CN116998613A - Concentrated feed supplement for calves in growing period and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Concentrated feed supplement for calves in growing period and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116998613A
CN116998613A CN202311130551.5A CN202311130551A CN116998613A CN 116998613 A CN116998613 A CN 116998613A CN 202311130551 A CN202311130551 A CN 202311130551A CN 116998613 A CN116998613 A CN 116998613A
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parts
calf
concentrate supplement
growing period
raw materials
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闫伟杰
方世玉
陈昊
李珂珂
孙琳
孙婕
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Gansu Yasheng Benyuan Biotechnology Co ltd
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Gansu Yasheng Benyuan Biotechnology Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/30—Oligoelements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

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Abstract

The invention provides a concentrate supplement for calves in a growing period and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of feed processing. The calf growing period concentrate supplement provided by the invention consists of the following raw materials: wet storage corn, corn flour, fermented soybean meal, puffed soybean meal, DDGS, secondary powder and premix. The calf growing period concentrate supplement provided by the invention has the advantages of rich nutrition, easiness in digestion and absorption, good palatability and the like, can reduce the calf diarrhea incidence rate and the rumen flatulence rate, can improve the calf weight gain speed, is simple in process, does not need complex equipment, has extremely low production cost, and is suitable for various pastures and industrialized popularization and application.

Description

Concentrated feed supplement for calves in growing period and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feed processing, in particular to a concentrate supplement for calves in a growing period and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The quality of calf cultivation is directly related to success and failure of cow feeding, and according to the growth stage division of cows, calves in the growing period are called 60-6-month-old cows in China. Calves have relatively poor resistance, are easy to get ill and are not well managed, especially have more attack in summer and winter, have higher death rate, and the death rate can reach 50 percent, and mainly are digestive tract diseases. In addition to feeding management and environmental sanitation, the digestibility of the concentrate supplement for calves and the irritation to the gastrointestinal tract are also a major factor in nutrition. Therefore, how to prevent the onset of calves in the growing period is a serious issue in the production of cattle.
The concentrate supplement in the growing period of calves in the market is prepared by mixing the mixed crushed materials by steam at 80-90 ℃ and then processing the mixed crushed materials into pellet feed by a circular mold pellet machine by using complex and high feed processing equipment for most feed enterprises. In the preparation process, probiotics, antibacterial peptide and the like are usually added to improve the digestibility of calves and inhibit the quantity of harmful bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, but the added beneficial components are easily damaged by high temperature in the processing process, so that the feeding effect is unsatisfactory, and huge economic loss is caused to breeding enterprises.
The patent with the application number of 20091013038. X discloses a concentrated calf feed and a use method thereof, wherein the feed is composed of protein feed prepared from raw materials such as bean cakes, corn gluten meal, cotton meal, compound enzyme and the like, and premix prepared from trace elements such as salt, fluorite powder, magnesium sulfate, sodium diacetate, calcium hydrophosphate, suda, sodium humate, monensin, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, cobalt and the like, and vitamins. Although the feed prepared by the patent can improve the weight gain speed of calves, a plurality of chemical reagents are added, so that a certain safety risk exists, and the effect of preventing and treating calf diarrhea is to be improved.
The patent with application number 201810485489.4 discloses a feed for calves, which has obvious growth promoting and immunity enhancing effects, but has the defects of poor palatability and digestion and absorption.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a concentrate supplement for calves in a growing period and a preparation method thereof, wherein the concentrate supplement for calves in the growing period is rich in probiotics, does not need a high-temperature granulation process, adopts main raw materials of fermented soybean meal and wet storage corn after fermentation, is easy to digest and absorb, ensures the number and digestibility of probiotics of the concentrate supplement, is beneficial to reducing the incidence of diarrhea of calves and increasing the nutrition absorption rate, and improves the growth rate of calves.
The invention provides a concentrate supplement for calf growth period, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 130-200 parts of wet storage corn, 220-280 parts of corn meal, 150-200 parts of fermented soybean meal, 50-80 parts of puffed soybean meal, 80-130 parts of puffed soybean meal, 80-150 parts of DDGS, 90-130 parts of secondary powder and 47-53 parts of premix.
The DDGS is shorthand for distillerstdriedgrainswithsubles, which is translated into distiller's dried grain and its solubles. DDGS is the trade name for distillers grain protein feed, that is distillers dried grains with soluble solids. In the process of preparing ethanol by taking corn as a raw material, starch in the corn is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide, and other nutritional components (such as protein, fat, fiber and the like) are remained in the vinasse. Meanwhile, due to the action of microorganisms, the content of protein, B vitamins and amino acids in the distillers grains is higher than that of corn, and the distillers grains contain unknown growth promoting factors generated in fermentation.
The wet-storage corn is also called high-moisture corn (HMC, highMoistureCorn), namely corn harvested when the moisture of corn seeds is less than or equal to 35%, is produced in the same way as corn silage, is stored in the forms of crushing, cellar pressing and cellar sealing, and is subjected to anaerobic fermentation by utilizing microorganisms (lactobacillus, saccharomycetes, bacillus and other aerobic bacteria, wherein the existence of the saccharomycetes, the bacillus and other aerobic bacteria creates an anaerobic environment for growth and propagation of the lactobacillus, the lactobacillus is propagated in a large amount to generate lactic acid, the pH value of the corn is reduced, so that the wet-storage corn has sour and fragrant flavor, the palatability of the wet-storage corn is greatly improved, and the effect of increasing the feed intake of calves is achieved.
Because the wet storage corn does not have the drying and airing cost, no corncob is lost in the field during harvesting, the mu yield is greatly increased, the cost of the wet storage corn is lower than that of common corn flour and tabletting corn, the price of the wet storage corn is generally lower than that of 300 yuan/ton (under the dry matter basis) of corn flour, the energy and protein and other nutritional ingredients of the wet storage corn are similar to those of corn flour, and particularly, the starch degradation rate is higher than that of corn flour and tabletting corn, so the wet storage corn can be used for replacing corn flour or tabletting corn and providing energy sources for livestock, thereby obtaining higher economic benefit.
The puffed soybean can effectively improve the nutrition concentration, is mixed with puffed soybean meal, corn flour and secondary flour, is easier to process into granules by simple equipment (a flat die pressing roller type granule machine), reduces the dust rate, improves the nutrition balance, regulates and controls the formula cost of the feed, and promotes the growth and development of calves.
Preferably, the concentrate supplement consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 150 parts of wet storage corn, 255 parts of corn flour, 175 parts of fermented soybean meal, 60 parts of puffed soybean, 100 parts of puffed soybean meal, 100 parts of DDGS, 110 parts of secondary powder and 50 parts of premix.
Preferably, the premix consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 to 25 parts of stone powder, 6 to 10 parts of sodium chloride, 6 to 10 parts of baking soda, 3 to 5 parts of magnesium oxide, 3 to 6 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.4 to 0.6 part of mold removing agent, 0.08 to 0.12 part of antioxidant, 0.025 to 0.05 part of vitamin A with the effective content of 50 percent, 30.006 to 0.01 part of vitamin D, 0.1 to 0.3 part of vitamin E with the effective content of 50 percent, 0.05 to 0.07 part of nicotinamide with the effective content of 99.5 percent, 0.01 to 0.03 part of biotin with the effective content of 2 percent, 0.18 to 0.36 part of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 0.12 to 0.16 part of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.18 to 0.32 part of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.25 to 0.44 part of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.08 to 0.12 part of cobalt chloride, 0.1 to 0.2 part of calcium iodate, 0.03 to 0.08 part of sodium selenite and 0.485 to 0.315 part of carrier.
Preferably, the premix consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 23 parts of stone powder, 7.5 parts of sodium chloride, 8 parts of baking soda, 4 parts of magnesium oxide, 5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.5 part of mold removing agent, 0.1 part of antioxidant, 0.03 part of vitamin A with the effective content of 50%, 30.008 parts of vitamin D, 0.212 part of vitamin E with the effective content of 50%, 0.06 part of nicotinamide with the effective content of 99.5%, 0.02 part of biotin with the effective content of 2%, 0.25 part of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 0.14 part of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.22 part of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.3 part of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.1 part of cobalt chloride, 0.15 part of calcium iodate, 0.06 part of sodium selenite and 0.35 part of carrier.
Preferably, the carrier is medical stone.
The second aim of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the concentrate supplement for calf growth period, which comprises the following steps: and (5) uniformly mixing the raw materials to prepare the concentrate supplement for the growing period of calves. According to the invention, the stable and satisfactory uniformity of the product is ensured by strictly controlling the mixing sequence of the raw materials, the mixing and stirring time and other technological parameters in the preparation process, and the quality stability of the product is further improved.
After the raw materials are crushed and uniformly mixed, the raw materials are precisely controlled to be fed into a compression roller through a feeding screw, when a compression roller type granulator (2000-4000 yuan/table, time yield is 1-2 tons) is used, the distance between the compression roller and a flat die (the clearance between the die rollers is generally 0.1-0.4 mm) is required to be adjusted, and the uniformly mixed materials are extruded and granulated (the diameter of the granules is preferably 3-4 mm).
Preferably, the raw materials are crushed to a particle size of 2.5mm before being uniformly mixed.
Preferably, the method for uniformly mixing the raw materials comprises the following steps: adding DDGS, secondary powder, milk powder, premix, puffed soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, corn flour and wet storage corn in sequence of drying, wetting, and mixing well.
Preferably, the mixing time for uniformly mixing the raw materials is 150s, and the mixing and stirring rotating speed is 23r/min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the calf growing period concentrate supplement provided by the invention contains about 20% of water, and the particles are softer. The breeding enterprises can produce and use the feed in the same day (the shelf life in summer is 2-3 days, and the shelf life in winter is 5-7 days), so that the freshness and the hardness of the products are ensured, and the produced granular materials can be dried or quickly dried under the condition of 40 ℃ until the water content is less than or equal to 14%, so that probiotics are hardly lost, and the original storage time of the granular feed can be prolonged by more than five times. If the industrialized production is carried out, vacuum packaging can be adopted to prepare soft granular calf materials (the quality guarantee period can be more than 4 months) which are fresh in the current market, and the soft granular calf materials can be packaged and sold after being dried at low temperature, so that the feeding effect of the product is improved, the quality guarantee period is prolonged, and the economic benefit is improved.
2. The traditional feed enterprises generally need to prepare mixed crushed materials through 80-90 ℃ saturated steam when preparing concentrated feed supplements for calves in the growing period, and then the mixed crushed materials are processed into pellet feeds through a circular mould granulator.
3. The fermented soybean meal and the wet storage corn are added into the concentrate supplement for the calf growth period, and the fermented soybean meal and the wet storage corn are both fermented products, so that the concentrate supplement has the advantages of rich nutrition, easiness in digestion and absorption, good palatability and the like, can reduce the calf diarrhea incidence rate and the rumen flatulence rate, and can also improve the weight gain speed of the calves.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the invention, are within the scope of the invention.
The test methods or test methods described in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the starting materials and auxiliaries, unless otherwise specified, are obtained commercially from conventional sources or are prepared in conventional manner.
The materials in the following example 1 and comparative examples 1-3 are mixed by a pulverizing and stirring integrated machine, and the dust concentration can be completely controlled to be less than 10mg/m because the water content of the mixed materials in the formula is 20+/-2 percent 3 Meets the national sanitary Standard of Industrial enterprises;
investment cost: the total cost of production equipment is less than ten thousand yuan, the production cost per ton is less than 20 yuan, and the production cost is far lower than the production cost (100-150 yuan/ton) of the steam ring die granulation (300 ten thousand-1000 ten thousand equipment cost) technology adopted by the current feed processing enterprises.
After the raw materials are crushed and uniformly mixed, the raw materials are precisely controlled to be fed into a compression roller through a feeding screw, when a compression roller type granulator (2000-4000 yuan/table, time yield is 1-2 tons) is used, the distance between the compression roller and a flat die (the clearance between the die rollers is generally 0.1-0.4 mm) is required to be adjusted, and the uniformly mixed materials are extruded and granulated (the diameter of the granules is preferably 3-4 mm).
Example 1
A calf growing period concentrate supplement consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 150 parts of wet storage corn, 255 parts of corn flour, 175 parts of fermented soybean meal, 60 parts of puffed soybean, 100 parts of puffed soybean meal, 100 parts of DDGS, 110 parts of secondary powder and 50 parts of premix.
Wherein the premix consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 23 parts of stone powder, 7.5 parts of sodium chloride, 8 parts of baking soda, 4 parts of magnesium oxide, 5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.5 part of mold removing agent, 0.1 part of antioxidant, 0.03 part of vitamin A with the effective content of 50%, 30.008 parts of vitamin D, 0.212 part of vitamin E with the effective content of 50%, 0.06 part of nicotinamide with the effective content of 99.5%, 0.02 part of biotin with the effective content of 2%, 0.25 part of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 0.14 part of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.22 part of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.3 part of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.1 part of cobalt chloride, 0.15 part of calcium iodate, 0.06 part of sodium selenite and 0.35 part of medical stone.
A preparation method of a calf growing period concentrate supplement comprises the steps of weighing raw materials according to parts by weight, crushing the raw materials to a granularity of 2.5mm, sequentially crushing, mixing and adding DDGS, secondary powder, premix, puffed soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, corn meal and wet storage corn in a crushing and stirring all-in-one machine according to the sequence of drying, wetting, light and heavy, mixing and stirring for 150 seconds to be uniform at a rotating speed of 23r/min, accurately controlling feeding to a compression roller through a feeding screw, adjusting the distance between the compression roller and a flat die, extruding and granulating the uniformly mixed materials, and carrying out feeding amount every granulating for two days due to higher moisture, taking care of airing and not accumulating.
Comparative example 1
A calf growing period concentrate supplement consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 405 parts of corn flour, 230 parts of fermented soybean meal, 60 parts of puffed soybean, 100 parts of puffed soybean meal, 50 parts of DDGS, 60 parts of secondary powder, 50 parts of milk powder and 50 parts of premix.
Wherein the premix consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 23 parts of stone powder, 7.5 parts of sodium chloride, 8 parts of baking soda, 4 parts of magnesium oxide, 5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.5 part of mold removing agent, 0.1 part of antioxidant, 0.03 part of vitamin A with the effective content of 50%, 30.008 parts of vitamin D, 0.212 part of vitamin E with the effective content of 50%, 0.06 part of nicotinamide with the effective content of 99.5%, 0.02 part of biotin with the effective content of 2%, 0.25 part of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 0.14 part of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.22 part of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.3 part of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.1 part of cobalt chloride, 0.15 part of calcium iodate, 0.06 part of sodium selenite and 0.35 part of medical stone.
A preparation method of a calf growing period concentrate supplement comprises the steps of weighing raw materials according to parts by weight, crushing the raw materials to a granularity of 2.5mm, sequentially crushing, mixing and adding DDGS, secondary powder, milk powder, premix, puffed soybean meal, fermented soybean meal and corn meal in a crushing and stirring all-in-one machine according to the sequence of drying, wetting, light and heavy, mixing and stirring for 150 seconds to uniformity at a rotating speed of 23r/min, accurately controlling feeding to a compression roller through a feeding screw, adjusting the distance between the compression roller and a flat die, extruding and granulating the uniformly mixed materials, and granulating ten days of feeding amount each time due to low moisture.
Comparative example 2
A calf growing period concentrate supplement consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 150 parts of pressed corn, 225 parts of corn flour, 230 parts of fermented soybean meal, 60 parts of puffed soybean, 100 parts of puffed soybean meal, 50 parts of DDGS, 60 parts of secondary powder, 50 parts of milk powder and 50 parts of premix.
Wherein the premix consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 23 parts of stone powder, 7.5 parts of sodium chloride, 8 parts of baking soda, 4 parts of magnesium oxide, 5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.5 part of mold removing agent, 0.1 part of antioxidant, 0.03 part of vitamin A with the effective content of 50%, 30.008 parts of vitamin D, 0.212 part of vitamin E with the effective content of 50%, 0.06 part of nicotinamide with the effective content of 99.5%, 0.02 part of biotin with the effective content of 2%, 0.25 part of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 0.14 part of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.22 part of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.3 part of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.1 part of cobalt chloride, 0.15 part of calcium iodate, 0.06 part of sodium selenite and 0.35 part of medical stone.
A preparation method of a calf growing period concentrate supplement comprises the steps of weighing raw materials according to parts by weight, crushing the raw materials to a granularity of 2.5mm, sequentially crushing, mixing and adding DDGS, secondary powder, milk powder, premix, puffed soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, pressed corn and corn meal in a crushing and stirring all-in-one machine according to the sequence of drying, wetting, light and heavy, mixing and stirring at a rotating speed of 23r/min, stirring for 150 seconds to uniformity, accurately controlling the feeding to a press roller through a feeding screw, adjusting the distance between the press roller and a flat die, extruding and granulating the uniformly mixed materials, and feeding ten days for each granulation due to low moisture.
Comparative example 3
The protein value of the concentrate supplement for calves purchased in the market in the growing period is 20%, and the protein index is consistent with that of the example 1.
The concentrate supplement for calves used in comparative example 3 was purchased from Henan complete He feed Co., ltd, and the product model was QH002K.
Test design
1) Test grouping setting:
40 Holstein mother calves with ages of 90+/-5 days are selected on the test site for grouping, and are divided into A, B, C, D groups according to the principle of similar ages and weights, wherein group A is fed with the concentrate supplement prepared in example 1, group B is fed with the concentrate supplement prepared in comparative example 1, group C is fed with the concentrate supplement prepared in comparative example 2, and group D is fed with the concentrate supplement purchased in the market of comparative example 3.
2) The feeding method comprises the following steps:
feeding is carried out according to the conventional feeding mode, and the feeding mode of the lactating calves before the test are carried out according to the conventional regulations of the dairy farm, and the lactating calves are fed by adopting the manual feeding mode. The transition is carried out 7 days before the formal test is started, the test period is 30 days, the health condition of the calf period is observed every day during the test period, and the day of the test start and end days is 11 am for weighing.
3) Detecting the index:
in the test period, the feeding amount of each group of feeds is recorded every day, the head average feeding amount of each group of feeds every 6 days is counted, the health condition is observed and recorded, diarrhea and diarrhea conditions exist, and the average weight before the test and the average weight after the test is ended are recorded.
4) Test results:
the results of the head average feed intake and health status tests are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1
Average body weights before and after the test are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
Test period Example 1 Comparative example 1 Comparative example 2 Comparative example 3
Initial average weight/kg of test 117.8 115.4 113.5 119.1
End of test average weight/kg 151.4 140.1 142.8 149.4
Average daily gain/kg 1.12 0.82 0.98 1.01
From the results shown in tables 1 and 2 above, it can be seen that: the weight and health condition of calves before the test have no obvious difference in feeding condition. When the test is finished, the feed intake and average daily gain of the calves of the example 1 are higher than those of other comparative examples, and the number of diarrhea heads is not one, so that the feeding effect is quite obvious; the group 1 has the lowest feed intake and the most diarrhea incidence, which shows that the raw materials which are not cured are crushed to have a certain effect on gastrointestinal digestion and absorption, but the daily gain speed is 820g because the fermented soybean meal and the protein are easy to absorb in the formula; in the comparative example 2, wet storage corn in the example is replaced by the pressed corn, the pressed corn is also cured corn, and fermented soybean meal is added in the feed formula, so that the digestibility of the feed is improved, and the feed intake and daily gain are higher than those in the comparative example 1 and are close to those in the comparative example 3; the group 3 is commercially available calf growing period granule materials, and the curing process of the steam ring mould granule process is carried out, but the fermenting raw materials cannot be added due to the problems of the process and the cost, and the feed intake, diarrhea head number and daily gain of the group 3 are not significantly different from those of the group 2 due to the curing process of the raw materials, but are still lower than the level of the example 1.
Therefore, after the calf growing period concentrate supplement is produced by simple equipment, the calf diarrhea morbidity can be effectively controlled, the feed intake and the digestibility can be improved, the calf daily gain can be improved, good conditions are created for the late calf to enter the growing period for development, and the feed cost is reduced. For the current ruminant culture enterprises, low-cost equipment can be completely put into production as required, so that the cost and the expense are saved to the greatest extent, and the operation benefit is improved.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The concentrate supplement for calves in the growing period is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 130-200 parts of wet storage corn, 220-280 parts of corn flour, 150-200 parts of fermented soybean meal, 50-80 parts of puffed soybean, 80-130 parts of puffed soybean meal, 80-150 parts of DDGS, 90-130 parts of secondary powder and 47-53 parts of premix.
2. The concentrate supplement of claim 1, wherein the concentrate supplement is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 150 parts of wet storage corn, 255 parts of corn flour, 175 parts of fermented soybean meal, 60 parts of puffed soybean, 100 parts of puffed soybean meal, 100 parts of DDGS, 110 parts of secondary powder and 50 parts of premix.
3. The calf growing period concentrate supplement according to claim 1, wherein the premix consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 to 25 parts of stone powder, 6 to 10 parts of sodium chloride, 6 to 10 parts of baking soda, 3 to 5 parts of magnesium oxide, 3 to 6 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.4 to 0.6 part of mold removing agent, 0.08 to 0.12 part of antioxidant, 0.025 to 0.05 part of vitamin A with the effective content of 50 percent, 30.006 to 0.01 part of vitamin D, 0.1 to 0.3 part of vitamin E with the effective content of 50 percent, 0.05 to 0.07 part of nicotinamide with the effective content of 99.5 percent, 0.01 to 0.03 part of biotin with the effective content of 2 percent, 0.18 to 0.36 part of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 0.12 to 0.16 part of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.18 to 0.32 part of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.25 to 0.44 part of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.08 to 0.12 part of cobalt chloride, 0.1 to 0.2 part of calcium iodate, 0.03 to 0.08 part of sodium selenite and 0.485 to 0.315 part of carrier.
4. The calf growing period concentrate supplement according to claim 1, wherein the premix consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 23 parts of stone powder, 7.5 parts of sodium chloride, 8 parts of baking soda, 4 parts of magnesium oxide, 5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.5 part of mold removing agent, 0.1 part of antioxidant, 0.03 part of vitamin A with the effective content of 50%, 30.008 parts of vitamin D, 0.212 part of vitamin E with the effective content of 50%, 0.06 part of nicotinamide with the effective content of 99.5%, 0.02 part of biotin with the effective content of 2%, 0.25 part of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 0.14 part of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.22 part of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.3 part of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.1 part of cobalt chloride, 0.15 part of calcium iodate, 0.06 part of sodium selenite and 0.35 part of carrier.
5. The concentrate supplement for calf growth period according to any one of claims 3-4, wherein the carrier is medical stone.
6. The method for preparing the calf growing period concentrate supplement according to claim 1, wherein the method is as follows: and (5) uniformly mixing the raw materials to prepare the concentrate supplement for the growing period of calves.
7. The method for preparing the calf growing period concentrate supplement according to claim 6, wherein the raw materials are crushed to a granularity of 2.5mm before being uniformly mixed.
8. The preparation method of the calf growing period concentrate supplement according to claim 6, wherein the method for uniformly mixing the raw materials is specifically as follows: adding DDGS, secondary powder, premix, puffed soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, corn flour and wet storage corn in sequence of drying, wetting, light and heavy, and mixing well.
9. The preparation method of the calf growing period concentrate supplement according to claim 6, wherein the mixing time for uniformly mixing the raw materials is 150s, and the mixing stirring speed is 23r/min.
CN202311130551.5A 2023-09-04 2023-09-04 Concentrated feed supplement for calves in growing period and preparation method thereof Pending CN116998613A (en)

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