CN116730727A - 钙钛矿型陶瓷三维结构及其制备方法 - Google Patents
钙钛矿型陶瓷三维结构及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 22
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 229910021523 barium zirconate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- DQBAOWPVHRWLJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(2+);dioxido(oxo)zirconium Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][Zr]([O-])=O DQBAOWPVHRWLJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 20
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- YRWWCNGKZLMTPH-UHFFFAOYSA-J prop-2-enoate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].[O-]C(=O)C=C.[O-]C(=O)C=C.[O-]C(=O)C=C.[O-]C(=O)C=C YRWWCNGKZLMTPH-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 15
- CXNQUHPJUJGOHC-UHFFFAOYSA-J prop-2-enoate;zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-]C(=O)C=C.[O-]C(=O)C=C.[O-]C(=O)C=C.[O-]C(=O)C=C CXNQUHPJUJGOHC-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- HVVWZTWDBSEWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-prop-2-enoyloxy-2-(prop-2-enoyloxymethyl)propyl] prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CO)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C HVVWZTWDBSEWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 2
- DUPIXUINLCPYLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium lead Chemical compound [Ba].[Pb] DUPIXUINLCPYLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVYPNSGWLVPWSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-dichloro-1-benzofuran Chemical compound ClC1=CC(Cl)=C2C=COC2=C1 ZVYPNSGWLVPWSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UARGAUQGVANXCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].CCO.CCO.CCO.CCO UARGAUQGVANXCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- JMXKSZRRTHPKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium ethoxide Chemical compound [Ti+4].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-] JMXKSZRRTHPKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本公开提供了一种钙钛矿型陶瓷三维结构及其制备方法,其中,该制备方法包括:提供多种可光聚合的丙烯酸金属盐单体;将三种以上的丙烯酸金属盐单体按比例混合,使得根据金施密特容忍因子计算的有效容忍因子teffective满足0.8<teffective<1,得到陶瓷前驱体;利用飞秒激光双光子聚合技术对陶瓷前驱体进行加工,使陶瓷前驱体光聚合成型;对光聚合成型的陶瓷前体进行脱脂、烧结处理,得到钙钛矿型陶瓷三维结构。
Description
技术领域
本公开属于陶瓷材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种钙钛矿型陶瓷三维结构及其制备方法。
背景技术
高熵合金是由五种或五种以上等量或大约等量的金属形成的合金,相较于普通金属合金,高熵合金展显出更诱人的性能,如:较高的硬度、较好的韧性和较高的耐腐蚀性。与高熵合金类似,高熵氧化物(高熵陶瓷)是将五种或五种以上的金属或非金属氧化物以等摩尔或等摩尔比相互固溶的方法得到的结构单一的氧化物。高熵陶瓷是新材料研究的热点之一,具有出色的成分灵活性,具有各种稳定晶体结构的多种组合物陶瓷。因此,高熵陶瓷具有更多吸引人、无与伦比的功能特性,如:隔热防热,可充电锂离子电池,硬度较高、耐磨,催化与裂解等。
目前,制备高熵合金的制备方法主要有:固相反应法,喷雾热解法,火焰热解法,共沉淀法,溶液燃烧合成法等等,但是这些方法存在诸多问题,如:固相反应法利用前体粉末球磨混合时,元素比例难以调控,容易产生杂质;喷雾热解法和火焰热解法需要高温、高压处理,以及急速加热淬火,能耗较高,易产生污染;共沉淀法需要较为精确的pH调节,程序较为复杂,制备时间较长;溶液燃烧合成法也存在着工序复杂等等问题。此外,上述方法难以拓展到高熵陶瓷材料体系,同时产物多为粉末,限制了高熵陶瓷在三维结构方面的应用。
有鉴于此,如何以有效的方法制备出新材料体系的高熵陶瓷三维结构,是近几年的研究方向之一。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本公开提供了一种钙钛矿型陶瓷三维结构及其制备方法,以期至少部分地解决上述技术问题,具体技术方案如下:
作为本公开的第一个方面,提供了一种制备钙钛矿型陶瓷三维结构的方法,包括:
提供多种可光聚合的丙烯酸金属盐单体;
将三种以上的丙烯酸金属盐单体按比例混合,使得根据金施密特容忍因子计算的有效容忍因子teffective满足0.8<teffective<1,得到陶瓷前驱体;
利用飞秒激光双光子聚合技术对陶瓷前驱体进行加工,使陶瓷前驱体光聚合成型;
对光聚合成型的陶瓷前体进行脱脂、烧结处理,得到钙钛矿型陶瓷三维结构。
作为本公开的第二个方面,提供了一种钙钛矿型陶瓷三维结构,采用上述方法制得,其中,钙钛矿型陶瓷包括钙钛矿型高熵陶瓷。
在本公开的实施例种,通过配体交换反应制备出多种可光聚合的丙烯酸金属盐单体,以金施密特的容忍因子作为理论指导,将三种及以上的丙烯酸金属盐单体按比例进行混合,确定出有效容忍因子teffective在0.8<teffective<1的比例,得到陶瓷前驱体。然后,利用飞秒激光双光子聚合技术对陶瓷前驱体进行加工,使陶瓷前驱体光聚合成型得到陶瓷三维结构。通过对光聚合成型的陶瓷前体进行脱脂、烧结处理,去除陶瓷前体中的有机物杂质,并使其致密,从而得到形貌保真、结构稳定、单一的钙钛矿型陶瓷三维结构。
附图说明
图1为本公开实施例中制备陶瓷前驱体的流程示意图;
图2为本公开实施例中飞秒激光双光子聚合加工的光路示意图;
图3为本公开实施例中脱脂和烧结处理的装置示意图;
图4为本公开实施例中不同钙钛矿型陶瓷三维结构的扫描电镜图;
图5为本公开实施例中不同钙钛矿型陶瓷三维结构的元素分布图;
图6为本公开实施例中不同钙钛矿型陶瓷三维结构的X射线衍射图;
图7为本公开实施例中不同钙钛矿型陶瓷三维结构的X射线光电子能谱图。
具体实施方式
为使本公开的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,以下结合具体实施例,并参照附图,对本公开作进一步的详细说明。
针对当前高熵合金的制备方法不适用于高熵陶瓷材料的制备,以及现有的高熵陶瓷材料制备方法产物多为粉末,限制了高熵陶瓷材料在三维结构方面应用的问题,本公开提出了一种制备钙钛矿型陶瓷三维结构的方法,该方法可以实现多种钙钛矿型高熵陶瓷材料三维结构的制备,还可以实现普通钙钛矿型陶瓷材料三维结构的制备,拓宽了陶瓷材料体系。
具体地,本公开提供的制备钙钛矿型陶瓷三维结构的方法包括:提供多种可光聚合的丙烯酸金属盐单体;将三种以上的丙烯酸金属盐单体按比例混合,使得根据金施密特容忍因子计算的有效容忍因子teffective满足0.8<teffective<1,得到陶瓷前驱体;利用飞秒激光双光子聚合技术对陶瓷前驱体进行加工,使陶瓷前驱体光聚合成型;对光聚合成型的陶瓷前体进行脱脂、烧结处理,得到钙钛矿型陶瓷三维结构。
在本公开的实施例中,采用配体交换反应制备出多种可光聚合的丙烯酸金属盐单体,并以金施密特的容忍因子作为理论指导,将三种及以上的丙烯酸金属盐单体按比例进行混合,确定出有效容忍因子teffective在0.8<teffective<1(判断为立方钙钛矿结构的依据)的比例,得到能够形成钙钛矿相的陶瓷前驱体。然后,利用飞秒激光双光子聚合技术对陶瓷前驱体进行加工,使陶瓷前驱体光聚合成型。通过对光聚合成型的陶瓷前体进行脱脂、烧结处理,去除陶瓷前体中的有机物,并使其致密,从而得到形貌保真、结构稳定、单一的钙钛矿型陶瓷三维结构。
在本公开的实施例中,具有碳碳双键的丙烯酸能够在飞秒激光的激发下,发生聚合反应。另外,丙烯酸可与多种金属元素发生配体交换反应形成丙烯酸金属盐,同时保留可光聚合性质。例如:金属醇盐与丙烯酸反应,得到丙烯酸金属盐和醇,具体反应机理如下:
因此,通过配体交换反应配置了多种丙烯酸金属盐单体,包括:丙烯酸钛、丙烯酸锆、丙烯酸钙、丙烯酸铅中一种或多种,其中丙烯酸钡单体可以直接购买获得。
具体地,丙烯酸钛的制备方法包括:将钛醇盐与丙烯酸按照1∶4~1∶6的摩尔比进行反应获得。例如:将0.5毫摩尔的乙醇钛与2毫摩尔的丙烯酸混合反应,随后在真空干燥箱中抽走多余的乙醇,得到丙烯酸钛单体,然后,常温保存备用。
丙烯酸钡的制备方法包括:将丙烯酸钡、去离子水、丙烯酸按照1∶2∶2~1∶4∶4的摩尔比进行混合获得。例如:将0.5毫摩尔的丙烯酸钡与2毫摩尔的去离子水、2毫摩尔的丙烯酸混合,随后在40℃的水浴中超声,直到混合物变为透明,得到丙烯酸钡单体。然后,将其常温保存备用。
丙烯酸锆的制备方法包括:将锆醇盐、丙烯酸按照1:4~1:6的摩尔比进行反应获得。例如:将0.25毫摩尔的乙醇锆与1毫摩尔的丙烯酸混合反应,超声10mins后加入250μL的二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)或者N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶解,得到丙烯酸锆单体。然后,将其常温保存备用。
丙烯酸钙的制备方法包括:将碳酸钙、丙烯酸、去离子水按照1∶4∶4~1∶6∶6的摩尔比进行反应获得。例如:将1毫摩尔的碳酸钙与4毫摩尔的丙烯酸、3毫摩尔的去离子水混合反应,待反应进行完全,不再产生气泡后,在40℃的水浴中超声直到混合物变为透明,即可得到丙烯酸钙单体。然后,将其常温保存备用。
丙烯酸铅的制备方法包括:将丙烯酸、碱式碳酸铅按照20∶1~10∶1的摩尔比进行反应获得。例如:在圆底烧瓶中按顺序加入20毫摩尔丙烯酸、0.04毫摩尔对苯二醌、1毫摩尔碱式碳酸铅,室温反应8小时后,产物经丙酮沉淀、抽滤、洗涤后置于真空干燥箱中干燥,即可得到白色粉末状单体丙烯酸铅。然后,将获得的丙烯酸铅单体溶解于适量的丙烯酸中,然后低温密封保存备用。
根据本公开的实施例,将三种以上的丙烯酸金属盐单体按比例混合,使得根据金施密特容忍因子计算的有效容忍因子teffective满足0.8<teffective<1,得到陶瓷前驱体,包括:将三种以上的丙烯酸金属盐单体按比例混合,超声30min后,加入交联剂和光引发剂,再超声5min后,即可得到陶瓷前驱体。其中,交联剂选自季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯中一种或多种,主要用于增加结构聚合交联强度;光引发剂选自7-二乙基氨基-3-噻吩甲酰基香豆素、O,O-二乙基硫代磷酰氯、四乙基米氏酮中一种或多种,主要用于光引发。需要说明的是,对于其他的交联剂和光引发剂也可以采用,不局限于所列举的。
根据本公开的实施例,利用金施密特的容忍因子作为理论指导,将各种丙烯酸金属盐前驱体按比例混合,能够得到多种陶瓷的前驱体(如图1)。例如:可以获得锆钛酸钡、锆钛酸钡铅、锆钛酸钡铅钙中一种或多种陶瓷前驱体,这些陶瓷前驱体可形成钙钛矿型陶瓷。
根据本公开的实施例,金施密特的容忍因子(Goldschmidt tolerance factor,以t表示)以A、B、X位的离子半径来判断任意三种(或多种)元素,或元素之间的任意比例是否能形成稳定的钙钛矿结构(ABX3,A,B为阳离子,X为卤素阴离子或者氧离子),并且预测晶型,t的表达式如式(I)所示:
其中,rA、rB和rX分别为A位离子半径、B位离子半径以及X位离子半径。
若要预测混合型钙钛矿的结构,则要以有效容忍因子(teffective)来估算,同时因为A位或B位不止一种离子,则要加权离子比例来计算“估计有效离子半径”(reffective),如式(II)所示:
其中,xi、ri分别表示第i种元素的比例和离子半径,且
使用reffective计算即可得到teffective,一般来说:
1)当teffective<0.8时,判断为δ相的正交钙钛矿结构;
2)当0.8<teffective<1时,判断为立方钙钛矿结构;
3)当teffective>1时,判断为六方晶体且非钙钛矿结构。
根据本公开的实施例,将三种以上的丙烯酸金属盐单体按比例混合,使得根据金施密特容忍因子计算的有效容忍因子teffective满足0.8<teffective<1,得到的陶瓷前驱体如下:
锆钛酸钡(BZT):将丙烯酸钛,丙烯酸锆,丙烯酸钡混合,得到锆钛酸钡-陶瓷前驱体,其中锆钛酸钡-陶瓷前驱体中各元素摩尔比为Ti:5%~35%、Zr:5%~35%、Ba:50%。例如,将0.5mmol的丙烯酸钛,0.5mmol的丙烯酸锆,1mmol的丙烯酸钡混合,超声30mins后加入100mg交联剂PETA(季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯)与10mg光引发剂DETC(7-二乙基氨基-3-噻吩甲酰基香豆素),超声5mins后,获得Ba(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3。
锆钛酸钡铅(BPZT):将丙烯酸钛,丙烯酸锆,丙烯酸钡、丙烯酸铅混合,得到锆钛酸钡铅-陶瓷前驱体,其中锆钛酸钡铅-陶瓷前驱体中各元素摩尔比为Ti:5%~35%、Zr:5%~35%、Ba:5%-35%、Pb:5%-35%。例如:将0.5mmol的丙烯酸钛,0.5mmol的丙烯酸锆,0.5mmol的丙烯酸钡,0.5mmol的丙烯酸铅混合后加入100mg交联剂PETA(季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯,增加结构聚合交联强度)与10mg光引发剂DETC(7-二乙基氨基-3-噻吩甲酰基香豆素),超声5mins后,获得(Ba0.5Pb0.5)(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3。
锆钛酸钡铅钙(BPCZT):将丙烯酸钛,丙烯酸锆,丙烯酸钡、丙烯酸铅、丙烯酸钙混合,得到锆钛酸钡铅钙-陶瓷前驱体,其中锆钛酸钡铅钙-陶瓷前驱体中各元素摩尔比为Ti:5%~35%、Zr:5%~20%、Ba:5-35%、Pb:5%-35%、Ca:5%-16%。例如:将0.8mmol的丙烯酸钛,0.2mmol的丙烯酸锆,0.42mmol的丙烯酸钡,0.42mmol的丙烯酸铅,0.16mmol的丙烯酸钙混合,随后加入100mg交联剂PETA(季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯,增加结构聚合交联强度)与10mg光引发剂DETC(7-二乙基氨基-3-噻吩甲酰基香豆素),超声5mins后,获得Ba0.42Pb0.42Ca0.16)(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3。
经过计算发现,上述具体实施例中的配方材料体系的容忍因子均满足0.8<teffective<1,具体计算结果如下表1所示:
表1
陶瓷前驱体配比 | r(A2+)/pm | r(B4+)/pm | r(O2-)/pm | teffective |
(Ba0.42Pb0.42Ca0.16)(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 | 122.52 | 62.8 | 140 | 0.915472 |
(Ba0.5Pb0.5)(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 | 127 | 66.25 | 140 | 0.91552 |
Ba(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 | 135 | 66.25 | 140 | 0.942951 |
BaTiO3 | 135 | 60.5 | 140 | 0.969994 |
根据本公开的实施例,利用飞秒激光双光子聚合技术对陶瓷前驱体进行加工包括:将陶瓷前驱体置于飞秒激光双光子加工系统的油镜上,通过利用X-Y方向扫描振镜和Z方向的压电台的移动,实现对陶瓷前驱体三维结构的光聚合成型加工;其中,加工时间为:500-2000μs,例如1000μs;加工功率为:15-50mW,例如50mW。
更具体的制备步骤如下:
1)样品的准备:为了避免先打印结构对光的散射与折射,从而影响到后续结构的顺利打印,采用正置打印的方法。首先在普通玻片(40*25*0.7mm3)的一面贴上两条双面胶带(厚度约为100μm),两者间距为20mm左右。随后,将10μL的陶瓷前驱体滴到两条胶带中间位置玻片上。最后,取一片蓝宝石玻片(可耐近1600℃的高温)盖在两条胶带中间,轻轻压紧,使金属前驱体与蓝宝石玻片接触。
2)飞秒激光双光子聚合加工步骤:将样品的普通玻片面朝下放置在油镜上方,激光器发射出的高斯光场经过4F系统调制,由高数值孔径的油镜聚焦在陶瓷前驱体内部。在加工开始前,聚焦光斑位于蓝宝石玻片与陶瓷前驱体的界面处,加工开始后,结合扫描振镜x-y方向与pi压电台z方向上对光斑的三维位置控制,从而实现对陶瓷前驱体三维结构的高效加工。
在本公开的实施例中,使用飞秒激光双光子聚合技术,结合扫面振镜与Z向压电台的移动实现了陶瓷前驱体三维结构的快速成型,该制备方法的加工效率较高,所形成的陶瓷三维结构的成型能力较好,可以批量生产和应用。
根据本公开的实施例,陶瓷前驱体三维结构在光聚合成型之后,需要经过脱脂去除其中的有机成分和溶剂,再经过烧结得到致密化、单一钙钛矿相高熵陶瓷三维结构。
根据本公开的实施例,脱脂处理包括:将光聚合成型的陶瓷前体放入反应室内(KSL-1200X,合肥科晶),抽真空后,以0.5-10℃/min的升温速率将温度从室温升温至200℃,并保温1.5-2h,去除陶瓷前驱体中的水分和有机溶剂。随后,以0.5-10℃/min的升温速率将温度从200℃升温至400℃,并保温5.2-4h,初步去除前驱体中的有机分子,并使碳链断裂。然后,以0.5-10℃/min的升温速率将温度从400℃升温至600℃,并保温1.5-3h,进一步去除前驱体中的有机物。最后,将反应器冷却至室温,其中反应器可以为管式烧结炉。在本公开的实施例中,脱脂处理过程中的升温速率优选1℃/min,在此升温速率范围内能够有效降低陶瓷三维结构的形变,同时去除有机溶剂、水分、有机物杂质等。
根据本公开的实施例,烧结处理包括:在脱脂处理后,以0.5-5℃/min的升温速率将反应器的温度从室温升温至800℃进行第一烧结,并保温3-5h,其中,升温速率优选3℃/min,保温时间优选3h。随后,以0.5-2℃/min的将反应器的温度从800℃升温至1100℃进行第二烧结,并保温0.5-1.5h后,冷却至室温,其中,升温速率优选1℃/min,保温时间优选1h。在本公开的实施例中,通过两段烧结处理,在第一段烧结处理过程中,可以使脱脂处理的陶瓷三维结构逐渐结晶,伴随热量交换;在第二段烧结处理过程中,晶体进一步长大并融合,伴随孔隙的生长,使陶瓷三维结构进一步的致密,从而得到形貌高保真的、稳定单一钙钛矿型陶瓷三维结构。
根据本公开的实施例,还提供了一种钙钛矿型陶瓷三维结构,采用上述实施例中钙钛矿型陶瓷三维结构的制备方法获得,其中,所获得的钙钛矿型陶瓷包括钙钛矿型高熵陶瓷,如锆钛酸钡铅钙(BPCZTO),还可以为普通钙钛矿型陶瓷,如钛酸钡、锆钛酸钡、锆钛酸钡铅。采用本公开提供的双光子聚合-脱脂-烧结处理制备的钙钛矿型陶瓷三维结构的方法,该方法拓宽了钙钛矿型陶瓷材料体系,尤其是扩展了钙钛矿型高熵陶瓷材料的制备体系。
为使本公开的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,以下结合具体的实施例并参照附图对本公开作进一步的详细说明。
钙钛矿型高熵陶瓷三维结构的加工实施例
1)配料:BPCZT前驱体包括:将0.8mmol的丙烯酸钛,0.2mmol的丙烯酸锆,0.42mmol的丙烯酸钡,0.42mmol的丙烯酸铅,0.16mmol的丙烯酸钙混合,随后加入100mg交联剂PETA(季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯,增加结构聚合交联强度)与10mg光引发剂DETC(7-二乙基氨基-3-噻吩甲酰基香豆素),超声5mins后,获得Ba0.42Pb0.42Ca0.16)(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3。
2)飞秒激光双光子聚合加工步骤:
a.涂胶:在涂胶之前,先在普通玻片的一面贴上两条双面胶带,然后用移液器在普通玻片上的两条胶带中间滴10μL的BPCZT前驱体,随后用蓝宝石玻片将BPCZT前驱体覆盖住。
b.采用如图2所示的飞秒激光双光子加工系统,将准备好的样品以普通玻片面朝下的方式置于油镜上方的加工台并固定,调整Z向压电台,使得初始光斑位于蓝宝石与BPCZT前驱体的交界面处。同时将需要加工图形的三维结构数据导入到加工软件中,调整合适的加工参数,例如将加工功率设定为15-50mW,加工时间设定为500-2000μs,从而实现三维结构的加工。
3)显影:待加工完成后,取下蓝宝石玻片,放入用乙二醇甲醚溶液中倒置显影10mins。
4)脱脂处理:将显影后的样品放入管式烧结炉中,以1℃/min的升温速率将管式烧结炉的温度从室温阶段升温至600℃,去除样品中有机质和溶剂,得到多种氧化物混合状态的结构。
5)高温烧结:脱脂处理后,先以3℃/min的升温速率将管式烧结炉的温度从室温升高至800℃,然后再以1℃/min将温度升高至1100℃,使多种氧化物开始融合结晶长大,得到形貌保真、稳定单一的钙钛矿型高熵陶瓷三维结构(如图3所示)。
采用与锆钛酸钡铅钙(BPCZT)相同的方法,还可以制备钛酸钡(BT)锆钛酸钡(BZT)、锆钛酸钡铅(BPZT)等不同的钙钛矿型陶瓷,对其形貌进行拍照和元素分布进行分析,具体如图4-图5所示。
由图4-5所示,采用本公开提供的方法可以获得不同形貌的陶瓷结构,且形貌可控、保真、单一,元素分布均匀。
对制备好的锆钛酸钡铅钙(BPCZT)、钙钛矿型陶瓷材料进行X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)谱图分析,具体测试结果如图6-图7所示。
如图6至图7所示,采用本公开提供的方法制备的陶瓷材料,晶相单一,可控。
以上所述的具体实施例,对本公开的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明,应理解的是,以上所述仅为本公开的具体实施例而已,并不用于限制本公开,凡在本公开的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种制备钙钛矿型陶瓷三维结构的方法,包括:
提供多种可光聚合的丙烯酸金属盐单体;
将三种以上的所述丙烯酸金属盐单体按比例混合,使得根据金施密特容忍因子计算的有效容忍因子teffective满足0.8<teffective<1,得到陶瓷前驱体;
利用飞秒激光双光子聚合技术对所述陶瓷前驱体进行加工,使所述陶瓷前驱体光聚合成型;
对光聚合成型的陶瓷前体进行脱脂、烧结处理,得到钙钛矿型陶瓷三维结构。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述丙烯酸金属盐单体选自以下至少一种:
丙烯酸钛、丙烯酸钡、丙烯酸锆、丙烯酸钙、丙烯酸铅。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中,所述丙烯酸金属盐单体通过配体交换反应制备:
将钛醇盐与丙烯酸按照1∶4~1∶6的摩尔比进行反应,得到所述丙烯酸钛;
将丙烯酸钡、去离子水、丙烯酸按照1∶2∶2~1∶4∶4的摩尔比进行混合,得到所述丙烯酸钡;
将锆醇盐、丙烯酸按照1∶4~1∶6的摩尔比进行反应,得到所述丙烯酸锆;
将碳酸钙、丙烯酸、去离子水按照1∶4∶4~1∶6∶6的摩尔比进行反应,得到所述丙烯酸钙;
将丙烯酸、碱式碳酸铅按照20∶1~10∶1的摩尔比进行反应,得到所述丙烯酸铅。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,在将丙烯酸金属盐单体按比例混合时还添加交联剂和光引发剂;
其中,所述交联剂选自季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯中一种或多种;
所述光引发剂选自7-二乙基氨基-3-噻吩甲酰基香豆素、O,O-二乙基硫代磷酰氯、四乙基米氏酮中一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1或3所述的方法,其中,所述陶瓷前驱体包括以下任意一种:
锆钛酸钡、锆钛酸钡铅、锆钛酸钡铅钙。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中,
将所述丙烯酸钛,丙烯酸锆,丙烯酸钡混合,得到锆钛酸钡-陶瓷前驱体,其中所述锆钛酸钡-陶瓷前驱体中各元素摩尔比为Ti:5%~35%、Zr:5%~35%、Ba:50%;
将所述丙烯酸钛,丙烯酸锆,丙烯酸钡、丙烯酸铅混合,得到锆钛酸钡铅-陶瓷前驱体,其中所述锆钛酸钡铅-陶瓷前驱体中各元素摩尔比为Ti:5%~35%、Zr:5%~35%、Ba:5-35%、Pb:5-35%;
将所述丙烯酸钛,丙烯酸锆,丙烯酸钡、丙烯酸铅、丙烯酸钙混合,得到锆钛酸钡铅钙-陶瓷前驱体,其中所述锆钛酸钡铅钙-陶瓷前驱体中各元素摩尔比为Ti:5%~35%、Zr:5%~20%、Ba:5-35%、Pb:5-35%、Ca:5%-16%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,利用飞秒激光双光子聚合技术对所述陶瓷前驱体进行加工包括:
将所述陶瓷前驱体置于飞秒激光双光子加工系统的油镜上,通过利用X-Y方向扫描振镜和Z方向的压电台的移动,实现对所述陶瓷前驱体三维结构的光聚合成型加工;
其中,加工时间为:500-2000μs,加工功率为:15-50mW。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述脱脂处理包括:
将所述光聚合成型的陶瓷前体放入反应室内,抽真空后,以0.5-10℃/min的升温速率将温度从室温升温至200℃,并保温1.5-2h后;
以0.5-10℃/min的升温速率将温度从200℃升温至400℃,并保温5.2-4h后;以及
以0.5-10℃/min的升温速率将温度从400℃升温至600℃,并保温1.5-3h后,将反应器冷却至室温。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述烧结处理包括:
在脱脂处理后,以0.5-5℃/min的升温速率将反应器的温度从室温升温至800℃进行第一烧结,并保温3-5h后;
以0.5-2℃/min的将反应器的温度从800℃升温至1100℃进行第二烧结,并保温0.5-1.5h后,冷却至室温。
10.一种钙钛矿型陶瓷三维结构,采用权利要求1-9中任一项所述的方法制得,其中,所述钙钛矿型陶瓷包括钙钛矿型高熵陶瓷。
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