CN1167217A - 装载机的发动机/泵控制装置 - Google Patents

装载机的发动机/泵控制装置 Download PDF

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CN1167217A
CN1167217A CN96120878A CN96120878A CN1167217A CN 1167217 A CN1167217 A CN 1167217A CN 96120878 A CN96120878 A CN 96120878A CN 96120878 A CN96120878 A CN 96120878A CN 1167217 A CN1167217 A CN 1167217A
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cantilever
oil
sensor
valve
oil pressure
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金周庆
李仲宇
姜浩真
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Samsung Heavy Industries Co Ltd
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Samsung Heavy Industries Co Ltd
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2278—Hydraulic circuits
    • E02F9/2285—Pilot-operated systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2221—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements
    • E02F9/2239—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using two or more pumps with cross-assistance
    • E02F9/2242—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using two or more pumps with cross-assistance including an electronic controller
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2278—Hydraulic circuits
    • E02F9/2282—Systems using center bypass type changeover valves
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2278—Hydraulic circuits
    • E02F9/2292—Systems with two or more pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/02—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
    • F15B2211/305—Directional control characterised by the type of valves
    • F15B2211/30505—Non-return valves, i.e. check valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
    • F15B2211/305—Directional control characterised by the type of valves
    • F15B2211/30505—Non-return valves, i.e. check valves
    • F15B2211/30515—Load holding valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
    • F15B2211/305—Directional control characterised by the type of valves
    • F15B2211/30525—Directional control valves, e.g. 4/3-directional control valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
    • F15B2211/315—Directional control characterised by the connections of the valve or valves in the circuit
    • F15B2211/3157—Directional control characterised by the connections of the valve or valves in the circuit being connected to a pressure source, an output member and a return line
    • F15B2211/31576—Directional control characterised by the connections of the valve or valves in the circuit being connected to a pressure source, an output member and a return line having a single pressure source and a single output member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
    • F15B2211/32—Directional control characterised by the type of actuation
    • F15B2211/329—Directional control characterised by the type of actuation actuated by fluid pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50—Pressure control
    • F15B2211/505—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50509—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50518—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means using pressure relief valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50—Pressure control
    • F15B2211/515—Pressure control characterised by the connections of the pressure control means in the circuit
    • F15B2211/5151—Pressure control characterised by the connections of the pressure control means in the circuit being connected to a pressure source and a directional control valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/61—Secondary circuits
    • F15B2211/613—Feeding circuits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/63—Electronic controllers
    • F15B2211/6303—Electronic controllers using input signals
    • F15B2211/6306—Electronic controllers using input signals representing a pressure
    • F15B2211/6316—Electronic controllers using input signals representing a pressure the pressure being a pilot pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/63—Electronic controllers
    • F15B2211/6303—Electronic controllers using input signals
    • F15B2211/6336—Electronic controllers using input signals representing a state of the output member, e.g. position, speed or acceleration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/63—Electronic controllers
    • F15B2211/6303—Electronic controllers using input signals
    • F15B2211/6346—Electronic controllers using input signals representing a state of input means, e.g. joystick position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/635—Circuits providing pilot pressure to pilot pressure-controlled fluid circuit elements
    • F15B2211/6355—Circuits providing pilot pressure to pilot pressure-controlled fluid circuit elements having valve means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/665—Methods of control using electronic components
    • F15B2211/6653—Pressure control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/67—Methods for controlling pilot pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/705—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor characterised by the type of output members or actuators
    • F15B2211/7051—Linear output members
    • F15B2211/7053—Double-acting output members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/71—Multiple output members, e.g. multiple hydraulic motors or cylinders
    • F15B2211/7114—Multiple output members, e.g. multiple hydraulic motors or cylinders with direct connection between the chambers of different actuators
    • F15B2211/7128—Multiple output members, e.g. multiple hydraulic motors or cylinders with direct connection between the chambers of different actuators the chambers being connected in parallel

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Operation Control Of Excavators (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)

Abstract

本发明旨在提供一种根据作业状态可变地控制油压泵使用马力，能提高作业效率的控制装置。该装置包括向驱动行走轮的行走系统和驱动悬臂等作业装置的作业装置系统供给驱动马力的发动机、由该发动机驱动的至少一个以上的油压泵、由该油压泵的排出油动作的铲斗油缸及悬臂油缸、控制从油压泵向铲斗油缸及悬臂油缸供给排出油的油量和方向的铲斗控制阀及悬臂控制阀、与操作者的操作量成正比地控制铲斗控制阀及悬臂控制阀的铲操作机构及悬臂操作机构、由铲斗或悬臂的动作压将油压泵的排出油释放到油箱内的卸荷阀；其特征在于，备有根据作业状态选择地开闭上述减压阀的机构。

Description

装载机的发动机/泵控制装置
本发明涉及装载机的发动机/泵控制装置，特别涉及一种根据作业状态可变地控制油压泵的作用马力，能提高作业效率的控制装置。
装载机是建筑机械的一种，其作业通常是用铲斗铲起土砂等装载物再卸到附近的自卸卡车上。
图1是表示现有的装载机的发动机/泵控制系统结构图，由单一的发动机1驱动由若干个油压泵2、3、4构成的作业装置系统和由图未示的传动装置和行走轮16构成的行走装置系统。换言之，发动机动力的一部分驱动油压泵2、3、4，使悬臂和铲斗等作业装置动作，其余部分通过液力变矩器14和传动装置使行走轮16动作。
图中标记9和10分别表示铲斗油缸和悬臂油缸，该铲斗油缸和悬臂油缸是使作为作业装置的铲斗和悬臂动作的促动器。图中标记7和8分别表示设在油压泵2、3与促动器9、10之间的铲斗控制阀和悬臂控制阀，该铲斗控制阀和悬臂控制阀控制油压泵2、3的油量及方向，使促动器9、10起动、停止或方向转换。油压泵4是将信号压传递给油压系统的液压泵，还备有根据操作者的指示将液压泵4的信号压分配供给上述铲斗油缸9及悬臂油缸10并控制它们的铲斗操作杆11和悬臂操作杆12。
标记5、5′表示将油压系统的压力保持在预定动作压力的卸荷阀，13表示油箱，15表示行在前后行走轮16之间传递动力用的传动轴。
在这种构造的装载机的发动机/泵，在铲起装载物卸到自卸卡车上的作业中，进行铲入装载物的作业时，铲斗油缸9或悬臂油缸10所需的油量少，而装载机向前方铲入所需的牵引力很大。另外，铲起装载物并移动后，往自卸卡车上卸下的卸料作业时，悬臂、铲斗等作业装置所需的油量比牵引力增大。
考虑到该作业特点，现有的油压系统中，在油压泵3的排出油路中设置卸荷阀6，在进行铲入作业时，由于悬臂或铲斗的动作压力增高，该压力将卸荷阀6打开，使油压泵3的排出油量泄放，使行走系统更多得到其余的动力(发动机马力)，提高行走的牵引力。
但是，这种情况下，如果装载物的重量很大，悬臂或铲斗的压力增高，由于不仅铲入作业而且举起装载物并卸料的作业也减少了油量，使作业装置的动作速度降低而不能提高作业效率。
另外，在举起装载物并卸下的卸料作业中，行走牵引力的要求变小，悬臂上升速度的要求增大，由于向悬臂供给油量的油压泵2、3的最大排出油量是考虑通常作业时的行走牵引力设定的，在卸料作业时，虽然可以再增大最大排出量，但这样使用会出现问题。
因此，本发明的目的在于提供一种装载机的发动机/泵控制装置，该装置能根据装载机的作业状态得到最适当的发动机马力分配，从而大幅度地提高作业效率。
为了实现上述目的，本发明装载机的发动机/泵控制装置包括向驱动行走轮的行走系统和驱动悬臂等作业装置的作业装置系统供给驱动马力的发动机、由该发动机驱动的至少一个以上的油压泵、由该油压泵的排出油动作的铲斗油缸及悬臂油缸、控制从油压泵向铲斗油缸及悬臂油缸供给排出油的油量和方向的铲斗控制阀及悬臂控制阀、与操作者的操作量成正比地控制铲斗控制阀及悬臂控制阀的铲斗操作机构及悬臂操作机构、由铲斗或悬臂的动作压将油压泵的排出油释放到油箱内的卸荷阀；其特征在于，备有根据作业状态选择地开闭上述卸荷阀的机构。
另外，上述机构最好由检测悬臂动作变位的第1传感器、检测铲斗动作变位的第2传感器、检测悬臂操作杆的悬臂上升操作的第3传感器、检测使行走系统动作的加速踏板操作量的第4传感器、检测使行走系统的动作停止的制动踏板操作有无的第5传感器、根据预定的电气信号提供用于开闭卸荷阀的油压力的电子比例阀、根据上述传感器的检测信号向电子比例阀输出电气信号的控制器构成。
图1是现有装载机的发动机/泵控制系统构造图。
图2是本发明一实施例装载机的发动机/泵控制系统构造图。
下面参照附图说明本发明的最佳实施例。
图2表示本发明一实施例装载机的发动机/泵控制系统。在本实施例的控制系统中，发动机1、包括由该发动机1驱动的行走轮16的行走系统、包括铲斗和悬臂的作业装置系统等装载机的基本构造与现有技术相同，其详细说明从略，与现有技术相同的部分标注与图1相同的标记。
本实施例中，备有根据装载机的作业状态选择地使卸荷阀6作开闭动作的机构，上述卸荷阀借助铲斗和悬臂的动作压将油压泵2或3的排出油向油箱释放。
本发明旨在提供一种根据作业状态可变地控制油压泵使用马力，能提高作业效率的控制装置。该装置包括向驱动行走轮的行走系统和驱动悬臂等作业装置的作业装置系统供给驱动马力的发动机、由该发动机驱动的至少一个以上的油压泵、由该油压泵的排出油动作的铲斗油缸及悬臂油缸、控制从油压泵向铲斗油缸及悬臂油缸供给排出油的油量和方向的铲斗控制阀及悬臂控制阀、与操作者的操作量成正比地控制铲斗控制阀及悬臂控制阀的铲操作机构及悬臂操作机构、由铲斗或悬臂的动作压将油压泵的排出油释放到油箱内的卸荷阀；其特征在于，备有根据作业状态选择地开闭上述减压阀的机构。
该机构备有悬臂角度传感器(第1传感器)21、铲斗位置传感器(第2传感器)22、压力开关(第3传感器)23、加速踏板操作量检测传感器(第4传感器)24、制动踏板操作有无检测传感器(第5传感器)25、电子比例阀26和控制器27。悬臂角度传感器21设置在悬臂油缸10上，用于检测悬臂的动作变位；铲斗位置传感器22设置在铲斗油缸9上，用于检测铲斗的动作变位；压力开关23用于检测悬臂操作杆12的悬臂上升的操作；加速踏板操作量检测传感器24用于检测使行走系统动作的加速踏板的操作量；制动踏板操作有无检测传感器25用于检测使行走系统动作停止的制动踏板操作的有无；电子比例阀26根据预定的电气信号，供给用于操作上述卸荷阀6开闭的油压力；控制器27根据上述传感器21、22、23、24、25的检测信号向电子比例阀26输出电气信号。
上述的卸荷阀6设置在油压泵3的排出油路与油箱13之间，其初始状态设定为由阀弹簧6a阻断排出油路与油箱13之间的状态，当铲斗或悬臂的动作压力作用到上述的阀弹簧对面侧时，排出油路和油箱之间就被开放。电子比例阀26设在液压泵4与卸荷阀6的阀弹簧之间，其初期状态设定为由阀弹簧26a将液压泵4的信号压力传递给卸荷阀6的阀弹簧的状态，当来自控制器27的增压指令(电气信号)加到电子比例阀26的阀弹簧26a的相对侧时，从液压泵4向卸荷阀6供给的信号被阻断，剩余的油通过流路28返回油箱13。换言之，当增压指令加到电子比例阀26上时，卸荷阀6保持阻断流路的状态，即油压泵3的全部排出油量被供给到铲斗或悬臂的状态，当电子比例阀26接受到减压指令(电气信号)时，卸荷阀6转换为将流路开放的状态，即油压泵3的排出油量的一部分返回油箱13的状态。
下面说明本实施例发动机/泵控制装置的动作。
先读入悬臂角度传感器21、铲斗位置传感器22、压力开关23、加速踏板操作量检测传感器24、制动踏板操作有无检测传感器25等检测出的信号，根据读入的检测信号判断正在进行的作业状态。例如，根据悬臂角度传感器21、铲斗位置传感器22的读入信号判断为铲入装载物的状态，同时根据加速踏板操作量检测传感器24的读入信号看，加速踏板在预先设定的值以上被操作，根据制动踏板操作有无检测传感器25的读入检测信号看，制动踏板为未被操作的状态时，则说明现行作业状态为牵引力应比作业装置驱动力优先的状态，即，可判断为装载机处于铲入装载物的状态。另一方面，当压力开关23读入的检测信号表示现在为悬臂的上升操作状态，当判断为加速踏板操作量检测传感器24及制动踏板操作有无检测传感器25等检测出的信号为预先设定的值以上时，则说明现在的作业状态是需要悬臂、铲斗等作业装置驱动力的作业状态，即，可判断为装载机处于举起装载物往自卸卡车上卸料的作业状态。
这样，当判断结果为需要牵引力的作业时，向上述电子比例阀26发出减压指令。这时，油压泵3的排出油量的一部分通过卸荷阀6返回油箱13，剩余的发动机马力可供给行走系统，所以装备可确保足够的牵引力。
另一方面，当判断为不需要牵引力的作业、并同时判断为悬臂正在上升的状态时，向电子比例阀发出增压指令，这时，油压泵3的全部排出油量供给悬臂，可确保作业装置的动作速度。
如上所述，本发明中，根据作业状态可变地控制油压泵使用马力，能得到最适当的发动机马力分配。即，在需要牵引力的作业状态时，限制油压泵的使用马力并同时增加向行走系统供给的马力，在不需要牵引力且需确保悬臂上升速度的作业状态时，油压泵的全部排出油量供给作业装置，可确保作业装置的动作速度，显著提高作业效率。

Claims (2)

1.装载机的发动机/泵控制装置，包括：向驱动行走轮的行走系统和驱动悬臂等作业装置的作业装置系统供给驱动马力的发动机、由该发动机驱动的至少一个以上的油压泵、由该油压泵的排出油动作的铲斗油缸及悬臂油缸、控制从油压泵向铲斗油缸及悬臂油缸供给排出油的油量和方向的铲斗控制阀及悬臂控制阀、与操作者的操作量成正比地控制铲斗控制阀及悬臂控制阀的铲操作机构及悬臂操作机构、由铲斗或悬臂的动作压将油压泵的排出油释放到油箱内的卸荷阀；其特征在于，备有根据作业状态选择地开闭上述卸荷阀的机构。
2.如权利要求1所述的装载机的发动机/泵控制装置，其特征在于，上述机构由检测悬臂动作变位的第1传感器、检测铲斗动作变位的第2传感器、检测悬臂操作杆的悬臂上升操作的第3传感器、检测使行走系统动作的加速踏板操作量的第4传感器、检测使行走系统的动作停止的制动踏板操作有无的第5传感器、根据预定的电气信号提供用于开闭卸荷阀的油压力的电子比例阀、根据上述传感器的检测信号向电子比例阀输出电气信号的控制器构成。
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