CN116987358B - 一种含氟聚合物浓缩乳液及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种含氟聚合物浓缩乳液及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于氟化工技术领域,具体涉及一种含氟聚合物浓缩乳液及其制备方法与应用。所述浓缩乳液的固含量为55~65%,所述含氟聚合物包括平均粒径为110~130nm的小粒径聚合物、平均粒径为200~220nm的中粒径聚合物或平均粒径为470~490nm的大粒径聚合物中的至少两种。本发明通过表面活性剂和不同粒径、不同质量比的含氟聚合物乳液的协同配合,得到高粘结力和使用性能好的含氟聚合物乳液,含氟聚合物乳液与金属基材的粘结力大于10N/2.5cm,含氟聚合物溶液与聚酰亚胺膜的粘结力大于23N/2.5cm,涂覆效果得到明显提升。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于氟化工技术领域,具体涉及一种含氟聚合物浓缩乳液及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
随着建筑、包装、通讯和化工等行业对涂料和粘结剂性能要求越来越高,传统的聚合物乳液如丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯等已经无法满足使用工况条件。而含氟聚合物乳液相比于其他聚合物乳液,具有优良的耐温、耐腐蚀性,优异的化学惰性,良好的电绝缘性和低摩擦系数,能够适用于高温和酸碱腐蚀环境中,可用作金属基材、纺织品和膜材片材表面的防腐和粘结涂层。含氟聚合物乳液还适合加工许多制品,包括印刷线路板,电气绝缘材料,注塑薄膜,或化学隔离材料,以及PTFE和FEP自身相互连接的熔融粘接剂。还可与玻璃布复合制作防粘涂布,与聚酰亚胺复合制作高绝缘薄膜等。
常用含氟聚合物乳液包括聚四氟乙烯均聚物乳液、四氟乙烯与六氟丙烯共聚物乳液、四氟乙烯与全氟丙基乙烯基醚共聚物乳液等。含氟聚合物氟原子电负性大,极化率低,造成其表面能很低,与其他非氟聚合物和金属有很差的粘结性,限制了其在多个领域的使用。提高含氟聚合物的粘结性成为行业扩展其应用领域的一个需要解决的重要的共性技术问题。
中国专利文献CN104744710A一种提高含氟聚合物粘结性的方法,通过在含氟聚合物乳液中加入一定量的含氟离子(-SO2F)共聚合物乳液,然后加入絮凝剂进行凝聚,洗涤以及干燥,得到氟聚合物产品,测试与金属基材的粘结性可到4N/mm2左右。但此方法需要加入硝酸、盐酸以及硫酸等相关絮凝剂,后处理洗涤麻烦,产生废酸水需要处理,且对金属粘结性提升有限,最高到4.3N/mm2。中国专利文献CN114478895A提供一种高粘结性聚全氟乙丙烯浓缩液及其制备方法,在分子链中引入少量全氟或部分含氟含羧基、羰基或酯基和可聚合的碳-碳双键结构的第三单体,制得聚全氟乙丙烯乳液,浓缩,得高粘结性聚全氟乙丙烯浓缩液。引入羧基、酯基等不稳定的基团会降低全氟聚合物的性能,同时不稳定基团会分解和转化,影响实际使用效果,降低涂层耐受性和使用寿命。中国专利CN10449719A公开了用偏二氟二氯乙烯或均二氟二氯乙烯来改性氟树脂,提高了其粘结性,但该反应过程中同样加入了防粘釜剂石蜡,影响了产品色泽。
发明内容
为了改善现有含氟聚合物乳液的粘结性能,本发明专利提供一种具有高粘结力的含氟聚合物浓缩乳液及其制备方法与应用。该方法制备过程简单,所得乳液的稳定性好。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种高粘结力含氟聚合物浓缩乳液,乳液固含量为55~65%,所述含氟聚合物包括平均粒径为110~130nm的小粒径聚合物、平均粒径为200~220nm的中粒径聚合物或平均粒径为470~490nm的大粒径聚合物中的至少两种,所述含氟聚合物为聚全氟乙丙烯;
聚合物中小粒径聚合物的质量含量为0~25%,中粒径聚合物的质量含量为0~80%,大粒径聚合物的质量含量为0~75%;表面活性剂的质量含量为3~8%。
乳液固含量指的是乳液中聚合物的含量。
浓缩乳液的粘度为16~25mpa·s,比重为1.4~1.51。
优选的,表面活性剂的质量含量为4~6%。
优选的,所述含氟聚合物由小粒径聚合物、中粒径聚合物、大粒径聚合物中的两种组成,此时聚合物中粒径较小的聚合物的质量含量为20~25%,粒径较大的聚合物的质量含量为75~80%。即乳液组成为:(1)小粒径聚合物含量为20~25%,中粒径聚合物含量为75~80%,或(2)小粒径聚合物含量为20~25%、大粒径聚合物含量为75~80%,或(3)中粒径聚合物的含量为20~25%,大粒径聚合物的含量为75~80%。
优选的,所述含氟聚合物由小粒径聚合物、中粒径聚合物、大粒径聚合物组成,含氟聚合物中小粒径聚合物的质量含量为10~15%,中粒径聚合物的质量含量为15~25%,大粒径聚合物的质量含量为60~75%。
优选的,所述小粒径聚合物的平均粒径为115~110nm,中粒径聚合物的平均粒径为200~210nm,大粒径聚合物的平均粒径为475~490nm。进一步优选的,所述小粒径聚合物的平均粒径为115±1nm,中粒径聚合物的平均粒径为210±1nm,大粒径聚合物的平均粒径为475±1nm。
优选的,所述聚合物还可选自四氟乙烯均聚物、四氟乙烯与全氟丙基乙烯基醚共聚物等中的一种。其中,四氟乙烯与全氟丙基乙烯基醚共聚物中全氟丙基乙烯基醚结构单元的摩尔含量为3~6%。
聚全氟乙丙烯中四氟乙烯结构单元和六氟丙烯结构单元的摩尔比为80~90:20~10。优选的,六氟丙烯结构单元的摩尔含量为16~18%,熔点为258~265℃,熔融指数为3.4~4.1g/10min。
优选的,所述表面活性剂为非离子型表面活性剂。适用于本发明的非离子表面活性剂无特别的限制,可选用本领域已知的常用类型,只要它能在分散体浓缩过程中稳定分散体即可,适用于本发明的非离子表面活性剂的非限定性例子有,壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚或异构醇聚氧乙烯醚(如TMN-10)。
本发明还提供上述含氟聚合物乳液的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将不同粒径的含氟聚合物乳液按比例混合均匀,升至一定温度后,加入非离子型表面活性剂搅拌;
(2)停止搅拌后,再次升至一定温度后进行恒温静置沉降;
(3)待沉降完毕后,分离去除上清液得到含氟聚合物浓缩乳液。
优选的,步骤(1)所述不同粒径的含氟聚合物乳液采用乳液聚合的方法获得。所述乳液聚合方法为以水为介质,全氟聚醚为分散剂,充入含氟单体,使用无机引发剂引发聚合,通过控制聚合条件制得不同粒径的含氟聚合物乳液。进一步优选的,所述聚合条件包括水的加入量、分散剂加入量、反应单体量。
优选的,步骤(1)所述不同粒径的含氟聚合物乳液包括平均粒径为110~130nm的小粒径聚合物乳液、平均粒径为200~220nm的中粒径聚合物乳液或平均粒径为470~490nm的大粒径聚合物乳液中的至少两种。
优选的,步骤(1)所述温度为30~50℃,进一步优选的,所述温度在非离子乳化剂的浊点以下(浊点以下即可,无要求),搅拌时间为1~1.5h。
优选的,步骤(2)所述温度为非离子性表面活性剂浊点以上2~3℃,静置沉降时间为1~2h。非离子表面活性剂具有固定的浊点,也可是一种或两种非离子表面活性剂混合。非离子型表面活性剂在浊点以下时具有表面活性剂增容,促进溶解的作用,而当体系温度上升至浊点以上时,非离子表面活性剂开始变浑浊与水分相,它可以将乳液中的乳胶粒沉降并与水分层,从而达到浓缩沉降的作用。
本发明还提供上述浓缩液作为胶黏层在粘结金属基材与聚酰亚胺功能膜中的应用。优选的,所述金属为铜。
优选的,上述胶黏层厚度约0.2-0.4μm。应用方法为先将聚酰亚胺膜浸渍于浓缩乳液后,于320℃高温下处理,在聚酰亚胺膜表面形成均匀的胶黏涂层,再与金属基材进行热压制成样品,热压温度为350℃,时间为13s。
本发明的有益效果:
与现有技术相比,本发明具体实施方式提供的一个或多个技术方案至少具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明通过表面活性剂和不同粒径、不同质量比的含氟聚合物乳液的协同配合,得到高粘结力和使用性能好的含氟聚合物乳液,本发明提供的含氟聚合物乳液涂覆效果得到明显提升,并且减少了非离子型表面活性剂的使用量。含氟聚合物乳液与金属基材的粘结力大于10N/2.5cm,含氟聚合物溶液与聚酰亚胺膜的粘结力大于23N/2.5cm。
(2)本发明采用简单的乳液共混方法,将粒径大小不同的含氟聚合物乳液按一定比例进行简单共混,之后进行浓缩,得到了含有不同粒径含氟聚合物的多分散性乳液。本发明方法简单,设备要求低,无需加入其他助剂。
(3)本发明提供的含氟聚合物乳液具有较高的稳定性和流动性,乳液在较高固含量的同时可保持较低的粘度,固含量为55~65%,粘度为16~23mpa.s,可方便储存和使用,同时可以减少运输压力。
(4)高粘结力提高了聚合物与基材之间的结合效果,提高了涂层的使用寿命,同时可拓展其使用领域。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明,但不限定本发明。
以聚全氟乙丙烯乳液为例,采用乳液聚合的方式,通过调整纯水和分散剂加入量以及反应单体量分别制得了平均粒径为115nm的聚全氟乙丙烯乳液A(六氟摩尔比为17.22%,熔点260.3℃,熔融指数3.6g/10min)、平均粒径为110nm的聚全氟乙丙烯乳液A'(六氟摩尔比为17.11%,熔点262.3℃,熔融指数3.5g/min);平均粒径为210nm的聚全氟乙丙烯乳液B(六氟摩尔比为17.18%,熔点261.1℃,熔融指数3.4g/10min),平均粒径为200nm的聚全氟乙丙烯乳液B'(六氟摩尔比为16.89%,熔点263.1℃熔融指数3.7 g/min);平均粒径为475nm的聚全氟乙丙烯乳液C(六氟摩尔比为16.87%,熔点264.1℃,熔融指数4.1g/10min),平均粒径为490nm的聚全氟乙丙烯C'(六氟摩尔比为17.21%,熔点260.3℃,熔融指数4.0 g/min);平均粒径为650nm的聚全氟乙丙烯乳液D(六氟摩尔比为17.35%,熔点259.4℃,熔融指数3.9g/10min)这四种不同粒径的乳液。
对比例1
取上述500ml乳液A加入25ml TMN-10乳化剂(异构醇聚氧乙烯醚),升温至40℃搅拌1h,之后升温至78℃开始静置浓缩沉降,2h后浓缩结束去除上清液得到聚全氟乙丙烯浓缩液。
对比例2
按对比例1中的浓缩步骤取500ml乳液B进行浓缩得到聚全氟乙丙烯浓缩液。
对比例3
按对比例1中的浓缩步骤取500ml乳液C进行浓缩得到聚全氟乙丙烯浓缩液。
对比例4
按对比例1中的浓缩步骤取500ml乳液D进行浓缩得到聚全氟乙丙烯浓缩液。
实施例1
取上述100ml乳液A和400ml乳液B在烧杯中混合搅拌30min,升温至40℃之后加入22ml TMN-10乳化剂,搅拌1h,之后升温至78℃开始静置浓缩沉降,1.75h后浓缩结束去除上清液得到聚全氟乙丙烯浓缩液。
实施例2
取上述125ml乳液B和400ml乳液C在烧杯中混合搅拌30min,升温至40℃之后加入22ml TMN-10乳化剂,搅拌1h,之后升温至78℃开始静置浓缩沉降,1.75h后浓缩结束去除上清液得到聚全氟乙丙烯浓缩液。
实施例3
取上述50ml乳液A,100ml乳液B和350ml乳液C在烧杯中混合搅拌30min,升温至40℃之后加入20ml TMN-10乳化剂,搅拌1h,之后升温至78℃开始静置浓缩沉降,1.5h后浓缩结束去除上清液得到聚全氟乙丙烯浓缩液。
实施例4
取上述75ml乳液A,125ml乳液B和300ml乳液C在烧杯中混合搅拌30min,升温至50℃之后加入20ml TMN-10乳化剂,搅拌1h,之后升温至78℃开始静置浓缩沉降,1.5h后浓缩结束去除上清液得到聚全氟乙丙烯浓缩液。
实施例5
取上述50ml乳液A,75ml乳液B和375ml乳液C在烧杯中混合搅拌30min,升温至50℃之后加入17.5ml TMN-10乳化剂,搅拌1h,之后升温至78℃开始静置浓缩沉降,1h后浓缩结束去除上清液得到聚全氟乙丙烯浓缩液。
实施例6
取上述50ml乳液A',75ml乳液B'和375ml乳液C'在烧杯中混合搅拌30min,升温至30℃之后加入17.5ml TMN-10乳化剂,搅拌1.5h,之后升温至78℃开始静置浓缩沉降,2h后浓缩结束去除上清液得到聚全氟乙丙烯浓缩液。
对比例5
取上述100ml乳液A,150ml乳液B和250ml乳液C在烧杯中混合搅拌30min,之后加入17.5 ml TMN-10乳化剂,升温至50℃搅拌1h,之后升温至78℃开始静置浓缩沉降,1h后浓缩结束去除上清液得到聚全氟乙丙烯浓缩液。
对比例6
取上述250ml乳液A,150ml乳液B和100ml乳液C在烧杯中混合搅拌30min,之后加入17.5ml TMN-10乳化剂,升温至50℃搅拌1h,之后升温至78℃开始静置浓缩沉降,1h后浓缩结束去除上清液得到聚全氟乙丙烯浓缩液。
对比例7
取上述50ml乳液A,100ml乳液B和350ml乳液D在烧杯中混合搅拌30min,之后加入20ml TMN-10乳化剂,升温至40℃搅拌1h,之后升温至78℃开始静置浓缩沉降,1.5 h后浓缩结束去除上清液得到聚全氟乙丙烯浓缩液。
聚全氟乙丙烯的熔融指数按照GB/T3682,测量其熔融指数(MFI,单位g/10min);熔点按照GB/T 28724进行测试。六氟摩尔比例(聚全氟乙丙烯中全氟丙烯结构单元的摩尔含量)根据样品红外特征峰进行计算。
浓缩液测试方法:
粒径:平均粒径和粒径分布使用激光粒度仪进行检测,型号为英国马尔文Mastersizer2000;
固含量:在玻璃烧杯中放入30g乳液,将其放置在110℃烘箱中干燥,用以下公式进行计算,固含量=(干燥后重量/乳液初始重量)×100%。
表面活性剂含量:在自制的铝箔小盒中加入3g乳液,在110℃烘箱中干燥后称重,之后再放入350℃烧结炉中烧结10min,拿出后再次称重,用以下公式进行计算,表面活性剂含量=(干燥后重量-烧结后重量)/乳液初始重量×100%。
比重:使用比重计在量筒中进行测定。
乳液粘度:取300ml乳液使用旋转粘度计进行测定。
粘结力:将浓缩乳液加水稀释至固含量为38%后进行粘结力测试。
(1)浓缩乳液与金属铜的粘结力(记为粘结力1):金属被粘试样尺寸宽为25.0±0.5mm,长为200mm,厚度为1.5mm;制样方法为先将聚酰亚胺膜浸渍浓缩乳液后,320℃高温处理形成均匀的胶黏涂层,再与金属基材进行热压制成样品,热压温度为350℃,时间为13s。后通过拉伸试验装置180°剥离测试强度。具体内容可参照GB/T2790-1995。
(2)浓缩液与聚酰亚胺膜的粘结力(记为粘结力2):聚酰亚胺被粘试样尺寸宽为25±0.5mm,长为200mm,厚度为1.5mm,制样方法为先将聚酰亚胺膜浸渍浓缩乳液后,320℃高温处理形成均匀的胶黏涂层,再与另一聚酰亚胺膜进行热压裁剪制成样品,热压温度为350℃,时间为13s。通过拉伸试验装置测试剥离强度,具体内容可参照GB/T2791-1995进行测试。
表1 单一粒径浓缩乳液性质测试结果
表2 混合浓缩乳液性能测试结果
由表1、表2可以看出,将特定粒径的聚合物乳液混合浓缩,能够提高乳液的粘结力和固含量。当浓缩液含有两种粒径的聚合物时,浓缩乳液的固含量为55~60%;表面活性剂的质量含量为5~5.1%;粘结力1为10~11.1N/2.5cm,粘结力2为23~25N/2.5cm,比重为1.4~1.44。当浓缩液含有三种粒径的聚合物时,粘结力1为13~18N/2.5cm,粘结力2为27~31N/2.5cm;固含量为60~65%,表面活性剂的质量含量为4~4.8%,比重为1.47~1.51。
Claims (9)
1.一种含氟聚合物浓缩乳液,其特征在于,乳液固含量为55~65%,所述含氟聚合物由平均粒径为110~130nm的小粒径聚合物、平均粒径为200~220nm的中粒径聚合物和平均粒径为470~490nm的大粒径聚合物组成,所述含氟聚合物为聚全氟乙丙烯;聚合物中小粒径聚合物的质量含量为10~15%,中粒径聚合物的质量含量为15~25%,大粒径聚合物的质量含量为60~75%;表面活性剂的质量含量为3~8%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含氟聚合物浓缩乳液,其特征在于,表面活性剂的质量含量为4~6%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的含氟聚合物浓缩乳液,其特征在于,所述小粒径聚合物的平均粒径为115~110nm,中粒径聚合物的平均粒径为200~210nm,大粒径聚合物的平均粒径为475~490nm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的含氟聚合物浓缩乳液,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂为非离子型表面活性剂。
5.权利要求1~4任一项所述含氟聚合物浓缩乳液的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将不同粒径的含氟聚合物乳液按比例混合均匀,升至一定温度后,加入非离子型表面活性剂搅拌;
(2)停止搅拌后,再次升至一定温度后进行恒温静置沉降;
(3)待沉降完毕后,分离去除上清液得到含氟聚合物浓缩乳液。
6.根据权利要求5所述含氟聚合物浓缩乳液的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述不同粒径的含氟聚合物乳液采用乳液聚合的方法获得。
7.根据权利要求5所述含氟聚合物浓缩乳液的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述温度为30~50℃,搅拌时间为1~1.5h。
8.根据权利要求5所述含氟聚合物浓缩乳液的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述温度为非离子性表面活性剂浊点以上2~3℃,静置沉降时间为1~2h。
9.权利要求1~4任一项所述含氟聚合物浓缩乳液作为胶黏层在粘结金属基材与聚酰亚胺功能膜中的应用。
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CN105473655A (zh) * | 2013-08-30 | 2016-04-06 | 阿科玛股份有限公司 | 氟聚合物共混物 |
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CN1261385A (zh) * | 1997-06-24 | 2000-07-26 | 迪尼昂有限公司 | 不同颗粒尺寸的含氟聚合物水分散体 |
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