 210, a spring is arranged around the outer side of the sliding rod 212, a displacement sensor is fixedly arranged on the spring, real-time monitoring of the compression amount of the spring can be achieved, the spring exerts force on the sliding rod 212, the sliding block 210 drives the movable plate 206 to move towards the direction of the centrifugal barrel 201, when the centrifugal force borne by the movable plate 206 is larger than the spring force, the movable plate 206 moves outwards, and at the moment, the sealing plug 205 is separated from the discharge hole 204, and centrifugal extraction can be carried out.
It is worth noting that the molecular sieve is fixedly assembled on one side, close to the inner side wall of the centrifugal barrel 201, of the discharge hole 204, so that dendrobe polysaccharide can be filtered, a solvent can be caused to be discharged from the discharge hole 204, the dendrobe polysaccharide is prevented from being discharged from the discharge hole 204 in the centrifugal process to influence the extraction purity of the dendrobe polysaccharide, the solvent amount can be reduced in the dendrobe polysaccharide filtering process, the next step of dendrobe polysaccharide evaporation and crystallization operation is facilitated, the solvent evaporation time is shortened, and the crystallization efficiency is improved.
Meanwhile, a ring gear 213 is fixedly arranged at the top end of the centrifugal barrel 201, a driving gear 214 is arranged on one side of the ring gear 213, a gear cover 215 is arranged on the outer side of the driving gear 214, the gear cover 215 is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the fixed cover 103, a speed regulating motor 216 is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the gear cover 215, an output shaft of the speed regulating motor 216 is fixedly arranged in the middle of the driving gear 214, and the speed regulating motor 216 can drive the centrifugal barrel 201 to rotate through the driving gear 214 and the ring gear 213.
The guide assembly 3 comprises a guide cover 301, the guide cover 301 is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the barrel body 101, a guide groove 302 is penetrated and arranged in the middle of the guide cover 301, the guide groove 302 corresponds to the guide pipe 102, a feeding pipe 303 is penetrated and arranged at the top end of the outer side wall of the guide cover 301, and the feeding pipe 303 is arranged to facilitate the addition of high-concentration alcohol.
The crystallization extraction component 4 comprises a movable cover 401, the movable cover 401 is arranged at the bottom end of the material guide cover 301, an electric heating pipe is additionally arranged at the inner bottom end of the crystallization extraction component 4 so as to heat materials, and dendrobium polysaccharide in the materials is separated out in a crystal form when the materials are mixed with high-concentration alcohol and heated, so that the dendrobium polysaccharide is extracted.
Specifically, the inside of movable cover 401 is provided with receives flitch 402, and receives flitch 402 to set up to the perforated plate, and the lateral wall bottom of movable cover 401 encircles and is provided with a plurality of fluid-discharge tubes 403, and the outside of receiving flitch 402 is provided with annular structure's movable frame 404, and the inboard bottom mounting of movable frame 404 is provided with annular structure's cassette 405, and cassette 405 corresponds with receiving flitch 402, receives flitch 402 and installs the inside at cassette 405 through the mode of joint.
More specifically, the upper surface of the movable frame 404 is provided with a plurality of baffles 406 in a surrounding manner, the baffles 406 correspond to the liquid discharge pipes 403, the baffles 406 can be used for plugging the liquid discharge pipes 403, a fixing frame 407 is fixedly arranged in the movable frame 404, a fixing pipe 408 is arranged in the middle of the fixing frame 407 in a penetrating manner, a supporting seat 409 is arranged at the bottom end of the fixing pipe 408, and the supporting seat 409 can be attached to the inner wall of the bottom end of the movable cover 401 so that the inflatable air bag 411 can drive the movable frame 404 to move upwards.
And, the upper surface fixed of supporting seat 409 is provided with positioning tube 410, and the inside of positioning tube 410 is provided with inflation gasbag 411, and the top of inflation gasbag 411 is fixed to be set up in the inside wall middle part of fixed pipe 408, and the lateral wall of fixed pipe 408 is encircled and is provided with a plurality of heat transfer plates 412, and the transmission of heat can be realized in the setting of heat transfer plate 412 to the inside gaseous thermal expansion of inflation gasbag 411 of being convenient for.
It should be noted that, the outer side wall of the positioning tube 410 is provided with a positioning groove, and the inner side wall of the fixing tube 408 is provided with a sliding strip adapted to the positioning groove in an integrated manner, so that the anti-offset property of the fixing tube 408 can be ensured when the fixing tube 408 moves up and down along the positioning tube 410, so that the one-to-one correspondence between the baffle 406 and the liquid discharge tube 403 can be ensured, and thus, the baffle 406 can realize the opening and closing control of the liquid discharge tube 403, and the self-discharge effect of the solvent can be effectively realized.
When the actual dendrobium polysaccharide is extracted, the dendrobium raw materials are cleaned and dried, then are crushed by a crusher, the crushed dendrobium raw materials are screened to ensure the crushing effect, then the crushed dendrobium raw materials and pretreatment liquid for extracting the dendrobium polysaccharide are added into a mixing and screening assembly 2, the pretreatment liquid and the dendrobium raw materials are mixed and stirred by the mixing and screening assembly 2 to obtain liquid raw materials, in the process, the liquid raw materials are heated by a heating mechanism in a processing barrel 1 to accelerate the reaction speed, the dendrobium raw materials and the pretreatment liquid can be fed into a centrifugal barrel 201 through a feeding hopper 104, a speed regulating motor 216 is driven by a controller to work at the moment, the speed regulating motor 216 slowly drives the centrifugal barrel 201 to rotate through a driving gear 214 and a ring gear 213, the centrifugal barrel 201 slowly drives the materials and the pretreatment liquid to rotate, and the materials and the pretreatment liquid are mixed in the centrifugal barrel 201.
In this process, the rotation speed of the speed regulating motor 216 increases from low to high, and the rotation speed of the centrifugal barrel 201 is low at the beginning, so that the centrifugal force applied to the movable plate 206 is small, the centrifugal force applied to the movable plate 206 presses the spring, the spring can be promoted to be compressed, and the displacement sensor can detect the compression length of the spring at any time.
With the increase of the rotation speed of the speed regulating motor 216, the centrifugal force applied to the movable plate 206 becomes larger, the pressure on the spring becomes larger, when the compression length of the spring reaches a first threshold value, the fact that the material premixing operation is completed under the drive of the speed regulating motor 216 is shown, the controller conveys the heating medium into the heat conducting tube 105, the heating medium conveys heat into the material through the heat conducting tube 105 and the heat conducting plate 107, heating control on the material temperature is achieved, meanwhile, the rotation speed of the speed regulating motor 216 is increased, the mixing uniformity between the materials can be greatly increased due to the increase of the matching temperature, meanwhile, the solubility of dendrobium polysaccharide in a solvent can be improved, the elasticity of the spring outside the sliding rod 212 is smaller, the movable plate 206 is kept to be attached to the outer side wall of the centrifugal barrel 201, and the sealing plug 205 moves in the discharging hole 204, but the sealing plug 205 is always assembled in the discharging hole 204, and the material is kept from being centrifugally separated.
The rotational speed of the centrifuge bowl 201 in the mixing and screening assembly 2 makes the liquid raw materials in the centrifuge bowl 201 separate under centrifugal action, that is, along with the increase of the rotational speed of the speed regulating motor 216, the greater the centrifugal force applied to the movable plate 206, the greater the pressure on the spring, when the compression length of the spring reaches the second threshold value, the sealing plug 205 and the discharge hole 204 are separated, at this moment, the redundant solvent in the centrifuge bowl 201 flows outwards under the action of the centrifugal force, and after screening and filtering by the molecular sieve, the solvent flows out from the discharge hole 204 into the barrel body 101, and is discharged through the waste discharge pipe 109.
The controller controls the rotation speed of the speed regulating motor 216 to continuously increase, so that the centrifugal force borne by the movable plate 206 can be continuously increased, the compressed amount of the spring can be increased, the distance between the sealing plug 205 and the discharging hole 204 can be increased, the outflow amount of the solvent in the discharging hole 204 can be increased, when the compression length of the spring reaches a third threshold value, the distance between the discharging hole 204 and the sealing plug 205 is maximum, the centrifugal effect borne by the material mixture is maximum, the discharge of the redundant solvent is facilitated, and in the process of the compression amount of the spring from the second threshold value to the third threshold value, the redundant solvent in the centrifugal barrel 201 is continuously discharged from the discharging hole 204, the centrifugal discharge operation of the solvent can be effectively realized, and when the compression length of the spring reaches the third threshold value, the controller controls the electromagnetic valve in the electromagnetic valve treatment barrel 1 bottom material guide pipe 102 to be opened, the material in the centrifugal barrel 201 enters the crystallization extraction assembly 4 through the material guide assembly 3, and simultaneously the electrothermal tube in the crystallization extraction assembly 4 is controlled to start working.
The high-concentration alcohol is injected into the crystallization extraction component 4 through the feeding pipe 303 in the material guiding component 3, the high-concentration alcohol and the material are mixed in the crystallization extraction component 4, at the moment, the electric heating pipe can heat the mixed material in the crystallization extraction component 4, so that dendrobium polysaccharide crystals are separated out, when the temperature in the crystallization extraction component 4 continuously rises, the expansion air bag 411 is heated and expanded, as the weights of the movable frame 404, the baffle 406 and the material receiving plate 402 are acted on the expansion air bag 411 through the fixed pipe 408, when the crystallization temperature of the material is reached, the expansion pressure of the expansion air bag 411 and the force of structures such as the movable frame 404 on the expansion air bag 411 are the same, at the moment, the temperature is in a critical state once the temperature is continuously increased, the pressure in the expansion air bag 411 is increased, the movable frame 404 can be driven to move upwards through the fixed pipe 408 in the process, the solution starts to separate out and gather on the material receiving plate 402, and the separated out crystals are more and more along with the rising temperature, and the material receiving plate 402 can also move upwards along with the rising temperature, so that the separation of crystals can be realized.
It should be noted that, because the electrothermal tube is installed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the movable cover 401, when heating, the solution below will initially heat, and then the temperature will be transferred upwards, so that during the heating process, the solute in the solution below will initially precipitate, at this time, the material receiving plate 402 is at the lowest position to realize the support of the precipitated crystals, and as the temperature increases, the material receiving plate 402 will gradually move upwards, and the precipitated crystals will be collected sequentially from bottom to top.
It is noted that, in the process of moving up the material receiving plate 402, the baffle 406 moves up synchronously, when the baffle 406 and the liquid discharge pipe 403 are separated, the liquid with crystals precipitated below can be discharged through the liquid discharge pipe 403, and the height of the solution can be reduced, so that the crystals in the solution can be precipitated and gathered on the material receiving plate 402 quickly, therefore, in the process of discharging the liquid, the collection of the crystals can be realized, when the temperature in the material receiving plate 4 reaches the threshold value, the expansion air bag 411 is not expanded any more, the liquid discharge pipe 403 and the baffle 406 are thoroughly separated, at the moment, the temperature in the material receiving plate 4 is the highest, the crystallization amount is the largest, and meanwhile, the liquid discharge amount of the liquid discharge pipe 403 is the largest, so that the liquid with crystals precipitated can be discharged while crystallization is carried out, the efficiency of extracting the subsequent crystals is greatly improved, after the liquid is discharged through the liquid discharge pipe 403, the heating of the crystal receiving plate 4 is stopped, the expansion air bag 411 drives the movable frame 404 to reset, and the crystal receiving plate 402 is separated from the material guide assembly 3, the material receiving plate 402 is pulled upwards, the polysaccharide in the movable cover 401 is enabled to carry out the subsequent polysaccharide extraction operation on the dendrobium polysaccharide, and the polysaccharide can be repeatedly extracted.
Second embodiment
The invention also provides an extraction method of the extraction equipment for extracting the active dendrobium polysaccharide from the dendrobium, which comprises the following steps:
step one, crushing raw materials, namely cleaning and drying the dendrobium raw materials, crushing the dendrobium raw materials by using a crusher, and sieving the crushed dendrobium raw materials to ensure the crushing effect;
step two, preprocessing, namely adding the crushed dendrobium raw materials and the preprocessing liquid for extracting dendrobium polysaccharide into a mixing and screening assembly 2, and mixing and stirring the preprocessing liquid and the dendrobium raw materials through the mixing and screening assembly 2 to obtain liquid raw materials, wherein in the process, a heating mechanism in a processing barrel 1 is used for heating the liquid raw materials so as to accelerate the reaction speed;
step three, centrifugal separation, namely, the rotation speed of the centrifugal barrel 201 in the mixing and screening assembly 2 is used for separating liquid raw materials in the centrifugal barrel 201 under the centrifugal action;
step four, transferring materials, namely opening an electromagnetic valve in a material guide pipe 102 at the bottom end of the processing barrel 1 to enable the materials in the centrifugal barrel 201 to enter a crystallization extraction assembly 4 through a material guide assembly 3;
step five, crystallizing, namely injecting high-concentration alcohol into the crystallization extraction component 4 through a feeding pipe 303 in the material guiding component 3, mixing the high-concentration alcohol with materials in the crystallization extraction component 4, and heating the mixed materials in the crystallization extraction component 4 at the moment to separate out dendrobium polysaccharide crystals;
and step six, liquid draining circulation, wherein when the temperature in the crystallization extraction component 4 reaches a certain degree, the crystallization extraction component 4 realizes the collection of precipitated crystals, and meanwhile, the residual liquid in the crystallization extraction component 4 is discharged, then the heating of the crystallization extraction component 4 is stopped, the crystallization extraction component 4 is separated from the material guiding component 3, and the dendrobium polysaccharide crystals in the crystallization extraction component 4 can be extracted.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements or changes may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The extraction equipment for extracting active dendrobium polysaccharide from dendrobium is characterized by comprising a processing barrel (1), a mixing and screening assembly (2), a material guiding assembly (3) and a crystallization extraction assembly (4), wherein the mixing and screening assembly (2) is arranged in the processing barrel (1), the material guiding assembly (3) and the crystallization extraction assembly (4) are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and a controller is fixedly assembled on the mixing and screening assembly (2);
the mixing screening assembly (2) comprises a centrifugal barrel (201), a plurality of discharging holes (204) are formed in the outer side wall of the centrifugal barrel (201) in a surrounding mode, a molecular sieve is fixedly arranged on one side, close to the inner side wall of the centrifugal barrel (201), of the discharging holes (204), a sealing plug (205) is arranged in the inside of the discharging holes (204) in a penetrating mode, a movable plate (206) with an arc-shaped structure is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the sealing plug (205), a plurality of fixing blocks (208) are arranged at two ends of the outer side wall of the centrifugal barrel (201) in a surrounding mode, sliding grooves (209) are formed in the middle of the fixing blocks (208) in a penetrating mode, sliding blocks (210) are arranged in the inner portion of the sliding grooves (209), sliding holes (211) are fixedly arranged at one end of the movable plate (206), sliding rods (212) are arranged in the inner portion of the sliding blocks (208) in a penetrating mode, the outer side walls of the sliding rods (212) are fixedly arranged on the sliding rods (210), springs are arranged in a surrounding mode, and displacement sensors are fixedly arranged on the springs in the outer sides of the sliding rods in a surrounding mode;
the crystallization extraction component (4) comprises a movable cover (401), a receiving plate (402) is arranged in the movable cover (401), a movable frame (404) with an annular structure is arranged on the outer side of the receiving plate (402), a plurality of liquid discharge pipes (403) are arranged at the bottom end of the outer side wall of the movable cover (401) in a surrounding mode, a plurality of baffle plates (406) are arranged at the upper surface of the movable frame (404) in a surrounding mode, and the baffle plates (406) correspond to the liquid discharge pipes (403).
2. The extraction apparatus for extracting active dendrobe polysaccharide from dendrobe according to claim 1, wherein: the processing barrel (1) comprises a barrel body (101), a guide pipe (102) is arranged in the middle of the bottom end of the barrel body (101) in a penetrating mode, an electromagnetic valve is arranged in the guide pipe (102), a fixed cover (103) with an annular structure is fixedly arranged at the top end of the barrel body (101), a feeding hopper (104) with a funnel structure is arranged in the middle of the fixed cover (103) in a penetrating mode, a plurality of heat conducting pipes (105) are arranged in the barrel body (101) in a surrounding mode, the heat conducting pipes (105) are arranged in a U-shaped structure in a surrounding mode, connecting pipes (106) are fixedly arranged between the two adjacent heat conducting pipes (105), heat conducting plates (107) with a plurality of inclined structures are fixedly arranged on the inner sides of the heat conducting pipes (105), strip-shaped grooves (108) are formed in the middle of the heat conducting plates (107) in a penetrating mode, and a plurality of waste discharging pipes (109) are arranged in the bottom of the outer side wall of the barrel body (101) in a surrounding mode.
3. The extraction apparatus for extracting active dendrobe polysaccharide from dendrobe according to claim 2, wherein: the centrifugal barrel (201) is arranged in the barrel body (101), a positioning plate (202) with an annular structure is fixedly arranged at the top end of the centrifugal barrel (201), the positioning plate (202) is arranged in the fixed cover (103), a connecting sleeve (203) is arranged in the middle of the bottom end of the barrel body (101) in a penetrating mode, and the connecting sleeve (203) is arranged at the top end of the material guide pipe (102).
4. An extraction apparatus for extracting active dendrobe polysaccharide from dendrobe according to claim 3, wherein: the movable plate (206) is arranged on the outer side of the centrifugal barrel (201), a plurality of extending grooves (207) with arc-shaped structures are formed in the inner side wall of the movable plate (206), and the sealing plug (205) is arranged in the middle of the groove bottom of the extending grooves (207).
5. The extraction apparatus for extracting active dendrobe polysaccharide from dendrobe according to claim 4, wherein: the centrifugal barrel is characterized in that a ring gear (213) is fixedly arranged at the top end of the centrifugal barrel (201), a driving gear (214) is arranged on one side of the ring gear (213), a gear cover (215) is arranged on the outer side of the driving gear (214), the gear cover (215) is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the fixed cover (103), a speed regulating motor (216) is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the gear cover (215), and an output shaft of the speed regulating motor (216) is fixedly arranged in the middle of the driving gear (214).
6. The extraction apparatus for extracting active dendrobe polysaccharide from dendrobe according to claim 1, wherein: the material collecting plate (402) is arranged to be a porous plate, a clamping seat (405) with an annular structure is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the inner side of the movable frame (404), and the clamping seat (405) corresponds to the material collecting plate (402).
7. The extraction apparatus for extracting active dendrobe polysaccharide from dendrobe according to claim 6, wherein: the inside of movable rack (404) is fixed and is provided with mount (407), the middle part of mount (407) runs through and is provided with fixed pipe (408), the bottom of fixed pipe (408) is provided with supporting seat (409).
8. The extraction apparatus for extracting active dendrobe polysaccharide from dendrobe according to claim 7, wherein: the upper surface of supporting seat (409) is fixed and is provided with registration arm (410), the inside of registration arm (410) is provided with inflation gasbag (411), and the top of inflation gasbag (411) is fixed to be set up in the inside wall middle part of fixed pipe (408), the lateral wall of fixed pipe (408) is provided with a plurality of heat transfer plates (412) around.
9. The extraction apparatus for extracting active dendrobe polysaccharide from dendrobe according to claim 1, wherein: the material guiding assembly (3) comprises a material guiding cover (301), the movable cover (401) is arranged at the bottom end of the material guiding cover (301), the material guiding cover (301) is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the barrel body (101), a material guiding groove (302) is formed in the middle of the material guiding cover (301) in a penetrating mode, the material guiding groove (302) corresponds to the material guiding pipe (102), and a feeding pipe (303) is arranged in the top end of the outer side wall of the material guiding cover (301) in a penetrating mode.
10. An extraction method for extracting active dendrobium polysaccharide from dendrobium, which is realized by using the extraction equipment for extracting active dendrobium polysaccharide from dendrobium according to claim 2, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, crushing raw materials, namely cleaning and drying the dendrobium raw materials, crushing the dendrobium raw materials by using a crusher, and sieving the crushed dendrobium raw materials to ensure the crushing effect;
step two, preprocessing, namely adding the crushed dendrobium raw materials and the preprocessing liquid for extracting dendrobium polysaccharide into a mixing and screening assembly (2), and mixing and stirring the preprocessing liquid and the dendrobium raw materials through the mixing and screening assembly (2) to obtain liquid raw materials, wherein in the process, a heating mechanism in a processing barrel (1) is used for heating the liquid raw materials so as to accelerate the reaction speed;
step three, centrifugal separation, namely, the rotating speed of a centrifugal barrel (201) in the mixing and screening assembly (2) is used for separating liquid raw materials in the centrifugal barrel (201) under the centrifugal action;
step four, transferring materials, namely opening an electromagnetic valve in a material guide pipe (102) at the bottom end of a processing barrel (1) to enable the materials in a centrifugal barrel (201) to enter a crystallization extraction assembly (4) through a material guide assembly (3);
step five, crystallizing, namely injecting high-concentration alcohol into the crystallization extraction component (4) through a feeding pipe (303) in the material guide component (3), mixing the high-concentration alcohol with the material in the crystallization extraction component (4), and heating the mixed material in the crystallization extraction component (4) at the moment to separate out dendrobium polysaccharide crystals;
step six, liquid draining circulation, when the temperature in the crystallization extraction component (4) reaches a certain degree, the crystallization extraction component (4) realizes the collection of precipitated crystals, and meanwhile, the residual liquid in the crystallization extraction component (4) is discharged, then the heating of the crystallization extraction component (4) is stopped, the crystallization extraction component (4) is separated from the material guide component (3), and the dendrobium polysaccharide crystals in the crystallization extraction component (4) can be extracted.
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| CN202311204745.5A CN117085362A (en) | 2023-09-14 | 2023-09-14 | Extraction equipment and extraction method for extracting active dendrobium polysaccharide from dendrobium |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117619574A (en) * | 2024-01-23 | 2024-03-01 | 吉林肽谷生物工程有限责任公司 | Technological equipment for blueberry peptide |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117619574A (en) * | 2024-01-23 | 2024-03-01 | 吉林肽谷生物工程有限责任公司 | Technological equipment for blueberry peptide |
| CN117619574B (en) * | 2024-01-23 | 2024-04-12 | 吉林肽谷生物工程有限责任公司 | Technological equipment for blueberry peptide |
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