CN116904361A - 一种具有解磷能力的贪铜菌属菌株及其应用 - Google Patents
一种具有解磷能力的贪铜菌属菌株及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有解磷能力的贪铜菌属(Cupriavidus necator)菌株,其特征在于:该菌株为贪铜菌属(Cupriavidus necator)菌株YTR‑C1,已于2023年5月16日保藏于中国普通微生物菌种保藏管理中心,保藏编号为CGMCC27358。本发明从中国科学院红壤生态实验站有机培肥长期试验小区玉米根际土壤筛选出一株高效解磷菌,对其测序鉴定,并证明菌株YTR‑C1具有高效溶解无机磷、有机磷能力,通过盆栽实验发现添加菌株YTR‑C1显著增加了红壤有效磷含量,改善玉米的生长状况及品质。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农用微生物技术领域,具体涉及一种具有解磷能力的贪铜菌属菌株及其应用。
背景技术
磷(P)是土壤肥力评价关键指标之一,也是植物生长所必需的营养元素中仅次于氮的第二重要元素,参与植物体内蛋白质、磷酸合成和能量代谢等生命过程。红壤广泛分布于中国南部和中部的热带及亚热带地区,分布区域占国土面积的11.8%,是我国重要的粮食产区和经济作物基地。酸、瘦、黏、旱是红壤的主要肥力特征,红壤对磷素有较强的吸附固定作用,大量的磷素被土壤中的活性铁离子、铝离子固定形成无效态磷。因此,红壤中全磷含量虽丰富,但95%以上的磷为无效磷,不能被植物吸收利用,红壤地区普遍出现磷素缺乏现象。目前解决土壤缺磷最普遍最有效的方法是施用磷肥,随着磷肥的大量施用及可变电荷土壤的固有特性,使得大量外源磷素迅速转化为难溶形态的Al-P和Fe-P积累在红壤中,导致施入土壤中的磷肥利用率低于20%。长期施用磷肥不仅增加了农业投入成本,还造成了土壤酸化板结、有机质含量下降,土壤生物功能紊乱失衡,降低了土壤地力水平和作物生产力。因此,选择长期有效且安全的方法来提高土壤磷利用率,旨在为红壤中磷肥的适量施用和科学施磷制度的建立提供依据,这对维持土壤健康和实现农业经济可持续发展具有重要意义。
土壤中存在着一类特殊的解磷微生物,能够将植物不能吸收利用的无效态磷转化为可吸收利用的有效态磷HPO4 2-或H2PO4 -,提高土壤中有效磷含量,增加作物对磷的吸收利用,减少化肥的施用量,同时可以促进作物的生长发育,有效增强作物对病原菌的抗病能力。然而,解磷微生物对环境变化敏感,其丰度、群落结构和功能会快速响应土壤性质和环境气候等变化。将特定环境中分离筛选的土著高效解磷菌运用到原始土壤环境中,能更好地发挥其解磷功能。因此,通过生物学方法寻求高效的微生物磷肥迫在眉睫,从红壤中分离土著解磷菌并将其制备成菌剂施用于土壤是缓解红壤磷素缺乏、提高作物产量及品质的有效途径之一。目前从酸性红壤中分离解磷菌,并将其制作成菌剂提高土壤有效磷含量,实现作物增产的相关报道较少,但这一研究具有重要的应用价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有解磷能力的贪铜菌属菌株及其应用,以活化红壤磷素,提高土壤磷素有效性,减少磷肥施用量,促进玉米生长和产量。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:
一种具有解磷能力的贪铜菌属(Cupriavidus necator)菌株YTR-C1,该菌株为贪铜菌属菌株YTR-C1,已于2023年5月16日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号 ),保藏编号为CGMCC27358。
上述贪铜菌属菌株YTR-C1分离于中国科学院红壤生态实验站有机培肥长期试验小区玉米根际土壤,经土壤悬液稀释、KB培养基的接种培养分离纯化后,获得一株贪铜菌属(Cupriavidus necator),命名为YTR-C1。
该菌株的生物学性质分别如下:
(1)形态学特征:在KB固体培养基上形成淡黄色的圆形菌落,边缘整齐,凸状,表面光滑湿润,革兰氏染色呈阴性(图1)。
(2)培养特征:最适生长温度范围为25-30℃,其可较好生长pH值范围为6.0-8.0
(图2),需氧,生长于KB培养基中。培养基成分:Peptone 20.0g/L,C3H8O310mL/L,K2HPO41.5g/L,MgSO4.7H2O 1.5g/L。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种含有贪铜菌属(Cupriavidus necator)菌株YTR-C1的微生物菌剂。
本发明的第三个目的是提供上述贪铜菌属(Cupriavidus necator)菌株YTR-C1的应用。
所述贪铜菌属(Cupriavidus necator)菌株YTR-C1具有高效的解磷特性,能够分解无机磷和有机磷,例如磷酸铝、磷酸铁、卵磷脂,能够显著增加红壤有效磷含量。
所述贪铜菌属(Cupriavidus necator)菌株YTR-C1用于改善玉米生长状况,将所述贪铜菌属(Cupriavidus necator)菌株YTR-C1制备成菌剂,施用于红壤,以改善玉米的生长状况,能够增加玉米地上部和地下部生物量、提高玉米叶片可溶性糖、叶片可溶性蛋白以及叶片吲哚乙酸(IAA)含量,增加红壤有效磷含量。
有益效果:
本发明从中国科学院红壤生态实验站有机培肥长期试验小区的玉米根际土壤中筛选出一株高效解磷菌,对其测序鉴定,证明了YTR-C1具有高效的解磷特性,制备成菌剂使用,显著增加了红壤有效磷含量,改善玉米的生长状况。
附图说明
图1为本发明分离到的贪铜菌属菌株YTR-C1在KB固体培养基上的菌落特征图;
图2为贪铜菌属菌株YTR-C1在不同pH下的生长曲线图片;
图3为贪铜菌属菌株YTR-C1的解磷圈图片;
图4为贪铜菌属菌株YTR-C1系统发育树的构建图;
图5为盆栽实验接种贪铜菌属菌株YTR-C1下生长图,其中上两图为第20天和第30天后玉米的生长长势图,下一图为第30天后玉米整体生长长势图;
图6分别为盆栽实验接种贪铜菌属菌株YTR-C1下玉米株高、根系长、叶片可溶性糖、叶片可溶性蛋白、叶片吲哚乙酸(IAA)、地上部地下部生物量、以及土壤有效磷含量。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做更进一步的解释。根据下述实施例,可以更好的理解本发明。然而,本领域的技术人员容易理解,实施例所描述的具体的物料配比、工艺条件及其结果仅用于说明本发明,而不应当也不会限制权利要求书中所详细描述的本发明。
实施例1
贪铜菌属菌株YTR-C1(Cupriavidus necator)的筛选与鉴定
1、菌株筛选
(1)在0-15cm的深度从每个地块收集玉米根区土壤,抖掉松散粘附的土壤后,用刷子收集紧密粘附的根际土壤。称取1g玉米根际土壤放入离心管中,加入9mL 0.9%的灭菌的生理盐水制成10-1的菌悬液,放入180r/min的振荡箱中振荡10min,取出后静置1h。玉米根际土壤的具体采集操作:在0-15cm的深度从每个地块收集玉米根区土壤,抖掉松散粘附的土壤后,用刷子收集紧密粘附的根际土壤。
(2)从静置后的土壤悬液中吸取5μL加45μL无菌水,制成10-2菌悬液。依次将菌悬液稀释成10-3、10-4、10-5,分别取5mL 10-5的菌悬液加入50mL和500mL的KB培养基中制成10-6和10-7的培养液,将250μL的10-6和10-7的培养液加入96孔板中。最后将96孔板放入酶标仪中,室温(28℃)条件下在不同pH(4.0,4.5,5.0,6.0,7.0,8.0,9.0,9.5)下测定贪铜菌属(Cupriavidus necator)菌株YTR-C1的生长状况。
(3)将板中生长出菌液的孔径中的液体取200μL至保藏管中,加200μL甘油保存,对应标上其孔板和孔序号,剩下50μL用于菌种的分子鉴定,使用细菌16S rRNA通用引物27F/1492R进行PCR扩增。PCR扩增条件:94℃预变性10min,94℃变性30s,55℃退火30s,72℃延伸1min,变性退火延伸共35个循环,72℃延伸10min后,终止反应。经测序所得有效序列于NCBI上进行比对后,结果显示与贪铜菌属(Cupriavidus.sp)同源性最高。
2、菌株鉴定:
贪铜菌属(Cupriavidus necator)菌株YTR-C1的基因序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示。
实施例2
贪铜菌属(Cupriavidus necator)菌株YTR-C1的解磷特性
(1)解磷圈法:有机磷源为卵磷脂,无机磷源为磷酸铝、磷酸铁,均为分析纯试剂。
(2)配制蒙金娜有机磷(卵磷脂)、磷酸铝、磷酸铁培养基平板,每个平板划分4个区域,依次吸取2μL点在每个区域的中心,在28℃培养箱培养3d,观察菌株是否生长以及是否形成解磷圈,并记录解磷圈直径(单位D/cm)、菌落直径(单位d/cm),计算D/d比值,以此确定菌株对不同难溶性磷的解磷能力与解磷效率。
培养基配方如下:
①蒙金娜有机磷(卵磷脂)细菌培养基(1L):葡萄糖10.0g,(NH4)2SO40.5g,NaCl0.3g,MgSO4·7H2O 0.3g,FeSO40.03g,MnSO4·H2O 0.03g,KCl 0.3g,CaCO31.0g,卵磷脂0.3g,琼脂20g,pH 7.0。其中卵磷脂用75%乙醇加热溶解,单独灭菌,与灭菌冷却至60℃的培养基混合后倒平板。
②蒙金娜无机磷(磷酸铝)细菌培养基(1L):葡萄糖10.0g,(NH4)2SO40.5g,NaCl0.3g,MgSO4·7H2O 0.3g,FeSO40.03g,MnSO4·H2O 0.03g,KCl 0.3g,CaCO31.0g,AlPO43.93g,琼脂20g,pH 7.0。
③蒙金娜无机磷(磷酸铁)细菌培养基(1L):葡萄糖10.0g,(NH4)2SO40.5g,NaCl0.3g,MgSO4·7H2O 0.3g,FeSO40.03g,MnSO4·H2O 0.03g,KCl 0.3g,CaCO31.0g,FePO44.86g,琼脂20g,pH 7.0。
结果表示贪铜菌属菌株YTR-C1在上述三种培养基平板上均能生长,对卵磷脂、磷酸铁和磷酸铝均具有一定的溶解能力。解磷圈结果见图3。菌株对难溶性磷的溶解能力见表1,解磷圈直径与菌落直径比值大小依次为磷酸铁>磷酸铝>卵磷脂,分别为7.71、7.06、5.38。与其他根际细菌相比,贪铜菌属YTR-C1对磷酸铝、磷酸铁和卵磷脂的解磷能力要显著高于芽孢杆菌属、节杆菌属、假单胞菌属、伯克氏菌属和肠杆菌属,磷酸铝的溶解能力增加1.8-5.4倍,磷酸铁的溶解能力增加1.7-4.6倍,卵磷脂的溶解能力增加1.5-5.8倍
表1不同玉米根际细菌溶磷特性对比分析
实施例3
玉米盆栽实验
(1)本实验共设两个处理,添加贪铜菌属菌株YTR-C1和不施加菌剂的对照处理(CK),每个处理6次重复。
(2)土、肥用量:按照土壤中有机肥含量(质量含量)2%将有机肥与取自江西鹰潭的红壤(第四纪红黏土)充分混和,灭菌,装入上口径10cm,下口径7cm,高8.5cm的塑胶盆中,每盆土壤基质500g。
(3)育苗:玉米种子为苏玉29号。1)种子消毒:首先用70%的酒精消毒1min,再用1%次氯酸钠消毒15min,最后用无菌水冲洗五次。将消毒好的种子放在无菌水上,置于28℃培养箱中暗培养待其发芽;2)在种子发芽的第五天选取长势一致的幼苗移栽到盆栽红壤中。
(4)菌液制备与添加:在KB培养基中分别摇瓶培养YTR-C1菌液100mL,培养24h后分别测三瓶发酵液的OD600值,当OD600值达到1.0时将菌液离心,用0.9%生理盐水洗涤沉淀3次,最后用无菌水将菌体悬浮制成菌剂后,使用移液器将菌剂添加到玉米植株的根部(离根2cm的范围内)。玉米苗移栽后的第3天、第15天各添加一次菌液,按照每克土100μL的量,每盆加5mL菌液(菌液浓度为1×109CFU mL-1)。
(5)盆栽实验开展30天后收获玉米植株,分别测定每个处理玉米苗的地上部和地下部生物量、叶片中可溶性糖、叶片可溶性蛋白、叶片吲哚乙酸(IAA)以及红壤有效磷含量。结果如图6所示:添加菌剂YTR-C1的植株株高比对照CK提高45.2%,根系长比CK提高了178.7%,植株生物量是CK的2.8倍,其中地上部生物量比CK高出422.8%,地下部生物量高出36.8%;添加菌剂YTR-C1的植株叶片中的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、吲哚乙酸(IAA)含量以及红壤有效磷含量分别比CK高出17.7%、29.4%、4.8%和57.5%。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种具有解磷能力的贪铜菌属菌株,其特征在于:该菌株为贪铜菌属菌株YTR-C1,已于2023年5月16日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏编号为CGMCC27358。
2.一种含有权利要求1所述的贪铜菌属菌株的微生物菌剂。
3.权利要求1所述的贪铜菌属菌株在解磷中的应用。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于:所述贪铜菌属菌株YTR-C1能够分解无机磷、有机磷中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于:所述贪铜菌属菌株YTR-C1能够分解磷酸铝、磷酸铁、卵磷脂中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于:所述贪铜菌属菌株YTR-C1用于改善玉米生长状况。
7.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于:将所述贪铜菌属菌株YTR-C1制备成菌剂,喷洒施用于红壤,以改善玉米的生长状况,能够增加玉米地上部和地下部生物量、增加玉米根系长、提高玉米叶片可溶性糖、叶片可溶性蛋白以及叶片吲哚乙酸含量,增加红壤有效磷含量。
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