CN116930496A - 一种肺腺癌与肺鳞癌鉴别的肿瘤标志物及其鉴别方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种肺腺癌与肺鳞癌鉴别的肿瘤标志物及其鉴别方法,所述标志物为人附睾分泌蛋白4(HE4),所述HE4异常高表达显著促进了肺癌细胞的生长、克隆形成、迁移和侵袭能力。与正常癌旁组织相比,发现HE4主要在肺腺癌细胞中高表达,而在肺鳞癌细胞中低表达,从而鉴定肺癌尤其鉴别肺腺癌与肺鳞癌,本发明通过HE4表达水平来鉴定和鉴别肺癌尤其肺腺癌与肺鳞癌特征,从而可以快速诊断非小细胞肺癌及其亚型。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于鉴定肺癌尤其鉴别肺腺癌与肺鳞癌的肿瘤标志物及其鉴别方法,属于生物医学分析领域。
背景技术
肺癌是癌症导致死亡的主要恶性肿瘤之一,可分为两大类:小细胞肺癌(smallcell lung cancer,SCLC)和非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)。NSCLC占肺癌病例的85%,其又分为3种主要病理亚型:腺癌(Lung adenocarcinoma,LUAD),鳞状细胞癌(Lung squamous carcinoma,LUSC)和大细胞癌(Large-cell lung carcinoma,LCLC)。
目前,分子靶向疗法、含或不含贝伐单抗的铂类双联疗法和免疫疗法是肺癌的主要治疗手段。近几十年,肺癌的治疗策略已从传统治疗的放、化疗逐步过渡到个性化精准靶向治疗,例如酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,其专门针对个体患者的酪氨酸激酶突变的靶标。
人类附睾蛋白4(humanepididymisprotein4,HE4)是属于WFDC(以前称为WAP)家族的分泌型糖基化蛋白,也称为乳清酸性蛋白4-二硫键核心结构域2。WAP四-二硫键核心结构域2(WFDC2),即编码HE4的基因,位于人染色体20q12-13.1位点上,在卵巢癌、结肠癌和肺癌中经常发现其扩增。HE4在其他组织中的作用仍不清楚,有人认为它可能参与呼吸道、鼻腔和口腔的先天免疫防御。
已知的肺癌标志物,例如癌胚抗原、血清细胞角蛋白19片段和前胃泌素释放肽,由于其相对较低的敏感性和低特异性,用于检测肺癌的效果并不理想。有研究表明NSCLC患者血清HE4水平明显高于对照组,HE4高表达与肿瘤转移分期、淋巴结转移和远处转移相关;其次,有研究发现血清HE4水平高与肺癌患者的5年生存率成负相关(34.0%比59.7%;p=0.022);最后,多元Cox模型分析发现HE4表达是非小细胞肺癌5年整体OS的独立不良预后因素,因此,血清HE4表达水平适合预测NSCLC患者的预后。这些研究结果表明HE4可能是NSCLC潜在的诊断和预后标志物。
发明内容
本发明的目的是通过如下技术方案来完成的,一种鉴别肺腺癌与肺鳞癌寻找新的肿瘤标志物,所述标志物为人附睾分泌蛋白4(HE4),所述HE4通过高表达显著促进了肺癌细胞的生长、克隆形成、迁移和侵袭能力,并发现HE4在肺腺癌细胞中高表达,而在肺鳞癌细胞中表达差异不明显,从而鉴定肺癌尤其鉴别肺腺癌与肺鳞癌。
一种鉴别肺腺癌与肺鳞癌的鉴别方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
a.分别将正常肺细胞株、肺鳞癌细胞株、与肺腺癌细胞株裂解,westernblotting;
b.将肺腺癌肿瘤组织、肺鳞癌肿瘤组织及癌旁正常临床组织样本裂解,westernblotting;
c.使用TCGA数据库分析HE4在肺腺癌与肺鳞癌细胞中的表达情况;
d.使用慢病毒HE4 shRNA分别感染肺腺癌PC-9和H1975细胞株,嘌呤霉素筛选10天建立稳定表达HE4 shRNAH1975细胞株以及瞬时感染HE4 shRNA 6天PC-9细胞株,制备蛋白裂解液,western blotting检测HE4表达;
e.嘌呤霉素筛选10天建立稳定表达HE4 shRNAH1975与A549细胞株细胞株以及瞬时感染HE4 shRNA 6天PC-9细胞株,提取细胞RNA,q-PCR检测HE4在PC-9、H1975与A549中的转录水平;
f.瞬时感染HE4 shRNA 3天与6天,MTT检测HE4敲低对PC-9、A549与H1975细胞活力的影响并定量分析;
g.嘌呤霉素筛选10天建立稳定表达HE4 shRNA细胞株,MTT实验检测HE4敲低对
A549与H1975细胞活力的影响并定量分析;
h.嘌呤霉素筛选10天建立稳定表达HE4 shRNA细胞株A549与H1975以及瞬时感染
HE4 shRNA 6天细胞株PC-9,细胞成像检测细胞增殖;
i.嘌呤霉素筛选10天建立稳定表达HE4 shRNA细胞株A549与H1975以及瞬时感染
HE4 shRNA 6天细胞株PC-9,细胞克隆形成实验并定量分析;
j.嘌呤霉素筛选10天建立稳定表达HE4 shRNA细胞株A549与H1975以及瞬时感染
HE4 shRNA 6天细胞株PC-9,细胞划痕分析细胞迁移;
k.嘌呤霉素筛选10天建立稳定表达HE4 shRNA细胞株A549与H1975以及瞬时感染
HE4 shRNA6天细胞株PC-9,基质胶transwell分析细胞侵袭;
l.嘌呤霉素筛选10天建立稳定表达HE4 shRNA细胞株A549与H1975以及瞬时感染HE4 shRNA6天细胞株PC-9,基质胶transwell检测细胞侵袭的定量分析。
本发明通过人附睾分泌蛋白4HE4的鉴定解决了非小细胞肺癌亚型肺腺癌和肺鳞癌特征,从而可以快速的判断肿瘤发展情况。
附图说明
图1是正常肺细胞株、肺腺癌和肺鳞癌细胞株中HE4蛋白的表达情况;
图2是癌旁正常组织和肺癌肿瘤样本中HE4表达水平检测;
图3是TCGA数据库分析WFDC2(HE4)在肺腺癌和肺鳞癌中的表达情况;
图4是慢病毒介导的shRNA敲低HE4蛋白表达情况;
图5是慢病毒介导的shRNA敲低HE4转录水平分析;
图6是瞬时敲低HE4对肺癌细胞的增殖影响的定量分析;
图7是稳定敲低HE4对肺癌细胞的增殖影响的定量分析;
图8是敲低HE4对肺癌细胞的细胞生长及形态的影响情况;
图9是敲低HE4对肺癌细胞的克隆形成能力影响情况;
图10是敲低HE4对肺癌细胞克隆形成影响的定量分析;
图11是敲低HE4对肺癌细胞的迁移能力影响情况;
图12是敲低HE4对肺癌细胞的侵袭能力影响及定量分析。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体实例以及附图对本发明作详细介绍,本发明在实施中选用的生产设备都是本领域的常用设备,应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。一种鉴别肺腺癌与肺鳞癌鉴别的肿瘤标志物,所述标志物为人附睾分泌蛋白4(HE4),所述HE4通过表达显著促进了肺癌细胞的生长、克隆形成、迁移和侵袭能力,并发现HE4在肺腺癌患者中高表达,而在肺鳞癌中表达差异不明显,从而鉴定肺癌尤其鉴别肺腺癌与肺鳞癌。
一种鉴别肺腺癌与肺鳞癌的鉴别方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
a.分别将正常肺细胞株与肺腺癌细胞株裂解,western blotting;
b.将肺腺癌肿瘤组织、肺鳞癌肿瘤组织及癌旁正常临床组织样本裂解,westernblotting;
c.使用TCGA数据库分析HE4在肺腺癌与肺鳞癌细胞中的表达情况;
d.使用慢病毒HE4 shRNA分别感染肺腺癌PC-9和H1975细胞株,嘌呤霉素筛选10天建立稳定表达HE4 shRNAH1975细胞株以及瞬时感染HE4 shRNA 6天PC-9细胞株,制备蛋白裂解液,western blotting检测HE4表达;
e.嘌呤霉素筛选10天建立稳定表达HE4 shRNAH1975与A549细胞株以及瞬时感染
HE4 shRNA 6天PC-9细胞株,提取细胞RNA,q-PCR检测HE4在PC-9、H1975与
A549中的转录水平;
f.瞬时感染HE4 shRNA 3天与6天,MTT检测HE4敲低对PC-9、A549与H1975细胞活力的影响并定量分析;
g.嘌呤霉素筛选10天建立稳定表达HE4 shRNA细胞株,MTT实验检测HE4敲低对
A549与H1975细胞活力的影响并定量分析;
h.嘌呤霉素筛选10天建立稳定表达HE4 shRNA细胞株A549与H1975以及瞬时感染
HE4 shRNA 6天细胞株PC-9,细胞成像检测细胞增殖;
i.嘌呤霉素筛选10天建立稳定表达HE4 shRNA细胞株A549与H1975以及瞬时感染
HE4 shRNA 6天细胞株PC-9,细胞克隆形成实验并定量分析;
j.嘌呤霉素筛选10天建立稳定表达HE4 shRNA细胞株A549与H1975以及瞬时感染HE4 shRNA 6天细胞株PC-9,细胞划痕分析细胞迁移;
k.嘌呤霉素筛选10天建立稳定表达HE4 shRNA细胞株A549与H1975以及瞬时感染HE4 shRNA6天细胞株PC-9,基质胶transwell分析细胞侵袭;
l.嘌呤霉素筛选10天建立稳定表达HE4 shRNA细胞株A549与H1975以及瞬时感染HE4 shRNA6天细胞株PC-9,基质胶transwell检测细胞侵袭的定量分析。
具体实施例:
本发明为一种用于鉴别肺癌,尤其是鉴别肺腺癌与肺鳞癌的肿瘤标志物及其鉴别方法,其要点是首先通过将正常肺细胞与肺癌细胞裂解进行westernblotting,分析HE4在正常肺细胞和肺癌肿瘤组织中的表达情况,再通过TCGA数据库分析HE4在肺腺癌与肺鳞癌中的表达情况。结果发现,HE4在肺癌尤其是肺腺癌细胞中高表达,而在肺鳞癌中表达差异不明显。其次,利用慢病毒HE4 shRNA分别感染肺腺癌细胞株,嘌呤霉素筛选10天建立稳定表达HE4shRNA细胞株,建立HE4敲低细胞模型,通过检测HE4的转录水平(q-PCR)、细胞活力(MTT)、细胞增殖和克隆形成(细胞成像)、细胞划痕以及基质胶transwell实验检测敲低HE4对非小细胞肺癌细胞生长与转移的影响。结果发现,HE4在肺腺癌中发挥肿瘤增强子的功能。具体包括以下步骤:
a.western blotting检测HE4表达情况:选取正常肺细胞株与肺鳞癌、肺腺癌细胞株;癌旁正常组织与临床肺鳞癌和肺腺癌组织样本,裂解细胞后,4℃,15000rpm离心30min,转移上清液至新的1.5mLEP管中,上样30μg蛋白进行10%SDS-PAGE。100V,1.5h冰浴转膜,5%脱脂牛奶室温封闭硝酸纤维素膜1h,洗膜,加入对应一抗,4℃摇床孵育过夜,多次洗膜加入对应二抗,室温孵育1h,洗膜,ECL显影并化学发光成像仪拍照,如图1、2。
结果显示HE4在2株肺鳞癌细胞及6株肺腺癌细胞中均有表达,且肺腺癌细胞表达水平显著高于肺鳞癌细胞,8株肺癌细胞株的表达水平明显高于正常肺细胞Beas-2B(图1);与癌旁正常对照组织相比,HE4在12个肺癌肿瘤样本中均有不同程度的高表达(图2)。
b.TCGA数据库分析:应用TCGA数据库(来源于http://ualcan.path.uab.edu/index.html)检索HE4基因研究其在肺腺癌(LUAD)和肺鳞癌(LUSC)中分组观察基因的表达情况。检索结果如图3所示,HE4在肺腺癌组织样本中高表达,而在肺鳞癌组织样本中HE4表达低于正常组织样本。
c.shRNA慢病毒包装与感染:用无抗生素的10% FBS DMEM细胞培养液将胰酶消化的293T铺板于p100中,培养过夜至密度约为80%,无血清培养液(Serum Free Medium,SFM)清洗一次细胞,加入5mL SFM并置于37℃细胞培养箱培养。在1.5mL离心管中加入750μLSFM,混合HE4shRNA质粒(3μg)与病毒包装质粒(3μgΔ8.9+300ngvsvg),并加入24μL转染试剂PolyJet,室温孵育15min后,将其均匀滴入以上p100细胞中,混匀并在37℃细胞培养箱培养3h,更换10mL正常培养基培养过夜,次日弃旧培养基,加入6mL正常培养基,12h后收集病毒上清液至50mL无菌离心管中,然后再加入6mL正常培养基,12h收集此上清,重复该步骤4次,共收集48mL病毒液。4℃,5000rpm离心30min,弃沉淀。病毒上清液1.5mL分装并冻存于负80℃备用。将肺癌细胞均匀铺于六孔板,细胞密度60%-70%时,弃旧培养基,加入600μL完全培养基、1μLpolybrene(10mg/mL)和400μL病毒液,轻晃混匀,PC-9在病毒瞬时感染6天和H1975细胞在病毒感染48h后嘌呤霉素筛选10天,制备蛋白裂解液,western blotting检测HE4表达。
实验结果如图4,结果显示慢病毒介导的shRNA显著敲低肺癌细胞株PC-9与H1975细胞中HE4蛋白表达。在对GAPDH进行了灰度分析后,以此基础对HE4蛋白表达进行灰度分析,得知这两株细胞的HE4表达与对照组相比被抑制了约65%,说明HE4蛋白表达被显著降低。
d.qRT-PCR检测慢病毒介导敲低HE4转录水平:分别提取慢病毒shRNA介导瞬时敲低HE4的PC-9细胞株的RNA以及提取慢病毒shRNA介导稳定敲低HE4的H1975和A549细胞株的RNA,提取步骤参照Trizol试剂说明书,通过Nanodrop测定RNA浓度,存储于-80℃。根据塔克拉说明书,首先去除基因组DNA反应,再通过反转录合成cDNA,进行qRT-PCR。
实验结果如图5,结果显示,与pLKO对照组相比较,shRNA显著性地敲低三株肺癌细胞中的HE4表达。
e.MTT检测细胞生长:按照2000个细胞/孔,分别将PC-9、H1975和A549细胞以及H1975和A549的稳转细胞株pLKO、HE4 shRNA1铺于96孔板,次日加入含shRNA病毒的培养基(稳转细胞株无需再次加病毒),12h后更换正常培养基,培养6天,期间3天换一次培养基,避光下每孔加入20uL MTT检测液,继续在培养箱中培养3h;弃旧液,在室温条件下加入适量DMSO溶液,水平震荡仪震荡10min;酶标仪检测OD 490数值。
实验结果如图6、7,结果显示:与对照组pLKO相比,瞬时敲低HE4后,PC-9和H1975细胞的增殖显著下降,A549细胞增殖抑制比较明显(图6);与对照组pLKO相比,稳定敲低的H1975和A549细胞的增殖显著降低。结果说明HE4瞬时敲低和稳定敲低能够显著抑制肺癌细胞的生长。
f.显微镜细胞成像:对慢病毒HE4 shRNA感染并用嘌呤霉素筛选10天的H1975和A549细胞株以及慢病毒HE4 shRNA瞬时感染6天的PC-9进行显微镜拍照。
实验结果如图8,结果显示HE4 shRNA组明显区别于pLKO对照组:PC-9细胞贴壁性变差,有大量细胞脱落,细胞增殖被抑制,细胞形态变圆;H1975细胞贴壁性减弱,消化时间缩短,生长减慢;A549细胞相对于其他两株细胞个头较大,生长缓慢,贴壁性变差。
g.克隆形成实验:将HE4稳定敲低的H1975、A549细胞株和瞬时敲低HE4的PC-9细胞株以3000个/孔铺至六孔板中,培养箱中培养至克隆形成,根据实际情况适时更换培养基;弃旧液,细胞用PBS清洗一遍后静置风干,甲醇溶液30min进行固定,弃甲醇静置风干,用0.1%结晶紫进行染色,流水冲去染色液,静置风干,染色的细胞克隆拍照记录,并用33%醋酸洗脱染色的克隆,用酶标仪检测OD 570数值。
实验结果如图9、10,结果显示敲低HE4抑制肺癌细胞克隆形成能力。
h.细胞伤口愈合实验:将PC-9和稳定敲低HE4的H1975、A549细胞均匀铺在六孔板。其中六孔板中PC-9细胞加入600μL完全培养基,1μL 10mg/mL polybrene和400μL病毒液,轻晃混匀;三株细胞置于培养箱中培养直至细胞密度接近100%。用无菌枪头,力度适中地在细胞表面垂直划3道1平行线;显微镜下依次拍照记录0h、24h、72h…细胞状态,直到对照组愈合。
实验结果如图11,实验结果显示敲低HE4抑制肺癌细胞迁移能力。
j.细胞侵袭实验:提前一天以SFM 1:10的比例将Matrigel基质胶稀释铺于24孔板中,每小室孔加入60μL,室温静置1h后4℃储存,接种前取出小室,室温恢复,PBS清洗一遍,再用0.5% FBS培养基清洗一遍。胰酶消化瞬时敲低HE4的PC-9细胞株或者稳定敲低HE4的H1975、A549的肺癌细胞,制成细胞悬液。在24孔板中加入10%FBS适量培养基。细胞悬液室温1000rpm离心3min,弃上清,用0.5%FBS培养基重悬细胞,细胞计数,每孔小室接种4×105个细胞;两天后进行观察。在新的24孔板中加入600μL甲醇溶液,用PBS清洗小室若干次,轻轻吸干水分用镊子夹出小室并放入24孔板甲醇中,上室甲醇固定20min;待甲醇晾干后,加入适量0.1%结晶紫染色0.5h;夹取小室完全浸入PBS进行洗涤,擦去上层基质胶,再次将小室全部浸入PBS中多次洗涤后在显微镜下拍照;用33%醋酸洗脱侵袭细胞,酶标仪检测OD570数值。
实验结果如图12,结果显示敲低HE4抑制肺癌细胞侵袭能力。
本文中所描述的具体实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效,而非用于限制本发明。任何熟悉此技术的人士皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下,对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此,但凡所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变,仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。
Claims (2)
1.一种肺腺癌与肺鳞癌鉴别的肿瘤标志物,其特征在于:所述标志物为人附睾分泌蛋白4(HE4),所述高表达HE4显著促进了肺癌细胞的生长、克隆形成、迁移和侵袭能力,并发现HE4在肺腺癌患者中高表达,而在肺鳞癌中低表达,从而鉴定肺癌尤其鉴别肺腺癌与肺鳞癌。
2.一种利用权利要求1所述的鉴别肺腺癌与肺鳞癌的鉴别方法,其特征在于:所述方法包括如下步骤:
a.分别将正常肺细胞株、肺鳞癌细胞株和肺腺癌细胞株裂解,western blotting;
b.将肺腺癌肿瘤组织、肺鳞癌肿瘤组织及癌旁正常临床组织样本裂解,westernblotting;
c.使用TCGA数据库分析HE4在肺腺癌与肺鳞癌细胞中的表达情况;
d.使用慢病毒HE4 shRNA分别感染肺腺癌PC-9和H1975细胞株,嘌呤霉素筛选10天建立稳定表达HE4 shRNAH1975细胞株以及瞬时感染HE4 shRNA6天PC-9细胞株,制备蛋白裂解液,western blotting检测HE4表达;
e.嘌呤霉素筛选10天建立稳定表达HE4 shRNAH1975与A549细胞株以及瞬时感染HE4shRNA6天PC-9细胞株,提取细胞RNA,q-PCR检测HE4在PC-9、H1975与A549中的转录水平;
f.瞬时感染HE4 shRNA 3天与6天,MTT检测HE4敲低对PC-9、A549与H1975细胞活力的影响并定量分析;
g.嘌呤霉素筛选10天建立稳定表达HE4 shRNA细胞株,MTT检测HE4敲低对A549与H1975细胞活力的影响并定量分析;
h.嘌呤霉素筛选10天建立稳定表达HE4 shRNA细胞株A549与H1975以及瞬时感染HE4shRNA6天细胞株PC-9,细胞成像检测细胞增殖;
i.嘌呤霉素筛选10天建立稳定表达HE4 shRNA细胞株A549与H1975以及瞬时感染HE4shRNA 6天细胞株PC-9,细胞克隆形成实验并定量分析;
j.嘌呤霉素筛选10天建立稳定表达HE4 shRNA细胞株A549与H1975以及瞬时感染HE4shRNA 6天细胞株PC-9,细胞划痕分析细胞迁移;
k.嘌呤霉素筛选10天建立稳定表达HE4 shRNA细胞株A549与H1975以及瞬时感染HE4shRNA6天细胞株PC-9,基质胶transwell分析细胞侵袭;
l.嘌呤霉素筛选10天建立稳定表达HE4 shRNA细胞株A549与H1975以及瞬时感染HE4shRNA6天细胞株PC-9,基质胶transwell检测细胞侵袭的定量分析。
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