CN116925477A - 一种无卤低烟阻燃聚氯乙烯电缆料 - Google Patents
一种无卤低烟阻燃聚氯乙烯电缆料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及聚氯乙烯技术领域,且公开了一种无卤低烟阻燃聚氯乙烯电缆料,本发明将三苯基氯硅烷、对甲基苯酚,反应得到三苯基硅氧烷基甲苯中间体;然后在吡啶体系中,经过高锰酸钾氧化,得到三苯基硅氧烷基苯甲酸中间体;最后与三丙氧基‑三乙醇胺基环三磷腈进行酯化反应,得到新型的多芳基环三磷腈硅氧烷阻燃剂。含有氮磷杂环和硅氧烷结构,可以形成氮磷硅新型阻燃效果,并且含有高含碳量的多芳环结构,在燃烧是可以促进在聚氯乙烯电缆料基团表面形成炭覆盖层,从而抑制烟气逸出,实现对聚氯乙烯电缆料无卤低烟的阻燃改性效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及聚氯乙烯技术领域,具体为一种无卤低烟阻燃聚氯乙烯电缆料。
背景技术
聚氯乙烯电缆料具有优良的绝缘性能、耐候性能,广泛应用在高压电输送、水底电缆、光纤电缆等方面,但是传统的聚氯乙烯电缆料存在阻燃性较差的问题;传统的聚氯乙烯电缆料阻燃剂为溴系阻燃剂,但是溴系阻燃剂在燃烧时可以产生生成的烟气、腐蚀性气体和有毒气体,污染较大,因此发展新型无卤阻燃剂应用于聚氯乙烯电缆料中成为研究趋势。
目前的无卤阻燃剂氮磷系阻燃剂、硅系阻燃剂等,环三磷腈衍生物是一种阻燃性能优异的氮磷系阻燃剂,将含硅化合物与环三磷腈衍生物结合,可以形成硅氮磷协效阻燃效果,增强其阻燃性能,专利CN102250147B公开了一种含硅官能团环三磷腈的制备方法和应用,将氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、六氯环三磷腈反应得到含硅官能团环三磷腈,可以提高聚丙烯的阻燃性能。本发明提供了一种多芳基环三磷腈硅氧烷阻燃剂,用于对聚氯乙烯电缆料的无卤低烟阻燃改性。
发明内容
(一)解决的技术问题
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种多芳基环三磷腈硅氧烷阻燃剂和无卤低烟阻燃聚氯乙烯电缆料。
(二)技术方案
一种无卤低烟阻燃聚氯乙烯电缆料,将重量份数计为100份聚氯乙烯、1-15份多芳基环三磷腈硅氧烷阻燃剂、45-55份增塑剂、0.5-1.2份润滑剂、0.1-0.5份抗氧剂加入到高速混合机中混匀,然后经过挤出机熔融挤出,造粒;然后在硫化床中模压,得到无卤低烟阻燃聚氯乙烯电缆料;
所述多芳基环三磷腈硅氧烷阻燃剂的制备工艺为:
S1、向溶剂中加入三苯基氯硅烷、对甲基苯酚和三乙胺,在60-90℃的温度下反应6-12h,反应后旋转除去溶剂,产物经过丙酮洗涤、干燥,得到三苯基硅氧烷基甲苯中间体;反应式如下:
S2、向高锰酸钾水溶液中加入吡啶、三苯基硅氧烷基甲苯中间体,先在50-65℃的温度下反应30-60min,然后在90-100℃的温度下回流反应2-6h,过滤除去不溶性固体,向滤液中加入水和乙酸乙酯萃取分离,将分离的乙酸乙酯溶液旋蒸,产物用经过水、丙酮洗涤,干燥,得到三苯基硅氧烷基苯甲酸中间体;反应式如下:
S3、向溶剂中加入三苯基硅氧烷基苯甲酸中间体、三丙氧基-三乙醇胺基环三磷腈、对甲苯磺酸,在110-135℃的温度下回流反应6-18h,旋蒸除去溶剂,产物用经过水、丙酮、乙醇洗涤,干燥,得到多芳基环三磷腈硅氧烷阻燃剂。反应式如下:
优选的,S1中溶剂为甲苯、二甲苯、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷或四氢呋喃的任一种。
优选的,S1中三苯基氯硅烷、对甲基苯酚和三乙胺的摩尔比为1:0.9-1.5:1-1.4。
优选的,S2中高锰酸钾水溶液的质量分数为30-55%;高锰酸钾水溶液与吡啶的体积为1:1.5-2.5。
优选的,S3中溶剂甲苯或二甲苯。
优选的,S3中三苯基硅氧烷基苯甲酸中间体、三丙氧基-三乙醇胺基环三磷腈、对甲苯磺酸的摩尔比为1:3-3.8:0.1-0.13。
(三)有益的技术效果
本发明将三苯基氯硅烷、对甲基苯酚,反应得到三苯基硅氧烷基甲苯中间体;然后在吡啶体系中,经过高锰酸钾氧化,得到三苯基硅氧烷基苯甲酸中间体;最后与三丙氧基-三乙醇胺基环三磷腈进行酯化反应,得到新型的多芳基环三磷腈硅氧烷阻燃剂。
多芳基环三磷腈硅氧烷阻燃剂含有氮磷杂环和硅氧烷结构,可以形成氮磷硅新型阻燃效果,并且含有高含碳量的多芳环结构,在燃烧是可以促进在聚氯乙烯电缆料基团表面形成炭覆盖层,从而抑制烟气逸出,实现对聚氯乙烯电缆料无卤低烟的阻燃改性效果。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明,下面将对本发明进行更全面的描述。下文给出了本发明的较佳实施例。但是,本发明可以以许多不同的形式来实现,并不限于本文所描述的实施例。相反地,提供这些实施例的目的是使对本发明的公开内容的理解更加透彻全面。
实施例1
S1、向甲苯溶剂中加入摩尔比为1:0.9:1的三苯基氯硅烷、对甲基苯酚和三乙胺,在90℃的温度下反应6h,反应后旋转除去溶剂,产物经过丙酮洗涤、干燥,得到三苯基硅氧烷基甲苯中间体;
S2、向质量分数为55%的高锰酸钾水溶液中加入吡啶和三苯基硅氧烷基甲苯中间体,控制高锰酸钾水溶液与吡啶的体积为1:1.5,先在65℃的温度下反应40min,然后在100℃的温度下回流反应2h,过滤除去不溶性固体,向滤液中加入水和乙酸乙酯萃取分离,将分离的乙酸乙酯溶液旋蒸,产物用经过水、丙酮洗涤,干燥,得到三苯基硅氧烷基苯甲酸中间体;
S3、向甲苯溶剂中加入摩尔比为1:3:0.1的三苯基硅氧烷基苯甲酸中间体、三丙氧基-三乙醇胺基环三磷腈、对甲苯磺酸,在120℃的温度下回流反应18h,旋蒸除去溶剂,产物用经过水、丙酮、乙醇洗涤,干燥,得到多芳基环三磷腈硅氧烷阻燃剂。
S4、将重量份数计为100份聚氯乙烯、1份多芳基环三磷腈硅氧烷阻燃剂、45份增塑剂、0.5份润滑剂、0.5份抗氧剂加入到高速混合机中混匀,然后经过挤出机熔融挤出,熔融温度190℃,挤出温度195℃、造粒;然后在硫化床中模压20min,温度为200℃,得到无卤低烟阻燃聚氯乙烯电缆料。
实施例2
S1、向三氯甲烷溶剂中加入摩尔比为1:1.2:1.3的三苯基氯硅烷、对甲基苯酚和三乙胺,在80℃的温度下反应6h,反应后旋转除去溶剂,产物经过丙酮洗涤、干燥,得到三苯基硅氧烷基甲苯中间体;
S2、向质量分数为40%的高锰酸钾水溶液中加入吡啶和三苯基硅氧烷基甲苯中间体,控制高锰酸钾水溶液与吡啶的体积为1:2.2,先在65℃的温度下反应60min,然后在100℃的温度下回流反应4h,过滤除去不溶性固体,向滤液中加入水和乙酸乙酯萃取分离,将分离的乙酸乙酯溶液旋蒸,产物用经过水、丙酮洗涤,干燥,得到三苯基硅氧烷基苯甲酸中间体;
S3、向甲苯溶剂中加入摩尔比为1:3.5:0.12的三苯基硅氧烷基苯甲酸中间体、三丙氧基-三乙醇胺基环三磷腈、对甲苯磺酸,在110℃的温度下回流反应18h,旋蒸除去溶剂,产物用经过水、丙酮、乙醇洗涤,干燥,得到多芳基环三磷腈硅氧烷阻燃剂。
S4、将重量份数计为100份聚氯乙烯、4份多芳基环三磷腈硅氧烷阻燃剂、48份增塑剂、1份润滑剂、0.5份抗氧剂加入到高速混合机中混匀,然后经过挤出机熔融挤出,熔融温度190℃,挤出温度195℃、造粒;然后在硫化床中模压20min,温度为200℃,得到无卤低烟阻燃聚氯乙烯电缆料。
实施例3
S1、向四氢呋喃溶剂中加入摩尔比为1:1.5:1.4的三苯基氯硅烷、对甲基苯酚和三乙胺,在90℃的温度下反应6h,反应后旋转除去溶剂,产物经过丙酮洗涤、干燥,得到三苯基硅氧烷基甲苯中间体;
S2、向质量分数为30%的高锰酸钾水溶液中加入吡啶和三苯基硅氧烷基甲苯中间体,控制高锰酸钾水溶液与吡啶的体积为1:2.5,先在65℃的温度下反应60min,然后在90℃的温度下回流反应2h,过滤除去不溶性固体,向滤液中加入水和乙酸乙酯萃取分离,将分离的乙酸乙酯溶液旋蒸,产物用经过水、丙酮洗涤,干燥,得到三苯基硅氧烷基苯甲酸中间体;
S3、向二甲苯溶剂中加入摩尔比为1:3.8:0.13的三苯基硅氧烷基苯甲酸中间体、三丙氧基-三乙醇胺基环三磷腈、对甲苯磺酸,在110℃的温度下回流反应18h,旋蒸除去溶剂,产物用经过水、丙酮、乙醇洗涤,干燥,得到多芳基环三磷腈硅氧烷阻燃剂。
S4、将重量份数计为100份聚氯乙烯、8份多芳基环三磷腈硅氧烷阻燃剂、55份增塑剂、1.2份润滑剂、0.3份抗氧剂加入到高速混合机中混匀,然后经过挤出机熔融挤出,熔融温度190℃,挤出温度195℃、造粒;然后在硫化床中模压20min,温度为200℃,得到无卤低烟阻燃聚氯乙烯电缆料。
实施例4
S1、向二氯甲烷溶剂中加入摩尔比为1:1.5:1.3的三苯基氯硅烷、对甲基苯酚和三乙胺,在60℃的温度下反应10h,反应后旋转除去溶剂,产物经过丙酮洗涤、干燥,得到三苯基硅氧烷基甲苯中间体;
S2、向质量分数为55%的高锰酸钾水溶液中加入吡啶和三苯基硅氧烷基甲苯中间体,控制高锰酸钾水溶液与吡啶的体积为1:2,先在60℃的温度下反应40min,然后在90℃的温度下回流反应4h,过滤除去不溶性固体,向滤液中加入水和乙酸乙酯萃取分离,将分离的乙酸乙酯溶液旋蒸,产物用经过水、丙酮洗涤,干燥,得到三苯基硅氧烷基苯甲酸中间体;
S3、向甲苯溶剂中加入摩尔比为1:3.5:0.1的三苯基硅氧烷基苯甲酸中间体、三丙氧基-三乙醇胺基环三磷腈、对甲苯磺酸,在120℃的温度下回流反应12h,旋蒸除去溶剂,产物用经过水、丙酮、乙醇洗涤,干燥,得到多芳基环三磷腈硅氧烷阻燃剂。
S4、将重量份数计为100份聚氯乙烯、12份多芳基环三磷腈硅氧烷阻燃剂、55份增塑剂、1.2份润滑剂、0.3份抗氧剂加入到高速混合机中混匀,然后经过挤出机熔融挤出,熔融温度190℃,挤出温度195℃、造粒;然后在硫化床中模压20min,温度为200℃,得到无卤低烟阻燃聚氯乙烯电缆料。
实施例5
S1、向二甲苯溶剂中加入摩尔比为1:1.3:1.3的三苯基氯硅烷、对甲基苯酚和三乙胺,在60℃的温度下反应6h,反应后旋转除去溶剂,产物经过丙酮洗涤、干燥,得到三苯基硅氧烷基甲苯中间体;
S2、向质量分数为40%的高锰酸钾水溶液中加入吡啶和三苯基硅氧烷基甲苯中间体,控制高锰酸钾水溶液与吡啶的体积为1:2,先在60℃的温度下反应30min,然后在95℃的温度下回流反应6h,过滤除去不溶性固体,向滤液中加入水和乙酸乙酯萃取分离,将分离的乙酸乙酯溶液旋蒸,产物用经过水、丙酮洗涤,干燥,得到三苯基硅氧烷基苯甲酸中间体;
S3、向甲苯溶剂中加入摩尔比为1:3:0.1的三苯基硅氧烷基苯甲酸中间体、三丙氧基-三乙醇胺基环三磷腈、对甲苯磺酸,在120℃的温度下回流反应12h,旋蒸除去溶剂,产物用经过水、丙酮、乙醇洗涤,干燥,得到多芳基环三磷腈硅氧烷阻燃剂。
S4、将重量份数计为100份聚氯乙烯、15份多芳基环三磷腈硅氧烷阻燃剂、50份增塑剂、1.2份润滑剂、0.5份抗氧剂加入到高速混合机中混匀,然后经过挤出机熔融挤出,熔融温度190℃,挤出温度195℃、造粒;然后在硫化床中模压20min,温度为200℃,得到无卤低烟阻燃聚氯乙烯电缆料。
对比例1
S1、向甲苯溶剂中加入摩尔比为1:1.2:1.2的三苯基氯硅烷、对甲基苯酚和三乙胺,在60℃的温度下反应12h,反应后旋转除去溶剂,产物经过丙酮洗涤、干燥,得到三苯基硅氧烷基甲苯中间体;
S2、将重量份数计为100份聚氯乙烯、1份三苯基硅氧烷基甲苯中间体、55份增塑剂、0.5份润滑剂、0.2份抗氧剂加入到高速混合机中混匀,然后经过挤出机熔融挤出,熔融温度190℃,挤出温度195℃、造粒;然后在硫化床中模压20min,温度为200℃,得到无卤低烟阻燃聚氯乙烯电缆料。
对比例2
S1、将重量份数计为100份聚氯乙烯、1份三丙氧基-三乙醇胺基环三磷腈、55份增塑剂、0.5份润滑剂、0.2份抗氧剂加入到高速混合机中混匀,然后经过挤出机熔融挤出,熔融温度190℃,挤出温度195℃、造粒;然后在硫化床中模压20min,温度为200℃,得到无卤低烟阻燃聚氯乙烯电缆料。
参考UL94等级和GB/T 2406.1-2008的方法测试聚氯乙烯电缆料的阻燃性能。
UL94等级 | 极限氧指数(%) | |
实施例1 | V-0 | 27.9 |
实施例2 | V-0 | 29.1 |
实施例3 | V-0 | 30.5 |
实施例4 | V-0 | 32.6 |
实施例5 | V-0 | 33.2 |
对比例1 | V-1 | 24.2 |
对比例2 | V-0 | 27.3 |
依据本发明的理想实施例为启示,通过上述的说明内容,相关人员完全可以在不偏离本项发明技术思想的范围内,进行多样的变更以及修改。本项发明的技术性范围并不局限于说明书上的内容,必须要根据权利要求范围来确定技术性范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种无卤低烟阻燃聚氯乙烯电缆料,其特征在于:所述无卤低烟阻燃聚氯乙烯电缆料是将重量份数计为100份聚氯乙烯、1-15份多芳基环三磷腈硅氧烷阻燃剂、45-55份增塑剂、0.5-1.2份润滑剂、0.1-0.5份抗氧剂加入到高速混合机中混匀,然后经过挤出机熔融挤出,造粒;然后在硫化床中模压,得到无卤低烟阻燃聚氯乙烯电缆料;
所述多芳基环三磷腈硅氧烷阻燃剂的制备工艺为:
S1、向溶剂中加入三苯基氯硅烷、对甲基苯酚和三乙胺,在60-90℃的温度下反应6-12h,反应后旋转除去溶剂,产物经过丙酮洗涤、干燥,得到三苯基硅氧烷基甲苯中间体;
S2、向高锰酸钾水溶液中加入吡啶、三苯基硅氧烷基甲苯中间体,先在50-65℃的温度下反应30-60min,然后在90-100℃的温度下回流反应2-6h,过滤除去不溶性固体,向滤液中加入水和乙酸乙酯萃取分离,将分离的乙酸乙酯溶液旋蒸,产物用经过水、丙酮洗涤,干燥,得到三苯基硅氧烷基苯甲酸中间体;
S3、向溶剂中加入三苯基硅氧烷基苯甲酸中间体、三丙氧基-三乙醇胺基环三磷腈、对甲苯磺酸,在110-135℃的温度下回流反应6-18h,旋蒸除去溶剂,产物用经过水、丙酮、乙醇洗涤,干燥,得到多芳基环三磷腈硅氧烷阻燃剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的超支化聚合物改性聚氯乙烯电缆料的制备工艺,其特征在于:S1中溶剂为甲苯、二甲苯、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷或四氢呋喃的任一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的超支化聚合物改性聚氯乙烯电缆料的制备工艺,其特征在于:S1中三苯基氯硅烷、对甲基苯酚和三乙胺的摩尔比为1:0.9-1.5:1-1.4。
4.根据权利要求1所述的超支化聚合物改性聚氯乙烯电缆料的制备工艺,其特征在于:S2中高锰酸钾水溶液的质量分数为30-55%;高锰酸钾水溶液与吡啶的体积为1:1.5-2.5。
5.根据权利要求1所述的超支化聚合物改性聚氯乙烯电缆料的制备工艺,其特征在于:S3中溶剂甲苯或二甲苯。
6.根据权利要求1所述的超支化聚合物改性聚氯乙烯电缆料的制备工艺,其特征在于:S3中三苯基硅氧烷基苯甲酸中间体、三丙氧基-三乙醇胺基环三磷腈、对甲苯磺酸的摩尔比为1:3-3.8:0.1-0.13。
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