CN117018129A - 一种治疗痛风的中药组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于代谢性风湿病药物技术领域,具体涉及一种治疗痛风的中药组合物及其制备方法,该组合物主要组分按重量份计为:土茯苓20‑40份,泽兰20‑40份,白术10‑30份,虎杖10‑20份,威灵仙10‑20份,独活10‑20份,桑寄生20‑40份,车前子9‑15份,川芎10‑20份,忍冬藤20‑30份,青风藤20‑30份,络石藤20‑30份,海风藤15‑25份,桑枝10‑30份,秦皮6‑12份,陈皮9‑15份,土元9‑15份,三七粉1‑5份,炙甘草3‑9份。该组合物以独活寄生汤合五藤饮加减配合土茯苓、泽兰、虎杖、威灵仙、车前子、桑枝、土元、三七粉、炙甘草等药物组成,健脾以益气,利浊使气行,气充则血行,血行络亦通,诸药合用,共奏健脾利湿泄浊、活血化瘀通络之功,对降低尿酸、改善痛风疼痛等症状、提高患者生活质量等方面效果卓著。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于代谢性风湿病药物技术领域,具体涉及一种治疗痛风的中药组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
痛风(gout)是由于嘌呤代谢紊乱和(或)尿酸排泄减少,导致机体血尿酸水平升高,形成高尿酸血症,单钠尿酸盐析出、沉积所致的晶体相关性关节病,是临床常见的代谢性风湿病。发作期典型症状为受累关节的红、肿、热、痛和功能障碍,发作呈自限性,多于2周内自行缓解。若不予以有效治疗,痛风可进展至引起关节结构性损伤,丧失功能,最终导致患者残疾,使患者的生存质量降低,给患者家庭和社会经济带来沉重负担。而且痛风常伴发肾脏损害、高脂血症、高血压病、糖尿病等疾病,故防治痛风已成为全球重点钻研和攻克的课题之一。
目前西医对痛风的病因和发病机制尚不清楚,治疗上主要从两方面入手:控制炎性反应和降低血尿酸水平。急性期常选用秋水仙碱、非甾体类抗炎药、糖皮质激素等抗炎镇痛治疗;间歇期及慢性期常选用别嘌醇、非布司他、苯溴马隆等降低尿酸治疗。西药作用靶点明确但存在不同程度的安全风险,停药易致病情反复,患者依从性差。
在中医方面,中医学对痛风的论治历史悠久,现代医家从各病理因素立论,颇有成果,大量研究亦证实了中药对痛风的治疗发挥着独特优势。但是,中药复方治疗痛风的有效率仍有待于提高。
发明内容
针对目前对于中医药防治痛风尚缺乏统一有效治疗方案的现状,本发明提供了一种治疗痛风的中药组合物及其制备方法,该组合物以独活寄生汤合五藤饮加减配合土茯苓、泽兰、白术、虎杖、威灵仙、车前子、桑枝、秦皮、陈皮、土元、三七粉等药物组成,健脾以益气,利浊使气行,气充则血行,血行络亦通,诸药合用,共奏健脾利湿泄浊、活血化瘀通络之功,对降低尿酸、改善痛风疼痛等症状、提高患者生活质量等方面效果卓著。
痛风根据其症状归属于中医“痹症”、“历节”等范畴,基本病机以虚为本,湿浊血瘀为标。从临床表现看,痛风常见肢体关节红肿疼痛、麻木、重着,倦怠乏力、腹胀、泄泻等,这些提示了发明人脾虚不升,气血失畅,浊瘀阻络乃痛风的主要机制。
痛风“症似风而本非风”,实质为“本虚标实”,多由先天或后天因素所致。先天禀赋不足,脾肾不及,致水液运化失调,湿浊之邪内生,不能外泄,与血相结化生浊瘀,停滞经络,形成湿浊瘀阻,稽久化热;后天多饮食肥甘,更损伤脾胃,运化失司,水谷精微物质无法正常运化,酿生湿热,浊瘀蓄积。龚廷贤《万病回春》曰:“一切痛风肢体痛者,痛属火,肿属湿。”湿浊、血瘀等病理产物使气血不得宣通,邪气中阻则作痞,诸多病理产物旁流四肢则瘀阻关节,故而关节屈伸不利,肢体热肿而作痛;有云“气不至则麻,血不荣则木”,浊瘀阻络,气血不畅,四肢百骸失去气血津液的濡养,则发为麻木;“四肢者,诸阳之末也”,湿浊内阻,困遏脾气,清阳之气不能布散,充达于四肢,故肢体重着、倦怠。
发明人结合祖国传统医学理论,从气血脏腑的生理功能,再到痛风的基本病机,在临床实践过程中,发现使用健脾利湿泄浊、活血化瘀通络为原则的方药治疗痛风中符合中医脾虚湿盛、浊瘀阻络病机特点的患者时,尤以改善肢体疼痛、麻木、重着等症状显著。本发明提供了一种治疗痛风的中药组合物,以独活寄生汤合五苓散加减配合土茯苓、泽兰、白术、虎杖、威灵仙、车前子、桑枝、秦皮、陈皮、土元、三七粉等药物组成,健脾以益气,利浊使气行,气充则血行,血行络亦通,诸药合用,共奏健脾利湿泄浊、活血化瘀通络之功,对降低尿酸、改善痛风疼痛等症状、提高患者生活质量等方面效果卓著。
综上所述,发明人最终发现痛风的治疗当抓主要环节,发明人认为健脾利湿泄浊、活血化瘀通络是关键。而临床中脾虚湿盛夹瘀证的患者较多,故应在辨证施治的基础上重视利湿活血,又兼顾脾肾,使湿浊去、血瘀化而不伤正,上述为发明人提出的治疗机理,并将其应用到具体治疗过程中:
在上述治疗机理的基础上,结合相关药物作用机理,本发明提供的具体技术方案如下:
一种治疗痛风的中药组合物,其主要组分按重量份计为:
土茯苓20-40份,泽兰20-40份,白术10-30份,虎杖10-20份,威灵仙10-20份,独活10-20份,桑寄生20-40份,车前子9-15份,川芎10-20份,忍冬藤20-30份,青风藤20-30份,络石藤20-30份,海风藤15-25份,桑枝10-30份,秦皮6-12份,陈皮9-15份,土元9-15份,三七粉1-5份,炙甘草3-9份;
上述用量范围内可以获得最好的治疗效果,药物用量过大或者过小均会导致组方所围绕的病机主次发生变化。
优选地,中药组合物其主要组分按重量份计为:土茯苓25-35份,泽兰25-35份,白术15-25份,虎杖12-18份,威灵仙12-18份,独活12-18份,桑寄生25-35份,车前子10-15份,川芎12-18份,忍冬藤20-25份,青风藤20-25份,络石藤20-25份,海风藤20-25份,桑枝15-25份,秦皮7-12份,陈皮10-15份,土元10-15份,三七粉2-4份,炙甘草3-8份。
本发明的方剂中以土茯苓、泽兰为君,土茯苓,甘、淡,性平,化湿降浊、解毒通利关节、祛邪而不伤正气,《本草正义》载“土茯苓,利湿去热,能入络搜剔湿热之蕴毒”;泽兰,辛、苦,微温,归肝、脾经,可疏肝健脾、利水消肿,活血祛瘀,既可利水渗湿以治标,又可增益脾胃以补本,脾健以化湿,疏肝以行气、气行则血行,以助瘀去络通;两药相配共为君药,补脾利湿,化瘀通络,针对痛风脾虚湿盛、浊瘀阻络的基本病机。
以白术、虎杖、威灵仙、独活、车前子、桑枝、秦皮、陈皮为臣药,白术,甘、苦,温,健脾益气、燥湿利水;虎杖,苦,寒,利胆退黄,清热解毒,散瘀止痛;威灵仙,辛、咸,温,祛风湿,通经络;独活,辛、苦,微温,祛风除湿,通痹止痛;车前子,甘,寒,清热利尿通淋,渗湿止泻;桑枝,微苦,平,祛风湿,利关节;秦皮,味苦、涩,性寒,清热燥湿、收涩止痢;陈皮,苦、辛,温,理气健脾、燥湿化痰,共助君药健脾除湿、化瘀止痹之功。
以桑寄生、川芎、忍冬藤、青风藤、络石藤、海风藤、土元、三七粉为佐,桑寄生,苦、甘,平,归肝、肾经,祛风湿,补肝肾,强筋骨;川芎,辛,温,有活血行气、祛风止痛之效,又可佐制诸药寒凉之性;忍冬藤,甘,寒,清热解毒,疏风通络,多用于风湿热痹、关节红肿热痛;青风藤,苦、辛,平,祛风湿,通经络,利小便;络石藤,苦,微寒,祛风通络,凉血消肿;海风藤,辛、苦,微温,祛风除湿,通络止痛,《本草汇言》曰:藤类药以其“藤蔓之属,皆可通经入络”,“蔓藤舒筋脉,枝条达四肢”。藤类中药善走经络,多种藤本药物合用,以达到协同增效、一举多得的效果,并且能引他药直达病所,缓解关节红肿症状;土元,咸,寒,有小毒,可破血逐瘀,续筋接骨;三七粉,甘、微苦,温,功能散瘀止血,消肿定痛。以炙甘草为使,甘,平,可补脾益气,缓急止痛,用以调和诸药。诸药配伍,共奏健脾利湿泄浊、活血化瘀通络之效。
针对每味药物更为具体的中西方药物机理如下:
土茯苓:甘,性平,归肝、脾胃经,首载于《滇南本草》,原名禹余粮。《中山经》曰:“土茯苓能健脾胃,去风湿,脾胃健则营卫从,风湿去则筋骨利。”本品具有解毒除湿、健脾和胃、通利关节之功。现代药理学研究表明,土茯苓有提高患者耐痛力,抑制T细胞功能,缓解患者炎性反应的发作,以及改善机体循环的功能,有活血止痛之效。土茯苓有多种有效成分,其中白藜芦醇对黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)的活性有抑制作用,可使机体抗氧化能力增强,嘌呤类分解代谢减少,从而抑制尿酸生成;还可通过激活沉默调节因子1(SIRT1),抑制NF-κB和AP-1的转录以及下调多种炎症相关因子的表达来缓解炎症;总黄酮可通过抑制NLRP3炎性体轴活化,减少下游炎症因子的表达来抑制炎症反应。
泽兰:味辛、苦,微温,归肝、脾经,《日华子诸家本草》曰:“泽兰通九窍,利关脉,养血气,破宿血,消症瘕.....”主要功效为活血调经、祛瘀消痈,另有利水消肿之效,利水渗湿以泄浊,破血养血以通络,针对湿浊血瘀之病标效果极佳。泽兰有效成分异泽兰黄素能有效抑制肾脏结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)及核因子κB(NF-κB)的过度表达,促进细胞生长因子及血管内皮生长因子表达,从而起到保肾、护肾、抗炎等作用。
白术:甘、苦,性温,归脾、胃经,有健脾益气、燥湿利水之功,《长沙药解》记载白术“补中燥湿,止渴生津,最益脾精,大养胃气......”研究证实,白术中的白术内酯具有抗炎、抗氧化等作用。
虎杖:苦、寒,归肝、胆、肺经,具有利胆退黄、清热解毒、散瘀止痛、止咳化痰的功效,常用作痛风急性发作期的药物治疗,对缓解疼痛症状有良效。现代研究证实,虎杖中的有效成分白藜芦醇通过调节肾脏有机离子受体发挥促尿酸排泄和肾脏保护作用,还可以改善足趾肿胀情况;大黄素可降低痛风性关节炎关节内结晶体的沉积,对关节炎有一定程度的改善作用;虎杖提取物能够还可降低血尿酸水平和抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶活性,进而抑制氧化和炎症反应,并改善痛风性关节炎的病理变化。
威灵仙:辛、咸,温,归膀胱经,善祛风湿、通经络。治顽痹、痛风、腰膝冷痛、癥瘕积聚等疾病。《药品化义》论述:“灵仙,性猛急,善走而不守,宣通十二经络。主治风、湿、痰、壅滞经络中,致成痛风走注,骨节疼痛,或肿,或麻木。”,唐代《海上集验方》亦载:“威灵仙,去众风,通十二经脉”。威灵仙醇提物能显著降低血清尿素氮、尿白蛋白、尿白蛋白排泄率、肾肥大指数,明显减轻肾小球基膜及肾小管增厚和膨胀程度,可通过抑制炎性因子、抑制信号通路、免疫抑制等发挥抗炎、镇痛作用;威灵仙总皂苷能抑制足肿胀,发挥抗炎活性。
独活:辛、苦,微温,归肾膀胱经,独活辛散苦燥,微温能通,主散在里伏风及寒湿而通利关节止痛,有祛风除湿,通痹止痛之功效。独活醇提物能够改善关节的肿胀程度及炎症损伤,抑制TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6等炎症因子的释放,具有明显的抗炎消肿及镇痛作用。
车前子:甘、寒,归肝、肾、肺、小肠经,《神农本草经》论本品“止痛,利水道小便,除湿痹”,主要含有苯乙醇苷、黄酮、环烯醚萜和多糖等成分,具有清热利尿、渗湿通淋的作用。现代药理研究发现车前子中的化学成分如毛蕊花糖苷等对XOD具有抑制活性的作用,可通过促进尿液的排泄提高尿酸的排泄,显著降低患者的血尿酸(UA)水平,同时抑制炎症因子的分泌,对痛风有一定的治疗效果,而且在抗痛风方面用药安全。
桑枝:微苦,平,归肝经,可祛风湿、利关节。桑枝提取物能够显著降低血清尿酸水平,增加24h内尿酸排泄量;且以白藜芦醇为主要成分的桑枝提取物能够显著下调多种炎症介质,具有较好的抗炎效果。
秦皮:苦、涩,寒,归肝、胆、大肠经,可清热燥湿、收涩止痢、止带、明目。研究证实,秦皮香豆素对急性痛风性关节炎有止痛效应,可抑制关节肿胀,减少关节腔积液量,减轻关节囊组织、滑膜组织充血、水肿、变性坏死及淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞浸润等病理改变,同时可降低血尿酸。
陈皮:苦、辛,温,归肺、脾经,有理气健脾、燥湿化痰之功。始载于《神农本草经》,《本草备要》论其:“调中快膈,导滞消痰,利水破症,宣通五脏,统治百病,皆取其理气燥湿之功。”现代研究证实,川陈皮素通过抗氧化、抗炎、抗凋亡等作用缓解急性肾损伤,减轻疼痛。
桑寄生:苦、甘,平,归肝、肾经,具有祛风湿、补肝肾、强筋骨的功效,《日华子本草》称本品“助筋骨,益血脉”,治疗痛风时可标本兼顾。研究表明桑寄生提取物显著促进IL-1β作用的人原代骨性关节软骨细胞的活力,并降低细胞凋亡率;其有效成分槲皮素可减轻踝关节滑膜炎症增生和骨/软骨破坏,并抑制炎症反应。
川芎:辛,温,归肝、胆、心包经。为血中之气药,可活血行气,除血涩之痹,还有祛风止痛之效。《日华子本草》云:川芎“治一切风,一切气,一切劳损,一切血。补五劳,壮筋骨,调众脉,破疗结宿血,养心血,长肉”。川芎既能行血又可活血,以气推动血液运行,血运达于肢末则麻、凉、痛止。川芎水煎剂有抑制中枢神经系统的作用,故可起到镇痛的疗效。现代药理研究发现川芎中含川芎嗪、生物碱、酚类物质、内脂素等成分,具有扩张微血管、抗血小板聚集、改善微循环、抗炎镇痛及神经保护等作用。
忍冬藤:味甘、性寒,归肺、胃经,甘寒之性味以清热解毒,亦可活血通络止痛,作用于关节的红肿热痛及屈伸不利等症状。现代药理学研究发现,忍冬藤中有效成分具有抗炎解热的作用,忍冬藤中的木犀草素抑制血小板凝聚,并阻止血栓形成,增加血流量。
青风藤:苦、辛,性平,归肝、脾经,祛风湿、通经络、利小便,用于风湿痹痛、关节肿胀、麻痹瘙痒等疾病。青藤碱是青风藤中含量最为丰富的化合物,具有镇痛,抗炎的功效。临床使用中发现,青藤碱能有效缓解关节炎症,抑制破骨细胞对骨质的损伤。此外,青风藤还含有三萜类、挥发油类和菲醌蒽醌及酚类等化学成分,具有如抗炎、镇痛、消炎、免疫抑制等药理作用。
络石藤:味苦、微寒,归心、肝、肾经,祛风通络、凉血消肿,《本草纲目》中记载:“络石,气味平和,其功主筋骨关节风热痈肿,变白耐老。”络石藤中主要以木犀草素、豆甾醇、依波加因以及老刺木精为主,可通过控制减少多种炎症介质的出现和基本的基质降解来减少软骨退化,并发挥抗炎的作用。
海风藤:辛、苦,微温,归肝经,本品首见于明代《仁斋直指附遗方论》,有祛风除湿、通络止痛之功,主治风寒湿痹、肢节疼痛、筋脉拘挛、屈伸不利。现代药理研究证实海风藤可降低血清尿酸水平,并可减轻足跖肿胀度;海风藤正丁醇提取物能降低滑膜组织中NF-κB、IκB和IκK的表达及血清和滑膜组织中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8的含量,从而达到镇痛抗炎的功效。
土元:咸,寒,有小毒,归肝经。本品咸寒入血,性善走窜,能破血逐瘀,消积通经。现代药理研究,土元提取液及水提醇沉液分别有抗血栓形成和溶解血栓的作用;提取物可抑制血小板聚集和粘附率,减少聚集数。
三七粉:甘、微苦,性温,归肝、胃经,有散瘀止血、消肿定痛之效。本品具有“止血不留淤,行血不伤新”的双向调节作用,可恢复毛细血管通透性,增加静脉张力,改善局部微循环,促使血浆-淋巴屏障通透性下降,缓解肿胀。
炙甘草:甘,平,归心、肺、脾、胃经。补脾益气,清热解毒,祛痰止咳,缓急止痛,调和诸药。现代研究表明,甘草含有多种化学成分,如甘草酸、甘草次酸、甘草酸多糖等,具有抗炎、抗过敏作用,可提高机体的免疫作用。
更进一步的,发明人对上述的药物组分进行了合理的优化,最终获得了下述技术方案:该药物的主要组分按重量份计为:
土茯苓30份,泽兰30份,白术20份,虎杖15份,威灵仙15份,独活15份,桑寄生30份,车前子12份,川芎15份,忍冬藤20份,青风藤20份,络石藤20份,海风藤20份,桑枝20份,秦皮9份,陈皮12份,土元12份,三七粉3份,炙甘草6份。
在上述药物组成的基础上,发明人进一步提供了其制备及服用方法如下:
首先称取各味中药,其中三七粉后续冲服,除三七粉外,余药加水没过药面3-5厘米为止,浸泡1.5-2小时,大火煮沸,之后文火煎熬40-50分钟,将药汁过滤出备用,向药渣内再次加水,没过药渣面1-2厘米为止,大火煮沸,之后文火煎熬20-30分钟,将药汁滤出后与上述药汁合并即得中药煎液,服用时冲入三七粉即可。
优选地,车前子包煎,将车前子用布包袋包起来,再跟其他药物一起煎煮,是因为车前子含有黏液质,粘性较大,如果不“包煎”,很容易糊化,不仅会粘锅底,还会使药液变得浑浊,难以服用。
服用方法:每日1剂,分早晚两次,饭后1-2小时温服。
利用本发明的组方和制备方法获得的药物,应用于临床,疗效是十分显著的,发明人经过大量的试验证明,与现在临床常用的治疗痛风药物依托考昔片相比,本发明的药物组合物具有显著疗效,在降低尿酸水平、改善疼痛等临床症状、提高患者生存质量方面具有显著优势,且复发率较低。因此本发明的技术方案从理论到临床效果都有明显优势。在实际的病况中,可以选择本发明的组方配合西药(如依托考昔片)共同使用。
综上所述,本发明以独活寄生汤合五藤饮为基础,结合传统中医理论,依据病证结合理论,获得了专用于治疗痛风的中药组合物,健脾以益气,利浊使气行,气充则血行,血行络亦通,诸药合用,共奏健脾利湿泄浊、活血化瘀通络之功,对降低尿酸、改善痛风疼痛等症状、提高患者生活质量等方面效果卓著。
具体实施方式
本发明不受下述实施例的限制,下述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。
下述药方中,车前子包煎,将车前子用布包袋包起来,再跟其他药物一起煎煮。
实施例1
一种治疗痛风的中药组合物,由以下药物制得:
土茯苓30g,泽兰30g,白术20g,虎杖15g,威灵仙15g,独活15g,桑寄生30g,车前子12g,川芎15g,忍冬藤20g,青风藤20g,络石藤20g,海风藤20g,桑枝20g,秦皮9g,陈皮12g,土元12g,三七粉3g,炙甘草6g。
其制备方法如下:
(1)首先按原料的配比称出各味中药,除三七粉外,混合均匀,其中车前子单包(车前子用布包袋包起来),加入1200ml冷水,浸泡1.5小时;
(2)将混合好的原料药用大火煮沸,文火煎煮45分钟,用纱布过滤得到滤液和药渣;
(3)将步骤(2)中得到的药渣与550ml热水混合后进行煎煮,所述的热水是温度为80℃的纯净水,大火煮沸,文火煎煮25分钟后再次用纱布过滤得到滤液和药渣;
(4)将步骤(2)中得到的滤液和步骤(3)中得到的滤液混合,服用时冲入三七粉,即得治疗痛风的中药煎液。
实施例2
一种治疗痛风的中药组合物,由以下药物制得:
土茯苓30g,泽兰25g,白术15g,虎杖12g,威灵仙12g,独活12g,桑寄生20g,车前子9g,川芎12g,忍冬藤20g,青风藤20g,络石藤20g,海风藤15g,桑枝15g,秦皮6g,陈皮9g,土元9g,三七粉3g,炙甘草3g。
其制备方法如下:
(1)先按原料的配比称出各味中药,除三七粉外,混合均匀,其中车前子单包(车前子用布包袋包起来),加入900ml冷水,浸泡1.5小时;
(2)将混合好的原料药用大火煮沸,文火煎煮40分钟,用纱布过滤得到滤液和药渣;
(3)将步骤(2)中得到的药渣与400ml热水混合后进行煎煮,所述的热水是温度为80℃的纯净水,大火煮沸,文火煎煮20分钟后再次用纱布过滤得到滤液和药渣;
(4)将步骤(2)中得到的滤液和步骤(3)中得到的滤液混合,服用时冲入三七粉,即得治疗痛风的中药煎液。
实施例3
一种治疗痛风的中药组合物,由以下药物制得:
土茯苓40g,泽兰40g,白术25g,虎杖20g,威灵仙20g,独活20g,桑寄生40g,车前子15g,川芎20g,忍冬藤30g,青风藤30g,络石藤30g,海风藤25g,桑枝30g,秦皮9g,陈皮15g,土元15g,三七粉5g,炙甘草9g。
其制备方法如下:
(1)先按原料的配比称出各味中药,除三七粉外,混合均匀,其中车前子单包(车前子用布包袋包起来),加入1500ml冷水,浸泡1.5小时;
(2)将混合好的原料药用大火煮沸,文火煎煮50分钟,用纱布过滤得到滤液和药渣;
(3)将步骤(2)中得到的药渣与600ml热水混合后进行煎煮,所述的热水是温度为80℃的纯净水,大火煮沸,文火煎煮30分钟后再次用纱布过滤得到滤液和药渣;
(4)将步骤(2)中得到的滤液和步骤(3)中得到的滤液混合,服用时冲入三七粉,即得治疗痛风的中药煎液。
实施例4
一种治疗痛风的中药组合物,由以下药物制得:
土茯苓35g,泽兰35g,白术25g,虎杖18g,威灵仙18g,独活18g,桑寄生35g,车前子15g,川芎18g,忍冬藤25g,青风藤25g,络石藤25g,海风藤25g,桑枝25g,秦皮12g,陈皮15g,土元15g,三七粉4g,炙甘草8g。
其制备方法如下:
(1)先按原料的配比称出各味中药,除三七粉外,混合均匀,其中车前子单包(车前子用布包袋包起来),加入1300ml冷水,浸泡1.5小时;
(2)将混合好的原料药用大火煮沸,文火煎煮50分钟,用纱布过滤得到滤液和药渣;
(3)将步骤(2)中得到的药渣与600ml热水混合后进行煎煮,所述的热水是温度为80℃的纯净水,大火煮沸,文火煎煮30分钟后再次用纱布过滤得到滤液和药渣;
(4)将步骤(2)中得到的滤液和步骤(3)中得到的滤液混合,服用时冲入三七粉,即得治疗痛风的中药煎液。
实验例
1.临床资料
1.1研究对象来源及样本量:
研究选取对象:2019年6月-2022年12月山东中医药大学第二附属医院内分泌科门诊及住院的病人。选择符合病例标准的患者50例,按随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组各25例。记录治疗前、治疗7天、治疗14天相关数据结果,观察治疗时间为14天。
1.2诊断标准:
1.2.1西医诊断标准:
参照1977年美国风湿病学会(ACR)制订的痛风诊断标准,具体如下:
(1)关节液中有特异性尿酸盐结晶。
(2)用化学方法或偏振光显微镜证实痛风石中含有尿酸钠盐结晶。
(3)具备以下12条(临床、实验室、X线表现)中6条:①急性关节炎发作>1次。②炎症表现在1天内达到高峰。③单关节炎发作。④可见关节发红。⑤第一跖趾关节疼痛或肿胀。⑥单侧第一跖趾关节受累。⑦单侧跗骨关节受累。⑧可疑的痛风石。⑨高尿酸血症。⑩不对称的关节内肿胀(X线证实)。无骨质侵蚀的骨皮质下囊肿(X线证实)。关节炎发作期时关节液微生物培养阴性。(1)(2)(3)条中,符合以上任何一项即可确诊。
1.2.2中医诊断标准
①多为单个趾指关节发病,猝然红肿疼痛,逐渐痛剧如虎咬,昼轻夜甚,反复发作,可伴发热、头痛等症。
②多见于中老年男子,可有痛风家族史。常因劳累、暴饮暴食、过量摄入高嘌呤食物、饮酒及外感风寒等诱发。
③初起可单关节发病,以第一跖趾关节为多见。继则足踝、跟、手指和其他小关节,出现红肿热痛,甚则关节腔可渗液。反复发作后,可伴有关节周围及耳廓、耳轮及趾、指骨间出现“块瘰”(痛风石)。
④血尿酸、尿尿酸增高。发作期白细胞总数可增高。
⑤必要时作肾B超探测、尿常规、肾功能等检查,以了解痛风后肾病变情况。X线摄片检查:可示软骨缘邻近关节的骨质有不整齐的穿凿样圆形缺损。
1.2.3中医证候诊断标准参照中华人民共和国中医药行业标准《中医病证诊断疗效标准》(ZY/T001.1-94),参考《实用中医风湿病学》,确定脾虚湿盛夹瘀证的诊断标准为:
主症:肢体关节红肿刺痛,或无明显疼痛,局部肿胀变形,麻木,屈伸不利。次症:乏力身困,头晕头痛,肌肤甲错,口渴但不欲饮,纳食减少,胺腹胀满,
大便稀溏。
舌脉:舌质暗淡,或有瘀斑,苔白腻或黄腻,脉沉细或弦滑。
具有主症和任意3项次症+舌脉即可做出脾虚湿盛夹瘀证的诊断。
1.3病例选择标准
1.3.1纳入标准:
(1)符合痛风诊断标准及中医证候诊断标准者;
(2)临床资料完整,至少包括一般情况、病史、临床症状和处方用药;
(3)临床以痛风症状为主,若合并其他疾病,其他疾病应处于相对稳定状态;
(4)18岁≤年龄≤65岁,性别不限;
(5)具有正常的语言交流能力及思维能力;
(6)知情同意,志愿受试。
1.3.2排除标准
(1)符合双重证候诊断标准者;
(2)妊娠或哺乳期妇女;
(3)各种原因所致不能规律服药、无法判断疗效、病例缺失等患者;
(4)合并其它骨关节炎疾病者,如类风湿关节炎、银屑病关节炎、强直性脊柱炎等严重的骨关节炎患者;
(5)合并心血管、肝、肾和造血系统严重疾病等非甾体抗炎药禁忌者;
(6)有精神类疾患病患者;
(7)继发性痛风患者。
1.3.3脱落标准
(1)发生严重不良事件、并发症不宜继续接受治疗者;
(2)受试者依从性差,使用药物达不到规定量的80%或超过规定量的120%;
(3)治疗过程中自行退出或失访者;
(4)未完成整个疗程而影响疗效或安全性判断者;
(5)资料不全,影响有效性和安全性判断者。
1.3.4脱落病例的处理
(1)当受试者脱落后,研究者应尽可能与受试者联系,询问理由、尽可能完成的评估项目;
(2)脱落病例均是进行全分析集统计所需,脱落病人无需另补。
1.3.5剔除(终止)标准
(1)观察期间发生过敏等严重不良反应、不良事件等,难以继续维持治疗;
(2)病程中病情加重,作无效病例处理;
(3)临床试验方案实施中发生严重偏差;
(4)受试者在临床试验过程中要求退出。
2.研究方法
2.1研究设计:
选取符合条件的痛风患者50例,应用SPSS25.0统计软件将患者编号,按照1:1比例,随机分给对照组与治疗组各25例。试验组与对照组运用不同的方法治疗14天,分别观察治疗前、治疗后临床效果。收集患者基本信息包括:人口学特征包括性别,年龄。病史特征:首次发病时间、首发部位、首发症状、病程、既往史、饮酒史、吸烟史、家族史、既往治疗情况(排除是否为继发性痛风)等。
2.2治疗方法
2.2.1基础治疗:①禁烟,禁酒;②禁食嘌呤含量高的食物(如海鲜、羊肉等);③规律运动,避免剧烈运动或突然受凉;④减少富含果糖饮料的饮用量;⑤每日饮水量达2000ml以上;⑥控制体重;⑦多食用新鲜蔬菜;⑧规律饮食和作息。2.2.2分组治疗:
(1)对照组:
给予基础治疗并口服非甾体抗炎药依托考昔片(商品名安康信,5片/盒,每片60mg,国药准字H2018027,Via Complutense 14028805Alcala De Henares Madrid,Spain)120mg,每日1次。
(2)试验组:
给予基础治疗并服用实施例1的药物组合物(应用实施例1的药方、工艺煎煮获得药液200ml,分早晚两次温服,每次100ml)。
对照组和试验组观察时间均为14天,后定期随访,了解患者治疗前后主观症状改善情况、实验室检查改善情况及记录其不良反应、复发情况。
2.3观察指标
两组患者治疗前后关节疼痛VAS评分、关节压痛、关节肿胀度、受累关节处皮色、关节皮温、关节功能受限度、关节疼痛缓解时间、发热程度、口渴程度、尿酸、血沉、CRP。
1)关节疼痛VAS评分:
0分:无痛
0-3分:有轻微的疼痛,基本不影响患者的工作和生活
4分-6分:患者疼痛并影响睡眠,对生活有轻度影响,尚能忍受
7分-10分:患者有渐强烈的疼痛,疼痛难忍,影响食欲,影响睡眠
2)关节压痛指数:
0分:无压痛
1度(1分):用力按压稍有疼痛
2度(2分):稍用力按压即感疼痛
3度(3分):压痛明显,不可触碰
3)关节肿胀指数:
0分:无肿胀
1度(1分):轻微肿胀,关节纹理变浅,肿胀程度尚未超过其附近骨突,关节的骨性标
志明显
2度(2分):中度肿胀,肿胀与附近骨突相平,皮肤纹理消失
3度(3分):重度肿胀,皮肤紧,肿胀高出附近骨突或呈漫肿
4)受累关节皮色指数:
0分:肤色正常
1度(1分):皮肤色淡,稍红
2度(2分):皮肤色红,色泽明显
3度(3分):皮肤色鲜红,皮色发亮
5)皮温指数:
0分:皮温正常
1度(1分):无明显触热
2度(2分):轻微触热
3度(3分):明显触热
6)关节活动度指数:
0分:活动不受限
1度(1分):轻度受限,尚可从事正常活动
2度(2分):明显受限,不能从事正常活动,可自理
3度(3分):重度受限,只可卧床或坐卧
7)疼痛缓解时间:记录患者自觉疼痛明显缓解的时间(以小时为单位)
8)发热指数:
0分:<37.0℃
1度(1分):37.0-37.9℃
2度(2分):38.0-38.9℃
3度(3分):39.0-39.9℃
9)口渴程度评分:
0分:无口渴
1度(1分):轻度口渴
2度(2分):口渴,饮后可缓解
3度(3分):口渴较甚,饮后缓解不明显
10)实验室指标:治疗各个时间点的UA、ESR、CRP。
说明:舌脉为证候重要诊断依据,不计入计分
2.4疾病疗效判定标准
参照2002年制定的《中药新药临床研究指导原则》标准执行:
显效:主要症状、体征整体改善率≥70%。尿酸、血沉、CRP正常或明显改善或接近正常。
有效:主要症状、体征整体改善率≥30%。尿酸、血沉、CRP有改善或无改善。无效:主要症状、体征整体改善率≤30%。尿酸、血沉、CRP无改善。
注:主要症状、体征是指关节疼痛及所有中医证候积分所观察的临床症状。整体改善率是指关节VAS评分、中医证候积分等指数的改善百分率即[(治疗前值一治疗后值)/治疗前值×100%]相加后求其平均值。
2.5疾病复发率
治疗结束8周后,随访患者疾病复发情况,记录临床复发率。
2.6安全性评价
治疗前后分别检测血常规、尿常规、肝功能、肾功能,并观测患者自觉症状,如头痛、头晕、恶心、呕吐、月经不调等,随时记录治疗过程中的各类其他不良反应。
2.7统计学分析
采用SPSS27.0统计软件进行统计分析。计量资料用均数±标准差表示,符合正态分布用t检验,不符合正态分布用秩和检验,其中两组治疗过程中的关节疼痛评分以及临床生化指标采用多重测量方差分析以及多变量方差分析进行统计分析;等级资料采用秩和检验;计数资料采用χ2检验或Finsher确切概率法。若P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义,P<0.01表示差异有显著统计学意义,P>0.05则差异无统计学意义。
3结果与分析
3.1一般资料
本临床研究总共纳入符合观察标准的痛风患者50人,试验组25人,男性24人,女性1人,对照组25人,男性23人,女性2人。
表1两组一般资料分布
使用连续校正卡方检验,得出两组性别无统计学差异(P>0.05);两组年龄符合正态分布及方差齐性,经t检验,P>0.05,无显著差异。
3.2两组治疗前后疼痛VAS评分比较
表2两组治疗前后疼痛VAS评分
两组患者治疗前关节疼痛VAS评分数据检验结果显示P=0.173>0.05,无明显差异。试验组治疗前后数据检验结果显示P<0.01,有明显差异;对照组治疗前后数据检验结果显示P<0.01,有统计学差异;两组治疗后数据检验结果显示P<0.01,有显著统计学差异。
3.3两组治疗前后炎症指标比较
表3两组治疗前后炎症指标比较
两组患者治疗前CRP数据检验结果显示P=0.308>0.05,无明显差异。试验组治疗前后CRP数据检验结果显示P<0.01,有统计学差异;对照组治疗前后CRP数据检验结果显示P<0.01,有统计学差异;两组治疗后检验结果显示P<0.01,有明显差异。两组患者治疗前ESR数据检验结果显示P=0.845>0.05,无明显差异。试验组治疗前后ESR数据检验结果显示P<0.01,有明显差异;对照组治疗前后ESR数据检验结果显示P=0.06>0.05,无统计学意义;两组治疗后数据检验结果显示P=0.932>0.05,无明显差异。
3.4两组治疗前后血尿酸比较
表4两组治疗前后血尿酸比较(μmol/L)
两组患者治疗前血尿酸数据检验结果显示P=0.244>0.05,无明显差异。试验组治疗前后血尿酸数据检验结果显示P<0.01,有显著统计学差异;对照组治疗前后血尿酸数据检验结果显示P<0.01,有统计学差异;两组治疗后数据检验结果显示P<0.01,有明显差异。
3.5两组治疗前后中医证候积分比较
表5两组治疗前后中医证候积分比较
两组患者治疗后中医证候分项中关节单项积分(关节压痛、关节肿胀、皮色、皮温、活动度)都有明显的改善,试验组和对照组治疗前后各单项之间比较均存在差异(P<0.01)。对照组治疗后发热程度(P=0.245)和口渴程度(P=0.687)较治疗前均具有未明显改变,差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05);试验组治疗后发热程度和口渴程度较前均具有明显降低,具有统计学意义(P<0.01),以上结果表明两组均能降低关节压痛、关节肿胀、皮色、皮温、活动度症状,试验组还能有效改善患者发热、口渴的症状。
3.6两组临床疗效情况
表6临床症状疗效情况
治疗14天后,试验组总有效率为96%,对照组总有效率为76%,试验组与对照组比较,单向有序列联表资料采用非参数检验,Z=-2.017,P=0.044<0.05,差异有统计学意义。
3.7两组临床复发率
表7临床复发率比较
治疗结束8周后,试验组2人复发,复发率8%,对照组7人复发,复发率28%。试验组与对照组比较,P<0.01,差异有显著统计学意义。(见表7)
3.7药物安全性评价
治疗前后,试验组及对照组患者生命体征,尿常规,肝、肾功能均正常。
不良反应具体情况如下:在本研究治疗过程中,治疗组无不良反应;对照组中有5例患者出现腹胀、纳差,患者可耐受并自行缓解,未予特殊处理,总不良反应约占16%。
具体病例
病例1
患者曹某,男,46岁。主诉:右膝肿胀疼痛5天。现病史:患者自诉8年前因双膝疼痛于当地医院就诊,查血尿酸示536μmol/L,诊断为痛风。现患者5天前无明显诱因出现右膝肿胀疼痛,伴右侧第一跖骨部位红肿疼痛,夜间症状加重,自服双氯芬酸钠,效一般,纳可眠差,小便色黄,大便调。舌红苔黄厚腻,脉弦。既往史:痛风病史8年,高血压病史2年,脂肪肝病史10年。体格检查:患者右膝红肿,局部皮肤发热,关节活动轻度僵硬,浮髌试验(-)。实验室检验:血尿酸542μmol/L,CRP:23.2mg/L,ESR:60mm/60min。(2019.8.30于山东中医药大学第二附属医院就诊)。辨证分型:痛风—湿热蕴结证。药方:土茯苓30g,泽兰30g,白术20g,虎杖15g,威灵仙15g,独活15g,桑寄生30g,车前子12g,川芎15g,忍冬藤20g,青风藤20g,络石藤20g,海风藤20g,桑枝20g,秦皮9g,陈皮12g,土元12g,三七粉3g,炙甘草6g,按照实施例1制备方法获得的中药煎液,每日1剂200ml,分早晚两次温服,服用时冲入三七粉,每次100ml,7付。另嘱每日大量饮水,饮食清淡,忌食高嘌呤饮食物,注意休息、保暖。
2019.9.6二诊:患者服药后1天余疼痛明显缓解。现右膝肿胀疼痛减轻,右侧第一跖骨部位疼痛较前明显缓解,仍有轻度肿胀,皮温稍高,皮色变暗,睡眠改善,纳可,小便色稍黄,大便调,舌红苔黄腻,脉弦。复查血尿酸:491mmol/L,CRP:15.4mg/L,ESR:52mm/60min。上方继服7付。
2019.9.13三诊:局部关节无红肿热痛,活动不受限,可进行日常活动。纳眠可,二便调,舌红苔黄白,脉微弦。复查血尿酸:480mmol/L,CRP:8.2mg/L,ESR:31mm/60min。上方继服7付。两周后随访患者诸症消失,实验室指标均恢复正常。
病例2
患者王某,男,28岁。主诉:右足第一跖趾关节肿痛1天。现病史:患者2天前因过量食用海鲜及饮酒,于昨日凌晨出现右足第一跖趾关节肿痛,数小时后出现局部皮肤红热、关节肿胀,疼痛剧烈难忍,未予诊治。现症:右足第一跖趾关节肿胀明显,皮色鲜红发亮,皮温高,自诉疼痛剧烈难忍,夜间加重,疼痛致彻夜难眠,压痛明显,不可触碰,行动受限。无发热,平日饮水量少,口干,饮水后可缓解。伴腹胀,时有噎嗝,纳差,无恶心、反酸。小便黄,便溏,1日3行,舌红,舌体胖大,脉滑数。既往体健,否认家族性遗传病史,否认过敏史。查血尿酸:551mmol/L,CRP:23.1mg/L,ESR:61mm/60min。余(-)。(2020.10.2于山东中医药大学第二附属医院就诊)。辨证分型:痛风—湿热蕴结证。土茯苓30g,泽兰30g,白术20g,虎杖15g,威灵仙15g,独活15g,桑寄生30g,车前子12g,川芎15g,忍冬藤20g,青风藤20g,络石藤20g,海风藤20g,桑枝20g,秦皮9g,陈皮12g,土元12g,三七粉3g,炙甘草6g,按照实施例1制备方法获得的中药煎液,每日1剂200ml,分早晚两次温服,服用时冲入三七粉,每次100ml,5付。另嘱每日大量饮水,饮食清淡,忌食高嘌呤饮食物,注意休息、保暖。
2020.10.7二诊:患者服药2天后疼痛明显缓解。现右足第一跖趾关节肿胀较前明显缓解,仍有轻度肿胀,皮温稍高,稍疼痛,轻度按压痛,皮色变暗,不可久站。腹胀稍缓解,纳尚可,口微渴,小便色稍黄,便溏,1日2行。舌红苔薄黄,舌体胖大,脉滑数。复查血尿酸:500mmol/L,CRP:16.6mg/L,ESR:49mm/60min。上方继服7付。
2020.10.14三诊:局部关节无红肿热痛,活动不受限,可进行日常活动。无腹胀,饭后偶有嗝气。纳寐可,偶便溏,1日1行。舌红苔白,舌体胖大,脉沉数。复查血尿酸:478mmol/L,CRP:8.4mg/L,ESR:40mm/60min。上方继服7付。两周后随访患者诸症消失,实验室指标均恢复正常。
可见,本发明所获得的专用于治疗痛风的中药组合物,治疗总有效率为96%,复发率为8%,疗效显著。本发明提供的一种治疗痛风的中药组合物,健脾以益气,利浊使气行,气充则血行,血行络亦通,诸药合用,共奏健脾利湿泄浊、活血化瘀通络之功,对降低尿酸、改善痛风疼痛等症状、提高患者生活质量等方面效果卓著。
Claims (5)
1.一种治疗痛风的中药组合物,其特征在于:其主要组分按重量份计为:土茯苓20-40份,泽兰20-40份,白术10-30份,虎杖10-20份,威灵仙10-20份,独活10-20份,桑寄生20-40份,车前子9-15份,川芎10-20份,忍冬藤20-30份,青风藤20-30份,络石藤20-30份,海风藤15-25份,桑枝10-30份,秦皮6-12份,陈皮9-15份,土元9-15份,三七粉1-5份,炙甘草3-9份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗痛风的中药组合物,其特征在于:其主要组分按重量份计为:土茯苓25-35份,泽兰25-35份,白术15-25份,虎杖12-18份,威灵仙12-18份,独活12-18份,桑寄生25-35份,车前子10-15份,川芎12-18份,忍冬藤20-25份,青风藤20-25份,络石藤20-25份,海风藤20-25份,桑枝15-25份,秦皮7-12份,陈皮10-15份,土元10-15份,三七粉2-4份,炙甘草3-8份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种治疗痛风的中药组合物,其特征在于:其主要组分按重量份计为:土茯苓30份,泽兰30份,白术20份,虎杖15份,威灵仙15份,独活15份,桑寄生30份,车前子12份,川芎15份,忍冬藤20份,青风藤20份,络石藤20份,海风藤20份,桑枝20份,秦皮9份,陈皮12份,土元12份,三七粉3份,炙甘草6份。
4.任一权利要求1-3所述的一种治疗痛风的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:具体步骤如下:首先称取各味中药,除三七粉外,余药加水没过药面3-5厘米为止,浸泡1.5-2小时,大火煮沸,之后文火煎熬40-50分钟,将药汁过滤出备用;向药渣内再次加水,没过药渣面1-2厘米为止,大火煮沸,之后文火煎熬20-30分钟,将药汁滤出后与上述药汁合并即得中药煎液,服用时冲入三七粉即可。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种治疗痛风的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述车前子包煎。
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