CN116854793A - AtWRKY45基因在调控植物螯合素的合成与植物镉胁迫耐受性中的应用 - Google Patents
AtWRKY45基因在调控植物螯合素的合成与植物镉胁迫耐受性中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了AtWRKY45基因在调控植物螯合素的合成与植物镉胁迫耐受性中的应用。本发明研究发现了受镉胁迫诱导表达的AtWRKY45基因,拟南芥转录因子AtWRKY45通过正向调控植物螯合素合成来增加植物对镉胁迫的耐受性。研究显示AtWRKY45基因可快速响应镉胁迫,3小时就被诱导,在拟南芥中过量表达,能增加拟南芥对于镉胁迫的耐受性;而敲除AtWRKY45基因的突变体wrky45对镉胁迫更敏感。此外,超量表达AtWRKY45能提高植物GSH、PCs含量,参与GSH‑PCs介导的重金属Cd解毒途径,表明WRKY45通过PCs合成途径正向调节Cd耐受性,能应用于耐镉农作物的培育和镉污染环境的治理。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于基因工程技术领域。更具体地,涉及AtWRKY45基因在调控植物螯合素的合成与植物镉胁迫耐受性中的应用。
背景技术
土壤镉(Cd)污染是一个全球性的环境问题,其毒性高,容易通过食物链传播。在过量的Cd暴露下,植物表现出生长受限、光合作用减慢、呼吸作用降低、叶片黄化、抑制根生长、增加活性氧(ROS)的合成,甚至死亡。植物已经进化出各种策略来抵抗Cd胁迫,这些策略包括减少对Cd的吸收、积累、运输,改变镉在地上地下部的分配,以及增加合成谷光甘肽(GSH)和植物螯合素(PC)钝化镉。其主要有两种策略来缓解镉胁迫,进行“解毒”:第一种为排除策略,即减少从土壤中吸收Cd,避免Cd进入植物或排出多余的Cd(Mills et al.,2005;Morel et al.,2009);第二种为耐受策略,该策略将Cd螯合在细胞质中,并将Cd隔离在液泡中(Verbroggen et al.,2009)。而植物螯合素(PC)的络合作用是这些机制中的重要组成部分。植物螯合素合成酶1(PCS1)和植物螯合素合成酶2(PCS2)催化PC的合成,通过GSH-PCs途径介导重金属解毒。
WRKY转录因子是植物所特有的基因家族之一,调控其适应生物和非生物逆境。WRKY家族成员几乎参与了植物独特的各种生理机制的调节,包括病原体防御、衰老、生长和发育等。尽管WRKY蛋白的DNA结合域具有很强的保守性,但是WRKY蛋白的整体结构高度分歧,可以分为不同的组,从而反映了它们的不同生理功能。在拟南芥基因组中有100多个成员代表,其对应的功能应用完全不同。如有研究显示发现,WRKY13基因作用于PDR8(特异性Cd离子外排泵)的上游正调控Cd耐受性;WRKY33基因调控PAD3与ATL31基因,可能参与调控拟南芥对外源Cd吸收的抑制,或参与调控Cd的排出,以调节拟南芥对Cd胁迫的耐受,是不参与GSH-PCs介导的重金属解毒途径的调控,同时也不依赖Pb解毒途径和Fe平衡调解途径的。可见,现有技术中主要依赖第一种缓解镉胁迫策略,目前还未见有参与GSH-PCs介导的重金属解毒途径的来调节植物对镉胁迫的耐受性。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有植物对镉胁迫的耐受性调节的不足,提供拟南芥AtWRKY45基因在调控植物螯合素的合成与植物镉胁迫耐受性中的应用。
本发明的目的是提供AtWRKY45基因在正调控植物镉耐受性中的应用。
本发明另一目的是提供一种在镉胁迫下提高植物谷光甘肽和植物螯合素含量的方法。
本发明又一目的是提供一种改变植物镉胁迫耐受性的方法。
本发明再一目的是提供一种提高植物镉胁迫耐受性的制剂。
本发明上述目的通过以下技术方案实现:
本发明研究发现一个受镉胁迫诱导表达的AtWRKY45基因,拟南芥转录因子AtWRKY45通过正向调控植物螯合素合成来增加植物对镉胁迫的耐受性。本发明利用转基因技术创制过量表达AtWRKY45基因的拟南芥材料,发现过量表达AtWRKY45基因的拟南芥材料WRKY45-OX-15与哥伦比亚野生型拟南芥(Col-0)相比,在镉毒胁迫下,主根显著增加,并且鲜重和叶绿素含量显著增加,能够促进植株生长。相反在镉毒胁迫下,T-DNA插入突变体wrky45相对于野生型主根显著变短,并且鲜重和叶绿素含量显著降低。进一步研究发现在镉胁迫下,相比于野生型,超量表达WRKY45可以显著增加拟南芥中的谷光甘肽(GSH)和植物螯合素(PCs)含量,而在突变体wrky45中PCS含量显著降低。综上,显示转录因子WRKY45通过正向调控植物螯合素合成来增加植物对镉胁迫的耐受性。
因此,本发明保护AtWRKY45基因的以下应用:
AtWRKY45基因在正调控植物镉耐受性的应用。
AtWRKY45基因在正向调控植物螯合素的合成并提高植物对镉胁迫的耐受性的中应用。
AtWRKY45基因在镉胁迫下促进植物生长中的应用。
AtWRKY45基因在制备镉胁迫下促进植物生长的产品中的应用。
AtWRKY45基因在构建耐镉胁迫的转基因材料中的应用。
AtWRKY45基因在植物耐镉胁迫育种中的应用。
AtWRKY45基因在镉胁迫下提高植物谷光甘肽和植物螯合素含量中的应用。
AtWRKY45基因在制备在镉胁迫下提高植物谷光甘肽和植物螯合素含量的产品中的应用。
进一步地,所述AtWRKY45基因的CDS序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示,AtWRKY45基因的编码蛋白氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示,AtWRKY45基因组核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.3所示,AtWRKY45转录本核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.4所示。
本发明还提供促进AtWRKY45基因表达的制剂在镉胁迫下促进植物生长或在制备促进植物生长的产品、在镉胁迫下提高GSH、PCs含量或在制备提高GSH、PCs含量的产品中的应用。
优选地,此处所述促进AtWRKY45基因表达的制剂包括但不限于酶激活剂、化合物促进剂、质粒等。
本发明还提供一种在镉胁迫下提高植物GSH、PCs含量的方法,通过在植物中过表达AtWRKY45基因或将促进AtWRKY45基因表达的制剂转入植物体内,以此提高植物GSH、PCs含量。
本发明还提供一种改变植物镉胁迫耐受性的方法,通过在植物中过表达或抑制表达AtWRKY45基因,以此改变植物镉胁迫耐受性。
优选地,通过过表达植物AtWRKY45基因提高植物镉胁迫耐受性;通过抑制表达植物AtWRKY45基因,增加植物对于镉胁迫的敏感性。
优选地,所述植物为拟南芥,由于拟南芥属于模式植物,同时也可以应用于大豆、玉米、水稻以及蔬菜等植物中。
本发明还提供一种提高植物镉胁迫耐受性的制剂,含AtWRKY45基因的表达促进剂或表达激活剂。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明公开了一种与镉胁迫相关的WRKY家族基因AtWRKY45在植物适应镉胁迫中的应用。AtWRKY45基因的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示,AtWRKY45基因可快速响应镉胁迫,3小时就被诱导;在拟南芥中过量表达AtWRKY45,增加了拟南芥对于镉胁迫的耐受性;在Cd胁迫下,超量表达植株表现出更强的镉耐受性,且植株的初生根长、鲜重(FW)和叶绿素Ⅱ含量显著增加,能够在镉胁迫下促进植物生长;而基因敲除突变体wrky45对镉胁迫的敏感性增加。此外,与野生型相比,wrky45突变体的NPT和PCs含量在Cd胁迫下显著降低,而wrky45-OX-15突变体的NPT和PCs含量则显著高于野生型。表明WRKY45通过PCs合成途径正向调节Cd耐受性,可进一步应用耐镉农作物的培育和镉污染环境的治理。
附图说明
图1为WRKY45在拟南芥中的表达模式(A为拟南芥叶片;B为拟南芥根系,数据表示平均值±标准误(n=4),四个独立的实验结果,误差线表示标准误)。
图2为过表达和基因突变WRKY45对拟南芥转基因植株的的影响(A为WRKY45功能突变缺失导致对Cd胁迫敏感的表型,图中标尺为1厘米;B为不同植株的主根长度;C为鲜重;D为叶绿素Ⅱ含量;Col-0为哥伦比亚野生型拟南芥,WRKY45-OX-15为WRKY45超量表达株系,wrky45为WRKY45突变体株系;数据为平均值±SE(n=4);不同小写字母的柱状图差异显著,P<0.05(Tukey检验))。
图3为WRKY45促进NPT和PCs的产生(A为WT(Col-0)、wrky45突变体和WRKY45-OX-15植株中非蛋白硫醇肽(NPT)含量;B为总谷胱甘肽(GSH/GSSG)含量;C为植物螯合素(PCs)含量;数据表示均数±标准误(n=4),不同小写字母的柱形差异显著,P<0.05(Tukey检验))。
具体实施方式
以下结合说明书附图和具体实施例来进一步说明本发明,但实施例并不对本发明做任何形式的限定。除非特别说明,本发明采用的试剂、方法和设备为本技术领域常规试剂、方法和设备。
除非特别说明,以下实施例所用试剂和材料均为市购。
实施例1AtWRKY45在镉胁迫下的表达模式
(1)定量PCR引物设计
从网站下载AtWRKY45基因组序列(核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.3所示)、AtWRKY45转录本序列(核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.4所示)、AtWRKY45 CDS序列(核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示)、AtWRKY45的编码蛋白(氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示);并根据DNA序列设计并合成其特异的定量扩增引物:
AtWRKY45_qF:TGCACAGAAGAAGGATGCAG;
AtWRKY45_qR:TGGTATGTCGTCACCACCAC。
(2)拟南芥材料的种植和镉处理
a、种子消毒:将成熟、饱满、干燥的拟南芥野生型(Col-0)种子放在1.5mL离心管中,加入75%的酒精,旋转涡旋消毒5分钟,离心去除酒精;然后继续加入95%酒精上下颠倒,充分浸润种子,离心去除酒精,在超净工作台干燥。
b、层积催芽:将消毒后的种子撒入1/2MS培养基,四摄氏度层积处理两天,然后放入在22℃条件下,光强为100μmol-2s-1,光照周期为16h/8h光照培养中培养。
c、移苗:5天后选择正常、长势一致的幼苗移栽至水培系统生长,周换一次营养液,每3天调一次pH。
d、处理:两周后进行处理:镉胁迫(Cd2+:20μM)、正常(CK:d2+:0μM)。
e、采样:对处理0、1、3、6、12、24小时的根、叶采样,液氮冷冻,-80℃保存。
(3)总RNA的提取
参照TRIzo1一步法分离总RNA。取0.2g样品放入预冷的研钵中磨成粉末状,转至1.5mL离心管,加入1mL TRIzo1提取液,剧烈震荡混匀,室温静止5分钟;加入0.2mL氯仿,大力摇动,室温静止2~5分钟,4℃下12000rpm离心15分钟;取上清转入新管,加入0.5mL异丙醇,室温放置10分钟,4℃下12000rpm离心5分钟,倒掉乙醇,风干沉淀,加入DEPC水溶液;最后测其OD值,来确定RNA的纯度和浓度。
(4)实时荧光定量PCR样品的制备及分析
用DNaseI处理总RNA以移除基因组DNA的污染,按逆转录酶说明书将RNA反转成第一条链。将所得第一链稀释10倍作为定量PCR反应模板。将适量cDNA原液做梯度稀释为标准曲线的模板。反应体系及反应条件分别见表1和表2。
表1定量PCR反应体系(总体积20μL)
表2定量PCR反应条件
以拟南芥看家基因ACTIN2(AT3G18780)为参照基因。用Rotor-Gene的Real-TimeAnalysis Software 6.0计算每个样品的表达量。相对表达量为目的基因的表达量与看家基因(ACTIN2)叶片和根中表达量的比值。
(4)实验结果
AtWRKY45在镉胁迫下的表达模式如图1所示,表明AtWRKY45基因不管在拟南芥叶部(图1A),还是在根部(图1B),在镉处理下被诱导表达。
实施例2AtWRKY45功能分析实验
(1)实验方法
a、转基因材料:本实施例采用的wrky45突变体和过表达材料WRKY45-OX-15,由西双版纳热带植物园热带植物资源与可持续利用重点实验室陈利钢研究员提供(Chen etal.,2017)。
b、种子消毒:将成熟、饱满、干燥的拟南芥野生型(Col-0),wrky45突变体,WRKY45超量表达株系WRKY45-OX-15的种子放在1.5mL离心管中,加入75%的酒精,旋转涡旋消毒5分钟,离心去除酒精;然后继续加入95%酒精上下颠倒,充分浸润种子,离心去除酒精,在超净工作台干燥。
c、层积催芽:将消毒后的种子撒入1/2MS培养基,四摄氏度层积处理两天,然后放入在22℃条件下,光强为100μmol-2s-1,光照周期为16h/8h光照培养中培养。
d、移苗、处理:2天后选择正常、长势一致的幼苗移栽到含0、50、75μM氯化镉的1/2MS培养基中。然后放入在22℃条件下,光强为100μmol-2s-1,光照周期为16h/8h光照培养中培养。
e、采样、测量:对处理10天后的样品进行拍照,采样,测量叶绿素含量和鲜重。使用ImageJ软件测量样品的主根长。
(2)实验结果
镉胁迫对超量表达WRKY45-OX-15和突变体wrky45转基因拟南芥株系的根系、鲜重和叶绿素含量的影响结果如图2所示,显示在对照1/2MS培养基上,WT、突变体和过表达植株的生长无显著差异。然而,在Cd胁迫下,超量表达植株比WT表现出更强的镉耐受性,而突变植株比WT对镉更敏感(图2A)。与WT植株相比,过表达植株的初生根长、鲜重(FW)和叶绿素Ⅱ含量显著增加,而突变体则显著降低(图2B-D)。综上,表明WRKY45功能缺失会导致拟南芥对镉的耐受性降低,而WRKY45过表达会增强对镉的耐受性。这些结果表明WRKY45正调控镉耐受性。
实施例3AtWRKY45对植物螯合素(PCs)合成的影响
(1)拟南芥材料的种植和镉处理
a、转基因材料:本实施例采用的wrky45突变体和过表达材料WRKY45-OX-15,由西双版纳热带植物园热带植物资源与可持续利用重点实验室提供。
b、种子消毒:将成熟、饱满、干燥的拟南芥野生型(Col-0),wrky45突变体,WRKY45超量表达株系WRKY45-OX-15种子放在1.5mL离心管中,加入75%的酒精,旋转涡旋消毒5分钟,离心去除酒精;然后继续加入95%酒精上下颠倒,充分浸润种子,离心去除酒精,在超净工作台干燥。
c、层积催芽:将消毒后的种子撒入1/2MS培养基,四摄氏度层积处理两天,然后放入在22℃条件下,光强为100μmol-2s-1,光照周期为16h/8h光照培养中培养。
c、移苗:5天后选择正常、长势一致的幼苗移栽至水培系统生长,周换一次营养液,每3天调一次pH。
d、处理:两周后进行处理:镉胁迫(Cd2+:20μM)、正常(CK:Cd2+:0μM)。
e、采样:对处理24小时的根和叶采样,液氮冷冻,-80℃保存。
(2)NPT、GSH和PCs的测定
所有提取步骤均在4℃或以下进行,提取介质与鲜重的比例为1mL:100mg的样品在液氮中研磨,并在1毫升0.2N盐酸中提取。将匀浆转移到离心试管中,在4℃下16000g离心10分钟。上清液(0.5mL)在0.2M NaHPO4(pH 5.6)的存在下,用约0.4mL0.2M NaOH中和,中和酸萃取物的最终pH<5.0,最终得到各样品提取物备用。
谷胱甘肽(GSH)的测定采用Tietze(1969)和Noctor&Foyer(1998)提出的循环法进行。具体为:依赖于5,5-二硫代(2-硝基-苯甲酸)(DTNB,Ellman试剂)的GR还原,在412nm处监测。每次新鲜制备谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR),将(NH4)2SO4悬浮液离心后,再悬浮至20U/mL,加入0.2M磷酸二氢钠(pH 7.5)和10mM EDTA。
为了测定总谷胱甘肽浓度,将三份等量的10μL中和提取物(即为各样品提取物)加入平板孔中,其中含有0.1mL0.2M磷酸二氢钠(pH 7.5),10mM EDTA,10μL 10mM NADPH,10μL12mM DTNB和60μL水。反应开始前加入10μLGR。摇动自动混合后5min,测量A412的数值。
将0.2mL中和提取物与1μL,2-乙烯基吡啶(VPD)在室温下孵育30min后,用同样的原理测定氧化谷胱甘肽(GSSG)。衍生化后的溶液经两次离心除去多余的VPD。以GSH为标准,将中和酸提取物中的总非蛋白硫醇测定为DTNB反应性硫醇。
总GSH分析,每孔包含0.1毫升0.2M磷酸二氢钠(pH 7.5),10mM EDTA,10μL 12mMDTNB和90μL提取物。标准品为0、10、20、50nmol GSH(总体积:0.2mL)。最后将非蛋白硫醇肽(NPT)化合物的量减去GSH的量即可计算出PCs的浓度。
(3)实验结果
测定如图3所示,未经过Cd处理条件下,野生型、wrky45突变体和WRKY45-15-OX株系之间的NPT和PCs含量没有显著差异。但在Cd胁迫下,与野生型相比,wrky45突变体的NPT和PCs含量显著降低,而WRKY45-OX-15的NPT和PCs含量与WT株相比显著增加(图3A、3C)。于野生型相比,wrky45突变体的GSH含量显著降低,而WRKY45-OX-15植株的GSH含量升高(图3B)。这些结果表明,WRKY45通过PCs合成途径正向调控Cd耐受性。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.如SEQ ID NO.1所示AtWRKY45基因在正向调控植物螯合素的合成并提高植物对镉胁迫耐受性中的应用。
2.如SEQ ID NO.1所示AtWRKY45基因在镉胁迫下促进植物生长或在制备镉胁迫下促进植物生长的产品中的应用。
3.如SEQ ID NO.1所示AtWRKY45基因在构建耐镉胁迫的转基因材料中的应用。
4.如SEQ ID NO.1所示AtWRKY45基因在植物耐镉胁迫育种中的应用。
5.如SEQ ID NO.1所示AtWRKY45基因在镉胁迫下提高植物谷光甘肽和植物螯合素含量或在制备在镉胁迫下提高植物谷光甘肽和植物螯合素含量的产品中的应用。
6.促进AtWRKY45基因表达的制剂在镉胁迫下促进植物生长或在制备促进植物生长的产品中的应用。
7.促进AtWRKY45基因表达的制剂在镉胁迫下提高谷光甘肽和植物螯合素含量或在制备提高谷光甘肽和植物螯合素含量的产品中的应用。
8.一种在镉胁迫下提高植物谷光甘肽和植物螯合素含量的方法,其特征在于,通过在植物中过表达AtWRKY45基因或将促进AtWRKY45基因表达的制剂转入植物体内,以此提高植物谷光甘肽和植物螯合素含量。
9.一种改变植物镉胁迫耐受性的方法,其特征在于,通过在植物中过表达或抑制表达AtWRKY45基因,以此改变植物镉胁迫耐受性。
10.一种提高植物镉胁迫耐受性的制剂,其特征在于,含AtWRKY45基因的表达促进剂或表达激活剂。
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