CN117004024A - 一种氨基聚芳醚环氧固化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种氨基聚芳醚环氧固化剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- PLVUIVUKKJTSDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoro-4-(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonylbenzene Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 PLVUIVUKKJTSDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- HKCNCNXZAZPKDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4,4-difluorocyclohexa-1,5-dien-1-yl)-phenylmethanone Chemical compound C1=CC(F)(F)CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HKCNCNXZAZPKDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- GPAPPPVRLPGFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 GPAPPPVRLPGFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- MQJKPEGWNLWLTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dapsone Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 MQJKPEGWNLWLTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 3
- NZGQHKSLKRFZFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)phenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NZGQHKSLKRFZFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RLSMYIFSFZLJQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)phenoxy]phenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1OC(C=C1)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RLSMYIFSFZLJQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- VCCBEIPGXKNHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenyl-4,4'-diol Chemical group C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VCCBEIPGXKNHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G75/20—Polysulfones
- C08G75/23—Polyethersulfones
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/50—Amines
- C08G59/504—Amines containing an atom other than nitrogen belonging to the amine group, carbon and hydrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08G65/38—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols
- C08G65/40—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols from phenols (I) and other compounds (II), e.g. OH-Ar-OH + X-Ar-X, where X is halogen atom, i.e. leaving group
- C08G65/4012—Other compound (II) containing a ketone group, e.g. X-Ar-C(=O)-Ar-X for polyetherketones
- C08G65/4018—(I) or (II) containing halogens other than as leaving group (X)
- C08G65/4025—(I) or (II) containing fluorine other than as leaving group (X)
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- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
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- C08G65/38—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols
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- C08G65/4093—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols from phenols (I) and other compounds (II), e.g. OH-Ar-OH + X-Ar-X, where X is halogen atom, i.e. leaving group characterised by the process or apparatus used
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Abstract
一种氨基聚芳醚环氧固化剂及其制备方法,属于高分子材料技术领域。是在高纯氮气保护下,将反应原料和成盐剂、带水剂加入到有机溶剂中,升温溶解后加热至回流并去除带水剂,然后升温反应,降温后得到粘稠的溶液,出料于冰水中得到白色产物,粉碎后在氮气保护下用蒸馏水和无水乙醇热洗,真空烘干后得到所述氨基聚芳醚环氧固化剂粉末,其相对于传统固化剂分子量更大,通过调整投料比来控制分子链氨基含量,进而调控分子中的胺基密度来调控固化后的交联密度,来提高不同材料的硬度、强度和耐久性,从而延长使用寿命;根据固化剂的化学结构和固化条件,可以获得具有高韧性、耐化学品腐蚀性、高强高硬度、高粘结强度、高耐热性等性能的交联网络体系。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料技术领域,具体涉及一种氨基聚芳醚环氧固化剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
环氧树脂是一类应用广泛和性能优异的高分子材料,要满足不同应用领域的不同性能要求,一般是通过改变环氧树脂固化剂的种类、结构和性能来达到目的。为了将环氧树脂转化为坚硬的、不粘稠的热固性网络,必须使用环氧树脂固化剂。固化可以通过催化固化剂引发的均聚反应或与多功能固化剂的共聚反应进行。然而普通环氧树脂固化后耐温性以及耐化学品性较差,大大限制了其应用与推广。另外,受环氧树脂高交联密度的影响,交联网络中会出现微裂纹和孔洞的现象。因此,进行新型环氧树脂固化剂的结构设计、合成和应用方面的研究,无疑具有重要的实际意义。
环氧树脂固化剂种类繁多、原料易得、固化工艺简单、反应安全性好,使其应用广泛,主要包括:脂肪胺及其衍生物、脂环族多胺及其衍生物以及芳香多胺及其衍生物。其中,芳香胺的碱性比脂肪族或环脂肪族多胺低,与环氧树脂反应缓慢。通常情况下,它们在寿命很长,在使用时通过高温固化才能获得最佳性能,被认为是较有发展前景的固化剂之一。本发明所述的氨基聚芳醚固化剂在高温下运行时能保持较高的机械性能和良好的热稳定性,同时还可以通过调节氨基含量来调控交联密度,相比于商用小分子芳香固化剂,有利于提高耐热性和机械性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种氨基聚芳醚环氧固化剂及其制备方法,使其相对于传统固化剂分子量更大,通过调整投料比来控制分子链氨基含量,进而调控分子中的胺基密度来调控固化后的交联密度,来提高不同材料的硬度、强度和耐久性,从而延长使用寿命(性能数据见表2)。根据固化剂的化学结构和固化条件,可以获得具有高韧性、耐化学品腐蚀性、高强高硬度、高粘结强度、高耐热性等性能的交联网络体系。
本发明所述的一种氨基聚芳醚环氧固化剂的制备方法,其步骤如下:
(1)高纯氮气保护下,将反应原料和成盐剂、带水剂加入到有机溶剂中,升温至70~90℃搅拌溶解1~3小时,再加热至回流并继续搅拌3~6h,去除带水剂;然后升温至160~200℃反应5~10小时,降温至100~110℃后得到粘稠的溶液,出料于冰水中得到白色产物;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的白色产物粉碎,然后在氮气保护下用蒸馏水和无水乙醇于80~100℃下分别搅拌热洗5~8遍,真空烘箱中90~110℃烘干后得到本发明所述的氨基聚芳醚环氧固化剂粉末,其结构式如下:
M、N是正整数,表示聚合单元的数量;M:N依据2,2-双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷与二羟基芳香类单体投料比确定,2,2-双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷与二羟基芳香类单体的摩尔量之比为0.3~3:1,即M:N=0.3~3:1。
Ar为
中的一种或多种;
步骤(1)中所使用的反应原料为4,4’-二氟二苯砜、4,4’-二氯二苯砜、4,4-二氟二苯甲酮单体中的一种与2,2-双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷、二羟基芳香类单体的混合;
4,4’-二氟二苯砜、4,4’-二氯二苯砜、4,4-二氟二苯甲酮的结构式分别如下所示:
二羟基芳香类单体的结构式如下之一所示,
2,2-双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷的结构式如下所示:
步骤(1)中所使用的有机溶剂是丙酮、环丁砜(TMS)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)或N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)中的一种或多种;溶剂中反应原料总的固含量为10~20%(质量百分数);
步骤(1)中所使用的成盐剂为无水碳酸钾(K2CO3)。
步骤(1)中所使用的带水剂为甲苯。
步骤(1)中回流温度为130~150℃。
步骤(1)中反应原料投料比,2,2-双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷与二羟基芳香类单体的摩尔量和与4,4’-二氟二苯砜、4,4’-二氯二苯砜或4,4-二氟二苯甲酮单体的摩尔量之比为0.9~1:1;2,2-双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷与二羟基芳香类单体的摩尔量之比为0.3~3:1。
2,2-双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷与成盐剂的摩尔量之比为1:1.1。
带水剂与溶剂的体积用量之比为2:3。
附图说明
图1:实施例1制备的氨基聚芳醚环氧固化剂的TGA曲线;表明实施例1制备的氨基聚芳醚具有良好的耐热性;
图2:实施例1制备的氨基聚芳醚环氧固化剂的核磁谱图。表明实施例1制备的氨基聚芳醚成功合成;
图3:实施例1制得的固化剂与环氧树脂混合固化后得到的四条不同升温速率的DSC曲线;
固化是将环氧树脂与本发明所述的氨基聚芳醚固化剂均匀混合于溶剂中进行固化,溶剂为N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、乙醇、丙酮中的一种或几种;氨基聚芳醚固化剂的用量为氨基聚芳醚固化剂和环氧树脂用量之和的30~40wt%,均匀混合的搅拌转速为500~1000r/min,搅拌时间为20~40min。得到的四条曲线升温速率分别为5℃/min、10℃/min、15℃/min、20℃/min,升温速率增加,各条DSC曲线的放热峰值温度随之升高。升温速率增加,单位时间内产生的热效应增大,温度差也增大,固化反应放热峰相应的想高温方向移动,固化反应加快。
放热峰起始位置反应温度(Ti)、峰顶温度(Tp)和终止温度(Tf),随着升温速率加快,Ti、Tf和Tf向高温区移动。为了精确固化剂固化温度,将不同速率下的Ti、Tf和Tf列于表1中。
表1:不同升温速率下氨基聚芳醚固化剂固化E12树脂的温度与热流曲线(DSC)数据
对不同下的Ti、Tf和Tf运用线性回归,确定该体系最佳固化条件为135℃、146℃和157℃各2h。
图4:二氨基二苯砜(DDS)与E12环氧树脂固化后及本发明固化剂与E12环氧树脂固化后涂层的电化学bode图;
涂层在质量分数3.5%的盐水中浸泡30天后,本发明的氨基聚芳醚环氧固化体系(实线)在低频时阻值在1011左右,表明涂层仍具有良好的屏蔽效果和防腐蚀性能;而商用小分子固化剂体系(虚线)在低频时阻值下降至108附近,屏蔽效果和防腐蚀性能下降,表明盐水已经进入涂层,但未触及底材。涂层的性能数据见表2,可见本发明氨基聚芳醚固化剂与E12环氧树脂固化后涂层硬度和耐冲击明显高于DDS与E12环氧树脂固化后涂层。
使用的商业小分子固化剂二氨基二苯砜(DDS)的结构式如下所示,
表2:DDS与E12环氧树脂固化后及本发明氨基聚芳醚固化剂与E12环氧树脂固化后涂层性能数据
附着力 | 硬度 | 耐冲击(Kd·cm) | 厚度μm | |
氨基聚芳醚+E12 | 0级 | 4H | 50 | 55-60 |
DDS+E12 | 1级 | 3H | 40 | 55-60 |
1、样板涂层附着力参考GB/T1720-1979《漆膜附着力测定法》进行测试。
2、样板涂层厚度参考GB/T1764-1979《漆膜厚度测定法》进行测试。
3、样板涂层硬度参考GB/T6739-2006《漆膜铅笔硬度测定法》进行测试。
4、样板涂层耐冲击性能参考GB/T20624.1-2006《漆膜耐冲击测定法》进行测试。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明,不用于限制本发明。
因此,本说明书中记载的实施例的构成仅为本发明的最优选的一个实施例,并不代表所有本发明的技术思想,因此应当理解在提出本申请时可以存在能够代替这些实施例的多种等同物和变形例。
本说明书中,除非上下文中另有明确规定,则单数的表达包括复数的表达。本说明书中,应当理解的是,“包含”、“具备”或“具有”等用语旨在指定实施的特征、数字、步骤、构成要素或它们的组合的存在,并非预先排除一个以上的其他特征、数字、步骤、构成要素或它们的组合的存在或附加可能性。
本说明书中,在量、浓度或其他值或参数以范围、优选的范围或优选的上限值以及优选的下限值的列举来给出的情况下,应当理解为无论范围是否单独公开都具体公开了任意一对由任意上侧范围限值或优选的值以及任意下侧范围限值或优选的值所形成的所有范围。
在本说明书中提及数值范围的情况下,除非另行描述,则该范围旨在包括端点及其范围内的所有整数和分数。本发明的范畴并不旨在限定为定义范围时所提及的特定值。
实施例1
本发明具体实施方式提供了一种氨基聚芳醚环氧固化剂及其制备方法,其制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)高纯氮气氛围下,在装有机械搅拌装置、温度计、带水器、冷凝管以及氮气保护装置的三颈烧瓶中加入5.085g 4,4’-二氟二苯砜、5.1276g 2,2-双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷、1.2133g 4,4’-二羟基二苯醚和3.0406g无水碳酸钾,以64mL N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)为反应溶剂,反应原料的固含量为15%(质量百分数),加入42mL甲苯作为带水剂。
(2)升温至80℃搅拌溶解2个小时,再将体系温度升至140℃回流搅拌4个小时,蒸出甲苯,升温至170℃反应6个小时,然后降温到100℃得到粘稠的溶液,出料在冰水中得到白色纤维状粗产物。
(3)将得到的粗产物粉碎机粉碎后,氮气保护下用蒸馏水和无水乙醇于90℃下各热洗6遍,真空烘箱100℃烘干后得到氨基聚芳醚环氧固化剂粉末8.25g,其结构式如下所示,
本实施例中M:N=7:3,胺当量(固化剂相对分子质量/活泼氢数量)为190。
实施例2
(1)高纯氮气氛围下,在装有机械搅拌装置、温度计、带水器、冷凝管以及氮气保护装置的三颈烧瓶中加入5.085g 4,4’-二氟二苯砜、5.1276g 2,2-双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷、1.116g 4,4’-二羟基联苯、3.0406g无水碳酸钾,以64mL N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)为反应溶剂,反应原料的固含量为15%(质量百分数),加入42mL甲苯作为带水剂。
(2)升温至80℃搅拌溶解2个小时,体系温度升至130℃回流搅拌4个小时,蒸出甲苯,升温至170℃反应6个小时,然后降温到100℃得到粘稠的溶液,出料在冰水中得到白色纤维状粗产物。
(3)将得到的粗产物粉碎机粉碎后,氮气保护下用蒸馏水和无水乙醇于90℃下各热洗6遍,真空烘干后得到氨基聚芳醚环氧固化剂粉末,其结构式如下所示,
本实施例中M:N=7:3,胺当量(固化剂相对分子质量/活泼氢数量)为190。
实施例3
(1)高纯氮气氛围下,在装有机械搅拌装置、温度计、带水器、冷凝管以及氮气保护装置的三颈烧瓶中加入5.085g 4,4’-二氟二苯砜、5.1276g 2,2-双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷、1.7658g 4,4'-(1,4-亚苯基双(氧基))二苯酚、3.0406g无水碳酸钾,以64mL N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)为反应溶剂,反应原料的固含量为18%(质量百分数),加入42mL甲苯作为带水剂。
(2)升温至80℃搅拌溶解2个小时,体系温度升至130℃回流搅拌4个小时,蒸出甲苯,升温至170℃反应6个小时,然后降温到100℃得到粘稠的溶液,出料在冰水中得到白色纤维状粗产物。
(3)将得到的粗产物粉碎机粉碎后,氮气保护下用蒸馏水和无水乙醇于90℃下各热洗6遍,真空烘干后得到氨基聚芳醚环氧固化剂粉末,其结构式如下所示,
本实施例中M:N=7:3,胺当量(固化剂相对分子质量/活泼氢数量)为190。
实施例4
(1)高纯氮气氛围下,在装有机械搅拌装置、温度计、带水器、冷凝管以及氮气保护装置的三颈烧瓶中加入5.085g 4,4’-二氟二苯砜、3.6626g 2,2-双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷、2.0221g 4,4’-二羟基二苯醚和3.0406g无水碳酸钾,以42mL N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)为反应溶剂,反应原料的固含量为20%(质量百分数),加入28mL甲苯作为带水剂。
(2)升温至80℃搅拌溶解2个小时,再将体系温度升至150℃回流搅拌4个小时,蒸出甲苯,升温至190℃反应8个小时,然后降温到100℃得到粘稠的溶液,出料在冰水中得到白色纤维状粗产物。
(3)将得到的粗产物粉碎机粉碎后,氮气保护下用蒸馏水和无水乙醇于90℃下各热洗6遍,真空烘箱100℃烘干后得到氨基聚芳醚环氧固化剂粉末6.77g,其结构式如下所示,
本实施例中M:N=1:1,胺当量(固化剂相对分子质量/活泼氢数量)为250。
Claims (7)
1.一种氨基聚芳醚环氧固化剂,其特征在于:其结构式如下所示,
M、N是正整数,表示聚合单元的数量;且M:N=0.3~3:1;
Ar为
中的一种或多种。
2.权利要求1所述的一种氨基聚芳醚环氧固化剂的制备方法,其步骤如下:
(1)高纯氮气保护下,将反应原料和成盐剂、带水剂加入到有机溶剂中,升温至70~90℃搅拌溶解1~3小时,再加热至回流并继续搅拌3~6h,去除带水剂;然后升温至160~200℃反应5~10小时,降温至100~110℃后得到粘稠的溶液,出料于冰水中得到白色产物;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的白色产物粉碎,然后在氮气保护下用蒸馏水和无水乙醇于80~100℃下分别搅拌热洗5~8遍,真空、90~110℃下烘干后得到氨基聚芳醚环氧固化剂粉末;
步骤(1)中所使用的反应原料为4,4’-二氟二苯砜、4,4’-二氯二苯砜、4,4-二氟二苯甲酮单体中的一种与2,2-双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷、二羟基芳香类单体的混合;
4,4’-二氟二苯砜、4,4’-二氯二苯砜、4,4-二氟二苯甲酮的结构式分别如下所示,
二羟基芳香类单体的结构式如下之一所示,
3.如权利要求2所述的一种氨基聚芳醚环氧固化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中所使用的有机溶剂是丙酮、环丁砜、N-甲基吡咯烷酮或N,N-二甲基乙酰胺中的一种或多种,溶剂中反应原料总的固含量质量百分数为10~20%。
4.如权利要求2所述的一种氨基聚芳醚环氧固化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中所使用的成盐剂为无水碳酸钾。
5.如权利要求2所述的一种氨基聚芳醚环氧固化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中所使用的带水剂为甲苯。
6.如权利要求2所述的一种氨基聚芳醚环氧固化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中回流温度为130~150℃。
7.如权利要求2所述的一种氨基聚芳醚环氧固化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中2,2-双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷与二羟基芳香类单体的摩尔量和与4,4’-二氟二苯砜、4,4’-二氯二苯砜或4,4-二氟二苯甲酮单体的摩尔量之比为0.9~1:1;2,2-双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷与二羟基芳香类单体的摩尔量之比为0.3~3:1;2,2-双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷与成盐剂的摩尔量之比为1:1.1,带水剂与溶剂的体积用量之比为2:3。
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